MBI Annual Report 2003 - Max-Born-Institut Berlin (MBI)

Annual Report 2003
Max Born Institute
for Nonlinear Optics and
Short Pulse Spectroscopy
Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V.

Max-Born-Institut
für Nichtlineare Optik
und Kurzzeitspektroskopie
im Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V.
Annual Report
Jahresbericht
2003
1

2
Impressum
Jahresbericht 2003
Herausgegeben vom
Max-Born-Institut (MBI)
für Nichtlineare Optik
und Kurzzeitspektroskopie
im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V.
Max-Born-Straße 2 A
12489 Berlin
Tel.: (++49 30) 63 92 - 15 05
Fax: (++49 30) 63 92 - 15 19
e-mail: mbi@mbi-berlin.de
http://www.mbi-berlin.de

Preface Vorwort 5
Members of the Scientific Advisory Board Mitglieder des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats 6
Schematic of the MBI Research Program Schema des MBI Forschungsprogramms 7
Research focus 1:
Laser Research 9
1-01: Ultrafast nonlinear optics and few cycle pulses 11
1-02: Short pulse laser systems 14
Research focus 2:
Ultrafast and Nonlinear Phenomena in Atoms, Molecules, Clusters and Plasmas 17
2-01: Laser Plasma Dynamics 19
2-02: Ionization dynamics in intense laser fields 22
2-03: Free clusters and molecules 25
2-04: Molecular Vibrational and Reaction Dynamics in the Condensed Phase 27
Research focus 3:
Ultrafast and Nonlinear Phenomena in Solids and at Surfaces 31
3-01: Dynamics at surfaces and structuring 33
3-02: Ultrafast and nonlinear processes in solid state and nanostructures 37
3-03: Optoelectronic Devices 40
3-04: Ultrafast x-ray research 42
Focus 4:
Scientific Infrastrucure: Application laboratories and special laser development 45
4-01: Femtosecond Application labs 47
4-02: High-Field-Laser Application Laboratory (HFL) 48
4-03: MBI-BESSY Beamline 50
4-04: Special laser development for applications 52
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57
68
75
77
80
93
94
95
96
102
Appendices
Appendix 1: Publications
Appendix 2: External talks, teaching
Appendix 3: Ongoing Diploma- and PhD theses, Habilitations
Appendix 4: Guest lectures at the MBI
Appendix 5: Staff, extended research visits of MBI staff at external institutions, visiting
scientists at the MBI and users of the application laboratories
Appendix 6: Grants and contracts 2003
Appendix 7: Activities in scientific organizations
Appendix 8: Honours and awards
Appendix 9: Cooperations
Appendix 10: Current patents and pending applications

Preface
The Max Born Institute (MBI) reports
annually about its scientific work, alternating
from odd to even years in the extent of the
report. Although in this sequence the year 2003
would have been covered by a short review
we have chosen to give a somewhat more
extended report as a consequence to a major
restructuring process of our research
programme.
During the past months the scientists of
the MBI have scrutinized in a joint, discursive
effort the research programme of the institute
as it has developed over the past years, aiming
at an even more focussed and concentrated
strategy for our future research. Two key
aspects have guided the discussion: what are
currently the worldwide most important and
promising directions of research in ultrafast
dynamics and nonlinear optics and what are
the particular strengths of the MBI and its
scientists? The result of this intense internal
reviewing and restructuring process is a
significantly reduced number of research
projects with a corresponding concentration
of resources. We are convinced that the new
program is focussed on some of the most
promising areas of research in our field and at
the same time enables us to make most
efficient use of the scientific potential of the
institute.
The main part of this annual report thus
describes the three new focal areas of
research, each with a relatively detailed
description of the 10 newly formed research
projects and the 4 projects which constitute
the scientific infrastructure of the institute. The
Appendices give – as usual – a complete
documentation of publications, invited talks
and academic teaching, Diploma and PhD
theses, guests scientists and guest lectures at
the MBI, research co-operations, grants, patents
and other activities in research together with
a statistics on the MBI staff and their visits to
other institutions. Further information about the
ongoing work is available at the World Wide
Web-Site of the MBI (http://www.mbi-berlin.de).
This site has also been redesigned by the end
of 2003. We hope the web visitor finds it more
transparent, easy to access and providing up
to date information.
Research of the MBI continues to be
productive and successful as this report and
in particular the Appendices clearly document.
We refrain from commenting on particular new
results but mention just one highlight among
our successful efforts to acquire external
funding: Laserlab-Europe, coordinated by the
MBI (W. Sandner) is now funded by the EU
within the 6 th framework programme as an
Integrated Infrastructure Initiative. It provides
an excellent basis for intense European
collaboration using facilities provided by a
consortium of 17 laser infrastructures from 9
European countries. This success supports the
declared strategy of co-operation with guest
Vorwort
Das Max-Born-Institut (MBI) berichtet
jährlich über seine wissenschaftliche Arbeit,
wobei die Berichte sich alternierend zwischen
geraden und ungeraden Jahren im Umfang
unterscheiden. So wäre über das Jahr 2003
wieder in Kurzfassung zu berichten. Wir haben
uns jedoch entschlossen, eine etwas ausführlichere
Darstellung zu wählen, um die
inzwischen erfolgte, umfassende Umstellung
unseres Forschungsprogramms vorstellen zu
können.
In den vergangenen Monaten haben die
Wissenschaftler des MBI in gemeinsamer, intensiver
Diskussion das Forschungsprogramm
des MBI, wie es sich in den letzten Jahren
entwickelt hatte, im Detail analysiert und neu
strukturiert, mit dem Ziel einer künftig noch
stärkeren Fokussierung und Konzentration.
Zwei Schlüsselfragen haben dabei die
Diskussion geleitet: was sind gegenwärtig die
weltweit wichtigsten und vielversprechendsten
Forschungsthemen im Bereich der Ultrakurzzeitdynamik
und Nichtlinearen Optik und was
sind die spezifischen Stärken des MBI und
seiner Wissenschaftler? Das Ergebnis dieses
intensiven internen Evaluierungs- und Restrukturierungsprozesses
ist eine signifikante
Reduktion der Anzahl von Forschungsprojekten
mit einer entsprechenden Konzentration der
Ressourcen. Wir sind überzeugt, dass das
Programm auf einige der vielversprechendsten
Themen unseres Forschungsgebietes
fokussiert ist und uns gleichzeitig erlaubt, das
vorhandene wissenschaftliche Potenzial des
Instituts besonders effizient zu nutzen.
Der Hauptteil dieses Jahresberichts 2003
beschreibt daher die drei neuen Forschungsschwerpunkte
und gibt eine relativ detaillierte
Beschreibung der 10 neu formierten Forschungsprojekte
und der 4 Vorhaben, welche
die wissenschaftliche Infrastruktur des MBI
definieren. Die Anhänge geben wieder eine
vollständige Dokumentation über Publikationen,
eingeladene Vorträge und akademische
Lehrveranstaltungen, Gastwissenschaftler
und Gastvorträge am MBI, Kooperationen,
Drittmitteleinwerbung, Patente und andere
Aktivitäten sowie eine Statistik der Mitarbeiter
und deren auswärtige Gastaufenthalte. Weitere
Einzelheiten sind unter http://www.mbiberlin.de
abrufbar. Die MBI Website zeigt sich
seit Ende 2003 in neuem, und wie wir hoffen
besonders übersichtlichem, aktuellen und
informativen Design.
Die Forschung am MBI ist auch weiterhin
produktiv und erfolgreich, wie dies der vorliegende
Bericht und insbesondere die
Anhänge dokumentieren. Wir verzichten hier
darauf, einzelne neue Ergebnisse zu
kommentieren und erwähnen lediglich ein
besonderes Glanzlicht unserer erfolgreichen
Drittmitteleinwerbung: das Laserlab-Europe,
koordiniert vom MBI (W. Sandner) wird ab
Ende 2003 von der EU im 6. Rahmenprogramm
gefördert. Es bietet eine exzellente
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scientists which the MBI continues to pursue.
More than 80 guest scientists worked at the
institute in 2003 in the research projects or
made use of the application laboratories.
We are confident that this creative exchange
of scientific potential will continue to be productive.
We trust that the present annual report
will again provide a good first orientation not
only for future collaborators and guests of the
MBI but for all those who are interested in the
progress of our work.
We wish you an enjoyable and informative
reading.
Berlin, March 2004
Basis für eine intensive Europäische Zusammenarbeit
durch Nutzung der Ressourcen
von 17 Laser-Infrastruktureinrichtungen aus
9 Europäischen Ländern. Dieser Erfolg unterstützt
die erklärte Strategie der Kooperation,
welche das MBI seit Jahren konsequent
verfolgt. Über 80 Gastwissenschaftler haben
im Jahr 2003 am Institut gearbeitet und waren
dabei in den Forschungsprojekten integriert
oder haben die Möglichkeiten der Applikationslabore
genutzt.
Wir sind zuversichtlich, dass dieser kreative
Austausch von wissenschaftlichem Potenzial
sich auch weiterhin fruchtbar entwickeln wird.
Der hier vorgelegte Jahresbericht möge aber
nicht nur als gute erste Orientierung für
potenzielle künftige Kooperationspartner und
Gäste des MBI dienen, sondern allen, die sich
für den Forschritt unserer Arbeit interessieren
nützlich sein.
Wir wünschen Ihnen eine erfreuliche und
informative Lektüre.
Berlin, im März 2004
Ingolf Hertel Wolfgang Sandner Thomas Elsaesser
Members of the Scientific Advisory Board / Mitglieder des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang. Domcke (Vice Chairman)
Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München
Prof. Dr. Theodor W. Hänsch
Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching
Prof. Dr. Ferenc Krausz (Chairman)
Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching
Prof. Dr. Karl Leo
Institut für angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden
Prof. Dr. Stephen R. Leone
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Frau Prof. Dr. Irène Nenner
C.E.A. - Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Frankreich
Prof. Dr. Sune Svanberg
Division of Atomic Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, Schweden
Prof. Dr. Ian A. Walmsley
Department of Physics, University of Oxford, UK
Representatives of the cooperating universities / Vertreter der kooperierenden Universitäten
Prof. Dr. Jürgen Rabe
Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Prof. Dr. Dietmar Stehlik
Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin
Prof. Dr. Christian Thomsen
Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin
Representatives of the Federal Republic and the State of Berlin /
Vertreter der Zuwendungsgeber aus Bund und Land
Prof. Dr. Jürgen Richter
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Ref. 411, Bonn
Dr. Rainer Schuchardt
Senatsverwaltung für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur, Referat III C 3, Berlin
Honorary member:
Prof. Sir Harry Kroto
The School of Chemistry and Molecular Science, University of Sussex Falmer, Brighton, UK

Schematic of the MBI Research Program
The new research program of the MBI is concentrated on three major focal areas of research
which are supported by the scientific infrastructure. The research in each focus is organized in
several projects. This is illustrated schematically in the following diagram. The diagram displays
the project titles and the names of the project coordinators (underlined are the present speakers).
Schema des MBI Forschungsprogramms
Das neue Forschungsprogramm des MBI konzentriert sich auf drei große Schwerpunkte der
Forschung und wird durch die wissenschaftliche Infrastruktur unterstützt. Die Forschung in jedem
Schwerpunkt ist wiederum gegliedert in mehrere, in der Regel interdisziplinäre Forschungsprojekte.
Das wird im nachstehenden Diagramm schematisch illustriert. Das Diagramm zeigt die Themen
der Forschungsprojekte und die Namen der Projektkoordinatoren (unterstrichen sind die derzeitigen,
jeweiligen Sprecher).
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Research focus 1
Laser Research
The generation of extremely short laser
pulses with cutting edge parameters has
always attracted significant attention,
extending far beyond laser physics. For the
MBI as a research institute devoted to short
pulse spectroscopy and nonlinear optics the
development of novel laser sources is of paramount
importance. Laser sources developed
in-house can offer parameters that are
unavailable from commercial lasers. It is this
availability of unique sources that enables
unique experiments.
Consequently, one of the focal points of
the research strategy of the MBI is the
generation of extremely short pulses in a
broad wavelength region. Often, applications
in spectroscopy demand a specific wavelength
range, and it is far from trivial to produce fewcycle
pulses outside the visible/near-infrared
range accessible by Ti:sapphire lasers. Therefore,
we pursue Raman pulse compression
as one favorable method to generate pulses
outside this range, in particular in the vacuum
ultraviolet range. Further efforts concentrate
on the identification of novel materials and
methods, both for building mode-locked laser
oscillators and for frequency conversion by
harmonic and parametric nonlinear processes.
One of the key missions of the MBI is the
amplification of ultra-short pulses to extremely
high intensities of the order of 10 20 W/cm 2 , or
to high average powers for dedicated
applications. The synchronisation of two
separate ultra-high intensity lasers with pulse
energies in the Joule (Ti:Sa) and 10 Joule
range (Nd:Glass) at MBI opens a new and
exclusive route towards particle acceleration
and proton imaging experiments in plasma
physics. The development of novel highaverage-power
ps-lasers over the last
decade has made MBI an indispensible
partner for cooperation with the national and
international high-energy physics and Free-
Electron-Laser community.
The overall goal of the laser research at
MBI is to generate of light pulses with recordbreaking
parameters over a wide range of
wavelengths and energies, and to directly
enable their use for applications in
spectroscopy and related studies of ultrafast
and nonlinear phenomena in the key
fields of interest at the MBI (see research
focus 2 and 3). Laser research at MBI is
strongly interconnected, both, among the
different research themes within the laser
research as well as to direct applications in
the other research areas. Many of these
activities are embedded into international
collaborations and are made accessible to
external users, most notably through the
Transnational Access Activity within the EU
laser infrastructure network “LASERLAB-
EUROPE”.
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Ultrafast nonlinear optics and fewcycle
pulses:
The efforts in generating few-cycle pulses
encompass the relatively widespread method
of pulse compression in hollow gas-filled fibers
where pulses with as few as 1.6 optical cycles
have already been generated – corresponding
to a duration of 4.3 fs. Similarly, we explore
white-light continuum generation processes
in microstructured fibers. Our efforts include
generation of very short pulses in the vacuum
ultraviolet, where Raman based compression
methods, also in a hollow-fiber geometry, are
investigated for pulses of a few femtoseconds
pulse duration. These activities are backed up
by theoretical work, paving the way for novel
methods for the generation of extremely short
pulses over the entire laser-accessible wavelength
region, ranging from the deep ultraviolet,
the visible and near-infrared up to midinfrared
pulse generation.
As a prerequisite for further pulse
shortening in most of these spectral ranges,
the ultrashort pulses have to be up- or downconverted
from the near infrared, where the
majority of the femtosecond laser systems
operate. To improve such nonlinear optical
conversion with respect to efficiency and
control the bandwidth of the pulses novel
materials and conversion schemes are
examined.
It is very challenging to characterize and
actively shape such extremely short laser
pulses. The efforts of generating short pulses
therefore have to be augmented by means to
measure their complex spatio-temporal
structure and, one step further, also to control
spatial or temporal parameters of the few-cycle
wave packets.
Short pulse laser systems:
Different concepts for advanced shortpulse
lasers based on Ti:sapphire, rare-earth
doped crystals and microstructure fibers for
femtosecond and picosecond oscillator and
amplifier systems are under investigation.
The potential of novel ytterbium and
neodymium doped active materials are
studied in the 1-µm spectral range. In particular,
Yb-doped laser crystals are well-suited for
building conceptually simple and highly
efficient diode-pumped femtosecond lasers
with high output power. Among those
materials, the monoclinic double tungstates
Yb:KY(WO 4 ) 2 and Yb:KGd(WO 4 ) 2 stand out
because of their large absorption and emission
cross sections, which was demonstrated using
diode-pumped oscillators with 100 fs pulse
duration. The isotropic sesquioxides Sc 2 O 3 ,
Y 2 O 3 and Lu 2 O 3 are, however, more attractive
for high-power applications because of their
excellent thermo-mechanical properties. We
have proven the excellent potential of these
materials by demonstrating a 54% efficiency
for Yb:Sc 2 O 3 in mode-locked operation, which
is the highest optical efficiency ever reported
from a mode-locked laser.
Compared to conventional fiber designs,
microstructure fibers have considerably enhanced
the possibilities of tailoring linear and
nonlinear fiber properties. For mode-locked fiber
lasers, dispersion engineering is of particular
interest, as it enables intrinsic dispersion compensation
or soliton propagation at virtually
arbitrary wavelengths. Recently, we
demonstrated mode-locking of Nd-doped
microstructure fiber laser, which is the first
demonstration of mode-locked microstructure
fiber lasers in the 1-μm region.
Besides these conceptual investigations
this project also contains two main research
efforts aiming at oscillator-amplifier systems
with either high peak power or high average
power. The MBI ultra-high intensity Ti:Sa laser,
providing intensities in excess of 10 19 W/cm 2 ,
is with 35fs pulse duration among the shortestpulse
multi-10-TW systems world-wide. New
research developments focus on contrast and
beam quality improvement within the European
SHARP collaboration. A series of novel
concepts for high-average-power lasers has
rendered MBI as one of the leading
laboratories for burst-mode (with up to 5kW
average power during ms-bursts) and quasicw
ps-lasers. The most recent developments
employ fully diode-pumped and OPCPA
systems, but also high-average power Ti:Sa
fs-lasers. Applications include driver lasers for
incoherent x-ray sources and, to a large extent,
unique photocathode drivers and pump-probe
user endstations for newly established Free
Electron Lasers at collaborating laboratories.
All these activities are bundled in project
1-02.

1-01: Ultrafast nonlinear optics and few cycle pulses
J. Herrmann, F. Noack, G. Steinmeyer (Project coordinators)
and P. Glas, R. Grunwald, V. Petrov, O. Steinkellner, P. Tzankov, N. Zhavoronkov
1. Overview
The generation of ultrashort laser pulses
down to few optical cycles in a very broad
spectral region (from 100 nm up to the THz
range) by nonlinear optical processes is the
common goal of all ongoing activities within
the framework of this project. Besides the
further improvement of known techniques for
pulse shortening we also pursue new
strategies such as nonlinear processes in
holey fibers. In order to either generate new
wavelengths or enhance the conversion
efficiency, stability, spectral and spatial quality,
and to simplify already existing concepts we
investigate new solid-state nonlinear optical
materials with 2-nd and 3-rd order nonlinear
susceptibility and apply them in novel
interaction schemes for frequency conversion
of femtosecond pulses, e.g. chirped pulse
optical parametric amplification (CPOPA). For
tunable and efficient generation of sub-100 fs
pulses in the wavelength range 100-160 nm
we investigate, both experimentally and
theoretically, four-wave-mixing in special
hollow waveguides as one of the most
promising techniques and compression of
vacuum UV pulses by Raman-active molecular
modulation (see Fig. 1). Simultaneously to these
activities devoted to the generation of ultrashort
pulses with one or more extreme parameters
we concentrate on the characterization of their
temporal and spatial structure as well as on
active control by shaping mechanisms.
2. Subprojects and Collaborations
At present the project is organized in three
subprojects, with research activities focused
on the following topics:
UP1: Few-cycle pulse generation and
nonlinear optical processes in hollow
waveguides, photonic crystal fibers and
microstructured materials
• generation of few-cycle pulses by pulse
compression employing the nonlinearity of
noble gases and the Raman-polarizability
of molecules in hollow fibers, their diagnostics,
and their application for spectroscopy
• supercontinuum generation in microstructured
(holey) and gas-filled hollow fibers
• spatio-temporal shaping of localized wavepackets
in the sub-10-fs range with advanced
types of thin-film microoptics.
UP2: high energy vacuum UV femtosecond
pulses (100-160 nm) at 1-kHz repetition rate
• efficient generation of ultrashort vacuum UV
pulses by four wave mixing in hollow waveguides
(theory and experiment)
• investigation of deep UV pumped parametric
processes and continuum generation
• Raman compression of vacuum UV pulses.
UP3: novel nonlinear materials and interaction
schemes for frequency conversion
of ultrashort laser pulses
• femtosecond pulse generation below 200 nm
by nonlinear crystals with bandgaps up to
10 eV
• wide band semiconductors like some Licontaining
ternary compounds with transparency
extending from the UV up to the
deep mid-IR
• mid-IR crystals for the 3-15 µm spectral
range including such with engineerable
material properties, like the so called solid
solutions where the transparency, effective
nonlinearity, phase- and group-matching
can be tailored by composition.
Collaboration Partners: M. Piché (University
Quebec), U. Keller and F. W. Helbing (ETH
Zürich), R. Iliev and Ch. Etrich (FSU Jena),
G. Sansone and M. Nisoli (Milano), Laserlabor
Göttingen, BIAS (Bremen), L. Isaenko (DTIM
Novosibirsk), J.-J. Zondy (Observatoire Paris),
F. Rotermund (Ajou University), R. Komatsu
(Yamaguchi University), V. Pasiskevicius (KTH
Stockholm), V. Badikov (HTL Krasnodar),
D. Shen (Tsinghua University), Quarterwave
and Fibertec (Berlin).
Fig. 1:
Evolution of temporal
shape (a)
and spectrum (b)
of 100-fs input-probe
pulse at 175 nm for
pumping by four 20-fs
pulses, each of intensity
50 TW/cm 2 at 790 nm.
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Fig. 2:
Computed penetration
of the electric field into
an octave-spanning
chirped-mirror. This
mirror provides
dispersion compensation
from about
500 to 1000 nm. Several
of these mirrors were
used for compression
of white-light continuum
pulses from a hollow
fiber to a measured
pulse duration of 4.3 fs
(inset).
Fig. 3:
AC-trace at 250 nm with
a temporal resolution of
10 fs. The inset shows
the spectrum of the
femtosecond pulses at
125 nm produced by
noncollinear SHG.
Experimental points
(squares) and
Gaussian fits (lines).
The full control over all parameters of ultrashort
and few cycle light pulses (wavelength,
temporal shape, phase, energy, etc.) is a long
term objective for the whole project.
3. Results in 2003
We developed new concepts for
compression of short pulses with chirped
mirrors [Ste03a, Ste03d, SSV, Stec] which
permit an extension of the chirped mirror
technique to above one octave (see Fig. 2).
First experiments with a mirror-only dispersion
compensation of hollow-fiber continua already
yielded a pulse duration of 4.3 fs, currently the
shortest pulse generated from such a source
without adaptive compression. A new idea for
the compression of mid-IR pulses to singleand
sub-cycles using high-order stimulated
Raman scattering in hollow waveguides in the
pump-probe regime was proposed and
theoretically studied [KHe03b, KHe03c], the
experimental realization is planned for the
near future.
Using a non-standard holey fiber a three
octave broad supercontinuum (200 nm-
1600 nm) was generated with a pump
wavelength in the normal dispersion region.
This is the broadest spectrum observed in
holey fibers. A careful analysis indicates a
significant deviation from the already
established soliton fission model. Supercontinuum
generation in holey fibers made of
highly nonlinear glasses as SF57 was studied
theoretically [HHe03b]. It has been shown that,
in contrast to holey fibers made of fused silica,
non-solitonic radiation is emitted both in the
IR and UV, as determined by the specific
phase-matching curves. In addition, we
demonstrated that a frequency comb in the
telecommunication region around 1550 nm
can be generated by four-wave mixing in a
doped multi-core photonic fiber made of a
highly nonlinear glass, which could be used
as a wavelength-division multiplexing source
[HHe03b].
We extended in 2003 our CPOPA scheme
(see annual report 2002) based on periodically
poled KTiOPO 4 (PPKTP) with a second stage
which resulted in a 4-fold increase of the output
energy: femtosecond pulses at 1570 nm are
amplified now to energies as high as 85 µJ at
1 kHz with this all-diode pumped and compact
system providing a total gain of 1.4x10 6
(>60 dB) [PNR03]. The further progress is
related to the up-grading the pump source to
1.5 mJ, the use of novel nonlinear materials
and compression and characterization of the
idler pulse at 3.3 µJ.
The progress in the study of the Licontaining
chalcogenides, LiInS(e) 2 and
LiGaS(e) 2 , [IYL03] allowed us to achieve
down-conversion of amplified femtosecond
pulses near 800 nm to the mid-IR up to 12 µm
in a single step [PYI]. The same could be
realized for the first time by the solid solution
Cd x Hg 1-x Ga 2 S 4 [PBP] in which case the
bandgap was modified by the Cd-content. We
also initiated the study of a new class of
quaternary semiconductors Ag x Ga x Ge 1-x S(e) 2
where substantial increase of the birefringence
can be achieved by the composition [PBS].
Using SrB 4 O 7 , a highly nonlinear borate crystal
with the largest known band-gap, we
demonstrated that femtosecond pulses can be
generated by SHG down to wavelengths of
125 nm which turned out to be very useful for
diagnostic purposes [Fig. 3 and PNS04]. This
is the shortest wavelength ever achieved by a
nonlinear crystal with conversion efficiency
much higher than in surface SHG.
By using improved ZnO nanolayers for
SHG [NGG, NGG03], second order autocorrelation
traces were recorded with high
spatial and temporal resolution. Layer
structures with nanocrystallites of different
orientation and size were compared with
respect to the conversion efficiency.
Spatio-temporal shaping and characterization
of lasers exhibiting unique features
(ultrashort pulse duration, ultrabroad spectra,
vacuum ultraviolet) with novel types of optical
multichannel processors based on thin-film
microstructures was performed [GNGa,
GNGb, GKN, 1]. In particular, the propagation
of sub-10-fs nondiffractive beams (Bessel-like

eams, Mathieu-like beams) [GKG03c] was
investigated. Direct experimental evidence for
optical Bessel-X-pulses was found [GKe]. Selfreconstruction
properties of Bessel-X-pulses
were analyzed. We also proposed applications
in ultrafast information processing.
By extending the method of the Shack-
Hartmann wavefront sensing to a wavefront
autocorrelation [GNG03, GNGa], a more
complete diagnostics of a propagating complex
wavepacket in space and time including its
angular spectrum was demonstrated for the
first time (see fig. 4). With hybrid refractivereflective
array components, beam shapers
of record-low dispersion could be realized in
a quasi-reflective setup.
Other references
[1] V. Kebbel, Doctoral thesis, submitted to University
Bremen, 2003.
Own publications 2003 ff
(for full titles and list of authors see appendix 1)
GGN03: R. Grunwald et al.; in Ultrafast Phenomena
XIII (2003) 247-9
GKG03b: R. Grunwald et al.; SPIE Proc. 4833 (2003)
354-61
GKG03c: R. Grunwald et al.; Phys. Rev. A 67 (2003)
063820/1-5
GKN03: R. Grunwald et al.; SPIE Proc. 5181 (2003)
1-11
GNG03: R. Grunwald et al.; Opt. Lett. 28 (2003)
2399-401
HHe03a: A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann; Appl. Phys.
Lett. 83 (2003) 3867-9
HHe03b: A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann; Appl. Phys.
B 77 (2003) 227-34
HPH03: A. Husakou et al.; in Optical Solitons.
Theoretical and Experimental Challenges (2003)
299-325
HSK03: F.W. Helbing et al.; IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant.
Electron. 9 (2003) 1030-40
HSt03: F.W. Helbing et al.; Laser Phys. 13 (2003)
644-51
IYL03: L. Isaenko et al.; Cryst. Res. Technol. 38
(2003) 379-87
KHe03a: V. P. Kalosha and J. Herrmann; Phys. Rev.
A 67 (2003) 031801/1-4
KHe03b: V. P. Kalosha and J. Herrmann; Opt. Lett. 28
(2003) 950-2
KHe03c: V. P. Kalosha and J. Herrmann; Phys. Rev.
A 68 (2003) 023812/1-24
KOK03: R. Komatsu et al.; J. Cryst. Growth 257
(2003) 165-8
KSH03: V. Kalosha et al.; in Recent Advances in
Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Proceedings of the "XII
VPS Conference" (2003) 231-7
NGG03: U. Neumann et al.; SPIE Proc. 4972 (2003)
112-21
PNR03: V. Petrov et al.; Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 (2003)
L1327-L9
SGr03: G. Seewald and R. Grunwald; SPIE Proc.
4833 (2003) 900-5
SIK03: M. Spanner et al.; Opt. Lett. 28 (2003) 749-51
SMG03: Yu. S. Skibina et al.; SPIE Proc. 5067 (2003)
190-3
Ste03a: G. Steinmeyer; Optics Express 11 (2003)
2385-96
Ste03b: G. Steinmeyer; IEEE LEOS Newsletter 17
(2003) 8-9
Ste03c: G. Steinmeyer; J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5
(2003) R1-R15
Ste03d: G. Steinmeyer; IEEE J. Quantum Elect. 39
(2003) 1027-34
NGG04: U. Neumann et al.; Appl. Phys. Lett. 84
(2004) 170-2
PNS04: V. Petrov et al.; Opt. Lett. 29 (2004) 373-5
in press (as of Jan. 2004)
GNe: R. Grunwald and U. Neumann; Opt. Lett.
GNGa: R. Grunwald et al.; SPIE Proc.
GNGb: R. Grunwald et al.; SPIE Proc.
PBP: V. Petrov et al.; Opt. Commun.
PBS: V. Petrov et al.; Opt. Mat.
PYI: V. Petrov et al.; Appl. Phys. B
SKe: G. Steinmeyer and U. Keller; in Femto-second
Optical Frequency Comb: Principle, Operation,
and Applications
SSV: G. Sansone et al.; Appl. Phys. B
Stea: G. Steinmeyer; in Handbook of Optoelectronics
Steb: G. Steinmeyer; in Handbook of Optoelectronics
Stec: G. Steinmeyer; Appl. Phys. A
submitted (as of 21st Febr. 2004)
FSM: S. Fossier et al.; J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
GKe: R. Grunwald and V. Kebbel; in Springer Series
in Optical Sciences, Vol. 'Microoptics - From
Technology to Applications'
GKN: R. Grunwald et al.; Opt. Eng.
PNB: V. Petrov et al.; Appl. Opt.
YTI: A. P. Yelisseyev et al.; J. Appl. Phys.
Fig. 4:
Wavefront autocorrelation
as combination of
Shack-Hartmann sensor
and collinear autocorrelation:
diagnostics of an
amplified Ti:sapphire
laser pulse without (a)
and with (b) additional
curvature introduced by
a plano-convex lens
(temporal resolution
0.34 fs, nondiffracting
sub-beams shaped by
refractive-reflective thinfilm
microaxicons, SHG),
(c) cuts through the
beamlets from (a)
representing spatially
resolved 2 nd order
autocorrelation
[GNG03, GNGa].
13

14
Fig. 1a:
Scanning electron
micrograph of the
microstructure fiber.
The Nd-doped core
is surrounded by a
lattice of air holes.
Fig. 1b:
Setup of the modelocked
Nd-doped
microstructure fiber
laser.
1-02: Short pulse laser systems
U. Griebner, V. Petrov, I. Will (Project coordinators)
and P. Glas, M. Kalashnikov, H. Redlin, E. Risse, H. Schönnagel, R. Schumann, N. Zhavoronkov
1. Overview
The general goal of this project is the
development of sophisticated short pulse laser
sources. Laser concepts based on Ti:sapphire,
rare-earth- and Cr 4+ -doped crystals, semiconductors
and microstructure fibers for femtosecond
and picosecond oscillator and
amplifier systems are under investigation.
One focus of this project is the progress of
compact diode-pumped femtosecond laser
systems. The potential of novel ytterbium and
neodymium doped active materials and semiconductor
structures are studied in the 1-µm
spectral range. In particular, Yb-doped laser
crystals are well-suited for building
conceptually simple and highly efficient diodepumped
femtosecond lasers with high output
power. Comparative studies based on the
spectroscopic characteristics predicted that
some Yb-doped tungstate and sesquioxide
crystals are the most promising representatives
of this class of materials. Among
those materials, the monoclinic double
tungstates Yb:KY(WO 4 ) 2 and Yb:KGd(WO 4 ) 2
stand out because of their larger absorption
and emission cross sections. The isotropic
sesquioxides Sc 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 and Lu 2 O 3 are,
however, more attractive for high-power
applications because of their excellent thermomechanical
properties. Compared to conventional
fiber designs, microstructure fibers
have considerably enhanced the possibilities
of tailoring linear and nonlinear fiber properties.
For mode-locked fiber lasers, dispersion
engineering is of particular interest, as it permits
intrinsic dispersion compensation or soliton
propagation at virtually arbitrary wavelengths.
This project further contains research
activities to continuously upgrade the multiterawatt
Ti:sapphire laser operated in the
frame of High Field Laser (HFL) Application
laboratory in order to keep the laser system in
an internationally competitive condition. At
present the HFL is one of a few laser systems
regularly running at a repetition rate of 10 Hz
and delivering peak powers in excess of
20 TW at pulse durations of 35 fs. Generally,
the modern high power Ti:sapphire laser
systems suffer from a relatively low amplified
spontaneous emission (ASE) contrast of the
laser pulse, which typically lies in the range of
10 -5 -10 -7 . For the MBI-HFL the actual ASE
contrast value is 10 -7 . Improvement of the ASE
contrast ratio to the value of ~10 -10 , which is
necessary for pre-pulse free laser-matter
interaction (at peak intensity I>10 20 W/cm 2 ), is
one of the most important roots of current international
activities; at MBI it is being performed
within the framework of the European SHARP
collaboration.
A major part of the project is dedicated to
the development of new schemes for
generation of trains of pico- and femtosecond
pulses. MBI is among the leading laboratories
in the development of short-pulse, highaverage
power burst-mode lasers, which gives
the institute a key-role in collaborations with
the high-energy accelerator and Free-Electron-
Laser community. Present research activities
focus on tunable fs-burst-lasers with high
average power using OPCPA, the combination
of Optical-Parametric amplification and
Chirped Pulse Amplification. The main
advantages of this scheme are a negligible
thermal lensing, a broad amplification bandwidth
and large tuneability in wavelength. The
work finds an application in the development
of an optical pump/probe laser for the international
user community at the TESLA Free
Electron Laser (FEL) in the framework of a
EU-supported project.
Another important activity is devoted to the
development of laser systems based on
Ti:sapphire operated at the repetition rates
1 kHz and higher. This new generation of the
presently most used laser system will open
new possibilities for the application, which
either benefit or will only be possible with high
average power or multi-kHz repetition rate.

2. Subprojects and Collaborations
At present the project is organized in two
subprojects:
UP1: Compact, diode pumped laser systems
and new active materials
• short pulse lasers based on new double
tungstate and sesquioxide crystals / composite
crystal structures doped with ytterbium
and thulium as the active laser ion
• femtosecond microstructure fiber lasers in
the 1-µm spectral range (joint activity with
project 1-01). Partially supported by the
BMBF-project no. 13N8337
• compact all semiconductor-based femtosecond
lasers (joint activity with project
3-03)
UP2: Short pulse amplification, high peak
and average power
• development of diagnostics for the laser
beam characterization, especially temporal
contrast, focusability, intensity
• development of low amplified spontaneous
emission temporal contrast (>10 9 ) Ti: sapphire
laser system,
• development of methods to improve focusable
intensity of the HFL Ti:sapphire laser to
I >10 20 W/cm 2
• development of the optical pump/probe
laser for the TTF FEL in OPCPA technology:
improvement of the stability and the power,
increase of the conversion efficiency from
pump to signal beam
• Investigation of the physical principles for
the development and stable operation of
laser systems with high average output
power (repetition rate > 1 kHz at several mJ
pulse energy).
Collaboration with the European SHARP
consortium, EU contract no. HPRI-CT-2001-
50037. This work is partially carried out in
cooperation with HASYLAB/DESY in the
framework of an EU supported project, contract
no. HPRI-CT-1999-50009/Pump-Probe.
Further collaboration partners: F. Diaz (University
Tarragona), K. Petermann (University
Hamburg), A. Tünnermann (University Jena),
G. Erbert (FBH Berlin), Fibertec (Berlin),
HASYLAB / DESY (Hamburg)
3. Results in 2003
A highly-efficient femtosecond sesquioxide
laser applying a semiconductor saturable
absorber mirror (SESAM) for passive modelocking
was demonstrated. Using an Yb:Sc 2 O 3
crystal in a diode-pumped oscillator, pulses
as short as 255 fs at 1042.5 nm were
generated with a 85 MHz repetition rate. The
time-bandwidth product amounted to 0.35, i.e.
close to the Fourier limit [KPG04]. The smallest
quantum defect for an optically pumped laser
crystal could be demonstrated at room
temperature, using a 125 µm-thin platelet of
KYb(WO 4 ) 2 , a stoichiometric Yb-containing
crystal belonging to the class of the monoclinic
double tungstates. While pumping at 1025 nm,
lasing occurred at 1042 nm which
corresponds to a quantum defect of only 1.6%
[KPG03b]. We demonstrated first modelocking
of a Nd 3+ -doped microstructure fiber
laser using a SESAM (Fig. 1a, b). A pulse width
of 25 ps and a peak power of 4 W could be
achieved. Despite the huge potential, only
isolated reports of such mode-locked
microstructure fiber lasers can be found in the
literature [1].
A high dynamic range third-order crosscorrelator
was developed for ASE temporal
contrast characterization of the HFL
Ti:sapphire laser. The correlator supports
scanning range of ± 250 ps with duration of a
single step of 20 fs. and dynamic range of
measurement >5 10 9 . The whole dynamic
range can be realized with input pulses of 40 fs
duration, energy of 1 mJ at 5 mm diameter
(Fig. 2a). The ASE temporal contrast of the HFL
Ti:sapphire laser was characterized with the
third-order cross-correlator (Fig. 2b). The ASE
level was found to be ~10 -7 . Substantial
development has been done in the framework
of the European SHARP collaboration to
investigate pulse-cleaning methods using the
double-CPA-scheme; this project will be
concluded in 2004.
Fig. 2a:
Dynamic range of the
third-order crosscorrelator
by blocking
the fundamental and
frequency doubled
arms.
Fig. 2b:
Third-order crosscorrelation
trace of the
HFL Ti:sapphire laser.
The ASE temporal
contrast level is ~10 -7 .
15

16
Fig. 3a:
Scheme of the tunable
femtosecond light source
to be applied as a pump/
probe laser for the
TESLA FEL.
Fig. 3b:
Output pulse train of the
tunable femtosecond
pump/probe laser
By controlling the optical phase distortion
originating from a non-parabolic temperature
gradient an average power as high as 27 W
has been achieved in the gain-switched
regime. Pulses with up to 0.8 mJ and 65 fs
pulse duration at 10 kHz repetition rate have
been obtained in a single stage laser system.
The tunable pump/probe laser for the
TESLA FEL is designed for production of
trains of femtosecond pulses (Fig. 3a,b). This
time structure is demanded by the TTF FEL
which is under development at DESY. In 2003,
Other references
[1] K. Furusawa, T. M. Monro, P. Petropoulos, and D.
J. Richardson, Electron. Lett. 37, (2001) 560.
Own publications 2003
(for full titles and list of authors see appendix 1)
BHJ03: R. Bakker et al.; Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys.
Res. A 507 (2003) 210-4
GFH03: Ch. Gerth et al.; Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys.
Res. A 507 (2003) 335-9
JBE03: D. Janssen et al.; Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys.
Res. A 507 (2003) 314-7
KPG03a: P. Klopp et al.; Opt. Lett. 28 (2003) 322-4
KPG03b: P. Klopp et al.; Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 (2003)
246-8
KPGc03: P. Klopp et al.; SPIE Proc. 4968 (2003)
46-53
in press (as of Jan. 2004)
BKK: I. A. Begishev et al.; Journal of the Optical
Society of America
KPG04: P. Klopp et al.; Opt. Lett.
ZKo: N. Zhavoronkov and G. Korn; Opt. Lett.
submitted (until 21st Feb. 2004)
ASA: A. Aznar et al.; Appl. Phys. Lett.
GKGa: U. Griebner et al.; Appl. Phys. Lett.
MPA: X. Mateos et al.; IEEE J. Quantum Elect.
ZTo: N. Zhavoronkov and K. Tominaga; Opt. Lett.
a new pump laser for the OPCPA system has
been developed and installed. The pump laser
contains a precisely synchronized oscillator
and a chain of diode-pumped preamplifiers.
The installation of this new pump laser has
significantly improved the stability and the
output power of the OPCPA process.
The output energy of the Optical Parametric
Amplifier (OPA), which is the major part of the
pump/probe laser, has been increased to 70 µJ
per single pulse and to a total energy of 12 mJ
per pulse train. In addition to the installation of
the new pump laser, this has been reached by
extending the former two crystal OPA with a
third OPA stage which operates near saturation
(G~10). The third OPA amplifier stage has been
optimized to obtain a reasonably conversion
efficiency from pump to signal beam (presently:
20%).

