2077-05-01

clGtd kftf]
ef]qmfxf===
tLg ;o ld6/ k/ /utsf] ntkltPsf]
ck/fw :yn e]6fPsf lyP . nut}
k|x/LnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 lhNnf k|x/L
sfof{no ;'g;/Lsf k|x/L lg/LIfs ;/f]h
vgfn g]t[Tjsf] k|x/Ln] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg
u/]sf] lyof] . To; qmddf ofbj;Fu}
Og?jf uPsf ;fyL;lxt cf7 hgfnfO{
lgoGq0fdf lnP/ cg';Gwfg ;'? eO{/x]sf]
k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .
;|f]tsf cg';f/ xTofsf] 36gfsf]
k5fl8 of}g ;DaGw;d]t sf/s tTj /x]sf]
cfz+sf a9]kl5 To; ljifonfO{ lnP/ ;d]t
k|x/Ln] cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] 5 . lhNnf
k|x/L sfof{no ;'g;/L;lxt 36gfsf]
cg';Gwfgdf k|b]z k|x/L sfof{nosf] Ps
l6d;d]t ;+nUg /x]sf] 5 .
lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;'g;/Lsf
k|x/L pkl/Ifs sdn yfkfn] cfkm"x?
cg';Gwfgsf] clGtd lgis;{ glhs k'u]sf]
/ l56} xTof/f kQf nfUg] l:ylt /x]sf]
eGb} 36gfdf ;+nUgtfsf] cfz+sfdf
clxn];Dd cf7 hgfnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnP/
cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L lbP .
;'g;/Ldf===
;'g;/L lhNnfdf kl5Nnf] /]s8{
cg';f/ lhNnf e/L sf]/f]gf ;+qmldtsf]
;+Vof # ;o k'u]sf] 5 . h; dWo] ! ;o
$) hgf lgsf] eP/ 3/ kmls{Psf 5g\
eg] cem} ! ;o ^) hgf ljleGg c:ktfn
/ xf]d cfO;f]n];gdf ;+qmldtx¿ /x]sf
5g\ . oL dWo] $# hgf sf]/f]gf ;+qmldt
xf]d cfO;f]n];gdf a;]sf] :jf:Yo
sfof{no ;'g;/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .
d'cfAhf===
*$( lsQf hUuf /]ndfu{sf nflu clwu|x0f
ug{ nfluPsf] ns8fpgs} a]nfdf ;"rgf
hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
hgtfnfO{ ns8fpgdf y'g]/ o;/L
xtf/–xtf/ ;"rgf lgsfNg'sf k5fl8 @*
ca{sf] 7]Ssf nufpg] / cfkm\g} sfo{sfndf
sld;gsf] sfd kmQ] ug]{ ljefusf
clwsf/Lsf] lgotn] sfd u/]sf] a'em\g
nufpg ufx|f] 5}g . :yfgLo k|zf;gsf
clwsf/Lx?;d]t clxn] g} 7]Ssf nufpg]
a]nf eOg;s]sf] atfpF5g\ .
d'cfAhfsf] ljjfb 6'+uf] gnufO{ 7]Ssf
gnufpg] cf]nL ;/sf/sf] gLlts} ljk/Lt
@* ca{df !)^ lsdL 6«ofs agfpg] %$
j6f 7]Ssf !* j6f sDkgLx?nfO{ efuj08f
ug{ nfluPsf] xf] .
ns8fpgn] ;fj{hlgs oftfoft klg
aGb /x]sf] a]nf ;"rgf hf/L ul/g'
ljlw;Ddt gePsf] atfpFb} k|efljtx?n]
cfklQ hgfPsf x'g\ .
ljefun] ut c;f/ !$ ut] #) j6f
/ !& ut] @$ j6f 6]G8/ Ps}k6s
lgsfn]sf] lyof] . emfkfsf] sfFs8le§fb]lv
Og?jf;Dd k"j{–klZrd /]ndfu{sf] df6f]
e/]/ 6«ofs a]8 agfpg %$ j6f 7]Ssfdf
af]nkq cfXjfg ePsf] lyof] .
of] 7]Ssfdf efu lng /]n–j] 6«ofs
a]8df sfd u/]sf] cg'ej dfu ul/Psf]
lyof] . g]kfndf To:tf cg'ej ePsf
sDkgL !& j6f dfq} ePsfn] o;df
ldn]dtf]sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] lyof] . clxn]
ltg} sDkgLn] dfq} 6]G8/df ;xeflutf
hgfPsf 5g\ .
hUuf clwu|x0fsf] ;"rgf lgsfNg]
lalQs} To;sf] k|lqmof g} k"/f gu/L
7]Ssf nufpg xtf/ ul/Psfn] klg o;df
cfz+sf hlGdPsf] xf] .
hUuf clwu|x0fsf] k|lqmof g} k"/f
gu/L 7]Ssf gnufpg cy{dGqfnon] ;r]t
klg u/fPsf] lyof] . t/, ljjflbt k|lqmof
g/f]lsPkl5 lgdf{0f Joj;foL cbfntdf
uPsf lyP .
gf]a]ndf===
x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 . d]lzg vl/b ug]{
sfd ;s]sf 5f}+, lgb]{zs g]kfnn] eg]–
o;sf] :6n]zg u/]/ Ps;ftf leq}af6
k/LIf0f ;'? ug]{5f}+ .
gf]a]nn] ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu b'O{
xhf/ ^)) ?k}of z'Ns lnP/ kL;Lcf/
k/LIf0f ug]{ ePsf] xf] . ;/sf/n] kfFr
xhf/ %)) ?lkFof z'Ns tf]s]klg gf]a]nn]
Tof]eGbf sd z'Ns lnP/ k/LIf0f ug]{5,
lgb]{zs g]kfnn] eg]–;/sf/L:t/af6
k/LIf0f ug{ k7fPdf b'O{ xhf/ #)) ?lkFof
dfq} nfUg]5 .
gf]a]n d]l8sn sn]hsf lk|lG;kn
8fS6/ /fdx/L l3ld/]n] sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0fsf]
b/ a9\b} uPkl5 ;/sf/n] dfq} gful/ssf]
:jf:Yo ;'/IffnfO{ wfGg g;Sg] b]lvPsf]n]
lghL If]qn] k/LIf0fsf] ;'ljwf pknAw
u/fpg nfu]sf] atfP . pgn] cfd
gful/ssf] dfu adf]lhd g} gf]a]nsf]
Nofadf pRr k|ljlwsf] kL;Lcf/ d]lzg
h8fg x'g nfu]sf] bfjL u/] .
;8s===
cfkm'n] u/]sf] sfdsf] clGtd d'Nofª\sg
u/]/ of]hgf x:tfGt/0fsf] tof/L /x]sf] 5 .
ljjflbt If]qdf b]lvPsf] ;d:of
;fdfwfg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L Og?jf
gu/kflnsfsf] ePsfn] o; k6s
gu/kflnsfn] ljjflbt If]qsf 3/wgLx?n]
cfkm} ;+/rgf geTsfPsf] cjZyfdf
sfg"gcg';f/ cufl8 a9g] tof/L u/]sf] 5 .
j0f{dfnf ;Djfbbftf
Og?jf . Og?jf gu/kflnsfdf
sf]le8 !( sf]/f]gf efO{/; lgoGq0fsf nflu
ul/Psf] ns8fpgb]lv xfn;Dd & ;o (
hgfsf] kL;Lcf/ kl/If0f ul/Psf] 5 .
Og?jf gu/kflnsf :jf:Yo zfvfsf
cg';f/ sf]le8 !( dxfdf/L km}lnPkl5
a;kfs{ / eujtL dfljdf ;~rfng
ul/Psf] Sjf/]G6fO{gdf ef/t tyf cGo
d'n'saf6 cfPsf;Fu} ;d'bfo txaf6 !
;o @& dlxnf / % ;o *@ hgf u/L &
;o ( hgfsf] :jfj lnP/ kL;Lcf/ kl/If0f
ul/Psf] xf] .
Og?jf gu/kflnsf :jf:Yo zfvfsf
ld>Lnfn d]xtfsf cg';f/ a;kfs{ /
eujtL dflj Sjf/]G6fO{gdf a;]sf # ;o
l:6N; OG6/k|fO{h]h
Og?jf # dx]Gb|rf}s /fhdfu{ blIf0f
l:6N;sf ;j} ;dfgx? ca Og?jfdf
xfdL sxfF lgdf{0f ;fdu|L ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ dfn;fdfgx? ;'ky d'Nodf kfOG5 .