Research focus 2
Ultrafast and Nonlinear Phenomena in Atoms, Molecules,
Clusters and Plasmas
Research focus 2 is devoted to ultrafast
and nonlinear processes in atoms, molecules,
clusters and plasma induced by short laser
pulses. It is based on four projects, which jointly
work on two main topics:
The first topic, matter in ultrastrong laser
fields, aims at the investigation of fundamental
processes in laser interaction with gas phase
and condensed matter targets, whereby field
strength (intensity) and energy of the short laser
pulse play the decisive role. Three main
research topics are in the focus of the MBI
interest: First, differential studies on multiple
ionization dynamics in atoms, molecules and
clusters using elaborate experimental
detection techniques are performed at high
and ultra-high laser intensities including those
in the relativistic regime. Second, ion/proton
generation from laser produced plasmas, in
particular fast collimated proton beams, are
investigated as a basic research topic and will
be used as novel diagnostic imaging tool for
relativistic plasma dynamics, utilizing the
unique possibility of synchronizing two
separate high-power lasers. Third, the development
of a compact coherent x-ray laser source
(x-ray laser) from a laser-driven plasma is
being pursued, utilizing recent MBI breakthrough
results in low-power pumping
schemes. Experimental activities are comprehensively
supported by theoretical work.
The second topic, studies of ultrafast
structural changes, is concerned with the
investigation of nuclear and electronic
dynamics in biologically relevant molecules
in the gas phase and in biomolecules in the
condensed phase. It relies on ultrafast pump
probe techniques to elucidate reaction
dynamics in real time.
Both topics apply the whole range of laser
technologies currently available at the MBI.
Moreover, the projects are designed to respond
fast to new laser technologies as they are
developed at the MBI, partly within the projects,
and partly in collaboration with other leading
laser facilities worldwide. The latter fact is
supported already by ongoing collaborations
with leading laser groups, for example, on
ionisation dynamics with the nowadays shortest
available few cycle laser pulses. We specifically
mention the laser research at the MBI on short
VUV and x-ray pulses and on mid infrared
pulses, which extends the range of possible
investigations substantially.
Matter in ultrastrong laser fields
(2-01, 2-02, 2-03):
A joint effort of projects 2-02 and 2-03
explores the different facets of fundamental
ionization mechanisms of gas phase targets
at non-relativistic and relativistic laser
intensities. Multiple ionization of atoms and
ions is studied with special emphasis on the
role of electron dynamics (mainly project 2-02)
and yield a detailed understanding of the
fundamental ionisation process. Recent breakthrough
results have been achieved as a result
of interdisciplinary collaborations with external
groups by novel combinations of detector and
laser equipment, and through close collaboration
with theory. Those results are the basis
for tackling laser matter interaction studies in
more complicated systems such as molecules
and clusters, performed both in projects 2-02
and 2-03 with emphasis on non-perturbative
strong-field effects and multi-photon effects,
respectively. Experimentally the projects are
closely inter-linked through sharing of
technology and knowledge on the “reaction
microscope” and on molecule and cluster
sources.
In project 2-01 highest laser fields are
applied to produce highly charged relativistic
plasmas, which will be investigated with
emphasis on ion/proton acceleration and the
formation of a collimated charged particle
beam. This beam, in turn, shall be used as a
plasma diagnostic tool, also known as
"proton imaging", to monitor processes in
laser produced relativistic plasmas. With the
synchronisation of the two MBI high field lasers
an internationally almost unique possibility is
available – to perform such investigations. The
verification of predicted phenomena on field
structures like solitons and electron currents
in the plasma is the first near-term goal. The
plasma studies will be complemented by the
development of a collisional x-ray laser based
on a transition in silver like nickel ions. Stable
lasing was already observed at yet unrivaled
low driver energies, a result of combining
several recent MBI research results in this
area. The work aims at the development of
a compact x-ray laser with high repetition
rate for applications, which require close
collaboration with project area 1 (laser
research) regarding the development of a
high-power, high-repetition rate driver laser.
17

18
Studies of ultrafast structural
changes (2-03, 2-04):
Projects 2-03 and 2-04 perform
complementary studies to gain insight into
ultrafast structural changes in molecules and
biomolecules.
The corresponding work in project 2-03 is
focussed on the investigation of photochemical
reactions of biologically relevant
systems in the gas phase, induced and probed
with low intensity short laser pulses. A particular
research focus are the excited states dynamics
of chromophore molecules embedded in small
clusters or solvent molecules. This allows the
detailed study of solvation effects in vacuo,
with particular emphasis on the key processes
of hydrogen, proton and electron transfer,
internal conversion, isomerisation and fragmentation.
The experimental methods are
based on pump-probe ionization spectroscopy
with time-resolved detection of photoelectrons
and photoions separately or in coincidence.
Recent developments also allow the direct
detection of atomic hydrogen formed by
molecular fragmentation.
The target of project 2-04 is the real time
observation of ultrafast structural changes in
molecular and biomolecular systems in the
condensed phase. Investigations focus on
structural changes due to dynamical interaction
with the surroundings such as liquid
solvents or the protein backbone and on
observations of geometrical rearrangements
due to optically triggered chemical reactions.
The main underlying experimental technique
is the ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy.
New exciting fields of structural dynamics
might be adressed, if techniques applied in
these projects are combined with near-field
microscopy or ultrafast X-ray diffraction; the
corresponding new methods are developed
in the third research focus area at the MBI.

2-01: Laser Plasma Dynamics
K. A. Janulewicz, P. V. Nickles, M. Schnuerer (Project Coordinators)
and S. Busch, P. Priebe, S. Ter-Avetisyan, J. Tümmler
1. Overview
Highly ionized plasmas by short intense
laser pulse irradiation are investigated in two
directions:
First, with ultra-intense laser pulses relativistic
plasma dynamics is studied. Here, we focus
on the investigation of ion /proton acceleration
from structured foil and microdroplet targets.
In detail, mechanisms leading to ion acceleration
and generation of ion beams with well
characterized parameters will be studied.
Using such a proton beam generated by one
laser we want to study plasma dynamic effects
in a second plasma. This radiographic method,
also called proton imaging, allows to gain
knowledge about the acceleration process
itself. Additionally, we want to investigate by
this new method field structures (solitons,
electron currents a.o.) appearing in a relativistic
plasma. Results of these basic physics investigations
open for the first time a view into such
an extreme hot, dense and well localized
plasma and are necessary as input data for
relevant simulations.
Ultra-intense laser pulse accelerated ion/
proton generation is a rapidly emerging field;
international activities started two years ago
and first results on proton imaging have been
demonstrated very recently. The progress in
this field will be determined by the access to
ultraintense lasers, sophisticated targets as
well as complex diagnostic tools. MBI is part
of a national consortium of university
laboratories and research institutions (Munich,
Düsseldorf, Jena) where this topic will be
studied over a wide range of laser parameters,
with applications in plasma physics,
astrophysics, and nuclear physics. MBI’s
contributions arise from the unique possibility
of synchronized operation of two separate
high-field lasers, each of which has internationally
competitive pulse characteristics,
and from the ongoing research and results on
the plasma dynamics of laser irradiated lowdensity
targets.
We have started our research by
investigating the ion/proton acceleration in
isolated microdroplets. Using newly developed
high resolution diagnostic on the base of
Thomson spectrometers we could demonstrate
some unexpected emission characteristics of
the ions/protons. This studies will be continued
and the results compared with PIC
simulations.
Two MBI high field lasers (a 1ps, >5J CPA
glass laser and the 35 fs, ~1 J Ti:Sa laser) are
to be synchronized with 1 ps accuracy during
the next year and the same are basis the
experiments in the near future. This setup is
unique world-wide.
The second sub-project is concerned with
research on optimum plasma conditions for
compact (table-top) so called “X-ray lasers”,
working in the EUV-region around 10-13nm.
The main long-term goal of the project is an Xray
laser with a practically useful average
power of ~1 mW .
A nickel-like silver X-ray laser operating
on the 4d-4p transition at the wavelength of
13.9 nm has been chosen as the main research
object and as a scheme for future development.
This wavelength is very close to the future
industrially important EUV-lithography wavelength
at 13.4 nm. Hence, a mutual benefit
between the planned x-ray laser and EUV
lithography in the area of diagnostics (optical
component quality control, interferometry etc.)
and availability of optical components for new
applications is expected.
Using previous MBI results and expertise
in x-ray laser research, together with recent
2002/2003 results on the characterization of
the single shot XRL output, a repetitive
operation mode at 10 Hz applying the MBI
Ti:Sa laser will be the first stage on the way
towards the long-term project goal. Realization
of a kHz repetitive silver X-ray laser will require
parallel development of a driving laser replacing
the current multi-Joule glass-laser by a modern,
diode pumped system with pulse energies at
the Joule-level, but high repetition rate.
The X-ray laser realised on this way is
foreseen for applications taking advantage of
its narrow spectral bandwidth and good spatial
coherence of its emission. Plasma interferometry
is especially promising and important
application. On the other hand, narrow spectral
bandwidth and high photon number together
with high photon energy makes this source
also very attractive for specific spectroscopic
applications. Using such a source for
spectroscopy of highly charged heavy ions is
matter of a joint project with the GSI Darmstadt.
Such a compact soft x-ray source with high
repetition rate will be a valuable tool
complementary in many aspects to future
large-scale short-wavelength FELs (Free
Electron Lasers).
19

20
Fig.1:
Proton emission from a
single droplet and microdroplets
in a spray. The
emission is recorded
with a MCP-Thomson-
Spectrometer using a
single laser pulse with
about 40 fs and
10 19 W/cm 2 .
Fig. 2:
Near-field image of the
X-ray laser beam. The
output energy of ~5 µJ
corresponds to 10 11
photons in a single pulse.
The beam has a diameter
of about 50 µm.
The intense central part
is here splitted by the
wires of the filter support,
which are visiblle
only in diagnostics.
Many groups worldwide focus their activity
on this topic. Presence at the forefront requires
permanent access to suitable pump lasers.
Therefore, a part of the group activity is devoted
to active development of such a driving laser.
2. Subprojects
Research in this project is structured in two
major subprojects:
UP1: Investigation of relativistic laser plasmas
with MeV-proton beam imaging
Collaborations: Univ. Düsseldorf, Univ. Jena,
LMU München, MPQ Garching: Joint project
proposals for ion acceleration and proton
imaging, including applications in plasma
diagnostics, astrophysics and nuclear physics.
UP2: Coherent XUV-radiation from laser
plasmas (X-ray lasers) and its optimization
for applications
Collaborations: T. Kühl, GSI Darmstadt,
Development of an x-ray laser for heavy-ion
spectroscopy at the GSI;
Prof. H Fiedorowicz, Warsaw, Development of
gas targets for x-ray lasers;
Prof. A Zigler, Jerusalem; Guiding in capillary
targets for x-ray lasers;
Prof. G.J. Pert, York, Numerical modelling of Xray
lasers;
UK XRL Consortium, LIXAM Paris, PALS
Prague, Univ. Bern: Joint European Project
proposal for table-top X-ray lasers.
3. Results in 2003
In the project part related to the relativistic
plasma physics we have obtained two
important results which are relevant to the
physics of proton acceleration with ultraintense
laser fields. In contrast to the previously
reported in the literature smooth proton (and
ion) energy distribution, we observed with our
high-resolution single-shot diagnostic specific
breaks or dips in proton spectra extending to
energies of 1.4 MeV. Such an effect can be
explained by an self-similar plasma expansion
model assuming two components of the electron
temperature. At present we are investigating
validity of this model for our experimental
parameters and developing a new model
scenario, including also the influence of
different ion species. First PIC simulation
regarding this topic have been started.
This new observation was registered for
different target systems such as single water
droplets [BTS03,TSB] with a diameter of 20
micron and a spray of an ensemble of microspheres
(droplets) having a diameter of 150 nm
each. In Fig.1 we depict two proton spectra of
these target systems. Well pronounced dips
are seen. We could also demonstrate for the
first time proton emission with energy above
1 MeV from isolated micro-targets having an
extension several times below the laser wavelength
[BTS03,TSB]. This was possible with a
newly developed spray source [STB]. These
data is especially interesting concerning recent
predictions on the laser energy conversion to
protons of high kinetic energy while very tiny
solid objects are exposed to extreme intense
laser light.
All these experiments are very sensitive to
the laser pulse parameters and especially the
laser pulse contrast is a crucial parameter in
relativistic-laser-intensity matter interaction
(see relevant activities in projects 4.02, 1.02
and SHARP (EU)). The obtained proton
emission from the spray target indicates that
during propagation of the high intensity laser
pulse the temporal contrast of the leading
pulse front changes. The pulse contrast of
about 10 -7 prevents high-intensity laser interaction
with a small object at high density. The
investigation of the processes involved will
help to find suitable laser-target concepts
supporting need of low laser energy for the
envisioned proton imaging studies in the MeV
range.

Within the sub-project “X-ray laser” the
output parameters of a Ni-like Ag soft X-ray
laser has been measured and estimated. The
beam parameters such as divergence, intensity
distribution (Fig.2) spatial coherence and output
energy have been quantitatively defined.
It was found that at the divergence of 3 mrad
and the output energy of 3-5 µJ conservatively
estimated contribution of highly coherent
photons was between 1 and 10 % [LJK]. The
total number of photons in a single shot was
about 10 11 .
The output characteristics determined as
a function of the pump parameters have shown
that the pump energy lower than 1 J is sufficient
to obtain the emission spectrum dominated
by the lasing line [JLP03].
On the other hand, investigation on the
capillary confined plasmas delivered
additional information on physics of interaction
of a strong-field radiation with an underdense
plasma [JBL03]. A qualitative condition [JBL03]
for the length of the confined plasma as an
active medium has been formulated.
Own Publications 2003 ff
(for full titles and list of authors see appendix 1)
BTS03: S. Busch et al.; Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003)
3354-6
GRR: R. A. Ganeev et al.; Opt. Commun. 225 (2003)
131-9
JBL03: K. A. Janulewicz et al.; J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20
(2003) 215-20
JLP03: K. A. Janulewicz et al.; Phys. Rev. A 68 (2003)
051802-5
JLS03: K. A: Janulewicz et al.; Laser Technology VII:
Progress in Lasers, SPIE Proceedings 5230
(2003) 189-94
RGR03: A. I. Ryasnyanskiy et al.; Fullerenes,
Nanotubes, and Carbon Nanostructures 12
(2003) 333-9
TSS03: S. Ter-Avetisyan et al.; J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
36 (2003) 2421-6
in press (as of Jan. 2004)
BST: S. Busch et al.; Appl. Phys. B
JLP: K. A. Janulewicz et al.; X-ray Spectrometry
JPL: K. A. Janulewicz et al.; SPIE Proc.
LJK: A. Lucianetti et al.; Opt. Lett.
NJP: P. V. Nickles et al.; SPIE Proc.
NJS: P. V. Nickles et al.; in Strong laser field physics
STB: M. Schnürer et al.; Appl. Phys. B
submitted (until 21st Febr. 2004)
Jan: K. A. Janulewicz; X-ray Spectrometry
JNK: K. A. Janulewicz et al.; Phys. Rev. A
RCF: H. Ruhl et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett.
RCG: H. Ruhl et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett.
Ruha: H. Ruhl; Phys. Rev. Lett.
Ruhb: H. Ruhl; Phys. Rev. Lett.
TSB: S. Ter-Avetisyan et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett.
21

22
2-02: Ionization dynamics in intense laser fields
W. Becker, U. Eichmann, H. Rottke (Project coordinators)
and D. Bauer, E. Eremina , S. Gerlach, E. Gubbini, H. Hetzheim, R. Jung, Th. Kwapien, X. Liu, M. Piantek
1. Overview
The project aims at the comprehensive
analysis of basic interaction mechanisms of
isolated atoms/ions, molecules and clusters
with intense laser fields.
Experimental work concentrates on the
investigation of ionization processes at light
intensities between 10 14 W/cm 2 and 10 20 W/cm 2 .
It focuses on the significance and the
manifestations of electron-electron correlation,
the influence of relativistic effects on multiple
ionization and on the manipulation of multiple
ionization processes via laser pulse
characteristics. In particular, few-cycle pulses
with stabilized carrier-envelope phase and
defined state of polarization will be applied as
well as two-color pulses, which typically consist
of an (intense) infrared laser pulse with an
ultrashort high-order harmonic superimposed.
The latter can be timed with respect to the
former. The physics is dominated by the interplay
between tunneling processes, free electron
motion and electron-ion collisions in the presence
of time-dependent external fields. Furthermore,
research is focused on the interaction
between correlated electron dynamics in tightly
bound inner shells and relativistic laser fields.
The investigations will be extended to ionic
targets. In particular, a setup to create lasercooled
ionic targets in a linear Paul trap is under
construction, where single ions will be ionized
by ultra-high intensity fields form the MBI Ti:Sa
laser in order to study multiple ionization in
highly charged ions. The target ion will remain
cooled through sympathetic cooling from the
neighboring singly-ionized ions in the trap.
Theoretical work concentrates on the
description of intense-laser atom processes in
terms of the “S-matrix” together with the "strongfield
approximation". As applications, single and
multiple ionization of atoms and molecules are
considered, at intensities reaching up into the
relativistic regime. For the interaction of lasers
with clusters a wide range of methods is utilized:
simple models, classical-trajectory calculations
and time-dependent density-functional
methods.
The long term perspective of this project,
which relies on a strong interplay between
theoretical and experimental investigations,
is a detailed and complete understanding of
strong field multiple ionization processes.
2. Subprojects and Collaborations
UP1: Dynamics of strong field multiple
ionization
Collaborations with H. Walther (Max-Planck
Institut für Quantenoptik) and G. G. Paulus
(MPQ, now College Station, TX), F. Krausz (TU
Vienna and MPQ), P.Agostini (Humboldtresearch
award), T. F. Gallagher (University of
Virginia), G.von Oppen (TU Berlin);
Joint DFG funded project with R. Moshammer
and J. Ullrich (Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik);
DFG funded project within the DFG Schwerpunkt
“Wechselwirkung intensiver Laserfelder
mit Materie”;
Joint DFG funded project with G. von Oppen
(TU Berlin) on laser cooling of metastable
helium, which uses the laser infrastructure
(cw-cooling lasers) of the ion trapping activity.
Collaborations on theory projects with D. B.
Milosevic (University of Sarajevo) (Volkswagen-
Stiftung-supported project), H. Schomerus
(MPIPKS), C.Faria (Univ. Hannover).
In-house collaboration with M. Zhavoronkov
and project 2.03, project 2.01 and with the HFL
application laboratory.
UP2: High intensity laser-cluster interaction
Collaboration with D.F. Zaretsky, S.V. Fomichev
(Kurchatov Institut, Moskau), S.V. Popruzhenko
(Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (State
University)) (DFG-supported project), A. Macchi,
F. Ceccherini (Pisa University).
In house with project 2-03 on cluster in strong
laser fields (A. Stalmashonak, M. Zvavarankau,
M. Boyle, C. P. Schulz).
3. Results in 2003
UP1: Dynamics of strong field multiple
ionization
Molecular structure and e - correlation in
strong field double ionization: The influence
of the structure of simple diatomic molecules
on the final state electron momentum
correlation after non-sequential double
ionization [ELR03] has been investigated. The
experiment used the MBI reaction microscope,
developed in cooperation with the MPI
Heidelberg group, and a short-pulse (35 fs)
Ti:sapphire laser system with 100 kHz
repetition rate developed at the MPQ [1]. It
allowed us to reach light intensities of up to
2.5 x 10 14 W/cm 2 . The high repetition rate of

this laser system is optimally suited for the
highly differential coincident electron-ion
momentum spectroscopy studies possible
with the reaction microscope.
In summary, the momentum correlation of
the two photoelectrons from non-sequential
double ionization of O 2 and N 2 shows a
completely different structure (Fig. 1). On the
assumption that double ionization of both
molecules is initiated by the electron recollision
mechanism we were able to trace
the difference back to the symmetry
characteristics of the initial state single particle
orbitals (O 2 ungerade and N 2 gerade) from
where the two electrons are removed [ELR03].
This was achieved by a classical model
developed at MBI. It is based on a classical
analog of the corresponding quantum
mechanical S-matrix [FLB]. The main features
of the experimental correlation are reproduced
by this model for both molecules. The
differences found are due to differing scattering
interference induced by the initial state orbital.
In the context of S-matrix calculations of
the momentum correlation the Coulomb
repulsion between the two electrons in the final
state was incorporated into the theory. In
general it does not improve agreement
between theory and experiment. Agreement
is best, at least for neon, for the very simplest
model, which describes the electron-electron
interaction, by which the returning electron
dislodges the bound electron, by a three-body
contact interaction disregarding the subsequent
Coulomb repulsion [FLB,FLS].
Classical cutoff laws that govern NSDI have
been established [MBeb].
Atoms in relativistic laser fields: The
generation of high harmonics in relativistic
laser fields has been theoretically investigated
[MBe03a] . As expected, emission of ultrahighorder
harmonics is strongly suppressed
compared with the nonrelativistic calculation,
since the rescattering mechanism becomes
inefficient owing to the E x B drift. In parallel,
only one orbit starts to dominate so that
interference effects no longer play a role.
Laser intensity dependent ion yields in rare
gases have been measured to obtain
information on the ionization process for laser
intensities, where the transition from the non
relativistic to the relativistic regime takes place.
It has been observed in Ne and Kr, that the
rescattering mechanism is already substantially
suppressed in the intensity range between
10 17 W/cm 2 and 10 18 W/cm 2 .
Atoms in resonant laser fields: As a side
result we mention that for new spectroscopic
data of a highly excited two electron system in
weak resonant laser fields the commonly
accepted Fano theory [2] on configuration
interaction has been found to be incomplete
to describe the spectra and has been reformulated
accordingly [EGK03].
Few Cycle pulses: Highly nonlinear processes
in laser-irradiated atoms, such as
above-threshold ionization (ATI), high-order
harmonic generation, and nonsequential
double ionization are being reinvestigated with
the help of laser pulses that consist of just a
few cycles. Besides their carrier frequency,
peak intensity, and length, such pulses depend
on one additional parameter: the relative
phase between the maximum of the pulse
envelope and the nearest maximum of the
carrier wave. The value of this phase crucially
determines the shape of the few-cycle pulse
and the effects it causes in a highly nonlinear
interaction. For example, the plateau in the
angle-resolved energy spectrum of high-order
ATI dramatically depends on this "absolute
phase".
We have carried out calculations of the
high-order ATI spectrum that, by comparison
with an experimental spectrum, allow one to
determine the actual value of the absolute
phase. High-order above-threshold ionization
spectra have been calculated in the context of
the strong-field approximation for few-cycle
pulses with specified carrier-envelope phase
as a function of the latter. Comparison with the
experimental data allows the determination
of the carrier-envelope phase in a given
experimental run. Characteristic interference
effects can be traced to particular classical
orbits [MPB03b,MPB03,MPB c].
Fig. 1:
Final state electron
momentum correlation
after strong field nonsequential
double
ionisation of O 2 and N 2
at light intensities of
1.7 x 10 14 W/cm 2 (O 2 )
and 1.5 x 10 14 W/cm 2
(N 2 ). Shown is the
momentum component
parallel to the light
polarization axis.
23

24
Fig. 2:
Probability of abovethreshold
ionization of
krypton by a Ti:Sa 4cycle
sine-square pulse
with intensity 10 14 W/cm 2
as a function of the
electron energy. The
absolute phase is f=0°,
and the spectra are for
the two detector position
theta=0° circle (dashed
curve) and theta=180°
(solid curve) opposite to
each other along the
polarization axis of the
laser field.
UP2: High intensity laser-cluster interaction
Our theoretical work focuses on the
ionization dynamics of rare gas clusters in
strong laser fields, especially the complex
interplay between inner and outer ionization,
and on the mechanisms of laser energy
absorption in such systems.
Mie surface plasmon resonance: In the year
2003 particular attention was payed to the nonlinear
excitation of the Mie surface plasmonresonance
via the third harmonic of the driving
laser field, to the collective electron dynamics
inside clusters, and to a self-consistent treatment
of the inneratomic dynamics in molecular
dynamics simulations of laser-cluster interaction.
Under typical conditions the Mie frequency
is around 5 eV, about three times the Ti:Sa laser
frequency, which suggests that three-photon
excitation of the Mie resonance plays a role. This
surmise is supported by a model that treats the
electron cloud inside the cluster as an incompressible
fluid [FZP03a,FZP03b] as well as
by classical-trajectory calculations. The models
predict a strong presence of the third harmonic
in the electric field inside the cluster, which should
be visible in the scattered radiation and might
enhance the generation of high charge states.
Dynamical ionization ignition: A dynamical
version of the well-known ionization ignition
mechanism in clusters was revealed by timedependent
density functional theory simulations
of a one-dimensional model cluster [BMa03]. A
bouncing wave packet was found to build up
inside the cluster that is driven into resonance
with respect to the laser field and thus leads to
both efficient absorption of laser energy and
increased ionization. This "dynamical ionization
ignition" scenario is supported by threedimensional,
semi-classical molecular dynamics
calculations where the inner atomic dynamics
of many-electron atoms is treated explicitly
[Baua].
Other references
[1] F. Lindner, G. G. Paulus, F. Grasbon, A. Dreischuh,
and H. Walther, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 38, 1465
(2002)
[2] U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961)
Own publications 2003 ff
(for full titles and list of authors see appendix 1)
AFF03: O. A. Castro Alvaredo et al.; Phys. Rev. B 67
(2003) 125405-14
BCe03: D. Bauer and F. Ceccherini; Laser Phys. 13
(2003) 475-83
BGK03: W. Becker et al.; in Many-particle quantum
dynamics in atomic and molecular fragmentation
(2003) Vol. 35, 185-204
BMa03: D. Bauer and A. Macchi; Phys. Rev. A 68
(2003) 033201/1-10
CBC03: F. Ceccherini et al.; Phys. Rev. A 68 (2003)
053402/1-9
EGK03: U. Eichmann et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003)
233004-1/1-4
ELR03: E. Eremina et al.; Journal of Physics B-Atomic
Molecular and Optical Physics 36 (2003) 3269-80
FBe03: C. Figueira de Morisson Faria and W.
Becker; Laser Phys. 13 (2003) 1196-204
FZP03a: S. V. Fomichev et al.; Optics Express 11
(2003) 2433-9
FZP03b: S. V. Fomichev et al.; J. Phys. B: At. Mol.
Opt. Phys. 36 (2003) 3817-34
GKP03: S. P. Goreslavski et al.; J. Mod. Opt. 50
(2003) 423-40
JGO03: R. Jung et al.; in Interactions in ultracold
gases: from atoms to molecules (2003) 394-8
JGS03: R. Jung et al.; Eur. Phys. J. D 23 (2003)
415-9
KBM03: R. Kopold et al.; Phys. Scr. 68 (2003) C76-81
MBe03a: D. B. Milosevic and W. Becker; J. Mod. Opt.
50 (2003) 375-86
MGB03a: D. B. Milosevic et al.; Phys. Rev. A 68
(2003) 050702-5
MPB03: D. B. Milosevic et al.; Optics Express 11
(2003) 1418-29
MPB03b: D. B. Milosevic et al.; Laser Phys. 13 (2003)
948-58
MUF03a: R. Moshammer et al.; J. Phys. B: At. Mol.
Opt. Phys. 36 (2003) L113-9
MUF03b: R. Moshammer et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett. 91
(2003) 113002/1-4
Rot03: H. Rottke; in Many-particle quantum
dynamics in atomic and molecular fragmentation
(2003) Vol. 35, 317-38
in press (as of Jan. 2004)
Bau: D. Bauer; Laser Part. Beams
Baua: D. Bauer; Appl. Phys. B
FRo: C. Figueira de Morisson Faria and I. Rotter;
Laser Phys.
MBe b: D. B. Milosevic and W. Becker; Phys. Rev. A
SBe: M. B. Smirnov and W. Becker; Phys. Rev. A
submitted (until 21st Febr. 2004)
ELR: E. Eremina et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett.
FLB: C. Figueira de Morisson Faria et al.; Phys. Rev.
Lett.
FLS: C. Figueira de Morisson Faria et al.; Phys. Rev. A
LFa: X. Liu and C. Figueira de Morisson Faria; Phys.
Rev. Lett.
MPBc: D. B. Milosevic et al.; Laser Physics Letters

2-03: Free clusters and molecules
W. Radloff, T. Schultz (since 2003/06/01), C. P. Schulz (Project coordinators)
and H.-H. Ritze, V. Stert (until 30.7.03), M. Boyle, H. Lippert, I. Shchatsinin (since 15.9.03)
1. Overview
The general goal of this project is to understand
ultrafast, laser induced processes in
isolated molecules and molecular clusters in
the gas phase and – as far as possible – to
control these dynamics using laser methods.
The following themes are presently in the
focus of the research activities: With low
intensity laser fields elementary photochemical
reactions [1] in prototypes of biologically
relevant systems are initiated and probed in
the time domain. Research focuses here on
the photo induced, excited state dynamics of
chromophore molecules such as amino acids
or DNA bases embedded in small clusters of
solvent molecules (e.g. water or ammonia).
Hydrogen, proton and electron transfer, internal
conversion, isomerisation and fragmentation
are the key processes studied.
At larger laser intensities (up to 10 16 W/cm 2 )
finite systems [2] such as C 60 and clusters of
water or ammonia molecules are the model
objects of interest. The complex nonadiabatic
multielectron dynamics (NMED) induced in
such fields leads to multielectron excitation,
(multiple) ionization, fragmentation and rearrangement.
Understanding the energy
relaxation and redistribution between the
electronic and nuclear system is crucial for
modelling and manipulating the subsequent
formation of highly excited neutral Rydberg
states, multiply ionized states and fragmentation.
Finally, Coulomb explosion and hydrodynamic
cluster expansion are expected as a
final stage at very high intensities.
As a long term perspective optimal control
of specific physical and chemical reactions
in large finite systems – both in the linear
and highly nonlinear intensity regime – is
envisaged.
2. Subprojects and Collaborations
UP1: Photochemical elementary reactions
in biologically relevant systems: solvation,
hydrogen-, proton- and electron-transfer.
Partially the project is complementary to MBI
project 2-04 (Dynamics of biomolecules in
condensed phase). Part of this work is a project
(TP A4) of the DFG Collaborative Research
Center “Analysis and Control of ultrafast,
photoinduced reactions” (SFB 450).
UP2: Finite systems in moderately strong
laser fields (up to 10 16 W/cm 2 ): nonadiabatic
electron dynamics and nuclear motion.
Close collaboration with project 2-02 (experimental
expertise in dynamical imaging,
processes, theoretical exchange on strong
field ionization). This work is a project (TP A2)
of the DFG Collaborative Research Center
“Analysis and Control of ultrafast, photoinduced
reactions” (SFB 450).
3. Results in 2003
In 2003 we have finished our studies concerning
the control of the intracluster harpooning
reaction in Ba...FCH 3 by vibrationally
selective excitation of the cluster in the electronic
ground state. In the experiment a fs laser pulse
at 3.4 μm (for excitation of the C-H vibrational
mode) was irradiated 1ps prior to the pump pulse
at 745 nm or 618 nm. The BaF product formation
rate has been considerably increased for
irradiation of Ba…FCH 3 whereas for Ba…FCD 3
no effect is measurable. By comparing the experimental
results with corresponding
theoretical estimations the potentials and
limitations of this method have been elucidated.
Further efforts were directed to the H(D) atom
transfer reaction in the biologically relevant
system of the indole chromophore embedded
in clusters of polar molecules like ammonia and
Fig. 1:
Photoelectron spectra at
different delay times τ
between pump (263 nm)
and probe (400 nm)
+
pulses for indole(NH ) 3 1
(a) and indole(NH 3 ) 4
+ (b).
The arrows denote the
maximum electron
energies for one or two
probe photon ionization.
25

26
Fig. 2:
Time-dependent C +
signal formed by irradiation
of C 60 at 400 nm
(pump) and ionization at
800 nm (probe). Pump
and probe pulse
intensities are nearly
equal (5*10 12 W/cm 2 ).
For positive delay times,
the blue pulse is leading
the read pulse.
water. For the different isotopomers the dynamics
and energetics have been analysed for the first
time on the fs/ps time scale. For indole(NH ) 3 n
clusters the different process steps were assigned
by applying the time-resolved photoelectron
spectroscopy [LSH03b]. In Fig. 1a the first very
fast step – the internal conversion from the ππ*
into the dark πσ* state – is demonstrated by the
+ decay of the indole(NH ) signal between τ = 0
3 1
and τ = 250 fs. The change of the cluster geometry
+ is reflected for indole(NH ) by the rise of the
3 4
electron spectra on the ps-time scale. (Fig. 1b)
For the indole(H 2 O) n clusters no H-transfer
reaction could be detected, probably due to
the endothermic character of the reaction
[LSH03d]. The drastic difference between the
indole-ammonia and indole-water cluster
systems has been confirmed by ab initio
based calculations of the heterodimers [RLS].
According to the general theoretical models
which describe the crucial role of the πσ* state
also for the photoinduced dynamics of larger
biologically relevant systems (e.g. DNA bases),
the results obtained for the indole chromophore
can be treated as decisive for the whole class
of aromatic biological molecules with the azin(NH)
group and, thus, will be a basis of our further
studies.
In 2003 we have performed two-color pumpprobe
experiments to get further insight into
the ionisation and fragmentation dynamics of
C after multi photon absorption of fs light
60
pulses. In these experiments the pump pulse at
400 nm mainly excites one or more electrons.
The thus initiated multielectron dynamics
is probed by an 800 nm pulse which further
excites and ionises the C parent and resulting
60
fragments by a multi photon process. Figure 2
shows as one example the formation of a C +
fragment. Two different time scales can clearly
be identified: a “fast” component (620 fs), which
can be attributed to the electron phonon coupling
time, and a much slower component with a time
constant of 5 to 10 ps. This observation also seen
+ for other small fragments (C , n=2,3) points
n
towards very interesting dynamics happening
on short time scales, which is in contrast to the
commonly observed evaporation of C 2 -units with
a time constant of nano- to microseconds.
Two-color pump-probe spectroscopy has
also been used to investigate the population
dynamics of C 60 Rydberg states, which were
discovered recently [3]. In agreement with
theoretical work [1, 2], multielectron excitation
of a “doorway” state coupled to vibrational
modes of the molecule plays a key role in the
response of C 60 to short-pulse laser radiation
[BHS]. Recently, correlated angular- and timeresolved
photoelectron and photoion detection
has been started. The results promise to give
more detailed information on the energetics and
ultrafast dynamics involved in the excitation cascade.
The control of specific energy relaxation
pathways by using shaped pulses and pulse
sequences is currently and in future of special
interest.
Other references
[1] W. S. Zhu et al., J. Chem. Phys. 118 (2003) 6751
[2] G. P. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. B 68 (2003) 152003
[3] M. Boyle et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 273401
Own publications 2003 ff
(for full titles and list of authors see appendix 1)
HHC03: K. Hansen et al.; J. Chem. Phys. 119 (2003)
2513-22
LSH03a: H. Lippert et al.; in Ultrafast Phenomena
(2003) 110-2
LSH03b: H. Lippert et al.; J. Phys. Chem. A 107
(2003) 8239-50
LSH03c: H. Lippert et al.; Chem. Phys. Lett. 371
(2003) 208-16
LSH03d: H. Lippert et al.; Chem. Phys. Lett. 376
(2003) 40-8
SBS03: C. P. Schulz et al.; J. Chem. Phys. 119 (2003)
11620-9
in press (as of Jan. 2004)
LSSa: H. Lippert et al.; in Femtochemistry VI;
Femtochemistry and Femtobiology: Ultrafast
Events in Molecular Science
RLS: H.-H. Ritze et al.; J. Chem. Phys.
SSH: C. P. Schulz et al.; Isr. J. Chem.
SCS04: C. P. Schulz et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett.
USZ: S. Ullrich et al.; J Am. Chem. Soc.
submitted (until 21st Febr. 2004)
BHS: M. Boyle et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett.
LSSb: H. Lippert et al.; Phys .Chem. Chem. Phys.
SES: C. Stanciu et al.; SPIE Proc.
SLR: V. Stert et al.; Chem. Phys. Lett.
SUQ: T. Schultz et al.; in Femtochemistry IV, Ultrafast
Molecular Events in Chemistry and Biology