Og?jfdf & ;o ( hgfsf] kL;Lcf/ kl/If0f ubf{ !# hgf ;+qmldt
j0f{dfnf ;Djfbbftf
Og?jf . ;'g;/Ldf @ ;lxt k|b]z
! df cfOtjf/ ! ;o # sf]/f]gf ;+qmldt
ylkPsf 5g\ . ylkPsf dWo] #$ dlxnf
/ ^( k'?if 5g\ . ;a}eGbf a9L df]/ª
lhNnfdf (@ hgf ;+qmldt k'li6 ePsf]
5 . o:t}, vf]6fªdf ^ hgf, ;'g;/Ldf
@ hgf, Onfddf ! / k|b]z ! aflx/sf
@ hgfsf] l/kf]6{ kf]h]l6e cfPsf] ;fdflhs
!& hgfsf] :jfj lnP/ kL;Lcf/ kl/If0f
ul/Psf] lyof] .
Sjf/]lG6gdf a;]sfx? dWo] ( hgfsf]
kL;Lcf/ l/kf]{6 kf]h]l6e cfPsf] lyof] .
kf]h]l6e ePsf sf]/f]gf ;+qmldt dWo] $
hgf ef/taf6 cfPsf x'g . cGo $ hgf
;+qmldt ;fpbL c/a, b'jO{ / kfls:tfgaf6
cfPsf] pgLx?sf] 6«fen lxi6«L /x]sf] 5 .
:jf:Yo zfvfsf d]xtfsf cg';f/
Og?jfsf b'O{ hgf ;+qmldt dWo] Ps
hgf g]kfn k|x/L / csf{ ;z:q k|x/Ldf
sfo{/t ;'/IffsdL{ x'g .
Og?jf % axfnf / Og?jf ^
dw]zfsf Ps÷Ps hgf ;+qmldt dWo]
Ps hgf hgsk'/af6 kL;Lcf/ kl/If0f
u/L xf]d cfO;f]n];gdf a:g Og?jf
cfPsf x'g eg] csf{ ;+qmldt xf]d
Sjf/]G6fO{gdf a;]/ Og?jf gu/kflnsfaf6
kL;Lcf/ kl/If0f ubf{ kf]h]l6e l/kf]{6 cfPsf
JolQm x'g .
d]xtfn] eg], …;d'bfo txdf # ;o
(@ hgfsf] :jfj lnP/ kL;Lcf/ kl/If0f
ul/Psf dWo] ! hgfsf] kf]h]l6e l/kf]{6
cfPsf] xf] .
Og?jfdf sG6\ofS6 6"]l;ª / 6"fen
lxi6"L lagf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf lhNnf ;b:o
of]u]Gb|k|;fb d]xtfsf] kL;Lcf/ l/kf]{6
kf]h]l6e cfPsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L kL;Lcf/ kl/If0f afx]s *%
hgf k'?if / !! hgf dlxnf u/L (^
hgfsf] cf/8L6L kl/If0f ul/Psf]df ;j}sf]
g]u]l6e l/kf]{6 cfPsf] lyof] .
;'g;/Ldf @ ;lxt k|b]z ! df ! ;o # hgfdf sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0f
ljsf; dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 .
df]/ªsf] lj/f6gu/
dxfgu/kflnsfdf cfOtjf/ ^) hgfdf
sf]/f]gf] k'li6 ePsf] 5 . ;+qmldt dWo]
#@ dlxnf / %$ k'?if /x]sf 5g\ .
;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfnosf cg';f/
a'9Lu+ufdf #, wgkfnyfgdf @ / s6x/Ldf
! k'?ifsf] l/kf]6{ kf]h]l6e cfPsf] 5 .
o;}ul/, vf]6fªsf] lbQm]n ?kfsf]6
dem'jfu9Ldf ^ k'?ifdf ;+qmd0f k'li6
ePsf] 5 eg] ;'g;/Lsf] O6x/Ldf !
k'?if, b'xjLdf ! dlxnf, Onfdsf]
b]pdfO{df ! k'?ifdf klg sf]/f]gf kf]h]l6e
b]lvPsf] 5 . o:t}, af/fsf ! k'?if /
l;/xfsL ! dlxnfdf ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf]
;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfnon] hgfPsf]
5 . k|b]z ! df sf]/f]gf ;+qmldtsf] ;+Vof
@ xhf/ !) k'u]sf] 5 .
aLkLdf yk Ps hgf sf]/f]gf ;+qmldtsf] d[To'
j0f{dfnf ;Djfbbftf
;'g;/L . aLkL sf]O/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg
k|lti7fg w/fgdf zlgjf/ /ftL Ps hgf
sf]/f]gf ;+qmldtsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .
lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsf @
tLgk}gLsL %) jlif{o dlxnfsf] zlgjf/
/ftL sl/a ;f9] afx| ah] d[To' ePsf]
aLkL sf]O/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg
w/fgsf k|jQmf 8f= lgb]z ;fksf]6fn]
hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . d[tsdf $÷%
lbg b]lv cTolws Hj/f] cfPsf] /
vf]sL nfUg'sf ;fy} Zjf; km]g{ ;d:of
ePsf] / kmf]S;f] / d'6'df ;d:of /x]sf]
atfOPsf] 5 .
zlgjf/ lj/f6gu/ l:yt Go'/f]
xl:k6naf6 k|lti7fgdf l/km/ ul/Psf]
lyof] . of];Fu} k|lti7fgdf pkrf/sf qmddf
d[To' x'g]sf] ;+Vof & k'u]sf] 5 .
l:6N; kfOk, sfnf] kfOk -uf]nf] O:Sjfo/ _ 8G8L, l;d]G6, ;6/sf
;fdfgx?, j]nl8ª /8, l8hfOg a'§fx?, O:Sjfo/ /8, lu|n kQL,
;6/ kQL r]gn, PdP; l;6, ;Lcf/ ;L6nufotsf] yf]s tyf
v'b|fdf laqmL ljt/0f ul/G5 .
;Dks{ (*%@)&%!&^, (*%@)&^!&%
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lh=x'=sf=;'=b=g+= #÷)&^÷)&&
lh=k|=sf= ;'g;/L btf{ g+= !&)÷)&@÷)&#
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnåf/f alu{s[t b}lgs ;dfrf/kq
aif{ % c+s !* @)&& ebf} ! ;f]daf/ (17 Aug 2020) d"No ?= %.–
ef]qmfxf–g/l;+x xTof sf08df xTof/f glhs k'Uof] k|x/L
;fyLs} ;+nUgtfdf ofbjsf] xTof ePsf] k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg
j0f{dfnf ;Djfbbftf
Og?jf . ;'g;/Lsf] ef]qmfxf g/l;+x
ufpFkflnsf j8f gDa/ & sf @@ jlif{o
u'0f/fh ofbjsf] laeT; xTof u/L af]/fdf
afFw]/ kmflnPsf] 36gfdf pgs} ;fyLx¿
;+nUg ePsf] k|x/Lsf] k|f/lDes
cg';Gwfgaf6 v'n]sf] 5 .
pgsf] za zlgjf/ ljxfg ef]qmfxf
g/l;+x j8f gDa/ % / Og?jf j8f
gDa/ ( sf] ;Ldf gbLsf] ?kdf /x]sf]
;'g;/L vf]nfdf af]/fdf aflwPsf] cj:yfdf
km]nf k/]sf] lyof] .
d[ts ofbjsf] pgs} 3/ cf;kf;sf
;fyLx¿af6 laxLaf/ /ftsf] ;dodf xTof
u/L af]/fdf xft–v'§f afFw]/ ;'g;/L
vf]nfdf kmflnPsf] cg';Gwfgn] b]vfPsf]
k|x/L ;|f]tn] hgfPsf] 5 .
cfkm\g} ufpFdf ;~rfng ul//x]sf]
df]afOn dd{t k;n aGb u/]/ laxLaf/
lbpF;f] 3/ glhss} ;fyL;Fu ;fOsndf
ofbj Og?jf ahf/ 3'Dg cfPsf lyP .
Og?jfaf6 3/ kmls{g] qmddf yk s]xL
;fyLx¿;Fu e]6 ePkl5 ofbj;lxt s]xLn]
Ps 3/df vfhf vfPsf lyP .