2-04: Molecular Vibrational and Reaction Dynamics in the Condensed Phase
E.T.J. Nibbering (Project coordinator)
and D. Leupold, B. Voigt, W. Werncke, J. Dreyer, K. Heyne, V. Kozich, A. Usman, N. Huse,
O. F. Mohammed, M. Rini
1. Overview
The aim of the project is the real-time
determination of the ultrafast structural
dynamics of molecular and biomolecular
systems. The first main target is the
determination of the structures while they
explore the energy landscapes. These energy
landscapes are not static but fluctuating due
to the dynamical interactions of these
structures with the surroundings (such as liquid
solvent shells, or the protein backbone). The
ultrafast nature of these fluctuations necessitate
femtosecond time resolution for the
structure-resolving spectroscopic techniques.
The second main target is the determination
of biomolecular structures that undergo
substantial geometric rearrangements induced
by optically triggered chemical reactions
(photochemistry). Chemical reactions studied
include hydrogen and proton transfer, electron
transfer, bond fission, ring-opening/closure
and cis/trans isomerizations.
2. Subprojects and Cooperations
Research in this project is structured into
three major subprojects:
UP1: Coherent vibrational response of
hydrogen bonds,
UP2: Ultrafast chemical reaction dynamics,
UP3: Vibrational energy flow.
Connections can be made with the following
MBI-projects:
UP2 & UP3: project 2.03 (Radloff et al.) for
comparison with chemical reaction dynamics
of model systems in gas/cluster phase.
External collaborations exist with:
UP1: J. Manz/O. Kühn (Freie Universität Berlin)
through SFB 450;
S. Mukamel (University of Rochester/University
of California at Irvine, USA).
UP2: E. Pines (Ben Gurion University of the
Negev, Chemistry, Israel) through GIF 722/01;
H. Fidder (Uppsala Universitet, Sweden);
Tomasz Zemojtel (University of Wuerzburg);
P. Kozlowski (University of Louisville, Kentucky,
USA);
J. Korppi-Tommola (University of Jyväskylä,
Finland).
UP3: V. Orlovich (Academy of Sciences
Belarus, Minsk) through DFG WE 1489 and
WTZ.
3. Results in 2003
UP1: Coherent response in hydrogen bonds
(SFB 450-B2)
The purpose of this project is to understand
the coherent dynamics of O-H/O-D stretching
modes in hydrogen bonds, with which one can
explore the potential of optically steering
proton transfer. Coherent nuclear motions as
well as processes of phase and population
relaxation in intramolecular hydrogen bonds
are studied experimentally by ultrafast infrared
pump-probe and photon echo spectroscopy
[SMH03, NE04]. Within the collaborative
research centre SFB450 a collaboration exists
with the quantum chemistry group at the Freie
Universität Berlin to elucidate the mechanisms
that underlie these hydrogen bonded O-H/O-
D stretching band line shapes.
Hydrogen bonded carboxylic groups are
structural motifs that often stabilize protein
conformations, and play a fundamental role
in proton pumps through membranes. We use
the cyclic acetic acid dimer as a model system
to investigate the coherence properties of O-
H/O-D stretching vibrations in intermolecular
hydrogen bonds. The steady-state infrared line
shape of acetic acid dimer is determined by
the following interactions of the O-H/O-D
stretching modes: a) anharmonic coupling with
low-frequency modes that modulate the
hydrogen bond distance; b) Davydov or
excitonic coupling between the O-H stretching
oscillators; c) Fermi resonances with overtones
or combination bands; d) homogeneous or
inhomogeneous broadening due to coupling
with a fluctuating bath.
The different coupling mechanisms can be
grasped with nonlinear infrared spectroscopy
[EHH04]. We have demonstrated for the first
time coherent nuclear motions of intermolecular
hydrogen bonds [HHN03a, HHN03b]. For
cyclic acetic acid dimers consisting of identical
or different isotopomers, we have found that
that two hydrogen bond low-frequency modes
underlie pronounced oscillations in the pumpprobe
transients, the 145 cm -1 in-plane bending
mode, and the 170 cm -1 in-plane stretching
mode. A weaker contribution of 50 cm -1 is
caused by a methyl torsion mode. Oscillatory
signals due to the Davydov (excitonic)
coupling between the two O-H or O-D
stretching oscillators are completely absent
in the pump-probe signals, as has
experimentally been confirmed by comparing
27

28
Fig. 1:
Two-pulse infrared
photon-echo results for
the cyclic dimer
(CH 3 COOH) 2 (solid line)
and the mixed dimer
CD 3 COOH - CD 3 COOD
(dash-dotted line). These
signals demonstrate the
rapid coherence decay
caused by the lowfrequency
mode quantum
beats. The signal in the
pure solvent CCl 4
(dashed line) indicates
the temporal resolution.
The inset shows the
three pulse stimulated
echo peak shift recorded
on (CH 3 COOH) 2 showing
the dominant homogeneous
broadening.
Fig. 2:
Three-stage mechanism
for a general acid-base
reaction. The rate
constants have been
derived from fitting the
femtosecond infrared
measurements by use
of the Debye-von
Smoluchowski model
with Collins-Kimball
radiative boundary
condition.
the response of (CD 3 COOH) 2 with that of
CD 3 COOH-CD 3 COOD. In addition, selection
rule analysis has shown that quantum beats
by the two Davydov-shifted progressions do
not contribute to pump-probe signals.
Due to the intrinsic complex Franck-
Condon progression pattern in the absorption
line shape, a multitude of coherences are
generated by femtosecond excitation. In 2-pulse
photon echo experiments we demonstrate that
quantum beats due to anharmonic coupling
with the two low-frequency modes lead to a
rapid coherence decay of the O-H stretching
vibration, thereby masking the dephasing of
to the individual transitions (Fig. 1). The line
broadening of an individual transition is predominantly
due to homogeneous dephasing
(T 2 ~ 200 fs) [HHD03].
With two-colour pump-probe spectroscopy
we have been able to study the anharmonic
coupling of the O-H stretching mode with the
C-O and C=O stretching and O-H bending
modes and relaxation pathways that are
expected to take place through the overtone
and combination bands of these fingerprint
vibrations that couple with the O-H stretching
mode through Fermi resonances [HHN03].
Anharmonic coupling causes pronounced
absorption changes of the bending mode upon
excitation of the O-H stretching mode, without
involving relaxation induced excess populations
of the infrared active bending mode.
UP2: Ultrafast chemical reaction dynamics
(GIF 722/01 and EU User Facility funds)
Photoinduced chemical transformations
are studied by measuring transient vibrational
spectra after electronic excitation. Site-specific
molecular geometries and processes such as
intramolecular vibrational redistribution and
vibrational cooling are revealed.
We have studied excited state intramolecular
hydrogen transfer [RKD03,RDN03]
and intermolecular proton transfer [RMP03,
RMM04]. For the latter case, a joint effort
between the MBI and the Ben Gurion
University of the Negev (Beer-Sheva, Israel),
we have observed bimodal reaction dynamics
in the neutralization reaction between the
photoacid pyranine and the base acetate in
water. In hydrogen-bonded acid-base
complexes, the proton transfer proceeds
extremely fast (within 150 femtoseconds). In
encounter pairs formed by diffusion of
uncomplexed photoacid and base molecules,
the reaction upon contact was an order of
magnitude slower. These results call for a
refinement of the traditional Eigen-Weller
picture of acid-base reactions: a three stage
model has been proposed to account for all
observed dynamics (Fig. 2).
In a joint effort between the MBI and the
University of Uppsala (Sweden), in which the
ultrafast ring-opening dynamics of the photochromic
switch pair spiropyran-merocyanine
has been studied, we have demonstrated that
femtosecond infrared spectroscopy enables
the determination of the solvent-dependent
quantum yield of the fraction of photoexcited
spiropyran molecules that by internal
conversion return to the initial ground state
[RHN03]. We have shown that large
conformational changes upon electronic
excitation can be the cause for the observed
ultrafast time scale and energy gap
dependence of the internal conversion process
[RFN04]. We have found solvent-dependent
formation times of merocyanine product
species [HRN03].
In a project by the MBI, the University of
Würzburg, the European Molecular Biology
Laboratory in Heidelberg (all Germany) and
the University of Louisville (Kentucky, USA) we
have used femtosecond infrared polarization
spectroscopy and density functional theory in
a study on the key signaling molecule nitric
oxide (NO) bound to myoglobin [ZRH04]. Our
results show that after photolysis a substantial
fraction of NO recombines within the first few
picoseconds. The diatomic ligand is severely

tilted in the protein and the Fe-NO moiety is
able to sample a wide range of off-axis tilting
and bending conformations.
In a femtosecond study of the light-induced
CO-ligand dissociation from Ru(dcbpy)(CO) 2 I 2
(a collaboration between the MBI and the
University of Jyväskylä, Finland) we have
observed that besides the formation of
photoproduct on a picosecond time scale a
significant fraction follows the efficient
recombination pathway to the electronic
ground state [LAM04].
UP3: Vibrational energy flow (DFG WE 1489/
5 and WTZ- BLR 02/003)
The aim is to identify and determine the
temporal characteristics of vibrational modes
that accept the electronic excitation energy after
internal conversion in organic chromophores.
We have used picosecond resonance
Raman spectroscopy to observe the vibrational
kinetics of p-nitroaniline after electron backtransfer.
Our results indicate primary excitation
of out-of-plane vibrations by internal conversion
and secondary excitation of strongly Raman
active vibrations by redistribution of vibrational
energy [KWV03].
In a collaboration with the Stepanov
Institute of Physics (Minsk, Belorussia) we
developed a generator/amplifier set-up for
frequency conversion of picosecond laser
pulses by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)
in compressed gases. Frequency shifted pulses
were amplified in methane with up to 56 %
quantum efficiency, considerably exceeding
typical efficiencies of a standard SRS
generator.
Ab initio simulation of multidimensional
nonlinear vibrational spectra:
In a collaborative effort between the MBI
and the University of Rochester/University of
California at Irvine (USA) we have developed
a new approach that – for the first time – allows
to simulate multidimensional vibrational spectra
from first principles by combining quantum
chemistry with the calculation of third-order
nonlinear response functions [MDM03a,
DMM03a]. After evaluating the approach for
dicarbonylacetyl-acetonato rhodium(I)
[MDM03a], we have analyzed the complete
set of one- and two-color signals generated at
all four possible wavevectors for a model
bicyclic dipeptide [DMM03a, DMM03b]. The
2D IR spectra show distinct signatures of
anharmonicities, mode couplings, Fermi
resonances and relative transition dipole
orientations. We have investigated specific
signatures of local α- and 3 10 -helical conformations
of poly-alanines in linear and
coherent nonlinear spectra [MDM03b]. We
could show that ab initio calculations of small
model systems can be used to parametrize
high-quality spectroscopic Hamiltonians.
Ultrafast energy transfer of photosynthetic
light harvesting complexes (SFB429-A2):
Concerning the long-standing problem of
extent and role of excitonic coupling in the
ultrafast energy transfer within the photosynthetic
„light harvesting” complexes of
higher plants we have characterized strongly
interacting chlorophyll a/b pairs and clusters
in LHCII and CP29. To achieve this, we used
nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the
frequency domain as well as excitation spectra
of stepwise two-photon fs-pulse excited
fluorescence from higher excited chlorophyll
states. For bacterial antennas, we have
demonstrated for the first time energy back
transfer from bacteriochlorophyll to an
optically dark excited state of a carotenoid. In
the same context we have determined the
energetic position of the optically dark first
excited states of carotenoids in the xanthophyllcycle
by XANES, and have characterized their
role in excess energy dissipation [LLS04].
Mobile femtosecond fluorometer for early
black cancer diagnosis (TSB ME 0259-02
and SenWiArbFrau II D 13):
We have demonstrated the feasibility of
detection of ultraweak signals of cutaneous
malignant melanoma using femtosecond twophoton
excited fluorescence. The spectral
shape as well as the lifetime of this fluorescence
is unique for this cancer. We have shown
that it reflects an increased contribution of
pheomelanin as compared to normal
pigmented skin tissue. Therefore the signal is
a safe basis for a new, non-invasive method
of early detection of black skin cancer [TMF03].
To introduce this in medical practice, the MBI
cooperates with dermatologists from the Ruhr
University Bochum and LTB Lasertechnik
Berlin.
Own Publications 2003 ff
(for full titles and list of authors see appendix 1)
DMM03a: J. Dreyer et al.; J. Phys. Chem. B 107
(2003) 5967-85
DMM03b: J. Dreyer et al.; Bull. Korean Chem. Soc.
24 (2003) 1091-6
FTD03: H. Fidder et al.; in Recent advances in
ultrafast spectroscopy; Proceedings of the 'XII
UPS Conference' (2003) 105-10
HHD03: N. Huse et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003)
197401/1-4
HHN03a: K. Heyne et al.; Chem. Phys. Lett. 369
(2003) 591-6
HHN03b: K. Heyne et al.; J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
15 (2003) S129-S36
29

30
HHN03c: K. Heyne et al.; Chem. Phys. Lett. 382
(2003) 19-25
HRN03: A.-K. Holm et al.; Chem. Phys. Lett. 376
(2003) 214-9
KWV03: V. Kozich et al.; J. Chem. Phys. 118 (2003)
1808-14
MDM03a: A.A. Moran et al.; J. Chem. Phys. 118
(2003) 1347-55
MDM03b: A.A. Moran et al.; J. Chem. Phys. 118
(2003) 3651-9
RDN03: M. Rini et al.; Chem. Phys. Lett. 374 (2003)
13-9
RHN03: M. Rini et al.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003)
3028-34
RKD03: M. Rini et al.; in Ultrafast Phenomena XIII
(2003) 465-7
RMP03: M. Rini et al.; Science 301 (2003) 349-52
SMH03: J. Stenger et al.; in Ultrafast Phenomena
XIII (2003) 577-9
SMT03: C. Steglich et al.; FEBS Lett. 553 (2003) 79-84
TMF03: K. Teuchner et al.; SPIE Proc. 4797 (2003)
211-9
WKD03: W. Werncke et al.; in Recent advances in
ultrafast spectroscopy; Proceedings of the 'XII
UPS Conference' (2003) 397-403
in press (as of Jan. 2004)
EHH: T. Elsaesser et al.; in Time-Resolved Vibrational
Spectroscopy XI
Elsa: T. Elsaesser et al.; in Ultrafast molecular events
in chemistry and biology
FRN: H. Fidder et al.; J. Am. Chem. Soc.
LAM: V. Lehtovuori et al.; J. Phys. Chem. A
LLS: D. Leupold et al.; in Biochemistry and Biophysics
of Chlorophylls
NEl: E.T.J. Nibbering and T. Elsaesser; Chem. Rev.
RMM: M. Rini et al.; in Ultrafast molecular events in
chemistry and biology
RMPa: M. Rini et al.; in Time-Resolved Vibrational
Spectroscopy XI
RMPb: M. Rini et al.; in Time-Resolved Vibrational
Spectroscopy XI
WKV: W. Werncke et al.; in Time-Resolved Vibrational
Spectroscopy XI
ZRH: T. Zemojtel et al.; J. Am. Chem. Soc.
submitted (until 21st Febr. 2004)
HHD: K. Heyne et al.; J. Chem. Phys
LKL: D. Leupold et al.; Photochem. Photobiol.
Nib: E.T.J. Nibbering; in Encyclopedia of Modern
Optics
STL: M. Schneider et al.; Der Ophthalmologe

Research focus 3
Ultrafast and Nonlinear Phenomena in Solids and
at Surfaces
A prominent part of research at the MBI is
dedicated to the time-resolved investigation
of ultrafast and nonlinear phenomena in solids
and at surfaces. The new research strategy of
the MBI concentrates these efforts in four
research projects within the research focus 3:
Ultrafast and nonlinear phenomena: solids
and surfaces.
These four research projects interact and
cooperate with each other in many aspects
even though they differ significantly in the
experimental methods used and the systems
under investigation. The new research strategy
emphasises novel experimental techniques
of ultrafast spectroscopy, most prominently the
following:
Time-resolved photoelectron
spectroscopy with femtosecond
laser and synchrotron radiation:
Project 3-01 focuses on the ultrafast
dynamics of the geometrical and the electronic
structure of matter at surfaces. Typically, laser
pulses (synchronized to single or multi bunch
synchrotron pulses; ca. 30 ps temporal
resolution) are used to electronically excite
the system, and time-delayed synchrotron
pulses are used for probing. By this technique
the complete valence band structure and
chemical bonding of adsorbates and thin films
on single-crystal surfaces, at liquid water
surfaces or on surfaces of levitated clusters
can be addressed. This project joins success-
fully the expertises of BESSY on soft x-ray
synchrotron radiation and the MBI on ultrafast
laser systems.
Combination of optical near-field
techniques with ultra high time
resolution and apertureless nearfield
spectroscopy:
These novel techniques are an essential
part of project 3-02. Recently, a combined
spatial resolution of 100 nm and a time
resolution of 100 fs has been achieved in
spectroscopic experiments on coupled semiconductor
nanostructures, polymer nanostructures
and surface plasmons in photonic
bandgap materials. Recent experiments using
apertureless nearfield probes promise an
extension of the spatial resolution down to the
10 nm length scale.
Nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy:
In project 3-02 a new light source was
recently developed providing ultrashort
electric field transients in the mid- to far-infrared
spectral range with very high electric-field
amplitudes of several MV/cm which can be
sampled directly in the time domain using
ultrafast electro-optic sampling. Applying such
techniques, the first phase-resolved study of
Rabi flopping has been performed with semiconductor
quantum wells. Currently, this novel
light source is successfully applied in
31

32
nonlinear terahertz experiments on twodimensional
semiconductor nanostructures.
This technique opens a completely new field
of femtosecond spectroscopy in which ultrafast
processes in matter are directly triggered or
driven by an electric field transient rather than
by the resonant interaction of light pulses with
a carrier frequency with a certain quantum
mechanical transition.
Time-resolved measurements on
opto-electronic devices:
These activities are concentrated mainly
in project 3-03, in close collaboration with
project 3-02. Project 3-03 has close connections
to industrial partners, such as OSRAM
Opto Semiconductors, THALES, Jenoptik
Laserdiode und DILAS. Project 3-03 is
dedicated to the application of spectroscopic
techniques developed or improved at the MBI
to analytical purposes in optoelectronic
devices. A primary objective is to improve
insight into the microscopic nature of the
mechanisms defining the limits of laser diode
operation. Recently, first time-resolved
measurements were performed on coherent
quantum transport in an electrically driven
quantum cascade laser structure. The degree
of coherence in the quantum transport was
directly measured, an information which cannot
be obtained by other experimental means.
Time-resolved experiments on
highly correlated condensed-matter
systems:
An important trend of all projects within
reasearch area 3 is a shift of focus from the
well established physics in the single particle
picture to the physics of highly correlated
condensed-matter systems. The latter is a
thriving field of research because of a broad
range of unusual phenomena which are of
interest from the point of view of both fundamental
research and practical applications.
An essential focus of project 3-02 will be
antiferromagnetic systems since many highcorrelation
phenomena like high-temperature
superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance,
or exchange bias are closely related to the
antiferromagnetic state. In nonlinear magnetooptics
we highlight the spin dynamics of
antiferromagnetic systems. This includes the
dynamics of sublattice correlations in
compounds with multiple magnetic or electric
ordering and should lead to methods for
magnetic or magnetoelectric phase control.
Femtosecond x-ray diffraction:
An exciting development within research
area 3 happens currently in project 3-04. In
this project scientists from all three division A,
B, and C work together in the novel field of
time-resolved x-ray techniques. The direct
measurement of the position of nuclei by
ultrafast x-ray diffraction complements the
information on the rapid response of a solid,
obtained by monitoring the dynamics of the
electronic system by optical spectroscopies.
A laser-driven table-top x-ray source provides
an important method to investigate fundamental
microscopic mechanisms which
underlie ultrafast structural changes e.g. of
crystalline solids. First femtosecond x-ray
diffraction experiments on a semiconductor
nanostructure were successful and timeresolved
x-ray absorption studies are on the
brink of their first realization.

3-01: Dynamics at surfaces and structuring
T. Gießel, B. Winter, A. Rosenfeld (Project coordinators)
in cooperation with W. Widdra, University of Halle
and D. Bröcker, C. Heiner, B. Langer, H. Prima-Garcia, P. Schmidt, R. Stoian, R. Weber
1. Overview
This project focuses on the investigation
of the geometrical and the electronic structure
of various surfaces, as well as on laser
excitation and the dynamics of these surfaces.
The central technique used in this project is
photoelectron spectroscopy with laser and
synchrotron radiation. Typically, laser pulses
(synchronized to single or multi bunch
synchrotron pulses; ca. 30 ps temporal
resolution) are used to electronically excite the
system, and time-delayed synchrotron pulses
are used for probing (see 4.03). By this
technique – using the soft x-ray synchrotron
radiation at the MBI user facility at BESSY
together with pulsed laser systems – the
complete valence band structure and chemical
bonding of adsorbates and thin films on singlecrystal
surfaces, at liquid water surfaces, or on
surfaces of levitated clusters can be addressed.
The photovoltaic effect is of central importance
for many semiconductor devices which convert
light to electricity, including photodetectors, and
solar and photoelectrochemical cells. Whereas
this effect is theoretically and experimentally
well investigated, the related surface photovoltaic
effect is less understood.
Several vanadium oxides undergo metalto-semiconductor
phase transitions (MSPT) as
a function of temperature and doping. These
transitions, which are believed to arise from
the change in strong electronic correlation
mechanisms associated with crystallographic
distortions are still much debated in order to
ascertain the relative importance of the
electronic and structural changes in the opening
of the semiconductive gap at the MSPT.
Organic thin film studies are aimed at the
detailed understanding of the excited-state
dynamics in technologically relevant molecular
systems. This particularly involves carrier
dynamics, charge transfer processes,
isomerization, and the identification of the
specific elementary excitations. The orientation
of the molecules within the films has crucial
consequences on these properties, and hence
studies will be performed on various single
crystal substrates (metals, semiconductors,
oxides), as well as for different thickness.
Photoemission from liquid water and
aqueous solutions allows the access of
electron binding energies of solvated ions,
and to infer details on the solvation (shell)
structure. This is a field presently attracting
much interest due to the emergence of new
techniques suited for studying highly volatile
systems. Paralleled by theory (P. Jungwirth,
Prague) we are going to further explore the
effect of counter ions (through size and hence
polarizability) on the solution interface (e.g.
ion depletion). This naturally opens up the
entire field of optically excited solvated ions.
Another goal of this project represents an
endeavor intended to outline the potential of
femtosecond laser technology for high quality
material processing. The investigations include
fundamental studies of the physical mechanisms
for material removal irradiated by ultra-short
laser pulses as well as concrete steps to
transfer the results achieved into the application
area. The information over the specific
response times for the energy flow in irradiated
solids indicates the criteria for using temporally
tailored pulses in order to optimize and achieve
high degree of control in laser micromachining.
2. Subprojects and Collaborations
The following themes are presently in the
focus of the research activities:
UP1: Dynamics at Single Crystal Surfaces
and Adsorbates Studied by Laser-Pump-
Synchrotron Radiation-Probe Experiments.
This work is linked to project C7 of the DFG
collaborative research center “Structure,
dynamics and reactivity of transition metal
oxide aggregates” (SFB 546). It is carried out
in collaboration with the group of B.K.Meyer
(University Giessen).
UP2: Dynamics at Liquid Water Surfaces
Studied by Laser-Pump- Synchrotron
Radiation-Probe Experiments.
Collaborations with M. Faubel (Max-Planck-
Institut für Strömungsforschung, Göttingen), C.
Pettenkofer (HMI, Berlin), P. Jungwirth (Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Prague).
UP3: Material Structuring with Femtosecond
Technology. Supported by DFG, Berliner
Senatsverwaltung für Wirtschaft, Arbeit und
Frauen, International Office of the DFG (WTZ
program with the Institute of Thermophysics,
Novosibirsk, Russia).
UP4: Levitated Nanoparticle.
Collaboration with Uni Würzburg, Uni Chemnitz,
Uni Halle, Fritz-Haber-Institut der MPG.
33

34
Fig. 3:
Photoemission spectra of
ca. 2000 Å film of 6T/
Au(110), obtained in normal
emission for 50 eV
photon energy. Electron
binding energies are with
respect to Fermi energy.
The incoming light's
polarization vector was
positioned either along
(Ex) or across (Ey) the
6T long molecular axis.
The lines at the bottom of
the figure display the calculated
(HF/6-31G(d,p))
binding energies of the
π-molecular orbitals. The
first and second highest
occupied molecular
orbitals (HOMO and
HOMO-1) are labeled.
Fig. 1:
Temperature
dependence of
SPV-decay.
Fig. 2:
V 3d Photoelectron
spectra taken from a
200nm thick VO 2 film at
60 eV photon energy for
different temperatures
from 280 K – 375 K.
3. Results in 2003
UP1:
Charge Carrier Dynamics: We have studied
the surface photovoltage decay on SiO 2 /
Si(100) as a function of sample temperature
and laser intensity (Nd:YVO 4 see 4.03) using
the pump-multiple probe setup developed for
experiments with combined laser and synchrotron
radiation under multi-bunch conditions.
Fig. 1 shows the decay curves of the SPV on
thin layers of SiO 2 on Si(100) for three different
temperatures: 305 K, 358 K and 389 K. All three
curves show the characteristic nonexponential
decay as discussed in [WBG03, BGW].
At time-zero, directly after the laser
excitation, the SPV is 300 meV at room
temperature and decreases to 240 meV at
389 K. Additionally, a faster decay is observed
at higher temperatures. The smaller starting
value at higher temperature can be explained
by the reduction of the Debye length as well
as by the higher charge carrier density in the
bulk, which aggravates the saturation. The
faster decay at higher temperatures was
expected from an quasi-equilibrium model
based on thermionic emission.
In our first experiments on the metal-tosemiconductor
phase transition (MSPT) in VO 2
we have characterized the phase transition in
approximately 200 nm thick VO 2 films. The
upper part of Figure 2 shows photoelectron
spectra in the region of the V 3d level taken at
60 eV photon energy for different temperatures
from 280 – 375 K. The spectra for highest and
lowest temperature are marked red and blue,
respectively. The 2D plot in the lower part of
figure 2 shows the spectra from above as a
function of temperature. The sudden increase
of the photoemission intensity near Fermi at
around 320 K marks the MSPT.
Angle-resolved photoemission spectra
(ARUPS) from Sexithiophene (6T) wellordered
thin films, grown on Au(110), exhibit
a strong intensity dependence on the
experimental geometry. Compensation for film
charging was achieved by simultaneous
(pulsed) laser irradiation, resulting in the sharp
spectral π-emission features as in Figure 3.
The observed anisotropy can be attributed to
the molecules’ relative orientation, as interpreted
through symmetry selection rules.
Comparison with our Hatree-Fock calculations
(see figure caption) firmly suggests the need
for alternative molecular symmetries from the
reported C 2h symmetry for 6T’s bulk-crystalline
structure. Specifically at the surface,
contributions from a combination of 6T's with
a C 2v and a reduced C 2 symmetry are likely.
UP2:
Our liquid jet studies were aimed at the
characterization of the molecular structure of
salt solution interfaces. A central question is
whether or not aqueous salt ions have a
propensity for the surface; this is closely related
to the ions’ surfactant activity. One of the
solutions studied is tetrabutyl-ammonium
iodide (TBAI), a classical prototype for hydrophobic
solvation, which makes this salt one of
the most intensively investigated phase
catalyst. The other solution is simply aqueous
NaI. Figure 4 presents the intensities for both
anions and cations, I - (4d) and Na + (2p), as a
function of concentration.
The observed saturation behavior near 2m
NaI is indicative of ion depletion in the subsurface
region, which is attributed to the large
polarizability of the iodide anion, leading to

negative surface excess. Also, the fact that
electron binding energies of Na + and I - are
independent of the salt concentration is
argued to arise from a balance of the reduced
binding of surface-solvated iodide and the gain
in polarizability of asymmetrically solvated
iodide (see [WWSa]).
Analogous results for aqueous TBAI
solutions are displayed in Figure 5. Concentrations
are considerably lower than for NaI
due the large surfactant activity of the TBAI
salt at the solution surface. The steep linear
iodide signal rise at lower concentrations is
identified as the regime of sub-monolayer
coverage. The much slower intensity increase
beyond 0.024 m would then reflect the
completed segregation monolayer. Identical
electron binding energies of iodide are
observed in TBAI and NaI aqueous solutions,
independent of the salt concentration. No
spectral shifts due to changes in the work
function are observed, hence we conclude that
the salt ions do not form an electric doublelayer
at the surface, consistent with the surface
activity of both ions as mentioned above. The
experimental observations are strongly supported
by molecular dynamics simulations for
TBAI in aqueous slabs using a polarizable
force field (see [WWSb]).
UP3:
The developments in the field of dynamic
pulse temporal tailoring and adaptive optimization
introduce the possibility to regulate and
manipulate excitation and energy transfer, to
exploit dynamic processes, and optimize
structuring, unfolding new perspectives for
"intelligent", feedback-assisted processing of
materials. The sequential energy delivery
induces a stepwise preparation of the surface
in terms of electronic population and energy,
improves the energy coupling, influences the
balance between the induced non-thermal
and thermal mechanisms for particle ejection,
and provides a material dependent optimization
process.
This study emphasizes the benefit of using
temporally designed pulses to optimize the
quality of the structures induced by laser
ablation and is suitable to generate controllable
ion beams by ultrafast laser ablation. [SKT03].
Employing THz repetition rates (~sub-ps time
scales) enables controlled processing based
on the synchronization between the excitation
sequence and the individual ps response of
the material [SBT03a].
We performed investigations of the critical
laser parameters needed for laser fine
polishing, with femtosecond laser pulses, on
materials with a very low coefficient of thermal
expansion. To avoid thermal heating at the
polishing process it is necessary to work in
the pre-ablation regime near the ablation
threshold. This describes the possibility of
modifying the surface in the nanometer scale
by ultra short laser pulses and may have the
potential to replace common ion polishing
technology. Theoretically study on the role of
rapid electronic transport in defining the
characteristics of material removal with ultrashort
laser pulses. The developed models are
general and can be used to describe charge
transport dynamics in different materials on
ultrafast timescales.
UP4:
We have stored SiO 2 particles (r = 250 nm)
in the centre of an electro dynamical trap and
measured their charge state when they were
illuminated with synchrotron radiation [GLS].
By scanning the photon energy in the regime
of the O 1s-edge the charging current of the
particle was determined from the temporal
evolution of the charge state in this spectral
regime. Fig. 7 shows the first derivative of three
charging curves for different average charge
states. In the O 1s-continuum charging occurs
primarily via the normal or double Auger decay.
Assuming that the charges are located on the
particle surface, the local electrical field
increases with increasing charge state. As a
result, only those electrons with sufficient kinetic
Fig. 4:
The I - (4d) and Na + (2p)
signal obtained from
photoemission
measurements of NaI
aqueous solutions, at
different salt
concentrations.
Fig. 6:
Velocity distributions
extracted from massresolved
TOF traces of
ions emitted from silicon
samples irradiated with
single- and double-pulse
sequences. The separation
for the double pulse is 7 ps
and the incident fluence
0.9 J/cm 2 . The results are
derived from a spot preirradiated
with three
sequences per site.
Fig. 5:
Evolution of the I - (4d)
photoelectron signal as a
function of the TBAI
concentration. The curve
is a fit ~ [1-exp(-c/co)].
The straight lines indicate
a linear growth of a single
monolayer.
35

36
Fig. 7:
O 1s charging spectra of
a single stored SiO 2
nanoparticle at different
charge states.
energy can contribute to photoionization of the
particle, corresponding to an increase in
charge state. The other electrons will be
retained by the field of the charged particle.
The fraction of electrons that contribute to
charging decreases with increasing charge
state, so that the intensity of the differentiated
charging curves decreases. The fastest
electrons that can be emitted after resonant
core level excitation with considerable flux
come from resonant Auger processes. These
processes occur mostly in the near-edge
regime, i. e. between 535 eV and 540 eV.
Own publications 2003 ff
(full titles and list of authors see appendix 1)
AMR03: D. Ashkenasi et al.; Appl. Phys. A 77 (2003)
223-8
GBS03: T. Gießel et al.; Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 (2003)
4620-4
HJG03: K. Heister et al.; Surf. Science 529 (2003)
36-46
LLS03: B. Lohmann et al.; in AIP Conference
Proceedings, Atomic, Molecular and Chemical
Physics (2003) Vol. 697, 133-41
PWF03: D. Pop et al.; J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003)
11543-647
SBT03a: R. Stoian et al.; Appl. Phys. A 77 (2003)
265-9
SBT03b: R. Stoian et al.; RIKEN Review 50 (2003)
71-6
SBT03c: R. Stoian et al.; in SPIE Proc. (2003) Vol.
4830, 435-42
SKT03: M. Spyridaki et al.; Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003)
1474-6
TSL03: G. Turri et al.; in AIP Conference
Proceedings, Atomic, Molecular and Chemical
Physics (2003) Vol. 697, 48-54
WBG03: W. Widdra et al.; Surf. Science 543 (2003)
87-94
WWH03: R. Weber et al.; J. Phys. Chem. B 107
(2003) 7768-75
in press (as of Jan. 2004)
BSR: N. M. Bulgakova et al.; Phys. Rev. B
BGW: D. Bröcker et al.; J. Chem. Phys.
FMT: W. Freyer et al.; J. Photoch. Photobio. A: Chem.
GLS: M. Grimm et al.; in AIP Conference Proceedings,
Atomic, Molecular and Chemical Physics
HFU: K. Heister et al.; Langmuir
HGP: O. Henneberg et al.; Appl. Phys. Lett.
RAs: A. Rosenfeld and D. Ashkenasi; SPIE Proc.
SEH: C. Stanciu et al.; Appl. Phys. A
TSL: G. Turri et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett.
VCL: J. Viefhaus et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett.
WWSa: R. L. Weber et al.; J. Phys. Chem. B
WWW: B. Winter et al.; J. Phys. Chem. A
submitted (until 21st Febr. 2004)
BSRb: N. M. Bulgakova et al.; Appl. Phys. A
Fre: W. Freyer; Organic Letters
KSS: E. Koudoumas et al.; Thin Solid Films
MWM: T. Moritz et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett.
PWF: D. Pop et al.; J. Phys. Chem. B
SKN: G. Y. Slepyan et al.; Phys. Rev. A
SRH: R. Stoian et al.; Appl. Phys. Lett.
WWSb: B. Winter et al.; J. Phys. Chem. B

3-02: Ultrafast and nonlinear processes in solid state and nanostructures
M. Fiebig, C. Lienau, M. Wörner (Project coordinators)
and N.P. Duong, T. Lottermoser, C.W. Luo, V. Malyarchuk, L. Molina, K. Müller, R. Müller, V. Malyarchuk,
C. Neacsu, M.B. Raschke, K. Reimann, C. Ropers, T. Satoh, T. Shih, T. Unold, Z. Wang
1. Overview
In this new project, the former projects
II.6 (Ultrafast dynamics in solids) and II.7
(Optical near-field microscopy) have been
merged in order to establish new experimental
approaches to the physics of highly correlated
condensed matter-systems. In these systems,
electron-electron correlations lead to a broad
range of novel and unusual phenomena which
are interesting from the point of view of both
fundamental research and practical application.
We believe that by uniting our expertise in
ultrafast charge dynamics, nonlinear optics of
long-range ordered systems, and nano-scale
optics new insight into fundamental phenomena
in this thriving field of research will be gained.
2. Subprojects and Collaborations
UP1: Ultrafast electron dynamics in individual
electronically coupled nanostructures,
UP2: Optical antennas for spectroscopy: field
confinement, energy transfer, molecular
switches,
UP3: Coherence and dynamics of electrons,
phonons and quantum transport in 2D nanostructures,
UP4: Ultrafast spin and lattice dynamics of
antiferromagnetic and electronic phase
transitions.
There are possible future connections of
UP1, UP3, UP4 to project 3.04.
3. Results in 2003
UP1 (1): Ultrafast optical nonlinearities of
single quantum dots. Considerable progress
has been made in probing and manipulating
coherent polarizations of a single and two
dipole-coupled quantum dots with ultrafast
light pulses. The femtosecond near-field pumpprobe
spectrometer developed last year
[GLE02,GLE03,GML03,Lie] allowed us to
study for the first time the optical Stark effect
on a single interface quantum dot (QD) on a
femtosecond time scale. We show that the line
shape of nonlinear QD spectra depends
sensitively on the intensity of a nonresonant
pump laser field. Transient spectral oscillations
are understood as pump-induced rotations of
the QD polarization phase with negligible
population change. This phase shift is
quantitatively measured and polarization
control is demonstrated [UMLa,UMLb].
Control of the exciton population of a single
QD on the other hand is demonstrated by
observing Rabi oscillations on the biexciton
resonance of this QD for resonant exciton
excitation [Fig. 1]. Together, this demonstrates
full control over amplitude and phase of the
coherent QD polarization.
Similar Rabi oscillations are also observed
on the excitonic nonlinearity of one QD after
resonant excitation of a neighbouring QD. This
establishes dipole-dipole coupling between
two individual quantum dots. The transient nonlinear
optical response of two dipole-coupled
QDs is studied in detail and a coupling strength
of about 50 µeV is inferred. This is relevant for
implementing semiconductor-based quantum
logic gates if one succeeds in increasing the
magnitude of the coupling via external electric
fields and in controlling the interdot separation.
Experimental studies along these directions are
currently underway.
UP1 (2): Optical properties of metallic nanostructures.
The unusual linear optical properties
of periodic nanohole arrays in metal films have
been studied both experimentally [KHM03,YHK03]
and theoretically [MML03,MML]. Specifically,
surface plasmon polariton (SPP) eigenmodes
of these plasmonic crystals are directly imaged
using nano-optical techniques and the damping
of these modes is studied experimentally both
in the temporal and in the spatial domain. We
demonstrate experimentally that a Rayleighlike
scattering of SPP at the nanoholes is the
microscopic origin of this damping and that the
asymmetric spectral line shape of the extaordinarily
enhanced transmission resonances
can be understood as a Fano-type interference
between light tunneling through the holes and
SPP radiation. These results and their thorough
theoretical understanding are the basis for
exploring optical nonlinearities of plasmonic
crystals and exciton-plasmon interactions in
hybrid metal-/semiconductor nanostructures.
Fig. 1:
Rabi oscillations in single
quantum dots detected
by resonantly exciting
the QD exciton transition
with a 1 ps laser pulse
and probing the transient
biexcitonic nonlinear
optical response of this
dot.
37

38
Fig. 2:
Topographic image (a)
and scattering near-field
microscopy image (b) of
a gold nano-island on
glass. The optical
coupling of the PtIrprobe
tip to the Au leads
to dielectric contrast with
resolution determined by
the tip radius.
Fig. 4:
Time dependent change
of second and third
harmonic and of
reflection in NiO after
photoexcitation.
Black: SH intensity,
blue: third harmonic
intensity,
red: linear reflection at ω,
green: linear reflection
at 2ω.
Fig. 3:
Black lines: Input field
E ref (t) measured by
ultrafast electro-optic
sampling. Red lines:
Transients of the emitted
electric field E diff (t).
Insets: Direction of the
Bloch vector σ during
the Rabi flop of the IS
polarization.
UP2: Apertureless scanning near-field
microscopy. Scattering-type near-field microscopy
based on metal wire tips to transfer,
detect and concentrate light to highly confined
regions has been established for the purpose
of spectroscopic imaging down to sub-10 nm
spatial resolution. In experiments performed
in eschange with subproject (B) we have
studied the correlations between tip radius of
the probe, signal strength, spatial resolution,
and sample material [Rli03]. In linear light
scattering the contrast was found to depend
sensitively on vertical composition of the
sample.
A general scheme for optimal illumination
and detection was developed. The understanding
of various aspects concerning the
imaging mechanism laid the ground for the work
in progress on spectroscopic aspects of surface
nanostructures and nonlinear light scattering.
UP3: Rabi oscillations of intersubband
transitions. Low-dimensional semiconductors
are important model systems for coherent
control of excitations on ultrafast time scales.
We consider here intersubband (IS) transitions
between consecutive conduction subbands in
quantum wells (QWs). So far, a nonlinear
coherent manipulation of IS transitions in QWs
was only possible in a very limited way, since
the electric field amplitude of THz transients
was too low. We developed a new scheme for
the full characterization of THz transients with
MV/cm amplitude [RSW03]. These pulses are
used for the study of Rabi oscillations in a
GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structure.
The center frequency of the THz transients is
resonant to the IS transition between the two
lowest electron subbands. After transmission
through the sample the electric field of the
transient is time-resolved by electro-optic
sampling.
In Fig. 3 we show for two different intensities
the transients without the sample E ref (t) (black
lines) and the transients of the electric field
emitted by the sample E diff (t) (red lines). In the
linear case [Fig. 3(a)] E diff (t) has a phase
opposite to the input field. A THz transient of
large amplitude [Fig. 3(b)], however, results in
a strongly modified signal giving direct evidence
for a Rabi flop of the Bloch vector σ. In particular
we observe a phase shift of π after the complete
inversion of the IS transition at t = 80 fs. Thus,
our experiments directly show for the first time
coherent Rabi flopping of IS transitions [LRWa,
LRWb,LRWc].
UP4 (1): Spin dynamics of antiferromagnetic
NiO. For the first time temporal
evolution of an antiferromagnetic magnetization
after excitation with an intense 100 fs light
pulse has been observed. Experiments were
performed on NiO, the perhaps most promising
exchange-bias compound. Magnetically
induced second harmonic (SH) generation
was used as a probe for the antiferromagnetic
order parameter [DSL].
Reflection experiments at low temperature
show an instantaneous (