ToxfFaf6 ;fFem Ps hgf
cfkmGtsf]df k'u]sf pgL ToxfFaf6 k+vfsf]
df]6/ lalu|Psf] kmf]g cfPkl5 lgl:sPsf
lyP . af6f]df hfFb} ubf{ ;fyLx?sf]
;d"x e]6]sf d[tsn] 36gf :yn glhs}
;fyLsf] hGdlbgsf] kf6L{ eGb} vfglkgdf
a;]sf lyP . /ftLsf] ;f9] cf7 ah];Dd
ToxL vfglkg u/]sf pgL To;kl5
;fyLx?;Fu glhs} /x]sf] k6'jf 3f/Ldf
uPsf lyP .
;'g;/Ldf a9\of] lgif]lwt If]qsf]
;do, ebf} & ut];Dd sfod /xg]
j0f{dfnf ;Djfbbftf
Og?jf . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no
;'g;/Ln] lhNnfdf hf/L u/]sf] lgif]lwt
If]qsf] ;do a9fPsf] 5 . cfOtjf/
dWo/ftL;Dd /x]sf] lgif]lwt If]qsf]
cfb]znfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;'g;/Ln]
yk Ps ;ftfnfO{ a9fPsf] xf] .
lhNnfdf sf]/f]gf ;+qmldtx¿
lbgfg'lbg a9\b} uPsf]n] lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{no ;'g;/Ldf cfOtjf/ a;]sf] ;'/Iff
;ldltsf] a}7sn] cfOtjf/ dWo/ftLb]lv
ebf} & ut] /flt !@ ah];Dd lgif]lwt
If]q 3f]if0ff yk u/]sf] 5 .
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;'g;/Ln]
cfh Ps ;"rgf hf/L u/L cTofjZos
afx]s dflg;x¿ lxF8\8'n ug{ gkfOg],
ahf/ tyf xf6ahf/ aGb /xg], ;fj{hlgs
tyf lghL ;jf/L ;fwg ;~rfng ug{
gkfOg] / :jf:Yo / cTofjZos ;jf/L
;fwgx¿ eg] :jf:Yo k|f]6f]sn ckgfP/
;~rfng x'g kfpg], a}s tyf, ljQLo
;+:yfx¿ ljB'lto ;]jf afx]s ;a} aGb
x'g] / ;/sf/L sfof{no, ;fj{hlgs
;+:yfx¿n] ;se/ ljB'lto dfWodaf6
;]jf k|jfx ug]{, sd{rf/L g} pkl:yt eP/
;]jf k|jfx ug{'kg]{ eP cfjZostf x]/L
sfof{no k|d'vn] sfof{nodf sd{rf/Lsf]
le8ef8 gu/fO{ sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg'kg]{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
olb o;sf] sfof{Gjog ePg eg]
;+qmds /f]u @)@) / k|rlnt sfg'g
adf]lhd sf/afxL x'g] lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 .
afFsL clGtd kftf]df===
ToxL pgsf] xTof ePsf] k|f/lDes
hfgsf/L k|f/lDes cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf
v'n]sf] atfO{Psf] 5 .
k6'jf 3f/Ldf pgsf] xft v'6\6f
8f]/Ln] afw]/ ToxfF 9'+uf / kmnfdsf] r'Rrf]
xltof/n] k|xf/ u/]/ pgsf] xTof ul/Psf]
lyof] . ;|f]tsf cg';f/sf] pgsf] ln+udf
;d]t 9'+uf h:tf] xltof/n] k|xf/ ul/Psf]
h:tf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
pgsf] Pp6f sfg sfl6Psf] 5,
ln+u / cfFvfdf ulx/f] rf]6 b]lvG5 .
xTofkl5 ofbjnfO{ xft v'6f afFw]/
Knfl:6ssf] af]/fdf xfn]/ /ftL g} ;'g;/L
vf]nfdf kmflnPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
ofbjnfO{ :yfgLo l5d]sL / kl/jf/n]
z'qmjf/ laxfg vf]Hg] qmddf 3/b]lv
afFsL clGtd kftf]df===
j0f{dfnf ;Djfbbftf
Og?jf . /]Nj]nfO{gdf kg]{ hUufsf]
d'cfAhf lgwf{/0f g} gu/L /]Nj] ;'g;/Lsf]
Og?jfb]lv emfkfsf] sfFs8le§f;Ddsf]
!)^ lsnf]ld6/ …/]Nj] 6«ofs a]8Ú agfpg
6]08/ k|lqmof ;'? ubf{ lgdf{0fdf cGof}ntf
b]lvPsf] 5 .
ldn]dtf]df 7]Ssf nufpg] tof/L
ljifosf ;"rgfx? aflx/ cfO{/xFbf
;/sf/n] ns8fpg u/]sf] / gful/sx?
3/ aflx/ lg:sg g;ls/x]sf] a]nfdf
hUuf clwu|x0fsf] ;"rgf k|sflzt u/]/
klxnf] r/0fd} sRrf sfd ubf{ cGof}ntf
a9]sf] xf] .
;/sf/n] ut r}t !! b]lv b]z}el/
ns8fpgsfg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . ;fpg
^ ut];Dd ns8fpg cGTo ePsf] lyPg .
:oflg6fO{h÷ lgd{nLs/0f ug{] ;DaGwL
Og?jf gu/kflnsfsf] cToGt h?/L ;"rgfÛ
ljleGg efO{/; tyf lhjf0f'x? /f]syfdsf] nflu Og?jf gu/kflnsfIf]qdf dflg;x?
a9L le8ef8 x'g] tyf hf]lvd /x]sf :yfgx?df :oflg6fO{h÷ lgd{nLs/0f ug{ ljifflb
o'Qm cf}ifwL bdsn dfkm{t 5ls{g] ePsf]n] ldlt @)&& ebf} ! ut] / @ ut] lbgsf] !@
ah] b]lv # ah] ;Dd cf–cfˆgf] 3/af6 aflx/ glgl:sg' x'g cg'/f]w 5 . ;fy} cf–
cfkm\gf] 3/sf] ‰ofn, 9f]sf / k;n Joj;fosf] ;6/x? /fd|f] ;+u aGb ug{ x'g ;d]t
cg'/f]w 5 .
Og?jf gu/kflnsfsf] cToGt h?/L ;"rgfÛ
Og?jf gu/kflnsfsf] cToGt h?/L ;"rgf Û
ef}lts ;+/rgf x6fpg] hfgsf/L ;DaGwdf .
k|:t't ljifodf Og?jf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= # ;v'jfuf5L rf}s b]lv
lhlj;, lhlzsf x'b} alaof l;dfgf ;Dd kSsL gfnf ;lxt sfnf]kq] ug]{
sfo{, zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg l8lehg sfof{no, lj/f6gu/af6 7]Ssf
nflu lgdf{0f sfo{ eO{/x]sf]df lgdf{0f sfo{df cj/f]w x'g glbg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?
;+u ldlt @)&^.^.( ut] gu/kflnsf sfof{nodf ePsf] ;xdtL cg';f/
pQm ;8s %@ lkm6 agfpg] qmddf 3/wgLx?n] ef}lts ;+/rgf -kSsL 3/_
Ps dlxgf leq x6fpg] elgPsf]df xfn ;Dd pQm ;+/rgfx? gx6fO{Psf]n]
ldlt @)&&.$.@^ ut]sf] kqaf6 ldlt @)&&.%.! ut] leq cf–cfˆgf]
;+/rgf x6fO{ lgdf{0f sfo{df ;xof]u ul/lbg x'g / pQm ;do leqdf
;+/rgf gx6fPdf :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;+rfng P]g, @)&$ adf]lhd sfo{jfxL
eO{ hfg] Joxf]/f ;d]t clGtd ks6sf] nflu hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf]n] tf]lsPsf]
;do leq ef}lts ;+/rgf x6fO{ ;xof]u ul/lbg x'g ;DalGwt 3/wgLx?nfO{
k'gZr hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .
;8s lj:tf/nfO{ cj?4 ug]{ 3/ wgLsf] ;+/rgf x6fpg] ;Ldf cfh ;lsb}
c6]/ ug]{nfO{ sf/jfxLsf] tof/Ldf gu/kflnsf
j0f{dfnf ;Djfbbftf
Og?jf . Og?jf gu/kflnsf
gu/sfo{kflnsfn] ahf/If]qsf ^ hgf
3/wgLnfO{ cltqmd0f ul/Psf] 3/
eTsfpg cfh;Ddsf] clGtd ;do ;Ldf
lbPsf] 5 .
zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg l8lehg
sfof{no lj/f6gu/af6 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf
eP/ ;v'jfuf5Lb]lv lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldlt x'Fb} aljof;Ddsf] ;8s 9n
lgdf{0f sfo{cGt{ut ahf/If]qdf cj/f]w
x'Fbf lgdf{0f sfo{ /f]lsPkl5 3/ eTsfpg
o; k6s clGtd ;do ;Ldfsf] r]tfjgL
lbPsf] xf] .