UP4 (2): Magnetic phase control by an
electric field. Ferromagnetic Ho 3+ ordering in
the ferroelectric antiferromagnet HoMnO 3 was
switched on or off by application of a static
electric field [FLL]. The origin of this novel type
of phase control are "giant" magnetoelectric
effects which are based on imbalances in the
Ho 3+ -Mn 3+ superexchange induced by the
ferroelectric distortion. Investigation of the
dynamical properties of this phenomenon are
underway.
Own publications 2003 ff
(full titles and list of authors see appendix 1)
EEK03: T. Elsaesser et al.; in Proceedings of the
International School of Physics 'Enrico Fermi':
Electron and Photon Confinement in Semiconductor
Nanostructures (2003) 249-63
EKE03: T. Elsaesser et al.; SPIE Proc. 4992 (2003)
154-64
ERW03: F. Eickemeyer et al.; in Ultrafast Phenomena
XIII (2003) 356-8
FFL03: M. Fiebig et al.; Journal of Magnetism and
Magnetic Materials 258-259 (2003) 110-3
FLP03a: M. Fiebig et al.; J. Appl. Phys. 93 (2003)
8194-6
FLP03b: M. Fiebig et al.; J. Appl. Phys. 93 (2003)
6900-2
FPi03: M. Fiebig and R.V. Pisarev; Physica status
solidi (c) 0 (2003) 1449-52
FSP03: M. Fiebig et al.; J. Appl. Phys. 93 (2003)
6960-2
GLE03: T. Guenther et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003)
139702
GML03: T. Guenther et al.; in Ultrafast Phenomena
XIII (2003) 345-9
GPL03: A.V. Goltsev et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003)
177204/1-4
KHM03: D.S. Kim et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003)
143901/1-4
MML03: R. Müller et al.; Phys. Rev. B 68 (2003)
205415/1-9
RLi03: M.B. Raschke and C. Lienau; Appl. Phys.
Lett. 83 (2003) 5089-91
RSW03: K. Reimann et al.; Opt. Lett. 28 (2003) 471-3
STM03: M.P. Semtsiv et al.; Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003)
3418-20
WWF03: I. Waldmüller et al.; Phys. status solidi B
238 (2003) 474-7
in press (as of Jan. 2004)
AKE: T. Altebäumer et al.; tm Technisches Messen
FFL: M. Fiebig et al.; Opt. Lett.
LIG: C. Lienau et al.; Phys. Rev. B
LRu: C. Lienau and E. Runge; Physik Journal
LRWa: C.W. Luo et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett.
LRWb: C.W. Luo et al.; Appl. Phys. A
WRE: M. Woerner et al.; J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
Elsb: T. Elsaesser; Appl. Phys. A
FEC: M. Fiebig et al., Magnetoelectric interaction
phenomena in crystals (Kluwer, Dordrecht, the
Netherlands, in press)
Fie: M. Fiebig; in Magnetoelectric interaction
phenomena in crystals
FLG: M. Fiebig et al.; Journal of Magnetism and
Magnetic Materials
FPi: M. Fiebig and R.V. Pisarev; Journal of Magnetism
and Magnetic Materials
Liea: C. Lienau; Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-
Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.
Lieb: C. Lienau; in SPIE Proc.
LRWc: C.W. Luo et al.; Semicond. Sci. Technol.
UML: T. Unold et al.; Semicond. Sci. Technol.
WRW: Z. Wang et al.; Semicond. Sci. Technol.
submitted (until 21st Febr. 2004)
MML: R. Müller et al.; Optics Express
SFR: C. Schweitzer et al.; Phys. Rev. B
UML: T. Unold et al.; Phys. Rev. Lett.
WFL: I. Waldmüller et al.; Phys. Rev. B
39

40
3-03: Optoelectronic Devices
J. W. Tomm (Project coordinator) and F. Weik, V. Talalaev, T. Q. Tran
1. Overview
The group performs research on the
application of spectroscopic techniques
developed or improved at the MBI to analytical
purposes in optoelectronic devices. A primary
objective is to improve insight into the
microscopic nature of the mechanisms defining
the limits of semiconductor device operation.
The following themes are presently in the
focus of the research activities:
• defect creation and accumulation within the
active region,
• mechanical stress as well as
• device and - particularly - facet heating
are quantitatively analyzed in very different
device structures.
Together with our industrial partners, such
as OSRAM Opto Semiconductors, THALES,
Jenoptik Laserdiode and DILAS, new
generations of optoelectronic devices with
increased brightness and reliability are created,
taking into account the analytical results of MBI.
Investigations of transient recombination
processes (5 ps-10 ns) in optoelectronic
materials and epitaxial structures such as
quantum-well or quantum-dot structures
complete these device-related analytical activities.
Carrier transfer kinetics in self assembled
or structured nanostructures such as stressors
will be addressed (optical measurement of
transport kinetics).
Furthermore, the group is involved into joint
activities for the creation of novel classes of
optoelectronic light sources such as midinfrared
light-emitting diodes or compact
femtosecond emitters. Demonstrators will be
assembled and tested.
As a long term perspective we will achieve
an own contribution to novel, particularly ultrafast
optoelectronic devices. Our contribution
as workpackage coordinator in the FW6 IP
WWW.BRIGHT.EU will be a milestone towards
this goal.
2. Subprojects and Collaborations
UP1: Reliability and thermal analysis of highpower
diode lasers, e.g. POWERPACK
"Screening and packaging techniques for highly
reliable laser-bars for telecommunication and
industrial applications” (EU- IST-2000-29447).
UP2: MIRCO “Material research for low-cost
mid-infrared converters for the λ=4-5 µm
wavelength range” (BMBF 03N1084C).
UP3: “Transient recombination kinetics in semiconductors
and optoelectronic structures”.
There is long time established in-house
cooperation with Project 3-02. Outside MBI
there is extensive cooperation with numerous
partners in academia, institutes and companies
among them also SMEs on the WISTA campus
Adlershof. The activities are, among others,
organized in the framework of EU- or BMBFfunded
projects. Recently a new joint activity
with Project 1-02 and the FBH-Berlin was
started, which addresses compact semiconductor
femtosecond emitters.
3. Results in 2003
Quantitative strain analysis in AlGaAsbased
devices (achieved in UP1). We present
a novel strategy for quantitative spectroscopic
analysis of packaging-induced strain using
both finite element analysis and bandstructure
calculations [TGM03b]. This approach holds
for a wide class of semiconductor devices,
among them high-power diode lasers. The
influence on the results of particular device
structure properties, such as intrinsic strain
and quantum-well geometry, is analyzed. We
compare theoretical results based on an
unaxial stress model with experimental data
obtained from externally strained devices and
obtain better agreement than from alternative
strain models. The general approach is also
applicable to the analysis of all data that refer
to changes of the electronic bandstructure in
semiconductor devices such as absorption,
reflection and photoluminescence.
Properties of As + -implanted and annealed
GaAs and InGaAs quantum-wells: structural
and band-structure modifications (achieved
in UP3). Implanted quantum-wells are still the
material of choice for fabricating semiconductor
saturable absorber mirrors
(SESAMS), which serve for amplitude
modulation in ultrafast laser systems. Both
crystal structure and energy band structure
changes caused by As + -implantation and
subsequent annealing in GaAs and in an
In 0.253 Ga 0.747 As quantum-well are studied [TSG].
We demonstrate that the main implantation
impact to the crystal structure is the creation of
a large number of point defects and strong

compressive strain of up to -0.1%. Raman- and
X-ray-data demonstrate almost complete
structural recovery for rapid thermal annealing
temperatures T > 600°C. While the lattice
expansion gets relaxed by annealing, the
implantation-induced ionized point defects are
still present up to the highest annealing
temperatures applied. Under these
circumstances a 22 meV blue-shift of the 1hh-
1e-transition within the quantum-well and a
substantial reduction of the non-equilibrium
carrier lifetime remain as consequence of
implantation. The substantial non-equilibrium
carrier lifetime reduction, which is caused by
the implantation process and which is the
desired effect is demonstrated in Fig. 1.
Furthermore, we investigate alternative
SESAM concepts that abandon the defectcreating
implantation technology.
Facet temperature reduction a current
blocking layer at the front facets of highpower
InGaAs/AlGaAs lasers (achieved in
UP1). The overheating of the facets, compared
to the waveguide temperature, of singlequantum
well InGaAs/AlGaAs broad-area
(2 mm × 200 µm) high-power laser-diodes is
reduced by a factor of 3-4 [RRK03]. This
substantial improvement is achieved by the
introduction of a 30 µm long, cost-neutral SiN
current blocking layer located at the front facet
of the laser. The improvement is explained by
the reduction of the carrier density close to the
facet due to the removed pumping current. This
reduces the surface recombination current,
which is considered a main source of facet
heating. Since the optical load for the facets of
both lasers is almost similar, it is clear that the
increased carrier density at the facets for this
type of lasers is not caused by re-absorption
of laser light but rather by surface currents.
Own publications 2003 ff.
(full titles and list of authors see appendix 1)
HMS03: F. Hatami et al.; Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003)
085306/1-8
MDP03: G. Mussler et al.; Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003)
1343-5
RRK03: F. Rinner et al.; J. Appl. Phys. 93 (2003)
1848-50
TGM03a: J.W. Tomm et al.; J. Appl. Phys. 93 (2003)
1354-62
TGM03b: J. W. Tomm et al.; Appl. Phys. Lett. 82
(2003) 4193-5
TMT03: J.W. Tomm et al.; Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003)
045326/1-8
TRT03: J.W. Tomm et al.; SPIE Proc. 4993 (2003)
91-9
in press (as of Jan. 2004)
GTO: A. Gerhard et al.; The European Physical
Journal - Applied Physics
TGB: J. W. Tomm et al.; The European Physical
Journal - Applied Physics
TSG: J. W. Tomm et al.; J. Appl. Phys.
submitted (until 21st Febr. 2004)
ZLZ: Z.Ya. Zhuchenko et al.; J. Appl. Phys.
Fig. 2:
(a) Facet (squares) and
averaged waveguide
temperatures (circles)
versus operation current
for a standard highpower
laser device.
(b) Facet and averaged
waveguide temperatures
for a device with current
blocking layers. Note,
that the laser power for a
given operation current is
similar for both devices.
Substantial reduction of
the facet heating is
demonstrated.
Fig. 1:
Transient photoluminescence
(T=10 K)
after impulsive fsexcitation,
detected at
the spectral position of
the edge emission
(1.221 eV) for the asgrown
(a) and the
implanted sample that
experienced rapid
thermal annealing at
650°C (b).
41

42
Fig. 1:
Spectrum of
x-ray pulses.
3-04: Ultrafast x-ray research
H. Stiel, M. Wörner, N. Zhavoronkov (Project coordinators)
and M. Bargheer, Y. Gritsai, H. Legall, D. Leupold, M. Schnürer, J. Tümmler
1. Overview
This project aims at the development and
the application of coherent and incoherent
laser-based X-ray sources emitting light in the
range between 0.1 and 20 nm.
The following themes are presently in the
focus of the research activities: The current
applications focus on time-resolved X-ray
diffraction experiments on crystalline solids (in
the framework of SPP 1134 and in close
collaboration with Project 3-02) using a high
repetition rate laser produced plasma (LPP)
source and on X-ray absorption studies concerning
the role of carotenoids in energy transfer
processes (in the framework of SFB 429).
The goals of this interdisciplinary project are:
• Development and optimization of laser based
X-ray sources for time-resolved spectroscopy
and diffractometry, EUV-lithography,
metrology and interferometry. Understanding
basic physics of these sources.
• Application of these sources to study
structural dynamics in clusters, semiconductor
structures, superconductors and
organic molecules on a sub-ps time scale.
As a long term perspective an extension to
even higher repetition rates is planned [ZKo04]
and special emphasis will be directed to
application experiments using the possibilities
of MBI X-ray laser developed in project 2-01.
2. Subprojects and Collaborations
UP1: Hard x-ray generation using high
repetition rate laser systems,
UP2: Generation and application of soft xrays
from laser-based sources,
UP3: Investigation of phase transitions and
structural dynamics in solids: DFG-fundung
through SPP 1134, collaboration with PDI,
FUB, Seoul National University.
3. Results in 2003
UP1: Hard x-ray generation using high
repetition rate laser systems: The existing
1 kHz Ti:Sapphire laser system for the
production of hard x-rays [TRK03] has been
upgraded to pulses having now 45 fs duration
and energies up to 10 mJ [ZGM03]. The spatial
beam profile observed in the focus of a lens
with 8.8 cm focal length is Gaussian with a
beam diameter less than 1.3 times of the
diffraction limit. The RMS of the intensity
fluctuations is less than 1%. As a target we
use a vertically streaming Ga-jet. The spectrum
of the x-ray emission is shown on Fig. 1. It
consists of a broad continuum and two narrow
features at 9.2 keV and 10.3 keV corresponding
to the characteristic K α and K β lines
of Ga. The total emission flux of X-ray's is of
~8,1x10 10 photons/sec, the K α -line lines
contain ~5x10 10 photons/sec. The efficiency of
laser energy to X-ray photon energy
conversion is estimated to be 1.3x10 -5 . An
extension to even higher repetition rates is
planned for the future [ZKo04].
UP2 (1): Generation and application of soft
x-rays from laser-based sources: Application
of soft x-ray spectroscopy and metrology in
chemical, biological and material sciences has
attracted a lot of attention in recent time.
Correspondingly, the development of compact
soft x-ray radiation sources [TVS03] for the
operation of laboratory test facilities which can
also be operated close to the production line
is one of the most important challenges at this
time. The operational requirements on such a
radiation source are high if nearly the same
level of measurement uncertainty should be
reached as presently only achieved using
synchrotron radiation at dedicated laboratories.
A highly reliable laser-based source [SST03]
for use in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) metrology
was constructed and integrated into a reflectometer
system [VBB03] for high-accuracy atwavelength
charaterization of multi-layer EUVmirrors
at Carl Zeiss Oberkochen. Our EUVsource
operates with a high power laser
(650 mJ, 10 ns), which is focused on a rotating
Au target cylinder. We obtained a source size
of 30 μm by 50 μm and a spectral radiant power
of > 10 14 ph /s*sr in 0.1 nm bw at 13.4 nm. The
shot-to-shot stability of the source is about 5%
(1σ) for laser pulse energies above 200 mJ.

UP2 (2): For soft x-ray absorption studies a
table-top spectrometer including a wet
chamber for biological samples has been
developed. Our investigations were focused
in particular on the carotenoid pigments
involved in the so-called xanthophyll cycle in
light harvesting complexes (LHC) of higher
plants. The energies of the optically forbidden
transition S 0 -S 1 of violaxanthin and zeaxanthin,
the main pigments of the xanthophyll cycle,
determined by different optical techniques
differ significantly. Therefore we focused our
work on elucidation of the energy levels of
both violaxanthin and zeaxanthin in the
conformations all-trans, 9-cis and 13-cis by
Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure
Spectroscopy (NEXAFS). Based on our
measurements the energies of the optically
forbidden S 0 -S 1 transitions for both carotenoids
were estimated. Because this result implies
consequences for the pathways of energy
transfer process in LHC our measurements
have been extended to chlorophyll pigments
as well as to peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein
representing a model system for LHC.
UP3: Femtosecond x-ray diffraction: The
direct measurement of the position of nuclei
by ultrafast x-ray diffraction complements the
information on the rapid response of a solid,
obtained by monitoring the dynamics of the
electronic system by optical spectroscopies.
The laser-driven table-top x-ray source
described above provides an important method
to investigate fundamental microscopic
mechanisms which underlie ultrafast structural
changes e.g. of crystalline solids.
Our setup, depicted in Fig. 2a, allows for
the detection of sub-picometer changes in the
crystalline structure with an unprecedented
sensitivity, as described in the following. Most
previous femtosecond x-ray experiments
(10Hz repetition rate) looked at large changes
which lead to a permanent structural transformation
of the sample. As a first application
we discuss impulsive excitation of a dense
electron-hole plasma in a semiconductor
nano-structure. Fig. 3 presents the stationary
rocking curve of the quasi-forbidden (002)
reflex of a GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice (SL) with
2000 periods of 8 nm wells and 8 nm barriers.
The S/N ratio of our plasma source (solid line)
is excellent and approaches that of conventional
stationary x-ray spectrographs
(dashed line).
In the time-resolved experiments an 800 nm
pump pulse (50 fs duration) excites electronhole
pairs within a penetration depth of
approximately 1 µm. This spatially modulated
excitation of a dense electron-hole plasma
leads to a significant impulsive excitation of
various lattice vibrations in the phononic bandstructure
of the semiconductor superlattice.
The corresponding acoustic strain propagation
leads to time-dependent diffraction signals for
all three observed satellite peaks. In Fig. 4 we
show time-resolved diffraction data measured
in three different scans (different symbols) at
the 1st order SL peak. The impulsively excited
strain in the superlattice crystal cause both a
step-like reduction of the diffraction efficiency
and pronounced oscillations with a period of
7 ps. A more detailed analysis of the phononic
Fig. 3:
Stationary rocking curve.
Fig. 2:
Experimental Setup.
43

44
Fig. 4:
Time-resolved x-ray
diffraction.
bandstructure of the semiconductor nanostructure
shows that the observed oscillations
correspond to the zone boundary phonon in
the miniband Brillouin zone of the superlattice.
The zone boundary phonon is preferably
observed due to the large density of phonon
states. Optical reflection experiments in the
weak excitation limit probed phonons near
k = 0, with a period of 3 ps. The question, if this
depends on the excitation density of the
electron-hole plasma, will be addressed in
experiments with varying intensity. The fastest
rise-time of the transient changes measured
with our plasma source was approximately
1 ps, as expected from a phonon propagating
at the sound-velocity through the 8 nm quantum
well.
Own publications 2003 ff
(full titles and list of authors see appendix 1)
SST03: F. Scholze et al., SPIE Proc. 5037 (2003)
670-81
TRK03: A. Thoss et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20 (2003)
224-8
TVS03: S. Ter-Avetisyan et al., J. Appl. Phys. 94
(2003) 5489-96
VBB03: L. v. Loyen et al., SPIE Proc. 5038 (2003)
12-21
ZGM03: N. Zhavoronkov et al., UFO IV (Springer
Verlag, 2003) 323-7

Focus 4
Scientific Infrastrucure: Application laboratories
and special laser development
In the application laboratories the MBI
concentrates its specific experimental
resources, providing a flexible, versatile and
cost efficient use of expensive, state-of-theart
equipment by internal researchers as well
as by external partners from science and
industry. Special laser development, reacting
to demands from internal and external users,
complements the scientific infrastructure
activities which form an essential basis of
scientific research at the MBI.
MBI’s scientific research is embedded into
a large number of cooperations with
universities, research institutions, industry and
guest researchers from various programmes,
including the EU Access Programme since
1996. Embedded into successive Laser
Infrastructure Networks within the various EU
Framework Programmes MBI is providing
access to its laboratories together with
adequate scientific, technical and logistic
support for European guest researchers who
require such major research infrastructures for
their work. MBI, however, is not a pure service
facility which is reflected in the record of its EU
Access Contracts. The MBI users clearly prefer
the combined offer of state-of-the-art laser
systems together with extraordinarily broad
scientific expertise, competence and
equipment in MBI’s core research areas. This
has frequently led to highly successful
collaborations, even influencing MBI’s own
research programme. In contrast, there is little
demand for short-term visits serving the
exclusive purpose of the user’s own research.
Initially, MBI was part of the LIMANS Cluster
of Large Scale Laser Facilities, which was
organised and funded within the 4th Frame-
work Programme of the European Community
as an association of laser infrastructures with
the aim of developing and implementing good
practices in EU funded transnational access.
Within the 5th Framework Programme the
LIMANS Cluster formed an informal sub-group
of LASERNET, a Thematic Network of Laser
Infrastructures which pursued specific tasks
to improve the quality of access to external
users by transnational and interdisciplinary
cooperation. Within the 6th Framework
Programme of the European Union, MBI is
part of LASERLAB-EUROPE, an "Integrated
Infrastructure Initiative" of 17 European laser
infrastructures from 9 European countries,
which have appointed MBI as Co-ordinator of
the project. In view of the increasing
importance of lasers and their applications in
all areas of sciences, life sciences and technologies
the main objectives of this project are:
• To combine most of the largest European
national laboratories in laser-based interdisciplinary
research, complemented by
laboratories with special expertise and
equipment
• To facilitate integration through a novel webbased
"virtual infrastructure" approach, with
the expert support from a research
laboratory specialised in internet services
and communications
• To strengthen the European leading role in
laser research and to improve the quality of
the participating Infrastructures through Joint
Research Activities (JRA) aiming at the
ultimate control of intense, short-pulse laser
light and overcoming technological barriers
towards high power and high intensity
• To engage in the Transnational Access
Programme in a co-ordinated fashion,
providing nearly 4000 days of access.
The goal is to establish a lasting link among
laser research infrastructures for the effective
and competitive exploitation and development
of European resources.
Within LASERLAB-EUROPE, MBI will offer
a total of 340 days of access in an estimated
number of 18 research projects to European
users during a period of four years (2004-
2007). Under Framework Programmes 4 and
5 MBI has provided 505 and 494 days in 26
and 23 projects respectively during the
corresponding four year terms. This reduction
of opportunities for European users is due to
the very limited funds available for research
infrastructures within the 6th Framework
45

46
Programme, a fact which has already been
taken into consideration by the EC for future
Framework Programmes.
Under FP5, MBI’s European users came
from 15 different countries (see graph below).
Apart from these EU-funded Access
activities which are restricted to visitors from
foreign EU and associated countries, MBI also
offers its facilities to collaborations with
researchers from Germany or non-EU
countries. These visits are funded from other
sources, either national or international, and
considerably contribute to MBI’s dense
network of research collaborations.
Particular attention is paid to collaborations
with universities. MBI participates in several
Special Research Grants (SFB) with Berlin’s
universities, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,
and in various nationwide
Topical Research Programmes. In most
cases it is the availability of special equipment,
concentrated in the MBI Application
Laboratories together with the expertise from
MBI’s own research programme which makes
the institute a collaboration partner in high
demand. This is complemented by bi-lateral
collaborations with university groups, where
in single cases the MBI laboratories even
serve as long-term host laboratories for university
research (c.f. project 2-02, collaboration
with TU Berlin).
The Scientific Infrastructure at MBI is
organized in four ‘projects’ (4-01 to 4-04):
• in the Femtosecond Application Laboratory
(4-01) several solid-state laser systems are
available for the generation of femtosecond
light pulses in the spectral range from 100 nm
to 20 µm including setups for pulse shaping
and characterization
• the High Field Laser Application Laboratory
(4-02) gives access to two high-field lasers
with peak intensities around 10 19 W/cm 2
• at the MBI-BESSY Beamline facility (4-03),
located at the Berlin-Electron-Storage Ring
for Synchrotron Radiation BESSY II (a third
generation synchrotron source in Berlin-
Adlershof), experiments with combined
laser and synchrotron radiation experiments
can be performed
• special laser development (4-04) presently
concentrates on 1) making high repetition
rate ( > 1kHz) high average power short
pulse laser systems available for the users
at the MBI and 2) developing unique laser
systems for accelerators. With this work the
MBI has become an indispensable partner
for the national and international accelerator
and FEL community, in particular for the
development of the DESY projects TESLA
collider, VUV-FEL and the European X-FEL.
The MBI also participates in the design and
construction of laser facilities needed for
femtosecond beam slicing at BESSY and
contributes to the planning phase of the
future FEL design at BESSY.

4-01: Femtosecond Application labs
F. Noack, M. Wörner (Project Coordinators)
1. Overview
The Max-Born-Institute (MBI) develops,
operates and provides femtosecond laser
systems in a broad spectral range. A variety
of sources for coherent, ultrashort light
pulses are currently being explored, typically
based on commercial and home built
Ti:Sapphire lasers, but also on new laser
materials. The use of nonlinear optical
techniques such as harmonic generation,
four wave mixing and parametric processes
ensures access to wavelengths ranging from
the VUV (~100nm) up to the IR (~10µm) with
pulse durations ranging from 500 fs down
to about 20 fs. Among the experimental
techniques used with these laser systems
are pump-(delayed)-probe methods,
transient spectroscopy, impulsive Raman
spectroscopy, molecular and cluster beams,
UHV-surface analysis etc.
It belongs to the mission of the MBI to offer
these facilities to external users who are
interested in research collaborations with
employees of the MBI. A broad field of
disciplinary and interdisciplinary studies is
addressed, ranging from atomic, molecular
and chemical physics to biology, materials
science, liquids, polymers and semiconductors.
2. User statistics 2003
Presently access to seven femtosecond
systems for time resolved spectroscopy is
granted (see also the MBI homepage).
Furthermore, temporally limited access to
systems still under development or to
additional systems which are extremely
complex for user operation is also offered,
please contact directly the department heads
working closest to your field of interest.
The overall use of the fs-application labs is
about 75%. Taking into account the time for
service and repairs of the systems the total load
exceeds 90%. About 20% of the access time is
used by visiting scientists mainly supported by
the LIMANS programme of the European
Community. In addition one system especially
designed for investigation of material structuring
is used for about 2 month per year by a
local company based on a cooperation contract.
The guests come from Italy, Greece, Netherlands,
Spain, Russia, Korea, Sweden, France,
Japan and Austria and of course from Germany,
for a complete list please see appendix 5.
Publications
All publications which have emerged from
work in this facility are listed under the relevant
research projects.
Fig. 1:
Reflections on a
chirped mirror
spanning an octave
of frequencies.
This mirror is used
for the generation of
4.3-fs pulses.
47

48
Fig. 1:
Setup of target-system
and diagnostics at an
interaction-chamber
for studying high-field
laser driven ion
acceleration.
4-02: High-Field-Laser Application Laboratory (HFL)
M. Kalashnikov, P. V. Nickles (Project Coordinators)
1. Overview
The MBI high-field laser application
laboratory develops, applies and provides
femto- and picosecond laser systems
operating in a broad intensity range up to
10 19 W/cm 2 and beyond, complemented by
short-pulse, high-average-power lasers for
special applications. Apart from the research
towards highest possible intensities at high
pulse contrast, part of the activities is focussed
on diagnostics development for the on-line
characterisation of the laser parameters.
The HFL is located in a separate building
with restricted access due to radiation safety
and cleanliness considerations. Its structure
and equipment allows to perform laser-matter
interaction experiments such as single atom
ionisation as well as complex laser-plasma
interaction studies. The latter include incoherent
and coherent x-ray emission (collisional x-ray
laser) as well as generation and acceleration
of charged particles, with focussing on protons
and highly charged ions and their applications.
A diversity of diagnostic equipment with high
energetic (spectral), spatial and temporal
resolution, consisting of optical and x-ray streak
cameras, CCD cameras, x-ray and EUVspectrometers,
and Thomson spectrometers
is available.
According to the general mission of the
MBI these facilities are not only used for the
in-house research (mainly projects 1-02, 2-01
and 2-02), but also offered to external users
who are interested in research collaborations
with MBI groups. A broad field of disciplinary
and interdisciplinary studies is addressed,
ranging from atomic, laser and plasma physics
to material science, metrology up to industrial
relevant applications. The laboratory is also
open to external users in within the Trans-
national Access Activity of the 5 th and 6 th
Framework Programs of the EU (Integrated
Laser Infrastructure Network LASERLAB-
EUROPE). The following systems are in
operation:
• Two high-peak power lasers, capable of
delivering intensities between 10 18 and more
than 10 19 W/cm 2 , in particular, a 10 Hz CPA
20 TW (35 fs, 700 mJ) Ti:Sapphire laser and
a single shot ~10 TW (0.8 ps, ~8 J) glass
laser. Presently, synchronization of the two
system for unique proton imaging
experiments in laser-based plasma physics
is under development.
• One YLF burst mode laser (5 kW average
burst power, up to 1MHz repetition rate,
flexible pulse duration >3ps ) covering a
wide range of beam parameters like energy,
duration, repetition rate and intensity. This
system is typically used as unique driver
laser for research on or with incoherent
laser-plasma VUV-, EUV- and x-ray sources.
• Additionally, a prototype of a collisionally
excited nickel-like Ag X-ray laser at 13.9 nm
with output energy of several µJ in 30 ps,
using a shaped 3J picoscond pump pulse,
has been successfully demonstrated. While
this laser is, in principle, available for
applications, it is still subject to intensive
research efforts with the medium-term goal
of developing a novel table-top, highrepetition
rate and high average power EUV
laser.
The following supporting systems and
infrastructure are available in the high field
laser application laboratory:
• SPIDER for a quasi-on-line control of the
duration of the Ti:Sa laser pulse at full energy
(10 fs resolution)
• Implementation of an adaptive mirror- feedback
with wavefront controlling Hartmann
sensor, that resulted in a improvement of
the focus intensity, leading to an intensity of
about 10 19 W/cm 2
• Auto-correlator for on-line pulse duration
measurement of CPA-glass laser pulse
• Update of the beam propagation system for
five interaction chambers in separate laboratories,
surrounding the central laser hall
• Implementation of radiation protection system
for highly energetic charged particles and
x-rays (dosemeters)
• Peak intensity determination by single atom
ionisation measurement in inert gases (Xe,
Kr) 4 channel Thomson parabola for ion
spectra measurments and 4 channel neutron
TOF developed.

Additionally, during 2003 the following new
equipment has been developed and installed:
• 3 rd order correlator for the Ti:Sapphire laser
with high dynamics range as well as a sigle
shor 3 rd order correlator for the glass laser
system. Both for monitoring of shape and
contrast of the compressed highly energetic
pulses.
• System for on-line monitoring of the spectral
content of the glass laser pulses
• Experimental arrangement for guiding
experiments at relativistic intensities (see
also access experiments).
Furthermore the HFL-laboratory is equipped
with a variety of commercial diagnostics
enabling measurements with high spectral,
spatial and temporal resolution (optical and
x-ray streak and CCD cameras, different
spectrometers from optical down to x-ray
range).
2. User statistics 2003
Access to all four systems for laser matter
interaction studies is currently granted (see
above or the MBI homepage). Additionally,
temporally limited access to systems being
developed (for example incoherent x-ray
sources) were also offered for users.
The overall use (access time) of the HFLlasers
was about 55%. The time for
maintenance, repair and upgrading of the
systems amounted to 45% in 2003. About 18%
of the total access time goes to visiting
scientists mainly supported by the Transnational
Access program of the European
Community (FP5). Following access
experiments have been performed (see also
appendix 5):
Prof. H. Fiedorowicz, Institute of Optoelectronics
Warsaw, Investigation of an Axicon
arrangement for longitudinal pumping of Xray
lasers, January 2003 (EU);
Prof. A. Zigler, University of Jerusalem, Lasing
studies in plasmas of BN-micro-capillaries.
Pre-requisit for future high-repetetitive compact
X-ray lasers, Oct.2003 (GIF-project);
Prof. G. Tallents, University of York, Spectroscopic
investigations of the active medium of a nickellike
Ag-X-ray laser using a KAP crystal
spectrometer, Nov. 2003 (EU).
Publications
All publications which have emerged from
experiments in HFL laboratory are listed under
the relevant research projects.
49

50
Fig. 1:
Ultra high vacuum
apparatus for surfaces
studies at the MBI-
BESSY beamline
(U125/1-SGM)
at BESSY in Berlin
Adlershof.
4-03: MBI-BESSY Beamline
B. Winter (Project coordinator)
1. Overview
Max-Born-Institut (MBI) operates a user
facility at BESSY - the German 3 rd generation
high-brilliance synchrotron radiation source
located in Berlin. This special laboratory is
dedicated to experiments with combined
laser- (LR) and synchrotron radiation (SR)
aimed at studying the dynamics of photo
induced processes at surfaces and in
particular molecules at surfaces, including
surfaces of liquids and solutions (specific
examples of this work are described in project
3-01). Several laser systems with different
wavelengths and repetition rates are available
to meet the requirements for different experimental
applications.
Typically, excitation is done by LR pulses
(synchronized to either single or multi bunch
SR pulses), and probing is performed by timedelayed
SR pulses (ca. 30 ps SR pulse width).
By this technique various processes may be
studied, including charge carrier dynamics,
photoisomerization, phase transitions, photodissociation,
and others. Yet, our ultimate goal
is time-resolved two-color two-photon photoemission
(2C-2PPE) addressing transiently
excited electronic molecular states. The new
PGM beamline (available in the second
quarter of 2004) will provide a considerably
small focal size, ca. 50 µm, and high brilliance,
which is ideally combined with the required
high-pulse energies of the LR pump pulse for
the latter experiment. This pump pulse will be
realized by an amplified Ti:sapphire laser
system (partially developed at MBI; operational
in 2004), operating at 208 kHz. The system
delivers about 3 µJ pulse energy. Although
the repetition rate is best suited for the SR
single bunch (1.25 MHz rep. rate), a special
single-pump multiple-probe technique allows
for its use in multi bunch (500 MHz) operation.
For those experiments not requiring high pulse
energies, e.g. surface photovoltage dynamics
or simply film-charge compensation (see
3.01), either the (synchronized) Ti:sapphire
oscillator or an alternate laser system,
Nd:YVO 4 , effectively operating at 1.25 MHz (ca.
250 nJ/pulse) can be used.
The MBI-BESSY beamline (PGM U125) is
optimized for the lower photon energy range,
ca. 20-600 eV, thus giving access to the full
electronic valence band as well as to inner
shells, e.g. C1s and O1s being particularly
important for our experiments on organic thin
films and aqueous solutions (see 3.01). It is
then natural to explore resonant processes or
chemical shifts in the presence of LR
excitation, for the systems mentioned.
Presently, the MBI-BESSY beamline is a
so called CRG (cooperating research group)
implying that for about 50% of the available
SR beam time at the U125 undulator the
experiment is operated by MBI staff members
and 50% by BESSY. This includes guest
experiments with users from outside who are
assisted by MBI staff members. It is planned to
change this mode of operation by the end of
2005 when the MBI-BESSY beam line will

ecome available to a broader public and the
MBI team will then act as a ‘normal’ user group
at BESSY. Several developments at BESSY
are currently focused on making shorter SR
pulses available: the low-alpha mode (< 5 ps
pulse width), the fs beam slicing and last but
not least the plans for an FEL installation for
the EUV region. These plans will strongly
influence future MBI activities at BESSY in
general. The BESSY laser groups are strongly
involved in the present construction and
planning phases as far as laser know-how is
required.
2. Subprojects
Presently the following experimental
directions are most actively followed:
Operation of U125 PGM beamline
In March 2004 MBI experiments will be
relocated to the PGM U125 beamline (planned
to be ready June 2004). This includes
modifications of both experimental end stations
(see below) and a redesign of the present
refocusing chamber, including an optimal laser
light path. The construction and setup period
will be followed by a commissioning period,
before experiments can be continued. The new
setup will allow for accessing photon energies
up to 500 eV and provide a micro focus needed
for efficient detection of molecular excited states
in two photon pump probe experiments.
Experimental end stations: UHV surface
apparatus and liquid jet apparatus
The two experimental end stations are
being rebuilt in order to match the
requirements at the new PGM beamline. The
UHV surface apparatus contains various
standard surface-science tools necessary for
sample preparations (also sample transfer)
and characterization. A hemispherical electron
energy analyzer, rotatable (± 90°) around the
synchrotron light axis, is used for angleresolved
photo electron spectroscopy. Multichannel
detection for time-resolved photoemission
is available, which is crucial to avoid
being confined to single bunch operation only.
The modifications of the liquid jet apparatus
are largely concerned with making this
chamber more practical for combined LR and
SR pulse experiments, and also to allow for
measurements at the magic angle.
Laser systems and synchronization
The planning, installation and development
of suitable laser systems is done in close
collaboration with the laser groups at the MBI
(see also project 4-04). The following laser
systems are presently available for combined
LR and SR experiments (although all of them
are based on commercially available products
they had to be specifically adapted to the
needs of such experiments):
• (1) Ti:sapphire laser: 83 MHz rep. rate, 200
fs or 4 ps pulse width, ca. 2 W @ 760-950
nm, ca. 500 mW SH; synchronized to BESSY
multi bunch; accuracy better 5 ps
• (2) Nd:YVO 4 laser: 1.25 MHz rep. rate (pulsepicked
from 25 MHz oscillator), 14 ps pulse
width, ca. 200 mW @ 1064 nm, 100 nJ pulse
energy @ 532 nm; 1:1 synchronized with
BESSY single bunch (1.25 MHz); accuracy
better 5 ps
• (3) Amplified Ti:sapphire (REGA, Coherent),
with the oscillator currently designed at MBI
to achieve optimum synchronization
performance, will be available for our first
experiments at the PGM beamline.
Parameters: 208 kHz (possibly higher) rep.
rate, < 80 fs pulse width, > 3 µJ pulse energy
@ 800 nm; synchronization better 2 ps.
In particular the laser system (3) will be of
specific benefit for 2PPE experiments in single
bunch operation. A reconstructed design will
be available at the new PGM beamline (work
in progress). Notice that each laser is dedicated
to given experimental requirements.
3. Results
The technical and experimental achievements
at the MBI-BESSY Facility have been
documented for the project evaluation, as one
of BESSY’s CRGs, by an international board
in June 2003. The full report is documented
on the MBI home page (http://www.mbiberlin.de/de/research/projects/4-03/).
The
evaluation board concluded that “… the
collaboration BESSY and MBI has been
highly successful in establishing a worldclass
facility for experiments combining
modern laser techniques with synchrotron
radiation.”
Publications
All publications of MBI members of staff
which have emerged from work at the MBI-
BEAM line are listed under the respective
research projects.
51

52
Fig. 1:
Shape of a 4 mm
diameter He-Ne laser
beam after passing
through the Ti:sapphire
laser rod at different
pump powers of
0 W; 10 W; 20 W;
25 W; 30 W; 35 W.
The crystal temperature
is 20°C (left)
and –60°C (right).
4-04: Special laser development for applications
I. Will, N. Zhavaronkov
1. Overview
A new generation of diode pumped solidstate
lasers, such as "Corona" or "Evolution",
have opened a new possibilities for multi-kHz
femtosecond systems design with high
average and high peak powers, suitable as
drivers for noncoherent X-ray production and
high harmonics generation. Also special
applications at synchrotron radiation facilities
(e.g. BESSY in Berlin) such as femtosecond
beam-slicing for short-pulse hard X-ray
generation will strongly benefit from this
development. Another important application
will be in material processing with femtosecond
technology where up to now repetition rate
and average power were limiting factors for
broader applications. One main goal of the
project is the development of new ideas and
new technological know-how for a solid state
femtosecond laser system operated at high
average output power.
Another major effort of the project is
devoted to the development of picosecond
lasers systems at very high average powers,
both in the burst-mode and the quasi-cw
operation mode. MBI burst-mode lasers
operate with average powers up to 5kW during
bursts, making these laser systems unique for
research on high-power laser plasma sources,
e.g. for the EUV lithography. The main
applications, however, arise from various
collaborations with national and international
high-energy accelerator and Free Electron
Laser projects. MBI as an early member of the
international TESLA Collaboration has been
instrumental since 1994 in providing photocathode
lasers for the TESLA Test Facilities
TTFI and TTFII at DESY Hamburg, the PITZ
facility at Zeuthen, and the DESY VUV-FEL
and the future European X-FEL. In addition,
MBI provides an EU-funded OPCPA fs-laser
as a user station at the VUV-FEL, and the quasicw
photocathode laser for the superconducting
gun at the ELBE FEL in Rossendorf,
and participates in several research projects
for the planned VUV-FEL at BESSY. Since late
2003 MBI is embedded in international
consortia from several European FEL projects
to participate in EU-funded Design Studies on
future FEL’s.
2. Subprojects and Collaborations
UP1: High average power ultrafast laser
systems.
UP2: Unique laser systems for accelerators.
In collaboration with DESY Hamburg and
DESY Zeuthen). This project has been
supported by the BMBF, contract no 1SF9982.
3. Results in 2003
UP1:
In longitudinally pumped laser crystals the
origin of thermal effects is the Stokes shift
between the pump and the emission wavelengths.
For Ti:sapphire pumped at 532 nm
approximately 30 % of pump power will be
dissipated as a heat, even if the quantum
efficiency is close to unity. Pumping the

Ti:sapphire rod at a high pump power will
induce strong thermal lensing. One of the
methods to decrease very efficiently the
thermal lensing is to cool the Ti:sapphire crystal
to a lower temperature.
To this aim a special evacuated chamber
was designed on the basis of two-stage
thermo-electrical elements with a cooling
power of 100 W. The cooling power was
sufficient to cool the Ti:sapphire rod down to
the temperature of 210 K. Observation of the
wave front of the He-Ne laser beam after a
single pass through the Ti:sapphire crystal
pumped with varying pump power, shows a
significant reduction of the thermally induced
phase aberration for lower rod temperatures
as shown in Fig. 1.
The aberrative thermal lensing which
manifests itself as a high order transfer ring
structure will be insignificant in our rod for
the amplified beams which will be directed
with a proper mode-matching through strongly
pumped Ti:sapphire rod.
Using this amplification stage 1.5 mJ laser
pulses were further amplified to an energy of
9.2 mJ, leading to 45 fs pulses with 6 mJ
energy after compression. The spatial profile
of the laser beam was Gaussian with M 2
measured to be as less than 1.6. Due to the
good spatial distribution an almost diffraction
limited waist size is obtained with a peak
intensity of about 10 16 W/cm 2 . The technology
thus developed was used in project 3-04
“Ultrafast X-ray research”.
UP2:
In 2003 the second subproject mainly
deals with the development of photocathode
lasers for the TESLA Test Facility (TTF) and
DESY VUV-FEL, respectively, and for the
Photoinjector Test Facility at Zeuthen (PITZ).
The most important result is the development
of a novel diode-pumped front-end for
burst-mode photocathode lasers. It consists
of a diode-pumped oscillator with < 0.5 ps
synchronisation accuracy and two (optionally
three) stages of diode-pumped amplifiers. This
front end has been installed at the photocathode
lasers of the TESLA Test Facility (TTF)
in Hamburg, the Photoinjector Test Facility at
Zeuthen (PITZ), as well as at the optical pump/
probe laser system for the TTF FEL. The
development of this front end is a major step
towards a completely diode-pumped photocathode
laser for TESLA and PITZ. Fig. 2
illustrates the time structure of the laser pulses.
Significant improvements regarding the
technology of burst-mode photocathode lasers
have been achieved at PITZ. A novel spectral
pulse shaper allows for generation of trains of
flat-top pulses. An appropriate wavelength
conversion system has been set up which
Fig. 2:
Train of picosecond
pulses (upper trace)
required by the time
structure of the TESLA
linac.
Fig. 3:
Scheme of the PITZ
photocathode laser.
53

54
Fig. 4:
The pulse shape
experiences only
small distortion when
converted to the UV.
transfers the infrared flat-top pulses to the
forth harmonics (UV) with only negligible
deformation of the pulse shape. In addition, a
computer-controlled system stabilizing the
wavelength of the oscillator has been developed
and installed. This system compensates for
very small drifts of the center wavelength of
the laser in the order of 0.01 nm which would
otherwise severely distort the pulse shape.
Operating the laser at PITZ during 2003 was
a prerequisite for optimization and improvement
of the complete acceleration system.
The application of the flat-top laser pulses
for illumination of the photocathode of the
photoinjector at PITZ allowed to improve the
emittance of the generated electron beam.
Now the photoinjector reaches the emittance
of < 2 mm⋅mrad required by the TTF FEL.
Consequently, a similar laser will be installed
at the linac of the TESLA FEL in Hamburg.
Publications
All publications which have emerged in
connection with this project are listed under
project 1-02.

Appendices
55

Appendix 1
Publications
Publications which have appeared in 2003 are listed
alphabetically by labels (first letter(s) of authors names,
year 03 and a,b,c where necessary). At the end of this
list publications in press and submitted are listed
separately without year in the label.
AFF03: O. A. C. Alvaredo, A. Fring and C. Figueira de
Morisson Faria; Relativistic treatment of harmonics from
impurity systems in quantum wires; Phys. Rev. B 67
(2003) 125405-14
AMR03: D. Ashkenasi, G. Müller, A. Rosenfeld, R.
Stoian, I. V. Hertel, N. M. Bulgakova and E. E. B. Campbell;
Fundamentals and advantages of ultrafast micro
structuring of transparent materials; Appl. Phys. A 77
(2003) 223-8
BCe03: D. Bauer and F. Ceccherini; Dynamic two-color
stabilization of hydrogen; Laser Phys. 13 (2003) 475-83
BGK03: W. Becker, S. P. Goreslavskii, R. Kopold and
S. V. Popruzhenko; Quantum orbits and laser-induced
nonsequential double ionization; in Many-particle
quantum dynamics in atomic and molecular
fragmentation, V. P. Shevelko, and J. Ullrich eds.
(Springer, Berlin, 2003) Vol. 35, 185-204
BHJ03: R. Bakker, M. v. Hartrott, E. Jaeschke, D. Krämer,
J. P. Carneiro, K. Flöttmann, P. Piot, J. Roßbach, S.
Schreiber, K. Abrahamyan, J. Bähr, I. Bohnet, V.
Djordjadze, U. Gensch, H. J. Graboschi, Z. Li, D. Lipka,
A. Oppelt, B. Petrossyan, F. Stephan, P. Michelato, C.
Pagani, D. Sertore, V. Miltchev, I. Tsakov, A. Liero, H.
Redlin, W. Sandner, R. Schumann, I. Will, R. Cee, M.
Krassilnikov, S. Setzer and T. Weiland; First beam
measurements at the photo injector test facility at DESY
Zeuthen; Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-
Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. 507 (2003) 210-4
BMa03: D. Bauer and A. Macchi; Dynamical ionization
ignition of clusters in intense short laser pulses; Phys.
Rev. A 68 (2003) 033201/1-10
BTS03: S. Busch, S. Ter-Avetisyan, M. Schnürer, M. P.
Kalachnikov, V. Karpov, H. Schönnagel, H. Stiel, U. Vogt,
P. V. Nickles and W. Sandner; Ion acceleration with
ultrafast lasers; Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003) 3354-6
CBC03: F. Ceccherini, D. Bauer and F. Cornolti; Harmonic
generation by atoms in circularly polarized two-color
laser fields with coplanar polarizations and
commensurate frequencies; Phys. Rev. A 68 (2003)
053402/1-9
DMM03a: J. Dreyer, A. M. Moran and S. Mukamel;
Coherent three-pulse spectroscopy of coupled
vibrations in a rigid dipeptide: Density functional theory
simulations; J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 5967-85
DMM03b: J. Dreyer, A. M. Moran and S. Mukamel; Tensor
components in three pulse vibrational echoes of a rigid
dipeptide; Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 24 (2003) 1091-6
EEK03: T. Elsaesser, F. Eickemeyer, R. A. Kaindl, K.
Reimann and M. Woerner; Ultrafast intersubband
dynamics in quantum wells and quantum cascade
structures; in Proceedings of the International School
of Physics 'Enrico Fermi': Electron and Photon
Confinement in Semiconductor Nanostructures, B.
Deveaud, A. Quattropani, and P. Schwendimann eds.
(IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2003) 249-63
EGK03: U. Eichmann, T. F. Gallagher and R. M. Konik;
Fano Line Shapes Reconsidered: Symmetric
Photoionization Peaks from Pure Continuum Excitation;
Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 233004/1-4
EKE03: T. Elsaesser, R. A. Kaindl, F. Eickemeyer, K.
Reimann, M. Woerner, R. Hey, C. Miesner, K. Brunner
and G. Abstreiter; Ultrafast coherent and incoherent
dynamics of intersubband excitations in semiconductor
quantum wells; SPIE Proc. 4992 (2003) 154-64
ELR03: E. Eremina, X. Liu, H. Rottke, W. Sandner, A.
Dreischuh, F. Lindner, F. Grasborn, G. G. Paulus, H.
Walther, R. Moshammer, B. Feuerstein and J. Ullrich;
Laser-induced non-sequential double ionization investigated
below threshold for electron impact ionization;
Journal of Physics B-Atomic Molecular and Optical
Physics 36 (2003) 3269-80
ERW03: F. Eickemeyer, K. Reimann, M. Woerner, T.
Elsaesser, S. Barbieri, C. Sirtori, G. Strasser, T. Müller,
R. Bratschitsch and K. Unterrainer; Ultrafast coherent
electron transport in quantum cascade structures; in
Ultrafast Phenomena XIII, R. J. D. Miller, M. M. Murnane,
N. F. Scherer, and A. M. Weiner eds. (Springer Verlag,
Berlin, 2003) 356-8
FBe03: C. Figueira de Morisson Faria and W. Becker;
Quantum-orbit analysis of nonsequential double
ionization; Laser Phys. 13 (2003) 1196-204
FFL03: M. Fiebig, D. Fröhlich, T. Lottermoser, V. V. Pavlov,
R. V. Pisarev and H.-J. Weber; Second harmonic
generation of magnetic-dipole type in centrosymmetric
antiferromagnets NiO and KNiF 3 ; Journal of Magnetism
and Magnetic Materials 258-259 (2003) 110-3
FLP03a: M. Fiebig, T. Lottermoser and R. V. Pisarev; Spinrotation
phenomena and magnetic phase diagrams of
hexagonal RMnO 3 ; J. Appl. Phys. 93 (2003) 8194-6
FLP03b: M. Fiebig, T. Lottermoser, V. V. Pavlov and R. V.
Pisarev; Magnetic second harmonic generation in
centrosymmetric CoO, NiO, and KNiF 3 ; J. Appl. Phys.
93 (2003) 6900-2
57

58
FPi03: M. Fiebig and R. V. Pisarev; Nonlinear optical
spectroscopy and spin effects in magnetic compounds;
Physica status solidi (c) 0 (2003) 1449-52
FSP03: M. Fiebig, I. Sänger and R. V. Pisarev; Magnetic
phase diagram of CuB 2 O 4 ; J. Appl. Phys. 93 (2003)
6960-2
FTD03: H. Fidder, F. Tschirschwitz, O. Dühr and E. T. J.
Nibbering; Reaction dynamics of OCIO in solution; in
Recent advances in ultrafast spectroscopy;
Proceedings of the 'XII UPS Conference', S. Califano,
P. Foggi, and R. Righini eds. (Leo S. Olschki, Florence,
Italy, 2003) 105-10
FZP03a: S. V. Fomichev, D. F. Zaretsky, S. V. Popruzhenko
and W. Becker; Nonlinear excitation of the Mie
resonance in laser-irradiated cluster; Optics Express
11 (2003) 2433-9
FZP03b: S. V. Fomichev, D. F. Zaretsky, S. V. Popruzhenko
and W. Becker; Laser-induced nonlinear excitation of
collective electron motion; J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
36 (2003) 3817-34
GBS03: T. Gießel, D. Bröcker, P. Schmidt and W. Widdra;
Time-resolving and energy-dispersive photoelectron
detector for combined laser and synchrotron radiation
experiments; Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 (2003) 4620-4
GFH03: C. Gerth, J. Feldhaus, K. Honkavaara, K. D.
Kavanagh, P. Piot, L. Plucinski, S. Schreiber and I. Will;
Bunch length and phase stability measurements at the
TESLA test facility; Nuclear Instruments and Methods
in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers,
Detectors and Associated Equipment 507
(2003) 335-9
GGN03: R. Grunwald, U. Griebner, U. Neumann, A.
Kummrow, E. T. J. Nibbering, M. Rini, M. Piché, G.
Rousseau, M. Fortin, N. McCarthy and V. Kebbel;
Generation of ultrashort-pulse nondiffracting beams
and x-waves with thin-film axicons; in Ultrafast
Phenomena XIII, R. J. D. Miller, M. M. Murnane, N. F.
Scherer, and A. M. Weiner eds. (Springer Verlag, Berlin,
2003) 247-9
GKG03b: R. Grunwald, V. Kebbel, U. Griebner, U.
Neumann, A. Kummrow, E. T. J. Nibbering, M. Rini, M.
Piché, G. Rousseau and M. Fortin; Femtosecond laser
beam shaping with structured thin-film elements; SPIE
Proc. 4833 (2003) 354-61
GKG03c: R. Grunwald, V. Kebbel, U. Griebner, U.
Neumann, A. Kummrow, M. Rini, E. T. J. Nibbering, M.
Piché, G. Rousseau and M. Fortin; Generation and
characterization of spatially and temporally localized
few-cycle optical wave packets; Phys. Rev. A 67 (2003)
063820/1-5
GKN03: R. Grunwald, V. Kebbel, U. Neumann, U.
Griebner and M. Piché; Spatio-temporal processing of
femtosecond laser pulses with thin-film microoptics;
SPIE Proc. 5181 (2003) 1-11
GKP03: S. P. Goreslavski, A. Korneev, S. V. Popruzhenko,
R. Kopold and W. Becker; A closer look at electronelectron
correlation in laser-induced nonsequential
double ionization; J. Mod. Opt. 50 (2003) 423-40
GLE03: T. Guenther, C. Lienau, T. Elsaesser, M.
Glanemann, V. M. Axt and T. Kuhn; Coherent nonlinear
optical response of single quantum dots studied by
ultrafast near-field spectroscopy: reply to comment;
Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 139702
GML03: T. Guenther, K. Mueller, C. Lienau, T. Elsaesser,
S. Eshlagyi and A. D. Wieck; Ultrafast near-field pumpprobe
spectroscopy of quasi-one-dimensional transport
in a single quantum wire; in Ultrafast Phenomena XIII,
R. J. D. Miller, M. M. Murnane, N. F. Scherer, and A. M.
Weiner eds. (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2003) 345-9
GNG03: R. Grunwald, U. Neumann, U. Griebner, K.
Reimann, G. Steinmeyer and V. Kebbel; Ultrashort-pulse
wavefront autocorrelation; Opt. Lett. 28 (2003) 2399-
401
GPL03: A. V. Goltsev, R. V. Pisarev, T. Lottermoser and M.
Fiebig; Structure and interaction of antiferromagnetic
domain walls in hexagonal YMnO 3 ; Phys. Rev. Lett. 90
(2003) 177204/1-4
GRR: R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, V. I. Redkorechev,
K. Fostiropulos, G. Priebe and T. Usmanov; Variations
of nonlinear optical characteristics of C 60 thin films at
532 nm; Opt. Commun. 225 (2003) 131-9
HHC03: K. Hansen, K. Hoffmann and E. E. B. Campbell;
Thermal electron emission from the hot electronic
subsystem of vibrationally cold C 60 ; J. Chem. Phys. 119
(2003) 2513-22
HHD03: N. Huse, K. Heyne, J. Dreyer, E. T. J. Nibbering
and T. Elsaesser; Vibrational multilevel quantum
coherence due to anharmonic couplings in intermolecular
hydrogen bonds; Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003)
197401/1-4
HHe03a: A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann; Frequency
comb generation by Four-wave mixing in photonic
crystal fibers; Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003) 3867-9
HHe03b: A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann; Supercontinuum
generation in photonic crystal fibers made
from highly nonlinear glasses; Appl. Phys. B 77 (2003)
227-34
HHN03a: K. Heyne, N. Huse, E. T. J. Nibbering and T.
Elsaesser; Ultrafast coherent nuclear motions of
hydrogen bonded carboxylic acid dimers; Chem. Phys.
Lett. 369 (2003) 591-6
HHN03b: K. Heyne, N. Huse, E. T. J. Nibbering and T.
Elsaesser; Coherent vibrational dynamics of intermolecular
hydrogen bonds in acetic acid dimers
studied by ultrafast mid-infrared spectroscopy; J. Phys.:
Condens. Matter 15 (2003) S129-S136

HHN03c: K. Heyne, N. Huse, E. T. J. Nibbering and T.
Elsaesser; Ultrafast relaxation and anharmonic
coupling of O-H stretching and bending excitations in
cyclic acetic acid dimers; Chem. Phys. Lett. 382 (2003)
19-25
HJG03: K. Heister, L. S. O. Johansson, M. Grunze and
M. Zharnikov; A detailed analysis of the C 1s photoemission
of n-alkanethiolate films on noble metal
substrates; Surf. Science 529 (2003) 36-46
HMS03: F. Hatami, W. T. Masselink, L. Schrottke, J. W.
Tomm, V. Talalaev, C. Kristukat and A. R. Goni; InP
quantum dots embedded in GaP: Optical properties
and carrier dynamics; Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003) 085306/
1-8
HPH03: A. Husakou, V. P. Kalosha and J. Herrmann;
Nonlinear phenomena of ultra-broadband radiation in
photonic crystal fibers and hollow waveguides; in
Optical Solitons. Theoretical and Experimental
Challenges, K. Porsezian, and V. C. Kuriakose eds.
(Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2003) 299-325
HRN03: A.-K. Holm, M. Rini, E. T. J. Nibbering and H.
Fidder; Femtosecond UV/mid-IR study of photochromism
of the spiropyran 1' ,3' -dihydro-1' ,3' ,3' -
trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-(2H)-indole]
in solution; Chem. Phys. Lett. 376 (2003) 214-9
HSK03: F. W. Helbing, G. Steinmeyer and U. Keller;
Carrier-envelope offset phase-locking with attosecond
timing jitter; IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 9 (2003)
1030-40
HSt03: F. W. Helbing, G. Steinmeyer and U. Keller;
Carrier-envelope control of femtosecond lasers with
attosecond timing jitter; Laser Phys. 13 (2003) 644-51
IYL03: L. Isaenko, A. Yelisseyev, S. Lobanov, A. Titov, V.
Petrov, J.-J. Zondy, P. Krinitsin, A. Merkulov, V. Vedenyapin
and J. Smirnova; Growth and properties of LiGaX 2 (X=S,
Se, Te) single crystals for nonlinear optical applications
in the mid-IR; Cryst. Res. Technol. 38 (2003) 379-87
JBE03: D. Janssen, H. Büttig, P. Evtushenko, M. Freitag,
F. Gabriel, B. Hartmann, U. Lehnert, P. Michel, K. Möller,
T. Quast, B. Reppe, A. Schamlott, C. Schneider, R.
Schurig, J. Teichert, S. Konstantinov, S. Kruchkov, A.
Kudryavtsev, O. Myskin, V. Petrov, A. Tribendis, V. Volkov,
W. Sandner, I. Will, A. Matheisen, W. Moeller, M. Pekeler,
P. v. Stein and C. Haberstroh; First operation of a
superconducting RF-gun; Nuclear Instruments and
Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators,
Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
507 (2003) 314-7
JBL03: K. A. Janulewicz, F. Bortolotto, A. Lucianetti, W.
Sandner, P. V. Nickles, J. J. Rocca, N. Bobrova and P. V.
Sasorov; Fast capillary discharge plasma as a
preformed medium for longitudinally pumped
collisional x-ray lasers; J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20 (2003)
215-20
JGO03: R. Jung, S. Gerlach, G. v. Oppen and U.
Eichmann; Photoexcitation and ionization of cold metastable
helium atoms; in Interactions in ultracold gases:
from atoms to molecules, C. Z. M. Waidemüller ed. (Wiley,
2003) 394-8
JGS03: R. Jung, S. Gerlach, R. Schumann, G. v. Oppen
and U. Eichmann; Magneto-optical trapping of Starkslowed
metastable He atoms; Eur. Phys. J. D 23 (2003)
415-9
JLP03: K. A. Janulewicz, A. Lucianetti, G. Priebe, W.
Sandner and P. V. Nickles; Saturated Ni-like Ag X-ray
laser at 13.9 nm pumped by a single picosecond laser
pulse; Phys. Rev. A 68 (2003) 051802-5
JLS03: K. A. Janulewicz, A. Lucianetti, W. Sandner and
P. V. Nickles; X-ray lasers at MBI; Laser Technology VII:
Progress in Lasers, SPIE Proceedings 5230 (2003)
189-94
KBM03: R. Kopold, W. Becker and D. Milosevic; Quantum
orbits: a space-time picture of intense-laser-induced
processes in atoms; Phys. Scr. 68 (2003) C76-C81
KHe03a: V. P. Kalosha and J. Herrmann; Ultrabroadband
phase-amplitude modulation and compression of
extremely short UV and VUV pulses by Raman-active molecular
modulators; Phys. Rev. A 67 (2003) 031801/1-4
KHe03b: V. P. Kalosha and J. Herrmann; Compression
of single cycle MIR pulses by Raman active molecular
modulators; Opt. Lett. 28 (2003) 950-2
KHe03c: V. P. Kalosha and J. Herrmann; Ultrawide
spectral broadening and compression of single
extremely short pulses in the visible, UV/VUV, and
middle infrared by high-order stimulated Raman
scattering; Phys. Rev. A 68 (2003) 023812/1-24
KHM03: D. S. Kim, S. C. Hohng, V. Malyarchuk, Y. C.
Yoon, Y. H. Ahn, K. J. Yee, J. W. Park, J. Kim, Q. H. Park
and C. Lienau; Microscopic origin of surface plasmon
radiation in plasmonic band gap nanostructures; Phys.
Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 143901/1-4
KOK03: R. Komatsu, Y. Ono, T. Kajitani, F. Rotermund
and V. Petrov; Optical properties of a new nonlinear
borate crystal LiRbB 4 O 7 ; J. Cryst. Growth 257 (2003)
165-8
KPG03a: P. Klopp, V. Petrov, U. Griebner, V. Nesterenko,
V. Nikolov, M. Marinov, M. A. Bursukova and M. Galan;
Continuous-wave lasing of a stoichiometric Yb laser
material: KYb(WO 4 ) 2 ; Opt. Lett. 28 (2003) 322-4
KPG03b: P. Klopp, V. Petrov and U. Griebner; Potassium
ytterbium tungstate provides the smallest laser
quantum defect; Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 (2003) 246-8
KPGc03: P. Klopp, V. Petrov, U. Griebner, V. Nikolov, V.
Nesterenko and T. Kirilov; Continuous wave lasing of
Yb 3+ in a stoichiometric double tungstate; SPIE Proc.
4968 (2003) 46-53
59

60
KSH03: V. Kalosha, M. Spanner, J. Herrmann and M.
Ivanov; Generation of single dispersion precompensated
1-fs pulses by shaped pulse optimized
high-order stimulated raman scattering; in Recent
Advances in Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Proceedings of
the "XII VPS Conference", S. Califano, P. Foggi, and R.
Righini eds. (Leo S. Olschki Editore MMIII, Firenze,
2003) 231-7
KWV03: V. Kozich, W. Werncke, A. I. Vodchits and J.
Dreyer; Ultrafast excitation of out-of-plane vibrations
and vibrational energy redistribution after internal
conversion of 4-nitroaniline; J. Chem. Phys 118 (2003)
1808-14
LLS03: B. Lohmann, B. Langer, G. Snell, U. Kleiman, S.
Canton, M. Martins, U. Becker and N. Berrah; Angle
and spin resolved analysis of the resonantly excited
Ar*(2p4s1/2)J=1 auger decay; in AIP Conference
Proceedings, Atomic, Molecular and Chemical Physics,
G. F. Hanne, L. Malegat, and H. Schmidt-Böcking eds.
(AIP Publishing Center, Melville, NY, 2003) Vol. 697,
133-44
LSH03a: H. Lippert, V. Stert, L. Hesse, C. P. Schulz, I. V.
Hertel and W. Radloff; Indole(NH 3 ) n clusters: Hydrogen
atom transfer initiated by femtosecond laser pulses; in
Ultrafast Phenomena XIII, R. D. Miller, M. M. Murmane,
N. F. Scherer, and A. M. Weiner eds. (Springer Verlag,
Berlin, 2003) 110-2
LSH03b: H. Lippert, V. Stert, L. Hesse, C. P. Schulz, I. V.
Hertel and W. Radloff; Analysis of hydrogen atom
transfer in photoexcited indole(NH 3 ) n clusters by
femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy;
J. Phys. Chem. A 107 (2003) 8239-50
LSH03c: H. Lippert, V. Stert, L. Hesse, C. P. Schulz, I. V.
Hertel and W. Radloff; Isotope effect of the photoinduced
H(D)-transfer reaction in indole-ammonia clusters;
Chem. Phys. Lett. 371 (2003) 208-16
LSH03d: H. Lippert, V. Stert, L. Hesse, C. P. Schulz, I. V.
Hertel and W. Radloff; Ultrafast photoinduced processes
in indole-water clusters; Chem. Phys. Lett. 376 (2003)
40-8
MBe03a: D. B. Milosevic and W. Becker; Relativistic highorder
harmonic generation; J. Mod. Opt. 50 (2003) 375-86
MDM03a: A. A. Moran, J. Dreyer and S. Mukamel; Ab
initio simulation of the two-dimensional vibrational
spectrum of dicarbonylacetylacetonato rhodium(I); J.
Chem. Phys 118 (2003) 1347-55
MDM03b: A. A. Moran, S.-M. Park, J. Dreyer and S.
Mukamel; Linear and nonlinear infrared signatures of
local α- and 3 10 -helical structures in alanine polypeptides;
J. Chem. Phys 118 (2003) 3651-9
MDP03: G. Mussler, L. Däweritz, K. H. Ploog, J. W. Tomm
and V. Talalaev; Optimized annealing conditions
identified by analysis of radiative recombination in
dilute Ga(As,N); Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003) 1343-5
MGB03a: D. B. Milosevic, A. Gazibegovic-Busuladvic
and W. Becker; Direct and rescattered electrons in
above-threshold detachment from negative ions; Phys.
Rev. A 68 (2003) 050702(R)/1-4
MML03: R. Müller, V. Malyarchuk and C. Lienau; Threedimensional
theory on light-induced near-field dynamics
in a metal film with a periodic array of nanoholes; Phys.
Rev. B 68 (2003) 205415/1-9
MPB03: D. B. Milosevic, G. G. Paulus and W. Becker;
High-order above-threshold ionization with few-cycle
pulse: a meter of the absolute phase; Optics Express
11 (2003) 1418-29
MPB03b: D. B. Milosevic, G. G. Paulus and W. Becker;
Above-threshold ionization with few-cycle pulses and
the relevance of the absolute phase; Laser Phys. 13
(2003) 948-58
MUF03a: R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, B. Feuerstein, D.
Fischer, A. Dorn, C. D. Schröter, J. R. C. Lopez-Urrutia,
C. Höhr, H. Rottke, C. Trump, M. Wittmann, G. Korn, K.
Hoffmann and W. Sandner; Strongly directed electron
emission in non-sequential double ionization of Ne by
intense laser pulses; J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 36
(2003) L113-L119
MUF03b: R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, B. Feuerstein, D.
Fischer, A. Dorn, C. D. Schröter, J. R. C. López-Urrutia,
C. Höhr, H. Rottke, C. Trump, M. Wittmann, G. Korn and
W. Sandner; Rescattering of ultra-low energy electrons
for single ionization of Ne in the tunnelling regime; Phys.
Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 113002/1-4
NGG03: U. Neumann, R. Grunwald, U. Griebner, G.
Steinmeyer, M. Woerner and W. Seeber; Second
harmonic characteristics of photonic composite glass
layers with ZnO nanocrystallites for ultrafast
applications; SPIE Proc. 4972 (2003) 112-21
PNR03: V. Petrov, F. Noack, F. Rotermund, V.
Pasiskevicius, A. Fragemann, F. Laurell, H. Hundertmark,
P. Adel and C. Fallnich; Efficient all-diode-pumped
double stage femtosecond optical parametric chirped
pulse amplification at 1-kHz with periodically poled
KTiOPO 4 ; Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 (2003) L1327-L1329
PWF03: D. Pop, B. Winter, W. Freyer, I. V. Hertel and W.
Widdra; Electronic structure of metal-free porphyrazine
in thin films; J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 11543-647
RDN03: M. Rini, J. Dreyer, E. T. J. Nibbering and T.
Elsaesser; Ultrafast vibrational relaxation processes
induced by intramolecular excited state hydrogen
transfer; Chem. Phys. Lett. 374 (2003) 13-9
RGR03: A. I. Ryasnyanskiy, R. A. Ganeev, V. I.
Redkorechev, K. Fostiropoulos, G. Priebe and T.
Usmanov; Nonlinear optical characteristics of C 60 thin
films; Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Carbon Nanostructures
12 (2003) 333-9

RHN03: M. Rini, A.-K. Holm, E. T. J. Nibbering and H.
Fidder; Ultrafast UV-mid IR investigation of the ring
opening reaction of a photochromic spiropyran; J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 125 (2003) 3028-34
RKD03: M. Rini, A. Kummrow, J. Dreyer, E. T. J. Nibbering
and T. Elsaesser; Ultrafast site-specific mid-infrared
spectroscopy of excited-state intramolecular proton
transfer; in Ultrafast Phenomena XIII, R. J. D. Miller, M.
M. Murnane, N. F. Scherer, and A. M. Weiner eds.
(Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2003) 465-7
RLi03: M. B. Raschke and C. Lienau; Apertureless nearfield
optical microscopy: Tip-sample coupling in elastic
light scattering; Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003) 5089-91
RMP03: M. Rini, B.-Z. Magnes, E. Pines and E. T. J.
Nibbering; Real-time observation of bimodal proton
transfer in acid-base pairs in water; Science 301 (2003)
349-52
Rot03: H. Rottke; Non-sequential multiple ionization in
strong laser pulses; in Many-particle quantum dynamics
in atomic and molecular fragmentation, V. P. Shevelko,
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RRK03: F. Rinner, J. Rogg, M. T. Kelemen, M. Mikulla, G.
Weimann, J. W. Tomm, E. Thamm and R. Poprawe; Facet
temperature reduction by a current blocking layer at
the front facets of high-power InGaAs/AlGaAs lasers; J.
Appl. Phys. 93 (2003) 1848-50
RSW03: K. Reimann, R. P. Smith, A. M. Weiner, T.
Elsaesser and M. Woerner; Direct field-resolved
detection of terahertz transients with amplitudes of
megavolts per centimeter; Opt. Lett. 28 (2003) 471-3
SBS03: C. P. Schulz, C. Bobbert, T. Shimosato, K.
Daigoku, N. Miura and K. Hashimoto; Electronically
excited states of sodium-water-clusters; J. Chem. Phys.
119 (2003) 11620-9
SBT03a: R. Stoian, M. Boyle, A. Thoss, A. Rosenfeld, G.
Korn and I. V. Hertel; Dynamic temporal pulse shaping
in advanced ultrafast laser material processing; Appl.
Phys. A 77 (2003) 265-9
SBT03b: R. Stoian, M. Boyle, A. Thoss, A. Rosenfeld, G.
Korn and I. V. Hertel; Ultrafast laser material processing
using dynamic temporal pulse shaping; RIKEN Review
50 (2003) 71-6
SBT03c: R. Stoian, M. Boyle, A. Thoss, A. Rosenfeld, G.
Korn and I. V. Hertel; Advanced ultrafast laser material
processing using temporal pulse shaping; in SPIE Proc.,
I. Miyamoto, K. F. Kobayashi, K. Sugioka, R. Poprawe,
and H. Helvajian eds. (2003) Vol. 4830, 435-42
SGr03: G. Seewald and R. Grunwald; Spatially resolved
measurement of slow-axis pseudo near-field of diode
laser arrays; SPIE Proc. 4833 (2003) 900-5
SIK03: M. Spanner, M. Ivanov, V. Kalosha, J. Herrmann,
D. A. Wiersma and M. Pshenichnikov; Tunable optimal
compression of ultrabroadbandpulses by cross-phase
modulation; Opt. Lett. 28 (2003) 749-51
SKT03: M. Spyridaki, E. Koudoumas, P. Tzanetakis, C.
Fotakis, R. Stoian, A. Rosenfeld and I. V. Hertel; Temporal
pulse manipulation and ion generation in ultrafast laser
ablation of silicon; Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003) 1474-6
SMG03: Y. S. Skibina, L. A. Melnikov, P. Glas, D. Fischer
and R. Wedell; Loss measurements in perfect-structure
glass holey fibers; SPIE Proc. 5067 (2003) 190-3
SMH03: J. Stenger, D. Madsen, P. Hamm, E. T. J.
Nibbering and T. Elsaesser; A mid-infrared photon echo
study of liquid water; in Ultrafast Phenomena XIII, R. J.
D. Miller, M. M. Murnane, N. F. Scherer, and A. M. Weiner
eds. (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2003) 577-9
SMT03: C. Steglich, C. W. Mullineux, K. Teuchner, W. R.
Hess and H. Lokstein; Photophysical properties of
Prochlorococcus marinus SS120 divinyl chlorophylls
and phycoerythrin in vitro and in vivo; FEBS Lett. 553
(2003) 79-84
SST03: F. Scholze, F. Scholz, J. Tuemmler, G. Ulm, H.
Legall, P. V. Nickles, W. Sandner, H. Stiel and L. v. Loyen;
Characterization of a laser-produced plasma source
for a laboratory EUV reflectometer; SPIE Proc. 5037
(2003) 670-81
Ste03a: G. Steinmeyer; Brewster-angled chirped mirrors
for high-fidelity dispersion compensation and bandwidths
exceeding one optical octave; Optics Express
11 (2003) 2385-96
Ste03b: G. Steinmeyer; Carrier-envelope dynamics and
stabilization of few-cycle laser sources; IEEE LEOS
Newsletter 17 (2003) 8-9
Ste03c: G. Steinmeyer; A review of ultrafast optics and
optoelectronics; J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5 (2003) R1-R15
Ste03d: G. Steinmeyer; Dispersion oscillations in ultrafast
phase-correction devices; IEEE J. Quantum Elect.
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STM03: M. P. Semtsiv, G. G. Tarasov, W. T. Masselink, H.
Kissel and M. Woerner; Midinfrared intersubband
absorption in strain-compensated InGaP/InGaAs
superlattices on (001) GaAs; Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003)
3418-20
TGM03a: J. W. Tomm, A. Gerhardt, R. Müller, V.
Malyarchuk, Y. Sainte-Marie, P. Galtier, J. Nagle and J.-
P. Landesman; Spatially-resolved spectroscopic strain
measurements on high-power laser diode bars; J. Appl.
Phys. 93 (2003) 1354-62
TGM03b: J. W. Tomm, A. Gerhardt, R. Müller, M. L.
Biermann, J. P. Holland, D. Lorenzen and E. Kaulfersch;
Quantitative strain analysis in AlGaAs-based devices;
Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003) 4193-5
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TMF03: K. Teuchner, S. Mueller, W. Freyer, D. Leupold, P.
Altmeyer, M. Stuecker and K. Hoffmann; Femtosecond
two-photon excited fluorescence of melanin; SPIE Proc.
4797 (2003) 211-9
TMT03: J. W. Tomm, T. Elsaesser, Y. I. Mazur, H. Kissel, G.
G. Tarasov, Z. Y. Zhuchenko and W. T. Masselink; Transient
luminescence of dense InAs/GaAs quantum dot arrays;
Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003) 045326/1-8
TRK03: A. Thoss, M. Richardson, G. Korn, M. Faubel, H.
Stiel, U. Vogt and T. Elsaesser; kHz sources of hard xray
and fast ions with femtosecond laser-plasmas; J.
Opt. Soc. Am. B 20 (2003) 224-8
TRT03: J. W. Tomm, F. Rinner, E. Thamm, C. Ribbat, R.
Sellin and D. Bimberg; Analysis of heat flows and their
impact on the reliability of high-power diode lasers;
SPIE Proc. 4993 (2003) 91-9
TSL03: G. Turri, G. Snell, B. Langer, M. Martins, E. Kukk,
S. E. Canton, R. C. Bilodeau, N. Cherepkov, J. D. Bozek
and N. Berrah; Probing the molecular environment
using spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy; in AIP
Conference Proceedings, Atomic, Molecular and
Chemical Physics, G. F. Hanne, L. Malegat, and H.
Schmidt-Böcking eds. (AIP Publishing Center, Melville,
NY, 2003) Vol. 697, 48-54
TSS03: S. Ter-Avetisyan, M. Schnürer, H. Stiel and P. V.
Nickles; A high-density sub-micron liquid spray for laser
driven radiation sources; J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 36
(2003) 2421-6
TVS03: S. Ter-Avetisyan, U. Vogt, H. Stiel, M. Schnürer,
I. Will and P. V. Nickles; Efficient extreme ultraviolet
emission from xenon-cluster jet targets at high repetition
rate laser illumination; J. Appl. Phys. 94 (2003) 5489-96
VBB03: L. v. Loyen, T. Boettger, S. Braun, H. Mai, A.
Leson, F. Scholze, J.Tuemmler, G. Ulm, H. Legall, P. V.
Nickles, W. Sandner, H. Stiel, C. E. Rempel, M. Schulze,
J. Brutscher, F. Macco and S. Muellender; New
laboratory EUV reflectometer for large optics using a
laser plasma source; SPIE Proc. 5038 (2003) 12-21
WBG03: W. Widdra, D. Bröcker, T. Gießel, I. V. Hertel, W.
Krüger, A. Liero, F. Noack, V. Petrov, D. Pop, P. M. Schmidt,
R. L. Weber, I. Will and B. Winter; Time-resolved core level
photoemission: Surface photovoltage dynamics of the
SiO 2 /Si(100) interface; Surf. Science 543 (2003) 87-94
WKD03: W. Werncke, V. Kozich, J. Dreyer, M. Rini, A.
Kummrow and T. Elsaesser; Vibrational excitation and
energy redistribution due to back-electron transfer
in para-nitroaniline; in Recent advances in ultrafast
spectroscopy; Proceedings of the 'XII UPS Conference',
S. Califano, P. Foggi, and R. Righini eds. (Leo S. Olschki,
Florence, Italy, 2003) 397-403
WWF03: I. Waldmüller, M. Woerner, J. Förstner and A.
Knorr; Theory of the lineshape of quantum well intersubband
transitions: optical dephasing and light propagation
effects; Phys. status solidi B 238 (2003) 474-7
WWH03: R. Weber, B. Winter, I. V. Hertel, B. Stiller, S.
Schrader, L. Brehmer and N. Koch; Photoemission from
azobene alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers; J.
Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 7768-75
ZGM03: N. Zhavoronkov, Y. Gritsai, P. Micheev, A.
Savelev, G. Korn and T. Elsaesser; High repetition rate
femtosecond laser driven hard X-ray source and its
application for diffraction experiments; in UFO IV
(Springer Verlag, 2003) 323-7
in press
Bau: D. Bauer; Plasma formation through field ionization
in intense Laser-Matter Interaction; Laser Part. Beams
BGW: D. Bröcker, T. Gießel and W. Widdra; Charge carrier
dynamics at the Si=2/Si(100) surface: A time -resolved
photoemission study with combined laser and synchrotron
radiation; J. Chem. Phys.
BKK: I. A. Begishev, M. P. Kalachnikov, V. Karpov, I. A.
Kulagin, P. V. Nickles, H. Schönnagel and T. Usmanov;
Limitation of second harmonic generation of
femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser pulses; Journal of the
Optical Society of America
BSRa: N. M. Bulgakova, R. Stoian, A. Rosenfeld, I. V.
Hertel and E. E. B. Campbell; Electronic transport and
consequences for material removal in ultrafast pulsed
laser ablation of material; Phys. Rev. B
EHH: T. Elsaesser, K. Heyne, N. Huse and E. T. J.
Nibbering; Ultrafast vibrational dynamics of hydrogen
bonded dimers in solution; in Time-Resolved
Vibrational Spectroscopy XI
Elsa: T. Elsaesser, K. Heyne, N. Huse and E. T. J.
Nibbering; Ultrafast vibrational dynamics of hydrogenbonded
dimers in solution; in Ultrafast molecular events
in chemistry and biology, J. T. Hynes, and M. M. Martin
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Elsb: T. Elsaesser; Femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy
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FEC: M. Fiebig, V. Eremenko and I. Chupis (eds.),
Magnetoelectric interaction phenomena in crystals,
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FFL: M. Fiebig, D. Fröhlich, T. Lottermoser and S.
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Fie: M. Fiebig; Magnetoelectric interaction in crystals
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interaction phenomena in crystals, V. Eremenko,
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FLG: M. Fiebig, T. Lottermoser, A. V. Goltsev and R. V.
Pisarev; Structure and interaction of domain walls in
YMnO 3 ; Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