Og?jf gu/kflnsfsf OlGhlgo/
pd]Zj/ d]xtfsf cg';f/ :yfgLo
pkef]Qmfx?;Fu @)&^ c;f]h ( ut]
t/, h]7 @$ ut] k|wfgdGqL cf]nLs}
u[xlhNnf emfkfsf] lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{non] /]ndfu{df hUuf k/]sf] eGb}
clwu|x0fsf] #% lbg] ;"rgf lgsfNof] .
n8fpg pNn\+3g u/]sf] eGb} k|x/Ln]
hgtfnfO{ 808f xflg/x]sf a]nf h]7 @&
ut] df]/ª / ;'g;/Lsf hgtfnfO{ klg
ltd|f] hUuf clwu|x0f ug{ nfluPsf] 5,
#% lbgleq bfaL k|:t't ug{' eg]/ ;"rgf
hf/L ul/of] .
hltv]/ emfkf, df]/ª / ;'g;/L
lhNnf k|zf;gn] #% lbg] ;"rgf hf/L
ul//x]sf lyP, To;a]nf k|x/L k|zf;g
cfkm}+n] dfOlsª u/]/ dflg;x?nfO{ 3/}leq
a:g / ns8fpgsf] kfngf ug{ elg/x]sf]
lyof] . t/, ToxLa]nf /x:odo 9+uaf6
emfkfsf @ xhf/ @, df]/ªsf !# ;o %&
/ ;'g;/Lsf *$( hUufjfn Pj+
3/wgLx?nfO{ d'cfAhfsf nflu bfaL ug{
cfu|x ul/of] .
o;ljifodf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no
;'g;/Ln] ;/f]sf/jfnf :yfgLo txsf
ePsf] ;xdltcg';f/ %@ lkm6sf] If]qleq
eGbf aflx/sf] ef}lts ;+/rgf / cj/f]w
x6fpg] lg0f{ocg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{ cj/f]w
ePsf] ahf/ If]qsf] 3/ eTsfpg k6s–
k6s lbPsf] ;do ;Ldfdf c6]/ u/]sfn]
o; k6s clGtd ;do ;Ldf lbPsf] xf] .
Og?jf gu/kflnsf
gu/sfo{kflnsfsf] @)&& ;fpg !% ut]
a;]sf] a}7sn] clGtd k6s ;ft lbg]
;do ;Ldf lbg] lg0f{o u/]sfn] ebf} !
ut];Dddf cj/f]w x6fpg elgPsf]
OlGhlgo/ d]xtfn] atfP .
gu/kflnsfn] Og?jf ! sf k|sfz
/f7L, k|lbk /f7L, k|lbk ;f]gL, lblnk
;f]gL, ;+;fb O/fsL, gf};fb O/fsLsf
gfddf ;fpg @^ ut]sf] ldltdf cj/f]w
ul/Psf] ef}lts ;+/rgf eTsfpg kq
d'cfAhf;d]t lgwf{/0f gu/L 7]Ssf k|lqmof cl3 a9fpFbf
Og?jf–sfFs8le§f /]Nj] 6«ofs lgdf{0f cGof}nu|:t
k|d'vx?;Fu of] ljifodf k|f/lDes 5nkmn
u/]klg ;"rgfsf] cefjn] k|efljtx?
d'cfAhfsf] bfjL ug{ clxn];Dd klg cfpg
;s]sf 5}gg\ .