FMT: W. Freyer, S. Müller and K. Teuchner; Photophysical
properties of benzo-annelated metal-free; J. Photoch.
Photobio. A: Chem.
FPi: M. Fiebig and R. V. Pisarev; Nonlinear optics – a
powerful tool for the investigation of magnetic structures;
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
FRN: H. Fidder, M. Rini and E. T. J. Nibbering; The role of
large conformational changes in efficient ultrafast
internal conversation: Deviations from the energy gap
law.; J. Am. Chem. Soc.
FRo: C. Figueira de Morisson Faria and I. Rotter; Highorder
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GLS: M. Grimm, B. Langer, S. Schlemmer, T. Lischke, W.
Widdra, D. Gerlich, U. Becker and E. Rühle; New setup
to study trapped nano-particles using synchrotron
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Molecular and Chemical Physics
GNe: R. Grunwald and U. Neumann; VUV beam array
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GNGa: R. Grunwald, U. Neumann, U. Griebner, V. Kebbel
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beams with thin-film shapers; SPIE Proc.
GNGb: R. Grunwald, U. Neumann, U. Griebner, K.
Reimann, G. Steinmeyer and V. Kebbel; Wavefront
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GTO: A. Gerhard, J. W. Tomm, M. Oudart, Y. Sainte-Marie
and J. Nagle; Simultaneous quantitative determination
of strain and defect profiles within the active region
along high-power diode laser bars by micro-photocurrent
mapping; The European Physical Journal -
Applied Physics
HFU: K. Heister, S. Frey, A. Ulman, M. Grunze and M.
Zharnikov; Irradiation sensitivity of self-assembled
monolayers with an introduced "Weak Link"; Langmuir
HGP: O. Henneberg, T. Geue, U. Pietsch, M. Saphiannikova
and B. Winter; Investigation of azobenzene side group
orientation in polymer surface relief gratings by means
of photoelectron spectroscopy; Appl. Phys. Lett.
JLP: K. A. Janulewicz, A. Lucianetti, G. Priebe and P. V.
Nickles; Review of state-of-the-art and about
characteristics table-top sof X-ray lasers; X-ray
Spectrometry
JPL: K. A. Janulewicz, G. Priebe, A. Lucianetti, R. Krömer,
W. Sandner, R. E. King, G. J. Pert and P. V. Nickles; Output
characteristics of a transient Ni-like Ag soft X-ray laser
pumped by a single picosecond laser probe; SPIE Proc.
KPG: P. Klopp, V. Petrov, U. Griebner, K. Petermann, V.
Peters and G. Erbert; Highly-efficient mode-locked
Yb:Sc 2 O 3 laser; Opt. Lett.
KSS: E. Koudoumas, M. Spyridaki, R. Stoian, A.
Rosenfeld, P. Tzanetakis, I. V. Hertel and C. Fotakis;
Influence of pulse temporal manipulation on the
properties of Si ion beams; Thin Solid Films
LAM: V. Lehtovuori, J. Aumanen, P. Myllyperkiö, M. Rini,
E. T. J. Nibbering and J. Korppi-Tommola; Transient mid-
IR study of light induced dissociation reaction of Ru
(dcbpy)(CO) 2 I 2 in solution; J. Phys. Chem. A
Liea: C. Lienau; Ultrafast near-field spectroscopy of
single semiconductor quantum dots; Philos. Trans. R.
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Lieb: C. Lienau; Femtosecond near-field spectroscopy
of single quantum dots; in SPIE Proc.
LIG: C. Lienau, F. Intonti, T. Guenther, T. Elsaesser, V.
Savona, R. Zimmermann and E. Runge; Near-field
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quantum wells; Phys. Rev. B
LJK: A. Lucianetti, K. A. Janulewicz, R. Kroemer, G.
Priebe, J. Tümmler, W. Sandner, P. V. Nickles and V. I.
Redkorechev; Transient spatial coherence of a transient
Ni-like Ag soft X-ray laser pumped by a single
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LLS: D. Leupold, H. Lokstein and H. Scheer; Excitation
energy transfer between (bacterio)chlorophylls - the role
of excitonic coupling; in Biochemistry and Biophysics of
Chlorophylls, B. Grimm, R. Porra, W. Rüdiger, and H.
Scheer eds. (Kluwer)
LRWa: C. W. Luo, K. Reimann, M. Woerner, T. Elsaesser,
R. Hey and K. H. Ploog; Phase-resolved nonlinear
response of a two-dimensional electron gas under
femtosecond intersubband excitation; Phys. Rev. Lett.
LRWb: C. W. Luo, K. Reimann, M. Woerner and T.
Elsaesser; Nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy of semiconductor
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LRWc: C. W. Luo, K. Reimann, M. Woerner, T. Elsaesser,
R. Hey and K. H. Ploog; Rabi oscillations of intersubband
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Technol.
LSSa: H. Lippert, V. Stert, C. P. Schulz, I. V. Hertel and
W. Radloff; Comparison of ultrafast photoinduced
processes in indole(NH 3 ) n and indole(H 2 O) 4 clusters;
in Femtochemistry VI; Femtochemistry and Femtobiology:
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MBe b: D. B. Milosevic and W. Becker; Classical cutoffs
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Phys. Rev. A
NEl: E. T. J. Nibbering and T. Elsaesser; Ultrafast
vibrational dynamics of hydrogen bonds in the
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NGG: U. Neumann, R. Grunwald, U. Griebner, G.
Steinmeyer and W. Seeber; Second harmonic efficiency
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NJP: P. V. Nickles, K. A. Janulewicz, G. Priebe, A.
Lucianetti, R. Krömer, A. K. Gerlitzke and W. Sandner;
Status of MBI activities – Will transient collisional X-ray
laser with high repetition rate came soon?; SPIE Proc.
NJS: P. V. Nickles, K. A. Janulewicz and W. Sandner;
Table top X-ray lasers in short laser pulse and
discharge driven plasmas; in Strong laser field physics,
H. K. T. Brabec ed.
PBP: V. Petrov, V. Badikov, V. Panyutin, G. Shevyrdaeva,
S. Sheina and F. Rotermund; Mid-IR optical parametric
amplification with femtosecond pumping near 800 nm
using Cd x Hg 1-x Ga 2 S 4 ; Opt. Commun.
PBS: V. Petrov, V. Badikov, G. Shevyrdyaeva, V. Panyutin
and V. Chizhikov; Phase-matching properties and
optical parametric amplification in single crystals of
AgGaGeS 4 ; Opt. Mat.
PNS: V. Petrov, F. Noack, D. Shen, F. Pan, G. Shen, X.
Wang, R. Komatsu and V. Alex; Application of the
nonlinear crystal SrB 4 O 7 for ultrafast diagnostics converting
to wavelengths as short as 125 nm; Opt. Lett.
PYI: V. Petrov, A. Yelisseyev, L. Isaenko, S. Lobanov, A.
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RAs: A. Rosenfeld and D. Ashkenasi; Ultra short laser
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RLS: H.-H. Ritze, H. Lippert, V. Stert, W. Radloff and I. V.
Hertel; Theoretical study of the hydrogen atom transfer
in the heterodimer indole-ammonia and comparison
with experimental results; J. Chem. Phys.
RMM: M. Rini, O. F. Mohammed, B.-Z. Magnes, E. Pines
and E. T. J. Nibbering; Bimodal intermolecular proton
transfer in water: photoacid-base pairs studied with
ultrafast infrared spectroscopy; in Ultrafast molecular
events in chemistry and biology, J. T. Hynes, and M. M.
Martin eds. (Elsevier, Amsterdam)
SBe: M. B. Smirnov and W. Becker; X-ray radiation in
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SCS: C. P. Schulz, P. Claas, D. Schumacher and F.
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clusters; Phys. Rev. Lett.
SEH: C. Stanciu, R. Ehlich and I. V. Hertel;
Photopolymerization of C 60 and Li@C 60 studied by
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SKe: G. Steinmeyer and U. Keller; Optical comb
dynamics and stabilization; in Femtosecond Optical
Frequency Comb: Principle, Operation, and
Applications, J. Ye, and S. Cundiff eds. (Kluwer
Academic Publishing, Norwell, MA)
SSH: C. P. Schulz, A. Scholz and I. V. Hertel; Ultrafast
energy redistiribution in photoexcited sodium-ammonia
clusters; Isr. J. Chem.
SSV: G. Sansone, G. Steinmeyer, C. Vozzi, S. Stagira,
M. Nisoli, S. D. Silvestri, K. Starke, D. Ristau, B. Schenkel,
J. Biegert, A. Gosteva and U. Keller; Mirror dispersion
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Stea: G. Steinmeyer; Ultrafast Optoelectronics; in
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Steb: G. Steinmeyer; Nonlinear and short pulse effects;
in Handbook of Optoelectronics
TGB: J. W. Tomm, A. Gerhard, M. L. Biermann and J. P.
Holland; Quantitative spectroscopic strain analysis of
AlGaAs-based high-power diode laser devices; The
European Physical Journal - Applied Physics
TSG: J. W. Tomm, V. Strelchuk, A. Gerhard, U. Zeimer, M.
Zorn, H. Kissel, M. Weyers and J. Jiménez; Properties
of As + implanted and annealed GaAs and InGaAs
quantum-wells: structural and band-structure modifications;
J. Appl. Phys.
TSL: G. Turri, G. Snell, B. Langer, M. Martins, E. Kukk,
S. E. Canton, R. C. Bilodeau, N. Cherepkov, J. D. Bozek,
A. L. Kilcoyne and N. Berrah; Probing the molecular
environment using spin-resolved photoelectron
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UML: T. Unold, K. Müller, C. Lienau and T. Elsaesser;
Space and time resolved coherent optical
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Technol.
USZ: S. Ullrich, T. Schultz, M. Z. Zgieski and A. Stolow;
Direct observation of electronic relaxation dynamics in
Adenine via time-resolved photoelecton spectroscopy;
J Am. Chem. Soc.
VCL: J. Viefhaus, S. Cvejanovic, B. Langer, T. Lischke,
G. Prümper, D. Rolles, A. V. Golovin, A. N. Grum-
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WKV: W. Werncke, V. Kozich, A. I. Vodchits and J. Dreyer;
Ultrafast excitation of out-of-plane vibrations and
vibrational energy redistribution after internal conversion
of 4-nitroaniline; in Time-Resolved Vibrational
Spectroscopy XI
WRE: M. Woerner, K. Reimann and T. Elsaesser;
Coherent charge transport in semiconductor quantum
cascade structures; J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

WRW: Z. Wang, K. Reimann, M. Woerner, T. Elsaesser,
D. Hofstetter, J. Hwang, W. J. Schaff and L. F. Eastman;
Femtosecond intersubband dynamics of electrons in
AlGaN/GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistors;
Semicond. Sci. Technol.
WWW: B. Winter, R. Weber, W. Widdra, M. Dittmar, M.
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Phys. Chem. B
ZKo: N. Zhavoronkov and G. Korn; Regenerative
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ZRH: T. Zemojtel, M. Rini, K. Heyne, T. Dandekar and E. T.
J. Nibbering; NO bound myoglobin: Structural diversity
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ASA: A. Aznar, R. Solé, M. Aguiló, F. Diaz, U. Griebner,
R. Grunwald and V. Petrov; Growth, optical
characterization and laser operation of epitaxial
Yb:KY(WO 4 ) 2 /KY(WO 4 ) 2 composites with monoclinic
structure; Appl. Phys. Lett.
BSRb: N. M. Bulgakova, R. Stoian, A. Rosenfeld, E. E. B.
Campbell and I. V. Hertel; Model description of surface
charging during ultrafast laser ablation of materials;
Appl. Phys. A
BST: S. Busch, O. Shirjaev, S. Ter-Avetisyan, M. Schnürer,
P. V. Nickles and W. Sandner; Ion energy modulations in
ultrashort and intense laser matter interaction -
simulation versus experiment; Appl. Phys. B
ELR: E. Eremina, X. Liu, H. Rottke, W. Sandner, M. G.
Schätzel, A. Dreischuh, G. G. Paulus, H. Walther, R.
Moshammer and J. Ullrich; Influence of molecular
structure on double ionization of N 2 and O 2 by high
intensity ultra-short laser pulses; Phys. Rev. Lett.
FLB: C. Figueira de Morisson Faria, X. Liu, W. Becker
and H. Schomerus; Coulomb repulsion and quantumclassical
correspondence in laser-induced nonsequential
double ionization; Phys. Rev. Lett.
FLS: C. Figueira de Morisson Faria, X. Liu, H. Schomerus
and W. Becker; Electron-electron dynamics in laserinduced
nonsequential double ionization; Phys. Rev. A
Fre: W. Freyer; Novel phthalocyanines undergo retrodiels-alder
reaction; Organic Letters
FSM: S. Fossier, S. Salaün, J. Mangin, O. Bidault, I.
Thenot, J.-J. Zondy, W. Chen, F. Rotermund, V. Petrov, P.
Petrov, J. Henningsen, A. Yelisseyev, L. Isaenko, S.
Lobanov, O. Balachninaite, G. Slekys and V. Sirutkaitis;
Optical, vibrational, thermal, electrical, damage and
phase-matching properties of lithium thioindate; J. Opt.
Soc. Am. B.
GKe: R. Grunwald and V. Kebbel; Micro-optical beam
shaping of supershort-pulse lasers; in Springer Series
in Optical Sciences, Vol. 'Microoptics - From Technology
to Applications', J. Jahns ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin,
Germany)
GKGa: U. Griebner, P. Klopp, R. Grunwald, H. Schönnagel
and E. Erbert; Laser applying cladding pump
scheme for short planar waveguides; Appl. Phys. Lett.
GKN: R. Grunwald, V. Kebbel, U. Neumann, U. Griebner,
M. Piché, Y. Sheng and P. Ambs; Ultrafast spatiotemporal
processing with thin-film microoptics; Opt. Eng.
Jan: K. A. Janulewicz; State-of-the-art and output
characteristics of table-top lasers; X-ray Spectrometry
JNK: K. A. Janulewicz, P. V. Nickles, R. E. King and G. J.
Pert; Influence of pump pulse structure on transient
collisionally pumped nikellike X-ray laser; Phys. Rev. A
LFa: X. Liu and C. Figueira de Morisson Faria;
Nonsequential double ionization with few-cycle laser
pulses; Phys. Rev. Lett.
LKL: D. Leupold, M. Krikunova, H. Lokstein, K. Teuchner,
H. Scheer, A. Moskalenko and A. Razjivin; Excitation
energy transfer from a bacteriochlorophyll higher
excited state to carotenoids in LH2 of Chromatium;
Photochem. Photobiol.
LSSb: H. Lippert, V. Stert, C. P. Schulz, I. V. Hertel and
W. Radloff; Photoinduced hydrogen transfer dynamics
in indole-ammonia clusters at different excitation
energies; Phys .Chem. Chem. Phys.
MML: R. Müller, V. Malyarchuk and C. Lienau; A
theoretical study on the optical near field in a metal film
with a periodic nanohole array excited by ultrashort
light pulses; Optics Express
MPA: X. Matios, V. Petrov, M. Aguiló, R. Solé, J. Gavaldà,
J. Massons, F. Diaz and U. Griebner; Continuous wave
laser oscillation of Yb 3+ in monoclinic KLu(WO 4 ) 2 ; IEEE
J. Quantum Elect.
MPB c: D. B. Milosevic, G. G. Paulus and W. Becker;
Metering the absolute phase of a few-cycle pulse via
its high-order above-threshold ionization spectrum;
Laser Physics Letters
MWM: T. Moritz, W. Widdra, D. Menzel, K.-B. Bohnen
and R. Heid; Adsorbate-induced surface stiffening: Surface
lattice dynamics of Ru(001)-(1x1)-O; Phys. Rev. Lett.
Nib: E. T. J. Nibbering; Femtosecond condensed phase
spectroscopy: Structural dynamics; in Encyclopedia of
Modern Optics, B. Guenther, L. Bayvel, and D. Steel
eds. (Elsevier)
PNB: V. Petrov, F. Noack, V. Badikov, G. Shevyrdyaeva, V.
Panyutin and V. Chizhikov; Phase-matching and femtosecond
difference-frequency generation in the
quaternary semiconductor AgGaGe 5 Se 12 ; Appl. Opt.
65

66
PWF: D. Pop, B. Winter, W. Freyer, R. Weber, W. Widdra
and I. V. Hertel; Photoelectron spectroscopy on thin films
of extended copper porphyrazines; J. Phys. Chem. B
RCF: H. Ruhl, T. Cowan and J. Fuchs; The physics of the
generation of images of surface structures by laseraccelerated
protons; Phys. Rev. Lett.
RCG: H. Ruhl, T. Cowan, M. Geisel, E. Brambrink, M.
Hegelich, R. Johnson, J. Fernandez, J. Cobble and J.
Fuchs; The physics of the generation of rings in RFCstacks
by laser-accelerated proton flow; Phys. Rev. Lett.
RMP: M. Rini, B.-Z. Magnes, E. Pines and E. T. J.
Nibbering; Direct observation of bimodal intermolecular
proton transfer in photoacid-base pairs in water; in
Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy XI
Ruha: H. Ruhl; Probing of electromagnetic fields with
laser generated proton beams; Phys. Rev. Lett.
Ruhb: H. Ruhl; Transport in a laser irradiated foil; Phys.
Rev. Lett.
SES: C. Stanciu, R. Ehlich, G. Y. Slepyan, A. A.
Khrutchinski, S. A. Maksimenko, F. Rotermund, V. Petrov,
O. Steinkellner, F. Rohmund, E. E. B. Campbell, J.
Herrmann and I. V. Hertel; Third-harmonic generation
in carbon nanotubes: theory and experiment; SPIE
Proc.
SFR: C. Schweitzer, D. Fröhlich, K. Reimann, T. Böttcher,
S. Einfeldt, D. Hommel, P. Prystawko, M. Leszczynski
and T. Suski; Nonlinear optical spectroscopy of exciton
polaritons in GaN; Phys. Rev. B
SKN: G. Y. Slepyan, V. P. A. A. Krutchinski, A. N.
Nemilentsau, S. A. Maksimenko and J. Herrmann;
Nonlinear optical properties of carbon nanotubes:
quantum-mechanical approach; Phys. Rev. A
SLR: V. Stert, H. Lippert, H.-H. Ritze and W. Radloff;
Femtosecond time-resolved dynamics of the electronically
excited ethylene molecule; Chem. Phys. Lett.
SRH: R. Stoian, A. Rosenfeld, I. V. Hertel, N. M. Bulgakova
and E. E. B. Campbell; Comments on the "Coloumb
explosion in femtosecond laser ablation of Si(111)”;
Appl. Phys. Lett.
STB: M. Schnürer, S. Ter-Avetisyan, S. Busch, W. Sandner
and P. V. Nickles; MeV-proton emission from ultrafast
laser driven microparticles; Appl. Phys. B
Stec: G. Steinmeyer; Dispersion compensation by
microstructured optical devices in ultrafast optics; Appl.
Phys. A
SUQ: T. Schultz, S. Ullrich, J. Quenneville, T. J. Martinez,
M. Z. Zgierski and A. Stolow; Azobene photoisomerization:
Two states and two relaxation pathways
explain the violation of Kasha's rule; in Femtochemistry
IV, Ultrafast Molecular Events in Chemistry and Biology
TSB: S. Ter-Avetisyan, M. Schnürer, S. Busch, P. V. Nickles
and W. Sandner; Modulation in ion emission spectra
from intense femtosecond laser driven multi electrontemperature
plasmas; Phys. Rev. Lett.
UML: T. Unold, K. Mueller, C. Lienau, T. Elsaesser and
A. D. Wieck; Optical stark effect: Ultrafast control of single
exciton polarizations; Phys. Rev. Lett.
WFL: I. Waldmüller, J. Förstner, S. C. Lee, A. Knorr, M.
Woerner, K. Reimann, R. A. Kaindl, T. Elsaesser, R. Hey
and K. H. Ploog; Optical dephasing of coherent
intersubband transitions in a quasi-two-dimensional
electron gas; Phys. Rev. B
WWSa: R. L. Weber, B. Winter, P. M. Schmidt, W. Widdra,
I. V. Hertel, M. Dittmar and M. Faubel; Photoemission
from aqueous alkali-halide using EUV synchrotron
radiation; J. Phys. Chem.
ZLZ: Z. Y. Zhuchenko, M. P. Lisitsa, G. G. Tarasov, Y. I.
Mazur, G. J. Salamo, M. Xiao, J. W. Tomm, H. Kissel and
W. T. Masselink; Correlation of Raman scattering and
strain distribution during 2D - 3D growth transition in
InAs/GaAs systems; J. Appl. Phys.
ZTo: N. Zhavoronkov and K. Tominaga; All-solid-state
compact laser system based on a new cavity-dumped
oscillator design; Opt. Lett.
Diploma- and PhD theses, Habilitations
Diploma theses
Hen03: P.- A. Henry; Femtosecond pulse shaping
(Supervisor: I. V. Hertel, E. Audouard, and C. P. Schulz),
Freie Universität Berlin, Diplomarbeit 2003-08-15
Mer03: A. Mermillod-Blondin; Optimized ion generation
in ultrafast laser ablation of silicon via adaptive temporal
pulse shaping (Supervisor: I. V. Hertel, E. Audouard,
and R. Stoian), Physikalisches Institut, Freie Universität
Berlin, Diplomarbeit 2003-08
Pia03: M. Piantek; Aufbau einer Falle zur Speicherung
von Ionen aus einem lasererzeugten Ablationsplasma
(Supervisor: U. Eichmann, and G. v. Oppen), Technische
Universität Berlin, Diplomarbeit 2003-11
Win03: S. Winkler; Anregungskanäle von Elektronen
in transparenten Dielektrika durch ultrakurze Laserpulse
(Supervisor: R. Stoian), Technische Universität
Berlin, Diplomarbeit 2003-07

PhD theses
Bee03: W. Beenken; Theory of nonlinear polarization
spectroscopy in the frequency domain (NLPF) with
applications to photosynthetic antennae (Supervisor:
R. Zimmermann), Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Dissertation
2003
Gue03: T. Günther; Femtosekunden-Nahfeldspektroskopie
an einzelnen Halbleiterpunkten (Supervisor: T.
Elsaesser), Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Dissertation
2003
Mal03: V. Malyarchuk; Near-field spectroscopy of semiconductor
devise structures and plasmonic crystals
(Supervisor: T. Elsaesser), Humboldt-Universität Berlin,
Dissertation 2003
Pop03: D. Pop; Photoemission studies on porphyrazine
compounds (Supervisor: I. V. Hertel, and B. Winter), Freie
Universität Berlin, Dissertation 2003-02
Rin03: M. Rini; Femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy
of elementary photoinduced reactions (Supervisor: T.
Elsaesser), Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Dissertation
2003
Ste03: O. Steinkellner; Ultraschnelle Vibrationsanregung
und zeitaufgelöste Untersuchungen zur Dissoziation
von Wasser in der Gasphase (Supervisor: I. V. Hertel),
Freie Universität Berlin, Dissertation 2003-12
Tho03: A. Thoss; X-Ray emission and particle acceleration
from a liquid jet target using a 1-kHz ultrafast
laser system (Supervisor: I. V. Hertel, and G. Korn), Freie
Universität Berlin, Dissertation 2003-05
Web03: R. Weber; Photoelectron spectroscopy of liquid
water and aqueons solutions in free microjets using
synchrotron radiation (Supervisor: I. V. Hertel, and B.
Winter), Freie Universität Berlin, Dissertation 2003-06-04
Sch03: R. Schneider; Aufbau eines Laserverstärkersystems
und Anwendung bei Photoionisationsexperimenten
(Supervisor: W. Sandner), Technische
Universität Berlin, Dissertation 2003-08
Habilitations
Lie03: C. Lienau; Optische Nahfeldspektroskopie von
Halbleiter-Nanostrukturen, Fachbereich Physik,
Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Habilitation 2003-06
67

68
Appendix 2
External talks, teaching
Invited lectures at conferences
D. Bauer, F. Ceccherini and F. Cornolti; OSA Topical
Meeting "Applications of High Field and Short
Wavelength Sources X" (Biarritz, France, 2003-10-14):
Enhanced harmonic generation by atoms in a two-color
laser field scheme
W. Becker; 33rd Winter Colloquium on the Physics of
Quantum Electronics (Snowbird, Utah, USA, 2003-09-
01): Quantum-path survey of the relativistic laser-atom
interaction
W. Becker; 12. International Laser Physics Workshop
(Hamburg, 2003): Compilation of experimental data
and theoretical approaches and results on nonsequential
double ionization
W. Becker, D. B. Milosevic and G. G. Paulus; International
Symposium on Ultrafast Intense Laser Science 2:
Propagation and Interaction (Lac Delage, Quebec,
Canada, 2003): Above-threshold ionization with fewcycle
pulses
W. Becker, D. B. Milosevic and G. G. Paulus; Workshop
"Atomic Physics" (Dresden, 2003): Few-cycle pulses
with specified "absolute phase"
E. E. B. Campbell together with C. P. Schulz; Symposium
R6, "Energetics and structures", 203rd Meeting of The
Electrochemical Society (Paris, France, 2003-04-27):
Photoionisation dynamics of C 60
U. Eichmann, T. Gallagher and R. Konik; DAMOP 2003
(Boulder, USA, 2003): Fano Lineshapes Revisited
T. Elsaesser; Photonics West 2003 (San José, USA,
2003-01): Ultrafast coherent and incoherent dynamics
of intersubband excitations in semiconductor quantum
wells
T. Elsaesser; 5th Int. Topical Conference on Optical
Probes of Conjugated Polymers and Organic and Inorganic
Nanostructures (OP 2003) (Venice, Italy, 2003-
02): Femtosecond infrared spectroscopy
T. Elsaesser; Frühjahrstagung der Deutschen
Physikalischen Gesellschaft 2003, Fachausschüsse
Plasma- und Kurzzeitphysik (Aachen, Germany, 2003-
03): Ultrafast coherent and incoherent dynamics of
electron plasmas in semiconductors (plenary talk)
T. Elsaesser together with N. Huse, K. Heyne, J. Dreyer,
and E. T. J. Nibbering; Femtochemistry VI-Conference
(Paris, France, 2003-07): Coherent vibrational excitations
of intermolecular hydrogen bonds studied by ultrafast
infrared spectroscopy
T. Elsaesser; 11th Int. Conference on Time-Resolved
Vibrational Spectroscopy (TRVS 2003) (Florence, Italy,
2003-05): Ultrafast coherent vibrational dynamics of
hydrogen bonds
T. Elsaesser; Conference on Lasers and Electrooptics
(CLEO) (Baltimore, USA, 2003-06): Femtosecond
pulses in the mid-infrared - generation and applications
in condensed matter research (tutorial)
T. Elsaesser; ULTRA School on Ultrafast Processes in
Photochemistry and Pholobiology (European Science
Foundation) (Torun, Poland, 2003-08): Photoinduced
electron transfer processes in large molecules
T. Elsaesser; ULTRA School on Ultrafast Processes in
Photochemistry and Photobiology (European Science
Foundation) (Torun, Poland, 2003-08): Ultrafast
dynamics of hydrogen bonds and hydrogen transfer
reactions
T. Elsaesser; Swiss Graduate Schools in Chemistry,
Convention intercantonale romande (Universities of
Geneva, Basel, and Lausanne, Switzerland, 2003-09):
5 lectures on: Ultrafast molecular dynamics in the
condensed phase
T. Elsaesser; Colloque Paris-Biophotonique (Paris,
France, 2003-10): Ultrafast spectroscopy and its
application to biomolecular analysis
T. Elsaesser; Korean-German Seminar on Applied
Mathematics and Physics (Pyongyang, Korea, 2003-
11): Ultrafast processes in solids - physics and
applications
T. Elsaessser; March-Meeting of the American Physical
Society (Austin, USA, 2003-03): Femtosecond coherent
carrier dynamics in quantum cascade lasers
E. Eremina; XVIII International Seminar on Ion-Atom
Collisions (ISIAC) (Stockholm-Helsinki, 2003): Subthreshold
non-sequential double ionization
M. Faubel together with B. Winter; ACS 225th National
Meeting; VUV Symposium (New Orleans, USA, 2003-
03-27): Photoelectron spectroscopy of solvate ions in
aqueous solutions, using EUV, VUV radiation
M. Faubel together with B. Winter; ACS Fall National
Meeting (New York, USA, 2003-09-11): The conduction
band in liquids and disordered solids
M. Fiebig; CERC-ERATO International Workshop on
Phase Control of Correlated Electron Systems (Maui,
USA, 2003-10): Nonlinear optical probing of magnetic
structures - novel developments

M. Fiebig; Magnetoelectric interaction phenomena in
crystals (MEIPIC-5) (Sudak, Ukraine, 2003-09):
Magnetoelectric interaction in crystals observed by
nonlinear magneto-optics
M. Fiebig; Quantum Complexities in Condensed Matter
(Int. Workshop and Conference) (Bukhara, Usbekistan,
2003-08): Nonlinear optics for the investigation of
magnetic structures
M. Fiebig; International Conference on Magnetism
(Rome, Italy, 2003-07): Nonlinear optics - a powerful
tool for the investigation fo magnetic structures
M. Fiebig; Workshop on Ultrafast Magnetization
Processes (Bad Honnef, Germany, 2003-04): Spin
dynamics of antiferromagnets - what can nonlinear
optics contribute?
P. Glas; 2nd International Symposium on High-Power
Fiber Lasers and Their Applications (St.Petersburg,
Russia, 2003-07): Experiments with microstructure
optical (holey) fibers
U. Griebner together with P. Klopp, and V. Petrov; 12th
International Laser Physics Workshop (LPHYS'03)
(Hamburg, Germany, 2003-08): Lasing properties of
Yb 3+ in a stoichiometric double tungstate published in
Book of abstracts p.220
R. Grunwald together with V. Kebbel, U. Neumann, U.
Griebner, and M. Piché; SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting,
Wave Optics and Photonic Devices for Optical Information
Processing (AM201) (San Diego, CA, 2003-08):
Spatio-temporal processing of femtosecond laser
pulses with thin-film micro-optics
C. Heiner; EUROFET - TMR Meeting (Varenna, Italy,
2003-09-30): Photoemission using combined laser/
synchrotron pulses: Sexithiophene on gold(110)
J. Herrmann together with A. Husakou; Conference on
Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), QELS 2003
(Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 2003-06-01): Nonlinear
optical processes in photonic crystal fibers
J. Herrmann; Workshop: Nanoscience and Photonics,
PhD Graduate School (Fuglsocentret, Ebeltoft, Dänemark,
2003-10-10): Photonic crystal fibers
I. V. Hertel; 34th Meeting of the Division of Atomic,
Molecular and Optical Physics (DAMOP03) (Boulder,
Colorado, USA, 2003-05-20): Ultrafast Dynamics and
Rydberg States in C 60
I. V. Hertel together with M. Boyle, C. P. Schulz, M. Héden,
and E. E. B. Campbell; International Symposium on Ultrafast
Intense Laser Science 2 (Quebec, Canada, 2003-
09-28): Multielectron excitation and Rydberg states in C 60
I. V. Hertel, Abschlußworkshop Sfb 276 (Universität
Freiburg, Fakultät für Physik, Germany, 2003-10-06):
Anregungs- und Ionisationsdynamik von C 60 in mittelstarken
Laserfeldern
I. V. Hertel, Abschlussworkshop SFB 276 (Universität
Freiburg, Fakultät für Physik, 2003-10-06): Historischer
Überblick über die Entwicklung und Geschichte des
Sfb
K. A. Janulewicz, A. Lucianetti, R. Kroemer, G. Priebe,
W. Sandner and P. V. Nickles; OSA Topical Meeting
"Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength
Sources X" (Biarritz, France, 2003-10-13): Achievement
of high tranverse spatial coherence in a transient Nilike
Ag X-ray laser
M. P. Kalachnikov; Workshop on Technological Bottlenecks
in Compact High-Intensity Short-Pulse Lasers
(Paris, France, 2003-04): MBI activities for high peak
power Ti:Sa lasers
D. Leupold; 2nd German-Belarus Symposium 'Development
and Function of the Photosynthetic Apparatus'
(Egsdorf, Germany, 2003-10): Bx fluorescence of
(bacterio)chlorophylls in photosynthetic antenna
complexes
C. Lienau; HCIS 13, 13th International Conference on
Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors
(Modena, Italy, 2003-07): Space and time-resolved
optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures
C. Lienau; Gordon Research Conference "Nonlinear
Optics and Lasers" (New London, New Hampshire,
USA, 2003-08): Ultrafast spectroscopy of single
nanostructures
C. Lienau; Euro Workshop on Quantum Computers:
Nanoscopic implementation; perspectives and open
problems (Turino, Italy, 2003-02): Ultrafast nano-optics:
Probing and manipulating excitonic quantum bits on
ultrafast time scales
C. Lienau; Euro Workshop on Quantum Computers:
Nanoscopic implementation; perspectives and open
problems (Turino, Italy, 2003-02): Ultrafast space and
time-resolved spectroscopy
C. Lienau; International Workshop on Innovative Laser
Technologies for Materials Diagnostic (Florence, Italy,
2003-02): Coherent spectroscopy of single quantum
dots
C. Lienau; Growth, electronic and optical properties of
low-dimensional semiconductor quantum structures,
Workshop (Schloss Ringberg, Germany, 2003-02):
Ultrafast nano-optics: Coherent spectroscopy of single
quantum dots
E. T. J. Nibbering together with N. Huse, K. Heyne, and
T. Elsaesser; Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
(CLEO), QELS 2003 (Baltimore, USA, 2003-06): Ultrafast
coherent vibrational response of intermolecular
hydrogen bonded molecular complexes in solution
P. V. Nickles, K. Janulewicz, G. Priebe, A. Lunianetti, W.
Sandner and G. Pert; CLEO Europe (München, 2003-
06-23): What does make hope for X-ray lasers
69

70
P. V. Nickles, K. A. Janulewicz, A. Lucianetti, G. Priebe, J.
Tümmler, W. Sandner and G. Pert; SPIE Annual Meeting
(San Diego, California USA, 2003-08-03): Status of MBI
activities will transient collisional X-ray lasers with high
repetition rate come soon?
K. Reimann; 7th International Conference on Intersubband
Transitions in Quantum Wells (Evolène, Switzerland,
2003-09): Rabi oscillations of intersubband
transitions in a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas
F. Rotermund and V. Petrov together with V.
Pasiskevicius; Optical Society Korea Annual Meeting
2003 (Inha Univ. Incheon, Korea, 2003-02-13): PPKTP
based optical parametric chirped pulse amplification
at the optical communication range about 1.57 mm
F. Rotermund and V. Petrov together with V.
Pasiskevicius; Annual Meeting 2003 of The Korean
Physical Society (Kyungpook University, Daegu, Korea,
2003-10-24): Application of PPKTP for efficient
femtosecond IR pulse generation
H. Rottke; LPHYS ‘03 (Hamburg, 2003-8-29): Strong
field non-sequential atomic and molecular double
ionization investigated close to and below the threshold
for electron impact ionization
W. Sandner; European Strategic Forum on Research
Infrastructures Workshop on: "FELs up to the UV and
soft X-rays" (Daresbury, UK, 2003-02): Lasers for
photoinjectors and pump-probe user experiments:
architecture, pulse shaping and synchronization
W. Sandner; First Canadian Workshop on Ultrafast
Dynamic Imaging (Sherbrooke, Kanada, 2003-10-02):
FEL and application to imaging biological systems
W. Sandner; ESFRI XFEL Workshop (DESY, Hamburg,
2003-10): Advanced laser technology - Challenges and
solutions
W. Sandner; IUPAP Council Meeting 2003 (Trieste,
Italien, 2003-10-25): Ultrahigh Intensity Lasers
W. Sandner; International School of Quantum
Electronics, 37. course, Atoms and Plasmas in Super-
Intense Laser Fields (Erice, Sizilien, Italien, 2003-07-
12): Atomic physics in strong laser fields
W. Sandner; International School of Quantum
Electronics, 37. course, Atoms and Plasmas in Super-
Intense Laser Fields (Erice, Sizilien, Italien, 2003-07-
12): Strong field double ionization
W. Sandner; Trends in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science
and Technology (Lac Delage, Quebec, Kanada, 2003-
09-25): Ultra-high Intensity laser development within
the EU-Network LASERLAB-EUROPE
W. Sandner; Trends in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science
and Technology (Lac Delage, Quebec, Kanada, 2003-
09-26): Ultra-high intensity laser research in Germany
M. Schnürer, S. Ter-Avetisyan, S. Busch, W. Sandner
and P. V. Nickles; OSA Topical Meeting "Applications of
High Field and Short Wavelength Sources X" (Biarritz,
France, 2003-10-13): MeV – proton emission from
ultrafast laser driven micro-particles
C. P. Schulz together with H. Lippert, V. Stert, L. Hesse,
I. V. Hertel, and W. Radloff; XX International Symposium
on Molecular Beams (Lisbon, Portugal, 2003-06-08):
Time resolved photoelectron spectra of indoleammonia
complexes published in Book of Abstracts
pp.64-5
G. Steinmeyer; BIPM Workshop on Comb Technology
(Sèvres, France, 2003-03): Pulse generation and
dispersion compensation
G. Steinmeyer; 2003 LEOS Summer Topical Meeting
on Photonic Time/Frequency Measurement and Control
(Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2003-07): Physics and
stabilization of the carrier-envelope phase of few-cycle
lasers
H. Stiel; PRORA 2003 (Berlin, 2003): Quellen für
zeitaufgelöste Röntgentechniken in der Grundlagenforschung
H. Stiel, (TU Berlin, 2003): Laserbasierte Röntgenquellen
für zeitaufgelöste Absorptionsuntersuchungen
F. Stienkemeier together with G. Droppelmann, and C.
P. Schulz; XX International Symposium on Molecular
Beams (Lisbon, Portugal, 2003-06-08): Stability
properties of mixed alkali clusters on helium nanodroplets
R. Stoian together with A. Rosenfeld, M. Boyle, and I. V.
Hertel; Symposium F1 "Science and Technology of
Dielectrics in Emerging Fields", 203rd Meeting of The
Electrochemical Society (Paris, France, 2003-04-27):
Temporal pulse shaping and optimization in ultrafast
laser ablation of materials
R. Stoian; 53rd Meeting of the Austrian Physical Society
(Salzburg, Austria, 2003-01-10): Optimized laser
material processing using temporally tailored ultrafast
laser pulses
R. Stoian; MRS 2003 Spring Meeting of the Material
Research Society (San Francisco, USA, 2003-04-21):
Temporal pulse shaping and optimization in ultrafast
laser ablation of materials
S. Ter-Avetisyan, P. V. Nickles, M. Schnürer, H. Stiel, S.
Busch, W. Sandner, D. Hilscher and U. Jahnke; International
Workshop on the Physics of High Energy
Density in Matter (Hirschegg, Austria, 2003): Ion acceleration
dynamics of short pulse laser heated water droplets
I. Will, H. Redlin, R. Schumann and M. Kalachnikov;
Sub-Picosecond X-ray Experiments Development
Workshop (Lisbon, Portugal, 2003-09): Development
of an optical, wavelength-tuneable laser for pumpprobe
experiments at the TASLA FEL

B. Winter; EUROFET - TMR Meeting (Thurnau, 2003-
03-12): Time-resolved laser/synchrotron photoemission:
Perspectives.
M. Woerner together with K. Reimann, C. W. Luo, T.
Elsaesser, R. Hey, and K. H. Ploog; 11th International
Conference on Terahertz Electronics (Sendai, Japan,
2003-09): Ultrashort THz transients with MV/cm field
amplitudes: Rabi oscillations of intersubband transitions
in a quasi-2D electron gas
Invited external talks at seminars and colloquia
D. Bauer, together with A. Macchi; Applications of High
Field and Short Wavelength Sources X (Biarritz, France,
2003-10-12): Dynamical ionization ignition of clusters
D. Bauer, together with A. Macchi; Conference on Super
Intense Laser Atom Physics SILAP03 (Southfork
Ranch, Dallas, USA, 2003-11): Ionization dynamics of
clusters at long and short wavelengths
W. Becker; Laser Seminar (ETH Zürich, 2003): Quantum
orbits in intense-laser atom physics
W. Becker; Theoriekolloquium (TU Darmstadt, 2003):
Atome in starken elektrischen Feldern
D. Bröcker; Seminar über Methoden der Oberflächenphysik
(Halle, 2003-01-16): Time- and angle-resolved
electron detectors for experiments with combined laser
and synchrotron radiation
D. Bröcker; Universität Zürich, FK-Seminar (Zürich,
2003-10-29): Charge carrier dynamics at the SiO 2 /
Si(100) surface probed with combined laser and
synchrotron radiation
J. Dreyer; Seminar, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische
Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität,
Group: Prof. G. Stock (Frankfurt / Main, Germany, 2003-
05): Ab initio simulation of two-dimensional IR spectra
E. Eichmann; Vortrag (University of Charlottesville,
2003): Excitation routes and ionization dynamics of
atoms in laserfields
T. Elsaesser; Kolloquium Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte
Analysis und Stochastik (Berlin, Germany,
2003-03): Nichtlineare Dynamik optischer Anregungen
und Impulspropagation auf ultrakurzen Zeitskalen
T. Elsaesser; Forum "Forschung und Entwicklung - ein
Beitrag zum nachhaltigen Wirtschaften" (Umwelt-
Technologie-Zentrum (UTZ), Berlin, 2003-05): Optoelektronik:
Neue Trends in Forschung und Anwendung
E. Eremina; Seminar Atomphysik: Dynamik & Struktur
(MPI-K, Heidelberg, 2003): Sub-Threshold Double
Ionisation in Strong Laser Fields
M. Fiebig; Kolloquium bei Prof. Dr. B. Hillebrands,
Universität (Kaiserslautern, Germany, 2003-01):
Sublattice interaction and spin dynamics in antiferromagnets
M. Fiebig; Kolloquium bei Prof. Dr. W. Hanke, Universität
(Würzburg, Germany, 2003-01): Nichtlineare Optik als
neue Methode zur Bestimmung magnetischer
Strukturen und Wechselwirkungen
M. Fiebig; Kolloquium bei Prof. Dr. J. Schoenes,
Universität (Braunschweig, Germany, 2003-07):
Nichtlineare Optik als neue Methode zur Bestimmung
magnetischer Strukturen und Wechselwirkungen
M. Fiebig; Kolloquium bei Prof. Dr. J. Wosnitza, Universität
(Dresden, Germany, 2003-07): Nonlinear optics
as method for the determination of magnetic structures
and interactions
M. Fiebig; Kolloquium bei Prof. Dr. W. Kleemann, Universität
(Duisburg, Germany, 2003-06): Magnetoelectric
interaction in crystals observed by nonlinear optics
M. Fiebig; Kolloquium bei Prof. Dr. J. Ihringer, Universität
(Tübingen, Germany, 2003-05): Nonlinear optics as
method for the determination of magnetic structures
and interactions
M. Fiebig; Kolloquium bei Priv.-Doz. Dr. R. Valenti,
Universität (Saarbrücken, Germany, 2003-02):
Magnetic structure two-sublattice compounds RMnO 3
and CuB 2 O 4 investigated by nonlinear magneto-optics
U. Griebner; JENOPTIK GmbH (Jena, 2003-05): Diodepumped
femtosecond laser operation of Yb 3+ -doped
tungstate and sesquioxide crystals
U. Griebner; COPL, Université Laval (Québec, Canada,
2003-12): Unique laser properties and femtosecond
laser operation of Yb 3+ -doped tungstate and sesquioxide
crystals
R. Grunwald; Seminar, Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering, University of California (San
Diego, La Jolla, CA, 2003-08): Ultrashort-pulse
microoptics
R. Grunwald; Institutskolloquium Prof. Michel Piché,
Centre d'optique, photonique et laser (COPL) (Université
Laval, Quebec, Canada, 2003-10): Recent developments
in thin-film microoptics
R. Grunwald; Vortrag, Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering, Photonics Group (University
of Toronto, Canada, 2003-10): Microoptical array
components for UV-laser beam shaping and
characterization
C. Heiner, together with B. Winter, W. Widdra, I. V. Hertel,
J. Dreyer, and N. Koch; Seminar (Universität Halle, 2003-
10-16): Photoemission using combined synchrotron and
laser pulses: sexithiophene on Au(110)
71

72
I. V. Hertel; Kolloquium (Universität Dortmund, 2003-
01-30): Ultrakurze Lichtimpulse: Femtosekunden
Dynamik von Molekülen und Clustern und potentielle
technische Anwendung
I. V. Hertel; Kolloquium (MPI für Physik komplexer
Systeme, Dresden, 2003-02-03): Ultrafast dynamics
and H-transfer in clusters and biologically relevant
molecules
I. V. Hertel; Festkolloquium anl. 80. Geburtstag von Prof.
Süptitz (Technische Universität Dresden, 2003-06-03):
Femtochemie und Femtophysik
I. V. Hertel; Kolloquium (Steacie Institute for Molecular
Sciences, Ottawa, Canada, 2003-09-24): Femtoseconds
at the MBI and ultrafast dynamics in molecular
cluster
K. Heyne; Graduiertenkolleg H-Brücken, Freie Universität
(Berlin, Germany, 2003-02): Introduction to
infrared spectroscopy and its application to hydrogen
bonded systems
K. Heyne; SFB 450 Workshop, Freie Universität (Berlin,
Germany, 2003-03): Coherent vibrational dynamics of
intermolecular hydrogen bonds: acetic acid dimers in
solution
K. Heyne; Seminar, Prof. Manz, Freie Universität (Berlin,
Germany, 2003-05): Coherent vibrational dynamics of
coupled hydrogen bonds in carboxylic acid dimers in
the liquid phase
K. Heyne; SFB 450 Workshop, Freie Universität (Berlin,
Germany, 2003-06): Ultrafast processes in proteins and
model systems
M. P. Kalachnikov; SHARP-project meeting (Marseille,
France, 2003-06): MBI activities for the SHARP-project
D. Leupold; PSI Workshop, SFB 498, Fachbereich Physik
(FU Berlin, 2003-05): Pigment-pigment interaction and
energy transfer in light harvesting complexes
C. Lienau; Center for Nanoscience, Oberseminar
(München, Germany, 2003-12): Ultrafast nano-optics:
Novel directions towards quantum information
processing with semiconductor nanostructures
C. Lienau; COBRA-Colloquium, Technische Universität
(Eindhoven, the Netherlands, 2003-10): Ultrafast nanooptics:
Towards quantum information processing with
semiconductor nanostructures
C. Lienau; Seminar, Institut für Angewandte Physik,
Technische Universität (Darmstadt, Germany, 2003-07):
Ultraschnelle Nano-Optik: Neue Wege zur Quanteninformationsverarbeitung
mit Halbleiter Nanostrukturen
C. Lienau; Habilitationsvortrag, Institut für Physik der
Humboldt-Universität (Berlin, Germany, 2003-06):
Quanten-Informationsverarbeitung
C. Lienau; Physikalisches Kolloquium, Universität
(Regensburg, Germany, 2003-05): Ultraschnelle Raster-
Nahfeldspektroskopie an einzelnen Quantenpunkten
C. Lienau; Kolloquium, Humboldt Graduate School on
Structure, Function and Application of New Materials
(Berlin, Germany, 2003-02): Ultrafast nanooptics
C. Lienau; Seminar, IV. Physikalisches Institut, Universität
(Göttingen, Germany, 2003-01): Ultraschnelle Nanooptik:
Neue Wege zur Quanteninformationsverarbeitung in
Halbleiter-Nanostrukturen
H. Lippert; Seminar (LMU München, 2003-12-11): Die
Bedeutung des ps* Zustandes in Indol-Ammoniak und
Indol-Wasser Clustern
E. T. J. Nibbering; Seminar (J. Troe / K.A. Zachariasse),
Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (Karl-
Friedrich-Bonhoeffer-Institut) (Göttingen, Germany,
2003-01): Excited state intra- and intermolecular proton
transfer: Site-specific observation with ultrafast midinfrared
spectroscopy
E. T. J. Nibbering; Sfb 450 'Analyse und Steuerung
ultraschneller photoinduzierter Reaktionen': Seminarreihe
Wintersemester 2002/2003, Freie Universität
(Berlin, Germany, 2003-02): Essentials of photon echo
experiments
P. V. Nickles; Institutskolloquium (MPI, IPP Garching,
2003-06): Particle generation in short pulse laser driven
hot dense plasmas
V. Petrov; NLO-Seminar (Wolfersdorf, 2003-10-25): 10
Jahre Femtosekunden OPA
W. Radloff; Seminar (Centre d' Etudes de Saclay, France,
2003-11-27): Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron
spectroscopy of photoexcited ethylene molecules and
indole-ammonia(water) clusters
M. B. Raschke; Seminar bei Prof. Y.R. Shen, Department
of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, (CA,
USA, 2003-03): Apertureless near-field optical
spectroscopy
M. B. Raschke; Seminar bei Prof. Niehus, Institut für
Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (Germany,
2003-05): Tip-sample coupling in elastic light scattering
M. Rini together with J. Dreyer, A. Kummrow, B. Magnes,
E. Pines, and E. T. J. Nibbering; Seminar, Addis Ababa
University, Department of Physics, Group: Prof. Araya
(Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2003-12): Ultrafast mid-IR
spectroscopy of inter- and intra-molecular proton
transfer
M. Rini together with J. Dreyer, A. Kummrow, B. Magnes,
E. Pines, and E. T. J. Nibbering; Seminar, Institut für
Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Group:
Prof. Schwentner (Berlin, Germany, 2003-10): Ultrafast
spectroscopy of photoinduced proton transfer reactions

M. Rini together with J. Dreyer, A. Kummrow, B. Magnes,
E. Pines, and E. T. J. Nibbering; Seminar, Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Energy,
Group: Dr. Schoenlein (Berkeley, CA, USA, 2003-04):
Ultrafast mid-IR spectroscopy of inter- and intramolecular
proton transfer
M. Rini together with J. Dreyer, A. Kummrow, B. Magnes,
E. Pines, and E. T. J. Nibbering; Seminar, MIT, Department
of Chemistry, Group: Prof. A. Tokmakoff (Cambridge,
MA, USA, 2003-04): Ultrafast mid-IR spectroscopy of
inter- and intra-molecular proton transfer
M. Rini together with J. Dreyer, A. Kummrow, B. Magnes,
E. Pines, and E. T. J. Nibbering; Seminar, Columbia
University, Department of Physics, Group: Prof. T. F. Heinz
(New York, USA, 2003-04): Ultrafast mid-IR spectroscopy
of inter- and intra-molecular proton transfer
A. Rosenfeld; Workshop Laserverbund Berlin-Brandenburg
(Berlin, 2003-09-12): Abtragen mit Photonen
M. Schnürer; Tag der Naturwissenschaften an der
Robert-Havemann Oberschule (Berlin, 2003): Sternenfeuer
im Labor
T. Schultz; Seminar (MPI für Biophysikalische Chemie,
Göttingen, 2003-11): Investigating excited state
dynamics by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy
R. Stoian; Seminar (Air Force Laboratory and University
of Sayton, Dayton, USA, 2003-12-01): Temporal pulse
manipulation and adaptive optimization in ultrafast
laser processing of materials
R. Stoian; Seminar (Institute of Applied Physics,
Johannes-Keppler-University, Linz, Austria, 2003-09-
29): Optimized laser material processing using
temporally tailored ultrafast laser pulses
R. Stoian; Seminar (TSI (Traitement du Signal et
Instrumentation) Laboratory, Jean Monnet University,
St. Etienne, France, 2003-05-16): Controle temporal
d'impulsions ultra brèves pour les procédés laser
R. Stoian; Seminar (Institute of Applied Physics, Bern,
Switzerland, 2003-01-23): Temporal pulse tailoring and
optimization in ultrafst laser abaltion of materials
S. Ter-Avetisyan, P. V. Nickles, M. Schnürer, H. Stiel, S.
Busch, W. Sandner, D. Hilscher and U. Jahnke; Seminar
zur Physik dichter Plasmen mit Schwerionen- und
Laserstrahlen (GSI Darmstadt, 2003): Ion dynamics of
35 fs laser pulse heated water droplets
S. Ter-Avetisyan, P. V. Nickles, M. Schnürer, H. Stiel, S.
Busch, W. Sandner, D. Hilscher and U. Jahnke, Seminar
(Institute for Physical Research, Ashtarak, Armenien,
2003): Ion acceleration with ultrafast lasers
S. Ter-Avetisyan, M. Schnürer, S. Busch, W. Sandner
and P. V. Nickles; Workshop (Schloss Ringberg, 2003):
Modulations of ion spectra from plasma driven by
intense fs-laser pulses
J. W. Tomm; Seminar am Walter-Schottky-Institut
(Technische Universität, München, Germany, 2003-05):
Spektroskopische Analytik an Diodenlaserfacetten
J. W. Tomm; Seminar am Max-Planck-Institute of
Microstructure Physics (Halle, Germany, 2003-11):
Recombination kinetics in semiconductor nanostructures
P. Tzankov, together with A. Ogrodnik; Seminar (Freie
Universität Berlin, 2003-07-08): Mechanisms of charge
separation and protein relaxation in photosynthetic
reaction centers
F. Weik together with J. W. Tomm; Seminar bei DILAS
Diodenlaser GmbH (Mainz, Germany, 2003-05):
Spektroskopische Untersuchungen an cm-Barren im
Pulsbetrieb
M. Woerner; Seminar, Universität (Innsbruck, Austria,
2003-01): Ultrafast coherent electron transport in GaAs/
AlGaAs quantum cascade laser structures
M. Woerner; Seminar, Universität (Jena, Germany,
2003-10): Femtosekunden Röntgenbeugung
M. Woerner; Seminar, Universität (Hamburg, Germany,
2003-11): Femtosekunden Röntgenbeugung
M. Woerner; Seminar, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie,
Abt. Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Martinsried (München,
Germany, 2003-12): Ultrashort THz transients with MV/
cm field amplitudes: Rabi oscillations of intersubband
transitions in a quasi-2D electron gas
M. Zhavoronkov; Seminar (National Institut for Solid-
State Physic, Minsk, Belarus, 2003-10-24): Timeresolved
diffraction
Academic teaching
U. Eichmann; Vorlesung, 4 Semester-Wochenstunden
(Technische Universität Berlin, 2003-WS): Seminar zur
Atom- und Molekülphysik I
T. Elsaesser; Vorlesung, 2 Semesterwochenstunden
(Humboldt Universität Berlin, 2003-Sommersemester):
Kurzzeitspektroskopie I
T. Elsaesser; Vorlesung, 2 Semesterwochenstunden
(Humboldt Universität Berlin, 2003-Wintersemester
2003/04): Kurzzeitspektroskopie II
M. Fiebig; Vorlesung, 1 Semesterwochenstunde (Universität
Dortmund, 2003-Sommersemester): Nichtlineare
Magnetooptik in Theorie und Experiment
U. Griebner; Course on Material Science, University
Roira i. Virgili (URV) (Tarragona, Spain, 2003-07): Laser
Physics (6 lectures)
73

74
U. Griebner; Photonics Master Course, Technische
Fachhochschule (Wildau, Germany, 2003-11): Erzeugung
kurzer optischer Impulse
U. Griebner; Course on laser physics for undergrades
students, COPL, Université Laval (Québec, Canada,
2003-12): Generation of short laser pulses
R. Grunwald; Photonics Master Course, Technische
Fachhochschule (Wildau, Germany, 2003-11): Design,
Charakterisierung und Anwendung von Dünnschicht-
Mikrooptiken
I. V. Hertel together with W. Radloff, F. Noack, and R. Stoian;
Lehrseminar B, 2 Semesterwochenstunden (FU Berlin,
2003-WS 03/04): Kurzpulslaser und Anwendungen
W. Sandner; Vorlesung, 3 (Technische Universität
Berlin, 2003-WS 2003/04): Angewandte Optik und
Photonik: Höhere Experimentalphysik III
W. Sandner; Vorlesung, 2 +Übungen (Technische
Universität Berlin, -SS 2003): Angewandte Optik und
Photonik: Höhere Experimentalphysik III
J. W. Tomm; 5 two-hour lectures at the DAAD-International
Summer School Vernadskiy Tavricheskiy National
University of Simferopol, 2 Semesterwochenstunden
(Alushta, Ukraine, 2003-August 25th - September 19th):
Physics of optoelectronic structures and devices
General talks (popular science, science politics etc.)
I. V. Hertel; Berliner Wirtschaftsgespräche e.V. und TSB
Technologiestiftung Berlin, 1. Veranstaltung der Reihe
"Zukunft Neue Technologien" (BBAW, 2003-02-10):
Optische Technologien / OptecBB-Plattform für die
Entwicklung von Zukunftstechnologien
I. V. Hertel; Besuch Bundesministerium für Forschung
und Technologie, Wissenschaftsattacheés der dt.
Auslandsvertretungen und Vertretern des BMBF und
Fachreferenten der Bundestagsfraktion (WISTA, Berlin,
2003-04-10): Vorstellung Berlin Adlershof – Entwicklung,
Perspektiven, Status
I.V. Hertel; Besuch von Wissenschaftlicher Delegation
aus Lettland (Berlin-Adlershof, BESSY, 2003-03-17):
Präsentation der Forschung in Adlershof
I. V. Hertel; Studiogespräch zum Wissenschaftsmagazin
"Projekt Zukunft" (Deutsche Welle, Voltastraße 6, 13355
Berlin, 2003-06-27): Fortschritte, Perspektiven der
Laserforschung speziell auf medizinischem Gebiet
W. Sandner; Berliner Wirtschaftsgespräche e.V. und TSB
Technologiestiftung Berlin, 1. Veranstaltung der Reihe
"Zukunft Neue Technologien" (BBAW, 2003-02-10):
BMBF Programm "Optische Technologien für das 21.
Jahrhundert
W. Sandner; Inauguration meeting of the EU integrated
Infrastructure Initiative LASERLAB-EUROPE (Prag,
Czech Republic, 2003-11-21): Getting LASERLAB-
EUROPE started
W. Sandner; 4th meeting of the OECD Global Science
Forum Committee on Ulta-High Intensity Lasers
(Quebec, Kanada, 2003-09-26): Ultrahigh-Intensity
lasers in Europe

Appendix 3
Ongoing Diploma- and PhD theses, Habilitations
Diploma theses
L. Ehrentraut; Polieren von Oberflächen dielektrischer
Materialien mit fs-Lasern (Supervisor: A. Rosenfeld),
Technische Fachhochschule Wildau, Diplomarbeit
PhD theses
O. Berndt; Laserspektroskopie hochangeregter molekularer
Elektronenzustände (Supervisor: W. Sandner),
Technische Universität Berlin, Dissertation
F. Bortolotto; Hybridly pumped soft X-ray lasers (Supervisor:
W. Sandner), Technische Universität Berlin,
Dissertation
M. Boyle; Femtosecond pulseshaping and its application
to fullerenes (Supervisor: I. V. Hertel), Freie
Universität Berlin, Dissertation
D. Bröcker; Photoelektronenspektroskopische Untersuchungen
an organischen Adsorbaten auf Halbleiteroberflächen
(Supervisor: W. Widdra), Martin-Luther-
Universität Halle-Wittenberg Berlin, Dissertation
S. Busch; Wechselwirkung intensiver Laserstrahlung mit
Materie (Supervisor: W. Sandner), TU Berlin, Dissertation
E. Eremina; Korrelation in atomarer und molekularer
Vielfachionisation (Supervisor: W. Sandner), Technische
Universität Berlin, Dissertation
S. Gerlach; Speicherung von metastabilen Heliumatomen
in elektrischen Feldern zur Untersuchung von
kalten Stößen (Supervisor: U. Eichmann, and W.
Sandner), Technische Universität Berlin, Dissertation
R. Glatthaar; Züchtung und Charakterisierung von
Bleisalzschichten für optoelektronische Bauelemente
(Supervisor: T. Elsaesser), Humboldt-Universität Berlin,
Dissertation
E. Gubbini; Ionisationsdynamik bei relativistischen
Laserintensitäten (Supervisor: W. Sandner), Technische
Universität Berlin, Dissertation
C. Heiner; Order and symmetries of sexithiophene
within thin films studied by angle-resolved photoemission
(Supervisor: W. Widdra, and B. Winter), Freie
Universität Berlin, Dissertation
N. Huse; Femtosekunden-Schwingungsspektroskopie
von Wasserstoffbrücken in kondensierter Phase (Supervisor:
T. Elsaesser), International Humboldt Graduate
School, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Dissertation
R. Jung; Experimente mit ultralangsamen metastabilen
Heliumatomen (Supervisor: G. v. Oppen, and U.
Eichmann), Technische Universität, Dissertation
P. Klopp; Neue Yb-dotierte Lasermaterialien und ihre
Anwendungen in modensynchronisierten Lasern
(Supervisor: T. Elsaesser), Humboldt-Universität Berlin,
Dissertation
T. Kwapien; Ionisationsdynamik höher geladener Ionen
(Supervisor: U. Eichmann, and W. Sandner), Technische
Universität Berlin, Dissertation
H. Lippert; Ultrakurzzeitspektroskopie von Chromophoren
in einer Solvathülle (Supervisor: I. V. Hertel, and
W. Radloff), Freie Universität Berlin, Dissertation
O. F. Mohammed; Femtosecond ir spectroscopy of
photochromic molecules in solution (Supervisor: N.
Ernsting), Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Dissertation
L. Molina-Luna; Räumliche höchstauflösende optische
Spektroskopie an Nanosystemen (Supervisor: T.
Elsaesser), Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Dissertation
M. Mönster; Erregung ultrakurzer Lichtimpulse in
photonischen Strukturen (Supervisor: T. Elsaesser),
Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Dissertation
K. Müller; Femtosekundennahfeldspektroskopie an
Halbleitern und Nanostrukturen (Supervisor: T.
Elsaesser), Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Dissertation
C.-C. Neacsu; Apertulose Nahfeldsondenmikroskopie
an Festkörpern (Supervisor: T. Elsaesser), Humboldt-
Universität Berlin, Dissertation
H. Prima Garcia; Adsorption und Dynamik ungesättigter
Kohlenwasserstoffe auf Vanadiumoxidoberflächen
(Supervisor: W. Widdra, and I. V. Hertel), Freie Universität
Berlin, Dissertation
I. Sänger; Magnetische Wechselwirkungen mehrfach
geordneter Systeme (Supervisor: M. Fiebig), Universität
Dortmund, Dissertation
T. Satoh; Resonance enhanced sum frequency generation
in centrosymmeric magnetic oxides (Supervisor:
M. F. K. Miyano), Universität Tokyo, Dissertation
I. Shchatsinin; Free clusters in strong shaped laser fields:
multielectron dynamics and forced nuclear motion (Supervisor:
I. V. Hertel), Freie Universität Berlin, Dissertation
P. M. Schmidt; The triiodide equilibrium in water investigated
by photoemission (Supervisor: I. V. Hertel,
and B. Winter), Freie Universität Berlin, Dissertation
75

76
R. Schumann; Laserkühlung metastabiler He-Atome
(Supervisor: G. v. Oppen), Technische Universität Berlin,
Dissertation
A. Stalmashonak; Linear and nonlinear processes in
molecular systems induced by shaped, ultrashort laser
pulses in hollow wave guides (Supervisor: I. V. Hertel),
Freie Universität Berlin, Dissertation
G. Stibenz; Entwicklung und Anwendung eines Hohlfaserkompressors
zur Erzeugung kurzer Lichtpulse
(Supervisor: T. Elsaesser), Humboldt-Universität Berlin,
Dissertation

Appendix 4
Guest Lectures at the MBI
B. Abel, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität
Göttingen; Seminar Kurzzeitspektroskopie an Molekülen,
Clustern und Oberflächen (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-10-
15): Laserinduzierte Flüssigstrahldesorption von großen
Biomolekülen und ihren Komplexen: Mechanismen
und Anwendungen
L. Abtin, Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Stockholm;
Seminar Nichtlineare Prozesse in kondensierter
Materie (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-02-07): Scanning
spreading resistance measurement of Al-implanted
4H-SiC
M. Achermann, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA;
Seminar Nichtlineare Prozesse in kondensierter
Materie (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-09-01): Multiexcitons
and optical gain in semiconductor nanocrystals
N. E. Andreev, Russian Academy of Science; Seminar
Höchstfeldlaserphysik (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-05-30):
Extreme states of matter and particle acceleration with
short intense laser pulses
C. Ascheron, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg; Seminar
Nichtlineare Prozesse in kondensierter Materie (Max-
Born-Institut, 2003-06-23): Elektronisches Publizieren
A. Assion, Universität Kassel; Sonderkolloquium des
SFB 450 (FU) und des MBI (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-
11-11): Wechselwirkung ultrakurzer Laserpulse mit
Materie: Vom Atom bis zur Sonnenblume
M. Bauer, Fachbereich Physik, Universität Kaiserslautern;
Sonderkolloquium des SFB 450 (FU) und des
MBI (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-11-18): New approaches
to the investigation and manipulation of ultrafast
processes at surfaces
G. Birkl, Universität Hannover; Kolloquium (Max-Born-
Institut, 2003-07-09): ATOMICS - Mikrostrukturphysik
mit atomaren Quantensystemen
M. Bonn, Universität Leiden, Niederlande; Seminar
Nichtlineare Prozesse in kondensierter Materie (Max-
Born-Institut, 2003-08-06): THz probing of excitations
and polarons in semiconducting polymers
M. Bonn, Institute of Chemistry, University of Leiden,
Netherlands; Sonderkolloquium des SFB 450 (FU) und
des MBI (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-11-11): Novel phase
transition in a biomimetic lipid monolayer and electron
dynamics in nanoparticle systems
N. Bulgakova, Universität Novosibirsk; Seminar Kurzzeitspektroskopie
an Molekülen, Clustern und Oberflächen
(Max-Born-Institut, 2003-07-02): Modeling of
electron dynamics under ultrashort laser irradiation of
materials
J. H. Eberly, University of Rochester; Kolloquium (Max-
Born-Institut, 2003-09-02): Possible approaches to high
quantum entanglement, and the EPR limit
W. Elsäßer, TU Darmstadt; Kolloquium (Max-Born-Institut,
2003-12-10): Dem Schrotrauschen ein Schnippchen
schlagen - Quantenoptik an und mit Halbleiter-Emittern
B. Fainberg, Holon Academic Institute of Technology,
Department of Exact Sciences (Physics), Holon, Israel;
Seminar Nichtlineare Prozesse in kondensierter Materie
(Max-Born-Institut, 2003-03-14): Coherent population
transfer in dissipative systems: molecules in solution
and semiconductors
A. Föhlisch, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Hamburg; Sonderkolloquium des SFB 450 (FU) und des
MBI (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-11-18): Probing ultrafast
dynamic processes on surfaces: Resonant spectroscopy
with soft X-rays and stroboscopic experiments with
accelerator based short pulse facilities
T. Frauenheim, Universität Paderborn; Seminar Kurzzeitspektroskopie
an Oberflächen und dünnen Filmen
(Max-Born-Institut, 2003-01-15): A densitiy-functionbased
minimal basis approach to complex materials
properties, functions and biomolecular processes
S. Haacke, Institut de Physique, Universität Lausanne;
Sonderkolloquium des SFB 450 (FU) und des MBI
(Max-Born-Institut, 2003-11-11): Ultrafast chromophore -
protein interactions and the physics of biological
photosensors
D. C. Hanna, University of Southampton, UK; Seminar
Nichtlineare Prozesse in kondensierter Materie (Max-
Born-Institut, 2003-09-25): Synchronously pumped
parametric oscillators in the near- and mid-infrared
A. Hartschuh, Universität GH Siegen; Seminar Nichtlineare
Prozesse in kondensierter Materie (Max-Born-
Institut, 2003-07-24): Near-field Raman spectroscopy
of single-walled carbon nanotubes
T. Hertel, Fritz-Haber-Institut der MPG; Kolloquium
(Max-Born-Institut, 2003-11-05): Ultrafast spectroscopy
of carbon Nanotubes
P. Hobza, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Prague;
Kolloquium (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-11-26): Structure,
dynamics and energetics of DNA bases and DNA base
pairs: Calculations and experiment
R. A. Kaindl, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley Nat. Lab. and Univ.
of California, Berkeley, USA; Seminar Nichtlineare Prozesse
in kondensierter Materie (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-
04-02): Quasiparticle correlations and dynamics probed
with ultrashort THz pulses
77

78
K. Karrai, LMU München; Kolloquium (Max-Born-
Institut, 2003-04-30): Optics of quantum dots: Beyond
the artificial atom model
V. Kebbel, BIAS, Universität Bremen; Seminar Nichtlineare
Prozesse in kondensierter Materie (Max-Born-
Institut, 2003-06-12): Spatially resolved autocorrelation
of ultrashort pulses
F. Kronast, BESSY GmbH; Seminar Kurzzeitspektroskopie
an Oberflächen und dünnen Filmen
(Max-Born-Institut, 2003-04-10): Optically induced
magnetization dynamics in the ferromagnetic semiconductor
(GaMn)As: Combined laser and synchrotron
radiation
A. Lagendijk, Universität Twente; Institutskolloquium
(Max-Born-Institut, 2003-05-14): Trapping light in
photonic structures
S. Lochbrunner, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, LS BioMolekulare Optik, Sektion Physik;
Seminar Nichtlineare Prozesse in kondensierter
Materie (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-09-18): Controllling
the spectral phase of tunable light pulses for the
spectroscopy of ultrafast reactions
R. J. D. Miller, Dept.of Physics, University of Toronto,
Canada; Seminar Nichtlineare Prozesse in kondensierter
Materie (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-02-24):
Ultrafast wavepacket propagation and diffraction:
Towards making the "Molecular Movie"
K. Morgenstern, Freie Universität Berlin; Seminar
Nichtlineare Prozesse in kondensierter Materie
(Max-Born-Institut, 2003-04-10): STM investigation of
electronic and structural properties of molecule metal
systems
M. Motzkus, Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik,
Garching; Seminar Nichtlineare Prozesse in
kondensierter Materie (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-02-21):
Kohärente Steuerung molekularer Dynamik mittels
modulierten Femtosekundenimpulsen
G. Mussler, Paul-Drude-Institut, Berlin; Seminar
Nichtlineare Prozesse in kondensierter Materie (Max-
Born-Institut, 2003-06-19): Ga(As,N): grown and
properties
A. Nazarkin, FSU Physik - IOQ, Universität Jena;
Seminar Nichtlineare Prozesse in kondensierter
Materie (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-05-08): Time-resolved
selective control of multilevel systems using optical
interference
H. Nishimura, Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE),
Osaka, Japan; Seminar Höchstfeldlaserphysik (Max-
Born-Institut, 2003-10-02): Recent laser-matter interaction
research at ILE
K. Osvay, University of Szeged, Hungary; Seminar
Höchstfeldlaserphysik (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-09-19):
Temporal contrast of ultrashort laser pulses
M. Quack, ETH Zürich, Schweiz; Kolloquium (Max-Born-
Institut, 2003-06-25): Intramolekulare Kinetik aus hochauflösender
Spektroskopie: Primärprozesse zwischen
Attosekunden und Sekunden
H. R. Reiss, Physics Dept. American University,
Washington, D.C. and Dept. de Fisica aplicada, Univ.
Salamanca; Seminar Höchstfeldlaserphysik (Max-
Born-Institut, 2003-10-28): Three-dimensional Dirac
relativistic above-threshold ionization rates, spectra,
and angular distribution by analytical means
M. Romanovsky, General Physics Institute, Moscow;
Seminar Höchstfeldlaserphysik (Max-Born-Institut,
2003-12-03): Corrections of electron impact ionization
rates by plasmas electric microfield
B. Schmidt, RheinAhrCampus Remagen; Seminar
Höchstfeldlaserphysik (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-09-01):
Konzept zur Kohärenzmessung im EUV-Bereich
H. Schmidt-Böcking, Universität Frankfurt/M.; Kolloquium
(Max-Born-Institut, 2003-10-22): Geheimnisse
tunnelnder Elektronen - Visualisierung der korrelierten
Bewegung von Elektronen in Atomen und Molekülen
T. Schultz, National Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada;
Sonderseminar (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-02-12):
Observing reactions with time-resolved photoelectron
spectroscopy: Proton, electron transfer and isomerization
B. Scremin, University of Venice, Italy; Seminar Nichtlineare
Prozesse in kondensierter Materie (Max-Born-
Institut, 2003-05-20): Charge transfer molecular
aggregates: An insight into optical properties
T. Seideman, Northwestern University; Kolloquium
(Max-Born-Institut, 2003-07-16): Current-driven
dynamics in molecular-scale devices
R. Shimano, University of Tokyo, Japan; Seminar Nichtlineare
Prozesse in kondensierter Materie (Max-Born-
Institut, 2003-03-03): Ultrafast mid- and far-infrared
spectroscopy of photo-induced phenomena in solids
Y. Silberberg, Weizmann Institute, Israel; Seminar
Kurzzeitspektroskopie an Molekülen, Clustern und
Oberflächen (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-10-10): Coherent
control with femtosecond pulses
S. de Silvestri, Physics Dept., Politecnico di Milano,
Italy; Kolloquium (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-04-16): Few
optical cycle pulses in strong field ionization and
nonlinear optics
B. M. Smirnov, Institute of High Temperatures, Moscow;
Seminar Höchstfeldlaserphysik (Max-Born-Institut,
2003-08-08): Nucleation processes and generation of
clusters
C. Stöckl, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University
of Rochester, USA; Seminar Höchstfeldlaserphysik
(Max-Born-Institut, 2003-12-18): Fast ignitor research
at laboratory for laser energetics (LLE)

A. Stolow, National Research Council, Ottawa, Kanada;
Sonderkolloquium (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-03-19):
Molecules in non-pertubative laser fields: Dynamic and
control
A. Tokmakoff, Dept. of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA; Seminar Nichtlineare
Prozesse in kondensierter Materie (Max-Born-Institut,
2003-05-21): Two dimensional infrared spectroscopy
of small molecules and beta sheets
L. Tolbert, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. USA; Seminar
Nichtlineare Prozesse in kondensierter Materie (Max-
Born-Institut, 2003-11-07): Proton transfer with super
photoacids
M. H. Vos, Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole
Polytechnique-ENSTA, France; Seminar Nichtlineare
Prozesse in kondensierter Materie (Max-Born-Institut,
2003-04-15): Ultrafast studies of functional dynamics
in heme proteins
D. V. Vysotskii, State Research Center of Russia, Troitsk
Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research; Seminar
Nichtlineare Prozesse in kondensierter Materie (Max-
Born-Institut, 2003-02-20): Phase locking of multicore
fiber lasers
M. Weinelt, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg; Sonderkolloquium des SFB 450
(FU) und des MBI (Max-Born-Institut, 2003-11-18):
Electron dynamics at metal and seminconcutor surfaces
P. Wernet, BESSY, Berlin; Seminar Kurzzeitspektroskopie
an Molekülen, Clustern und Oberflächen (Max-
Born-Institut, 2003-06-25): The local structure of water
from ambient to supercritical conditions: New insight
from X-ray spectroscopy
D. F. Zaretsky, Kurchatov Institute Moscow, Institute of
Molecular Physics; Seminar Höchstfeldlaserphysik
(Max-Born-Institut, 2003-11-12): Coulomb explosion of
a laser-irradiated cluster in a magnetic trap
79

80
Appendix 5
Staff, extended research visits of MBI staff at external institutions, visiting scientists at the
MBI and users of the application laboratories
A. Staff
M M B
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Scientists 32 15 - 20 - 67 67
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Graduatestudents- 8 - 11 1 20 20
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Max Born Institute
for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy
in the Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V.
(Member of the Leibniz Association)
81

82
B. Extended research visits of MBI staff at external institutions
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93
Appendix 6
Grants and contracts 2003
Total amounts spent in 2003: 3.361.860 Euro

94
Appendix 7
Activities in scientific organizations
W. Becker
Member of Program Committee and Co-chair of Strong
Field Seminar, LPHYS 2003 (Hamburg) until 2003
Member of Editorial Board, Physical Review A, from
2002 until 2004
T. Elsaesser
Vorstandssprecher, Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V.
from 2001-05-01 until 2003-04-30
Subcommittee Chair 'Ultrafast Phenomena', European
Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC), 2003
(Munich, Germany)
Member, Program Committee Quantum Electronics and
Laser Science Conference (QELS) 2003 (Baltimore,
USA)
Member Advisory Board, Conference on Hot Carriers
in Semiconductors 13, 2003 (Modena, Italy)
Sprecher, DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm 1134 "Aufklärung
transienter Strukturen in kondensierter Materie
mit Ultrakurzzeit-Röntgenmethoden"
Stellvertretender Sprecher, Sonderforschungsbereich
296 "Wachstumskorrelierte Eigenschaften niederdimensionaler
Halbleiterstrukturen" Technische
Universität (Berlin)
Member, Prize Committee, Ellis R. Lippincott Award for
Vibrational Spectroscopy, Optical Society of America
Vorsitzender, Programmkomitee Laser und Optik Berlin
(LOB) 2004 (Berlin-Adlershof, Germany)
Sprecher, Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Strahlungsquelle
ELBE (Forschungszentrum Rossendorf,
Germany)
Member, Science Facility Access Panel, Rutherford
Laboratory (Didcot, UK)
Mitglied des Sprecherkreises, Initiative WissenSchafft
Zukunft (Berlin, Germany)
Mitglied, Apparateausschuss der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft
Mitherausgeber, Applied Physics A, Springer Verlag
(Heidelberg)
Member of Editorial Board, ChemPhysChem
Member of Editorial Board, Chem. Phys. Lett.
Member of Editorial Board, Chem. Phys.
M. Fiebig
Member of Program Committee, Quantum Complexities
in Condensed Matter (Int. Workshop and Conference)
(Bukhara, Usbekistan)
Organizer, Magnetoelectric Interaction Phenomena in
Crystals (Conference MEIPIC-5) (Sudak, Ukraine)
I. V. Hertel
Geschäftsführender Direktor des Max-Born-Instituts,
from 2001-05
Sprecher, Initiativgemeinschaft der außeruniversitären
Forschungseinrichtungen Adlershof (IGAFA)
Vorstandsvorsitzender, Optec-Berlin-Brandenburg
(OpTecBB) e.V. (Berlin) from 2000-09-14
Mitglied "An morgen denken", Wissenschaft & Wirtschaft
gemeinsam für Berlin, from 2001-05-01
Mitglied in der ständigen Auswahlkomission für den
Otto-Klung-Weberbank-Preis
Mitglied, Kuratorium des Magnushauses - Deutsche
Physikalische Gesellschaft e.V.
Mitglied, des Kuratoriums "Lange Nacht der Wissenschaften"
Mitglied, im Beirat des James Franck Binational
German-Israeli Programm in Laser-Matter Interaction
Member of Program Commitee of the 3th International
Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabricaation (LPM
2003), (München) from 2003-06-21 until 2003-06-24
Editor in Chief, together with G. Grynberg, and F. T.
Arecchi, Eur. Phys. J. D Edition Physique and Springer
Verlag (Paris, Heidelberg) from 1998-01-01 until 2003-
03-31
External Advisor, Eur. Phys. J. D Edition Physique and
Springer Verlag (Paris, Heidelberg) from 2003-04-01
J. Kändler
Vertreter im Ausschuss "Technologietransfer" der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
Deutscher Forschungszentren für
die WGL, (Bonn) from 1997-09-26
Vertreter der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft im Gutachterausschuss
des EEF-Fonds, Forschungszentrum
Karlsruhe GmbH (Karlsruhe) from 2002-11-28

M. P. Kalachnikov
Member of Program Committee Workshop on Interaction
of Complex Plasmas with Superstrong Electromagnetic
Radiation
C. Lienau
Organizer, First German-Japanese Symposium on
Nano-Optics (Berlin, Germany)
Member of Program Committee, Seventh International
Conference on Near-field-optics (Rochester, N.Y., USA)
from 2002-08
P. V. Nickles
Conference section chair SPIE Annual Meeting, (San
Diego, USA) from 2003 until 2003
Conference section chair EURO CLEO, (München) from
2003 until 2003
F. Noack
Organisator - Programme NLO-Auswärtsseminar,
(Wolfersdorf)
V. Petrov
Member of Program Committee, CLEO 2003 and CLEO
2004
W. Sandner
Member of Editorial Board, Laser Physics from 1999
Member Steering Committee, 12th International Laser
Physics Workshop (Hamburg, 2003)
Wissenschaftlicher Beirat BESSY, Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft
für Synchrotronstrahlung
(Berlin) from 2000-10
Vorstandsmitglied, Kompetenznetz Optec Berlin-
Brandenburg (Berlin) from 2000-09
Sprecher des Arbeitskreises der Fachverbände Atomphysik,
Molekülphysik, Quantenoptik, Massenspektroskopie,
Kurzzeitphysik und Plasmaphysik (AMOP) der
Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, Mitglied des
Vorstandsrats der DPG, Deutsche Physikalische
Gesellschaft from 1996-03
Vorstand, Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Lasertechnik
e. V. (WLT) from 2001
Mitglied im Programmausschuss, "Optische Technologien"
des BMBF from 1999
Coordinator, Network of European Large Scale Laser
Facilities (LASERNET) and LIMANS Cluster of the
European Commission 2000-2004
Member, TESLA Collaboration Board (DESY, Hamburg)
from 1997
Member, OECD Coordinating Committee, Global
Science Forum on "Compact High Intensity Lasers"
from 2001
Member, Steering Committee, FEMTO Programme,
European Science Foundation from 1999 until 2003
Coordinator, LASERLAB-EUROPE, Integrated Infrastructure
Network, 6th Framework Programme, EU from
2003
Sprecher, "Interdisziplinärer Forschungsverbund UVund
Röntgentechnologien", (Berlin) from 2000 until
2003
G. Steinmeyer
Member, Int. Program Committee of the Conference on
Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe 2003 - CLEO Europe
(Munich, Germany) from 12-2001
H. Stiel
Organizer WE Seminar Excited state processes of
carotenoids in photosynthesis, together with D. Leupold,
HU Berlin (Bad Honnef)
J. W. Tomm
Member, Int. Program Committee of the Conference on
Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe 2003 - CLEO Europe
(Munich, Germany) from 12-2001
Member, Int. Steering Committee of the International
Conference on Defects - Recognition, Imaging and
Physics of Semiconductors (DRIP) (Batz-sur-Mer,
France) from 09-2001
Appendix 8
Honours and awards
J. Stenger: Carl-Ramsauer-Preis 2003 für Dissertation
"Ultrafast response of inter- and intramolecular
hydrogen bonds in liquids: Vibrational quantum beats
and dephasing", Physikalische Gesellschaft zu Berlin
95

96
Appendix 9
Cooperations
University cooperations
W. Becker: Kohärente kollektive Phanomene in Clustern
in starken Laserfeldern; cooperation with S. V. Fomichev,
S. Popruzhenko; Moscow State Engineering Physics
Institute; D. F. Zaretsky; Kurchatov Institute Moscow
K. Biermann, Z. Wang, M. Woerner and K. Reimann: IV-
VI Microcavity Lasers; cooperation with Prof. W. Heiß,
M. Böberl, Prof. G. Springholz, Prof. T. Schwarzl,
Universität Linz
J. Dreyer: Ab initio simulation of 2D-IR spectroscopy;
cooperation with Prof. S. Mukamel, University of
Rochester, NY, USA
U. Eichmann: Ionisation dynamics at relativistic laser
intensities; cooperation with Prof. Maquet, Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique-Matiere et Rayonnement, Université
Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris France
U. Eichmann: Two electron dynamics in laser fields;
cooperation with Profs. T. Gallagher, R. R. Jones;
Department of Physics, University of Charlottesville,
Charlottesville, USA
U. Eichmann: Stöße in ultrakalten He-Gasen und
Plasmen; cooperation with Prof. von Oppen, TU Berlin
T. Elsaesser and C. Lienau: Teilprojekt B6 Ladungsträgerdynamik
in einzelnen Halbleiter-Nanostrukturen;
Sonderforschungsbereich 296; "Wachstumskorrelierte
Eigenschaften niederdimensionaler Halbleiterstrukturen"
(TU Berlin)
T. Elsaesser and E. Nibbering: Teilprojekt B2 Femtosekunden-Schwingungsspektroskopie
zur ultraschnellen
Dynamik von Protonen in der kondensierten
Phase; Sonderforschungsbereich 450 "Analyse und
Steuerung ultraschneller photoinduzierter Reaktionen"
(FU Berlin)
T. Elsaesser, M. Wörner and C. Lienau: Dynamik
kohärenter Anregungen in Halbleitern; cooperation with
Prof. T. Kuhn, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
M. Fiebig: Optical properties of colossal magnetoresistive
oxides; cooperation with Prof. Y. Tokura,
University of Tokyo, Japan
M. Fiebig: Nonlinear optical properties of manganite
thin films; cooperation with Prof. K. Miyano, University
of Tokyo, Japan
M. Fiebig: Microscopic mechanisms of nonlinear
magneto-optical coupling processes in various highly
correlated systems; cooperation with Prof. R. Valenti,
Universität Frankfurt
M. Fiebig: Influence of growth conditions on magnetic
microstructure; cooperation with Prof. M. Bieringer,
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
M. Fiebig: Spin dynamics and nonlinear optics on
antiferromagnetic compounds; cooperation with Prof.
W. Hübner, Universität Kaiserslautern
M. Fiebig: Nonlinear optics and sublattice interactions
of frustrated compounds; cooperation with Dr. T. Kato,
Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
W. Freyer, A1: Special dyes for ophthalmology; cooperation
with Dr. C. Haritoglou, Prof. A. Kampik,
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München
T. Gießel, A1: Electronic structure and magnetism in
transition metal clusters; cooperation with Dr. K. Fauth;
G. Schütz, Universität Würzburg
P. Glas: Untersuchungen zu den nichtlinearen optischen
Eigenschaften von LT-GaAs; cooperation with Prof.
R. Menzel, H. Legall, Universität Potsdam
U. Griebner: High average power ultra-fast fiber chirped
pulse amplification system; cooperation with Prof. A.
Tünnermann, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Friedrich-
Schiller-Universität Jena
U. Griebner and R. Grunwald: Nanokristalline Schichten
für SHG; cooperation with Dr. W. Seeber, Friedrich-
Schiller-Universität Jena
U. Griebner and V. Petrov: Laserkristalle auf Wolframatbasis;
cooperation with Prof. F. Diaz, University of
Taragona
R. Grunwald: Charakterisierung von Mikrooptiken für
Diodenlaser; cooperation with Dr. B. Ozygus, F. Scholz,
Technische Universität Berlin
R. Grunwald: Interferometry of semiconductor disorders;
cooperation with Dr. V. Raab, Universität Potsdam
R. Grunwald: VUV beam shaping and materials
processing; cooperation with Prof. P. Herman, Dr. J. Li,
University of Toronto
R. Grunwald, U. Griebner and U. Neumann: Spatiotemporal
beam-shaping of fs-lasers; cooperation with
Prof. M. Piché, University Laval, Quebec, Canada
R. Grunwald and U. Neumann: Herstellung und Präparation
von ZnO Vergleichsproben; cooperation with
J. Sölle, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

K. Heister, A1: Electron dynamics studies of PTCDA
layers on Si (001); cooperation with Prof. L Johannsson,
Karlstad University, Sweden; Prof. T. Andersson,
Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
B. Langer, A1: Aufbau und Test eines Meßstandes zur
Untersuchung gespeicherter Nanopartikel mit Synchrotronstrahlung;
BMBF Verbundforschungsvorhaben
(Förderschwerpunkt kondensierte Materie); cooperation
with Prof. E. Rühl*, R. Flesch, Universität
Osnabrück (* jetzt Univ. Würzburg); Prof. D. Gerlich, M.
Grimm, S. Schlemmer, TU Chemnitz; Prof. U. Becker,
Fritz-Haber-Institut
D. Leupold: Exzitonen in photosynthetischen Antennen;
cooperation with Prof. A. Razjivin, Belozerskij-Institut
für Biophysikalische Chemie, Univ. Moskau, Russia
D. Leupold: Femtosekundenspektroskopie des Melanins;
cooperation with Dr. K. Hoffmann, Dr. M. Stücker,
Dermatologische Klinik, Univ. Bochum
D. Leupold: Nichtlineare Spektroskopie an Photosynthesepigmenten
und photosynthesischen Antennen;
cooperation with Prof. H. Scheer, LMU München
D. Leupold: Teilprojekt A2, Lichtsammlung und Energiedissipation
in nativen und definiert veränderten
photosynthetischen Antennensystemen; Sonderforschungsbereich
429 "Molekulare Physiologie,
Energetik und Regulation primärer pflanzlicher
Stoffwechselprozesse" (FU Berlin)
C. Lienau: Nahfeldspektroskopie an V-Graben
Quantenfäden; cooperation with Prof. R. Cingolani,
Universität Lecce, Italy
C. Lienau: Spektroskopie an Quantengräben; cooperation
with Prof. A.D. Wieck, Universität Bochum
C. Lienau: Spektroskopie an zweidimensionalen
Elektronengasen; cooperation with Dr. A. Goni, Prof. C.
Thomsen, Technische Universität Berlin
C. Lienau: Nahfeldspektroskopie an metallischen
Nanostrukturen; cooperation with Prof. D.S. Kim,
Universität Seoul, Korea
C. Lienau: Nahfeld-Autokorrelationsspektroskopie an
Quantendrähten; cooperation with T. Otterburg, Prof. E.
Kapon, EPFL Lausanne
C. Lienau: Femtosecond near-field spectroscopy of
semiconducting polymers; cooperation with D. Polli,
Prof. G. Cerullo, Prof. G. Lanzani and Prof. S. de Silvestri,
Politecnico di Milano
C. Lienau and T. Elsaesser: Korrelationsspektroskopie
an Halbleiter-Nanostrukturen; cooperation with Dr. V.
Savona, Dr. E. Runge, Prof. R. Zimmermann, Humboldt-
Universität, Berlin
U. Neumann and R. Grunwald: AFM-Untersuchungen
zu Nanokristalliten für nichtlinear - optische
Anwendungen; cooperation with Prof. A. Richter,
Technische Fachhochschule Wildau
U. Neumann and R. Grunwald: Herstellung von dotierten
und undotierten ZnO Dünnschichten durch RF
Sputtering; cooperation with G. Schoer, Technische
Universität Hamburg
E. T. J. Nibbering: Femtochemistry vibrational studies of
the reaction dynamics of photochromic switches; cooperation
with Dr. H. Fidder, University of Uppsala, Sweden
E. T. J. Nibbering: Photodissociation dynamics of
metallo-carbonyl complexes; cooperation with Prof. Dr.
J. Korppi-Tommola, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
E. T. J. Nibbering: CO and NO photodissociation and
recombination dynamics of hemoproteins; cooperation
with T. Zemojtel, Dr. J. Scheele, Universitätsklinikum
Freiburg
P. V. Nickles: Ultrashort x-ray emission from gas clusters
irradiated by ultrashort laser pulses; Gilcut Project
(German-Israeli cooperation in Ultrafast Laser Technologie)
(Coordinator: A. Zigler); cooperation with
Racah Institute, University of Jerusalem, Israel
P. V. Nickles: X-ray lasers; Gilcut Project (German-Israeli
cooperation in Ultrafast Laser Technologies);
cooperation with A. Zigler, Racah Institute, University
of Jerusalem, Israel
P. V. Nickles: New pumping mechanisms of x-ray lasers;
cooperation with H. Fiedorowicz, Institute of Applied
Physics of Military Academy Warsaw, Polen
V. Petrov, A3: New VUV transparent nonlinear crystals
for sum-frequency mixing with femtosecond pulses;
cooperation with Prof. R. Komatsu, Yamaguchi
University, Japan
V. Petrov, A3: Periodically poled KTP for femtosecond
OPG applications and chirped pulse parametric
amplification; cooperation with Dr. V. Pasiskevicius,
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
V. Petrov, A3: Chirped pulse optical parametric
amplification; cooperation with Prof. F. Rotermund, Ajou
University, Suwon, Korea
V. Petrov, A3: Mixed nonlinear crystals; cooperation with
Dr. V. V. Badikov, Kuban State University, Krasnodar,
Russia
W. Radloff and C. P. Schulz, A2: Teilprojekt A4; Sonderforschungsbereich
450 "Analyse und Steuerung ultraschneller
photoinduzierter Reaktionen" (FU-Berlin);
cooperation with Prof. L. Wöste
M. Raschke and C. Lienau: Aperturlose Nahfeldmikroskopie
an metallischen Nanostrukturen;
cooperation with Prof. D. Kern, Universität Tübingen
97

98
K. Reimann, M. Woerner and T. Elsaesser: Electro-optic
sampling of THz transients with MV/cm amplitudes;
cooperation with R.P. Smith, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Prof. A.M. Weiner, Purdue University
A. Rosenfeld, A1: WTZ Deutschland, Kanada; cooperation
with Dr. P. Herman, Toronto University,
Canada
D. A. Rosenfeld, A1: AFM-Untersuchungen an dünnen
Schichten; cooperation with Prof. Eichler, Technische
Universiät Berlin
H. Rottke: Multiple ionization in few-cycle laser pulses;
cooperation with H. Lezius and F. Krausz, TU Wien
W. Sandner and W. Becker: Control of Atomic Processes
with Strong Fields; cooperation with A. Sofradzija, and
D. B. Milosevic, Faculty of Sciences, Dept. of Physics,
University of Sarajevo
C. P. Schulz, A2: Quantum chemical calculation of
excited sodium-water clusters; cooperation with Dr. K.
Hashimoto, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Computer
Center and Department of Chemistry
C. P. Schulz, A2: Dynamic processes in alkali-doped
He clusters; cooperation with Dr. F. Stienkemeier; Universität
Bielefeld
H. Stiel: Anwendung gepulster, harter Röntgenstrahlung;
cooperation with Dr. B. Kannegießer, TU Berlin
J. W. Tomm: Transiente Spektroskopie an Halbleiterstrukturen,
die mit 'Gas-source-MBE' gewachsen
wurden; cooperation with Prof. W.T. Masselink,
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
J. W. Tomm: Untersuchung der Lumineszenz von Sbhaltigen
Halbleiterstrukturen; cooperation with Prof. M.
Amann, Walter-Schottky-Insitut, TU München
J. W. Tomm: Defect spectroscopy in semiconductor
devices; cooperation with Prof. E. Larkins, University of
Nottingham
J. W. Tomm: Raman spectroscopy of semiconductor
nanostructures; cooperation with Prof. J. Jiminez,
University of Valladolid, Spain
J. W. Tomm: Strain analysis in semiconductor nanostructures;
cooperation with Prof. M. Biermann, US Naval
Academy Annapolis, USA
Z. Wang, K. Reimann, M. Woerner and T. Elsaesser:
Femtosecond intersubband dynamics of electrons in
AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors;
cooperation with Prof. D. Hofstetter, University of
Neuchatel, J. Hwang, W.J. Schaff, L.F. Eastman, Cornell
University
R. Weber and B. Winter, A1: Electronic structure of water;
cooperation with Dr. K. Godehusen, BESSY
W. Widdra, A1: Development of fast multi-angle
photoelectron spectrometers; cooperation with Prof. D.
Menzel, Technische Universität München
B. Winter, A1: Photoemission from ultrathin organic films;
cooperation with Prof. Dr. D. Zahn; Dr. T. Kampen, TU
Chemnitz
B. Winter, A1: Photoemission from self-assembled azobenzene
alkane thiols; cooperation with Dr. S. Schrader,
Prof. L. Brehmer, Universität Potsdam
B. Winter, A1: Photoemission from polymer surface relief
gratings; cooperation with Prof. Pietsch, Universität
Potsdam
B. Winter, A1: Polythiphenes and effect of iodide doping:
electronic structure by photoemission; cooperation with
Dr. N. Koch, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
B. Winter and T. Gießel, A1: Epitaxial growth of transition
metals on GaAs; cooperation with Dr. N. Esser, Prof. W.
Richter, Technische Universität Berlin
M. Woerner and T. Elsaesser: GaAs/AlGaAs quantum
cascade structures; cooperation with Dr. K. Unterrainer,
Dr. G. Strasser, Institut für Festkörperelektronik,
Technische Universität Wien
N. Zhavaronkov, G. Korn and I. V. Hertel, A3, A: Coherent
Raman Scattering; GILCULT, German-Israelien Cooperation
in Ultrafast Laser Technologies; cooperation
with A. Silberberg, Weizmann Institute, Israel
N. Zhavoronkov, A3: X-ray target structuring; cooperation
with Prof. A. Safeler, Moscow State University
Cooperation with Research Institutions
W. Becker: High intensity light-atom interaction; cooperation
with M. V. Fedorov, General Physics Institute,
Moskau
T. Elsaesser and C. Lienau: Regionales Service- und
Kompetenzzentrum für Nanoanalytik und Nanofaktur;
cooperation with Prof. Rieder, FU Berlin, Prof. J. Rabe,
HU Berlin, Prof. K. H. Ploog, PDI Berlin
T. Elsaesser, M. Wörner, C. W. Luo and K. Reimann:
Ultrafast dynamics of coherent intersubband polarisations
in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells; cooperation
with Prof. K. Ploog, Dr. R. Hey, Paul-Drude-Institut Berlin
M. Fiebig, T. Lottermoser and I. Sänger: Nonlinear
magneto-optical properties of matter - theory and
experiment; cooperation with Prof. R.V. Pisarev, Dr. V.V.
Pavlov, Dr. A.V. Goltsev, Ioffe-Institute, St. Petersburg,
Russia
W. Freyer, A1: Mass spectra of phtalocyanines;
cooperation with M. Bartoszek, Institut für Angewandte
Chemie Berlin-Adlershof

P. Glas: Fasern mit speziellem Design; cooperation with
Dr. Müller, Institut für Hochtechnologie (IPHT), Jena
P. Glas: Kopplung vieler Laseremitter; cooperation with
Prof. Napartovich, TRINITI Troitsk Institute for Innovation
and Fusion Research, Russia
P. Glas: Spezielle Halbleiterstrukturen für modelocking;
cooperation with Dr. Walther, IAF Freiburg
U. Griebner: Testung Hochleistungsbreitstreifendioden;
cooperation with Dr. G. Erbert, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut
Berlin
R. Grunwald: Charakterisierung mikrooptischer
Bauelemente; cooperation with Prof. W. Jüptner, V.
Kebbel, Dr. H.-J. Hartmann, BIAS Bremen
R. Grunwald: Mikrooptik zur Verbesserung der Laserdiodenkollimation;
cooperation with Dr. T. Poßner, FhG
IOF Jena
R. Grunwald and U. Griebner: Fs-Meßtechnik und
digitale Holografie im fs-Bereich; cooperation with Prof.
W. Jüptner, V. Kebbel, BIAS Bremen
R. Grunwald and U. Neumann: Wellenfront-Sensorik
und VUV-Optik; cooperation with Dr. K. Mann, Laser-
Laboratorium Göttingen
K. Janulewicz: X-ray laser at 14.7 nm; cooperation with
GSI, Darmstadt, Dr. T. Kühl
D. Leupold: Laser spectroscopy of chlorophyll-lipid
interaction; cooperation with Dr. R. Vladkova, Institute
of Biophysics, Bulgarian Acad. of Science
C. Lienau: Near-field spectroscopy of single and
coupled quantum dots; cooperation with Prof. J.-M.
Gerard, Centre National d'Études des Télécommunications,
Bagneux, France
C. Lienau: Optische Eigenschaften strain-induzierter
Nanostrukturen; cooperation with Dr. U. Zeimer, Prof. G.
Tränkle, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Berlin
R. Müller: Theoretische Untersuchungen der
Bandstruktur von Halbleitern; cooperation with Dr. H
Wenzel, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Berlin
U. Neumann, M. Tischer and R. Grunwald: Dickenmessungen
an strukturierten ZnO Schichten im sub-
µm Bereich; cooperation with Dr. G. Wagner, Institut für
Kristallzüchtung, Berlin
P. V. Nickles: Relativistic Plasma Dynamics (Coordinator:
O. Shiryaev); cooperation with Institute of General
Physics of AS Russia, Moskau
P. V. Nickles: Elektronentransport-Untersuchungen mit
laserbeschleunigten Protonen: ein neues Transportverhältnis
(Coordinator: W. Sandner); cooperation with
H. Ruhl, and A. Kemp; General Atomics, Reno
University, USA
F. Noack and N. Zhavoronkov, A3: Technical consultation
for fs XUV slicing laser setup (Coordinator: I. V. Hertel,
Max Born Institute); cooperation with BESSY
V. Petrov, A3: Characterization of chalcopyrite nonlinear
crystals; cooperation with Dr. J.-J. Zondy, Observatoire
de Paris, France
V. Petrov, A3: Lithium containing chalcopyrites in the
femtosecond mid-infrared technology; cooperation with
Prof. L. Isaenko, Design and Technological Institute of
Monocrystals, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
V. Petrov, A3: Nonlinear borate crystals; cooperation with
Prof. C. Chen, Beijing Center for Crystal R & D, China
A. Rosenfeld, A1: fs-Untersuchungen; cooperation with
D. Ashkenasi, LMTB Berlin
H. Rottke: Correlation in multiple ionization in strong
light pulses; cooperation with G. G. Paulus, MPI für
Quantenoptik, Garching
H. Rottke: Correlation in multiple ionization in strong
light pulses (2); cooperation with R. Moshammer, J.
Ullrich, MPI für Kernphysik, Heidelberg
J. Tomm: Fourier-Transform-Spektroskopie an Halbleiterlaserstrukturen;
cooperation with Dr. Irmscher,
Institut für Kristallzüchtung Berlin
J. Tomm: Spektroskopie und thermische Eigenschaften
von Hochleistungslaserdioden; cooperation with Dr.
Erbert, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut Berlin
J. Tomm: Aufbautechnologie von Hochleistungslaserdioden;
cooperation with M. Hutter, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft,
Institut für Zuverlässigkeit und Mikrointegration
(IZM) Berlin
J. Tomm: Alterungsanalytik an Laserdioden; cooperation
with Dr. Baeumler, Fh-IAF Freiburg
J. W. Tomm: Transiente Photolumineszenz an (In)GaNAs
Strukturen; cooperation with Prof. K.H. Ploog, Paul-
Drude-Institut, Berlin
J. W. Tomm: InAs Quantenpunkte in Silizium; cooperation
with Dr. P. Werner, Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik,
Halle
J. W. Tomm: Spektroskopische Untersuchungen an
implantierten sättigbaren Absorbern; cooperation with
Dr. M. Weyers, Dr. U. Zeimer, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut,
Berlin
J. W. Tomm and F. Weik: Konvertermaterialien für das
Mittlere Infrarot; cooperation with Dr. A. Lamprecht,
Fraunhofer - IPM, Freiburg
W. Werncke: Stimulated Raman scattering-frequency
converter for ultrashort pulses; cooperation with Prof.
Dr. Orlovich, Dr. A. Vodschitz, Institut of Physics,
Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus
99

100
I. Will: Development of the photocathode laser for the
TESLA Test Facility (TTF); cooperation with DESY
Hamburg in the framework of the TESLA collaboration
I. Will: Development of the photocathode laser for an
RF gun with strongly optimized emittance; PITZ
cooperation with Photoinjector Test Facility at DESY/
Zeuthen
I. Will: Development of the photocathode laser for a
superconducting CW-RF-gun; cooperation with Forschungszentrum
Rossendorf
I. Will: Development of the recirculation cavity for a
Gamma-Gamma-Collider for TESLA; cooperation with
DESY
I. Will: Technical Design for VUV-FEL (Coordinator: W.
Sandner, Max Born Institute); cooperation with BESSY
B. Winter, A1: Photoemission from liquid surfaces;
cooperation with Dr. M. Faubel, Max-Planck-Institut für
Strömungsforschung, Göttingen
B. Winter, A1: Development of efficient electron detection
from liquid jet; cooperation with Dr. C. Pettenhofer, Hahn-
Meitner-Institut Berlin
B. Winter, A1: Molecular dynamics simulations;
cooperation with Prof. P. Jungwirth, Heyrovsk Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Prague, Czech
N. Zhavoronkov, A3: Phase transition in solid-state
material; cooperation with Prof. A. I. Sheley, National
Institute for Solid State Physic
Participation in Research networks
U. Eichmann: Speicherung von metastabilen Heliumatomen
in elektrischen Fallen; DFG Schwerpunktprogramm
"Wechselwirkung in ultrakalten Atom- und
Molekülgasen"; cooperation with G. von Oppen, TU
Berlin
U. Eichmann: Elementare Ionisationsprozesse in
intensivsten Laserfeldern; DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm
"Wechselwirkung intensiver Laserfelder mit
Materie"
M. Fiebig and K. Reimann: Magnetization dynamics of
antiferromagnetic compounds by nonlinear optical
spectroscopy; DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm "Ultraschnelle
Magnetisierungsprozesse"
R. Grunwald: Verbundprojekt: Realisierung und
Charakterisierung nichtlinear-optisch aktiver Glas /
Kristall-Komposite auf Basis halbleiterbeschichteter
transparenter Gläser mit optimierter Lokalstruktur;
cooperation with Dr. W. Seeber, Universität Jena, im
fachübergreifenden DFG-Forschungsvorhaben
'Keramik'
R. Grunwald: CHOCLAB II (Instruments and Standard
Test Procedure for Laser Beams and Optics
Characterization); cooperation with Eureka EU 2359,
International Project
M. P. Kalachnikov and P. V. Nickles: SHARP; European
R&D Projekt cooperation with LLC Lund, Schweden;
LOA Palaiseau, France; RAL, UK, MPQ Garching
C. Lienau: EU Network: SQID - Semiconductor - Based
Implementation of Quantum Information Devices;
cooperation with Prof. F. Rossi, ISI Turin, Prof. R.
Cingolani, INFM Lecce, Prof. E. Molinari, Universität
Modena, Prof. G. Bastard, ENS Paris, Prof. L. Jacak, TU
Wroclaw, Prof. I. Prigoni, Int. Solvay Inst. Brüssel, Prof. J.
Baumberg, Universität Southampton, Prof. T. Kuhn,
Universität Münster
P. V. Nickles: X-ray lasers and Applications; European
TMR-network (Coordinator: S. Jaquemot) cooperation
with LULI, Paris
P. V. Nickles: Wechselwirkung intensiver Laserfelder mit
Materie; DFG-Schwerpunkt; cooperation with Dr. U.
Jahnke, Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin
K. Reimann: Nichtlineare Spektroskopie an Gruppe-
III-Nitriden; DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm "Gruppe-III-
Nitride und ihre Heterostrukturen: Wachstum, materialwissenschaftliche
Grundlagen und Anwendungen;
cooperation with Prof. D. Fröhlich, C. Schweitzer,
Universität Dortmund
W. Sandner (Vorstand und Sprecher des Schwerpunkts
UV- u. Röntgentechnologien): OptecBB, Kompetenznetz
Optische Technologien Berlin und Brandenburg
(Coordinator: I. V. Hertel, Sprecher des Vorstands von
OpTecBB); cooperation with universities and industry
W. Sandner: LIMANS (Cluster of the Large Scale Laser
Installations); cooperation with LENZ, Florenz; Lund
Laser Center; ULF-FORTH, Heraklion; LIF-LOA,
Palaiseau; CUSBO, Mailand; SLIC, Saclay
W. Sandner (Coordinator, Vorstand OpTecBB): Neue
Methoden und Geräteentwicklungen der Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse
und Röntgendiffraktometrie für den
Einsatz in Industrie und Forschung funded by Förderprojekt
IFV UVR, SenVerwWAF, Berlin; cooperation with
Astro- und Feinwerktechnik Adlershof GmbH; IfG,
Institut für Gerätebau GmbH; IAP, Institut für angewandte
Photonik e.V.; Röntgenanalytik GmbH; Röntec GmbH;
rtw, Dr. Warrighoff KG, BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung
und -prüfung; BESSY GmbH; IZM,
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft; MBI, Max-Born-Institut; PTB,
Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, TUB,
Technische Universität Berlin
W. Sandner (Speaker): UVR (Interdisziplinärer
Forschungsverbund UV- und Röntgentechnologien)
funded by SenWissForschKult, Berlin; cooperation with
more then 40 SME's and scientific institutions

H. Stiel: Molekulare Physiologie, Energetik und
Regulation primärer pflanzlicher Stoffwechselprodukte;
cooperation with Dr. D. Leupold
J. W. Tomm: Nanop Competence Center for Application
of Nanostructures in Optoelectronic; cooperation with
Prof. Dr. Bimberg, TU-Berlin
J. W. Tomm: Screening and packaging techniques for
highly reliable laser-bars for telecommunication and
industrial applications; EU-Powerpack Programm;
cooperation with Thales Research & Technology
France / ex-Thales Laboratoire Central de Recherches
(TRT), Julien Nagle, Fraunhofer Institute for Laser
Technology (ILT), Konstantin Boucke, DILAS Diodenlaser
GmbH (DILAS), Holger Muentz, THALES Laser
Diodes (TLD), Thierry Fillardet, Max-Born-Institut (MBI),
Jens W. Tomm, University of Nottingham (UNOTT), Eric
Larkins, University of Valladolid (UVA), Juan Jimenez
J. W. Tomm: Untersuchung geeigneter Materialien für
Lumineszenzkonverter im mittleren Infrarot und deren
Verwendung in kompakten Lichtquellenmodulen;
BMBF-(NMT) Verbund-Projekt MIRKO, cooperation with
IPM Freiburg und WSI der TU München
I. Will: Development of an optical, wavelength-tuneable
femtosecond burst-mode laser for use as a pump-probe
laser at the X-ray FEL user facility at TTF at DESY
Hamburg; XRAY FEL Pump/Probe network cooperation
with DESY, MAXLAB (Lund), DCU Dublin, LURE and
BESSY
M. Woerner: Lichtemitter auf der Basis von Intersubbandübergängen;
in: DFG-geförderte Forschergruppe
in Berlin, cooperation with TUB, HUB, HHI, PDI
M. Woerner and T. Elsaesser: Reversible structural
changes of crystalline solids studied by ultrafast x-ray
diffraction; DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm 1134
"Aufklärung transienter Strukturen in kondensierter
Materie mit Ultrakurzzeit-Röntgenmethoden"
N. Zhavoronkov, A3: Ultrashort X-ray sources;
cooperation with Prof. M. Richardson, School of Optics,
University of Florida
Cooperation with Industry
W. Freyer, A1: Mass spectra of sensitive porphyrazines;
cooperation with Agilent Technologies Deutschland
GmbH, Waldbronn
P. Glas: Faserherstellung; cooperation with M. Kreitel,
Fa. Fiber-Technol., Berlin, M. Zoheid, Fiber-Tech, Berlin,
Prof. Langhoff, IFG, Berlin
R. Grunwald: Charakterisierung von Mikrostrukturen
für Laser- Ophthalmologie; cooperation with Dr. G. Korn,
Katana Technologies GmbH
R. Grunwald and U. Griebner: Fs-Meßtechnik; cooperation
with E. Büttner, C. Lukas, APE GmbH Berlin
R. Grunwald and U. Griebner: Mikrosystemtechnologie
für Dünnschicht-Mikrooptiken; cooperation with Dr. W.
Rehak, Dr. H. Mischke, ASI GmbH Berlin
R. Grunwald and U. Griebner: Mikrooptische Dünnschicht-Bauelemente;
cooperation with Dr. D. Schäfer,
Quarterwave GmbH Berlin
R. Grunwald and U. Neumann: Fluoreszenz-Spektroskopie
an ZnO-Nanolayers; cooperation with Dr. Scholz,
Lasertechnik Berlin GmbH
D. Leupold: Femtosekunden-Fluorometer zur Hautkrebs-Früherkennung;
cooperation with Dr. M. Scholz,
LTB Lasertechnik Berlin
U. Neumann: Fasertechnologie; cooperation with Dr. S.
Spaniol, CERAM Optec GmbH, Bonn
U. Neumann and R. Grunwald: Dickenmessungen an
strukturierten ZnO Schichten im sub-µm Bereich;
cooperation with M. Lindner und Sven Johannsen,
m.u.t. GmbH, Wedel
U. Neumann and R. Grunwald: Dickenmessungen
strukturierter ZnO Schichten im sub-µm Bereich;
cooperation with S. Peters, Sentech Instruments, Berlin
A. Rosenfeld, A1: Nanostrukturierung von Glasoberflächen;
cooperation with Berliner Glass GmbH and
PTB, Berlin
H. Stiel: Aufbau und Entwicklung eines EUV-Reflektometers;
cooperation with Dr. L. v. Loyen, FhG/IWS, Dr. F.
Macco, Zeiss, Dr. F. Scholze, PTB Berlin, BESTEC,
Berlin
H. Stiel: Aufbau und Entwicklung eines kompakten hard
x-ray Spektrometers; cooperation with Prof. N. Langhoff,
IfG GmbH
J. Tomm and C. Lienau: Spektroskopische Analytik zur
Charakterisierung von Laserdioden; cooperation with
M. Behringer, J. Luft, Osram, Opto Semiconductors,
Regensburg
J. Tomm and C. Lienau: Grundlagenuntersuchungen
zur Leistungs- und Lebensdauerbegrenzung, Alterung
und Verspannung von Hochleistungslaserdioden;
cooperation with D. Lorenzen, Jenoptik, Laserdiode
GmbH
J. W. Tomm: Spektroskopische Analytik zur Verspannung
von Laserdioden; cooperation with J. Biesenbach,
DILAS Diodenlaser GmbH, Mainz
I. Will: Development of RF phase modulators; cooperation
with Fehn, LINOS
101

102
Appendix 10
Current patents and pending applications
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110

111
Max Born Institute (MBI)
for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy
in the Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V.
Mail Address:
Max-Born-Institut
Max-Born-Straße 2 A
12489 Berlin
Germany
Phone: (++49 30) 6392 1505
Fax: (++49 30) 6392 1519
email: mbi@mbi-berlin.de
http://www.mbi-berlin.de
The Divisions of the Max-Born-Institute
Division A:
Clusters and Interfaces
Prof. Dr. I. V. Hertel
Division B:
Intense Laser Fields
Prof. Dr. W. Sandner
Division C:
Nonlinear Processes in Condensed Matter
Prof. Dr. T. Elsaesser
Division Z:
Technical and Administrative Infrastructure
Dr. J. Kändler
City district: Berlin Treptow-Köpenick
Subdistrict: Berlin-Adlershof
Site: Berlin-Adlershof
Street: Max-Born-Straße 2 A
S-Bahn: S45, S46, S6, S8 and S9
Station: Berlin-Adlershof
from there: Bus 360 to Magnusstraße
Subway: U7
Station: Rudow
from there: Bus 360 to Magnusstraße

112

Max-Born-Institut
für Nichtlineare Optik
und Kurzzeitspektroskopie
im Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V.
Max-Born-Straße 2 A
D-12489 Berlin
Tel.: (++49 30) 63 92 - 15 05
Fax: (++49 30) 63 92 - 15 19
e-mail: mbi@mbi-berlin.de
http://www.mbi-berlin.de