Psflt/ ns8fpg, csf{lt/
hUufjfnnfO{ ;fj{hlgs oftfoft aGb
/x]s} a]nf d'cfAhf bfaL ug{ cfpg' eGg]
pbL{ tfnd]nk"0f{ b]lvPsf] lyPg .
lhNnf k|zf;gsf] ;"rgf cg';f/
emfkfsf d]rLg/u/, u/fdgL, cgf/dlg,
b'jfu8L, rf/kfg], 3}nf8'Aaf, lzju~h,
tf]kuf5L, bds / nvgk'/ If]qsf sl/a
@ xhf/ JolQmsf] 3/hUuf /]ndfu{df kg]{
ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L df]/ªsf] ;fljs dw'dNnf
^, pnf{af/L, ky/L zlgZr/], cd/bx,
jo/ajg, s]/f}g, 8fFuLxf6, a]naf/L, ;'Gb/
x/}+rf If]qsf !#%* lsQf hUufx? /]n
ljefun] clwu|x0f ug{ nfu]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L ;'g;/Lsf] O6x/L, vgf/,
rfFba]nf, alaof, ef]qmfxf / Og?jfsf
afFsL clGtd kftf]df===
k7fPsf] lyof] .
gu/kflnsfn] k7fPsf] ;f] kq ^
hgf 3/wgLx?n] a'emLlnPsfn] ebf} !
ut];Dd ;+/rgf x6fpg] eTsfpg] sfo{
gu/] :yfgLo tx ;+rfng P]g @)&$ cg';f/
sfg"gL sf/jfxL ul/g] hgfPsf] 5 .
lgdf{0f sDkgLn] Og?jf #
;v'jfuf5Lb]lv ahf/sf] ljjflbt If]q
/x]sf] :yfg glhs;Dd %@ lkm6sf]
dfkb08df /x]/ sfnf]kq] ;8s / 9n
lgdf{0f sfo{ u/L ;8s k]6L / Plhª
nufpg] sfo{ k'/f u/]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L Og?jf ahf/b]lv lhNnf
;dGjo ;ldlt;Ddsf] If]qdf sfnf]kq]
sfo{ afFsL /x]sfn] ebf} dlxgfb]lv afFsL
/x]sf] sfd ;DkGg u/L lgdf{0f sDkgLn]
afFsL clGtd kftf]df===
gf]a]ndf kL;Lcf/ d]lzg,
b'O{ xhf/ 5 ;od} kl/If0f
j0f{dfnf ;Djfbbftf
lj/f6gu/ . gf]a]n d]l8sn sn]h
P08 l6lrª c:ktfn lj/f6gu/n]
cTofw'lgs k|ljlwsf] kL;Lcf/ d]lzg
leq\ofPsf] 5 .
c:ktfnn] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] :jf:Yo
;'/IffnfO{ Vofndf /fVb} sf]/f]gf efO{/;
-sf]le8–!(_ ;+qmd0f klxrfgsf nflu :jfa
k/LIf0f ug]{ kL;Lcf/ d]lzg vl/b u/]sf] xf] .
c:ktfnsf k|jGws gf/fo0f
bfxfnsf cg';f/ cd]l/sL pRr k|ljlwsf]
l6A;g kL;Lcf/ d]lzgn] Ps k6sdf
(^ hgfsf] :jfa gd"gf k/LIf0f ug]{
Ifdtf /fVb5 . Ps ;fOsndf (^ :jfa
gd"gf /fv]kl5 To;sf] l/kf]6{ $% ldg]6df
cfpg] k|jGws bfxfnn] hfgsf/L lbP .
of] d]lzgdf cf/PgP PS6"fS;g grflxg]
/ ;f]em}+ :jfaaf6} k/LIf0f ug{ ;lsg]
ePsf]n] l56f] x'g] bfjL u/] .
cfOtaf/ sDklgn] c:ktfnsf
lgb]{zs 8f= /fh]z g]kfnnfO{ d]lzg
afFsL clGtd kftf]df===
Og?jf gu/kflnsf
gu/ sfo{ kflnsfsf] sfof{no
Og?jf, ;'g;/L k|b]z g+= !
ns8fpg ;DaGwL cToGt h?/L ;"rgf
ljZjJofkL ?kdf km}lnPsf] sf]/f]gf efO/; -sf]le8-!(_ sf] dfxfdf/L lgoGq0fsf nflu lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{no ;'g;/Ln] ldlt @)&&.)$.@^ sf] lg0f{onfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb} ldlt @)&&.)%.)&
ut] /flt !@M)) ah] ;Dd lhNnfnfO{ lgif]lwt If]q 3f]if0ff u/]sfn] o; Og?jf gu/kflnsfdf klg
km}lnbf] qmddf a9]kl5 o;sf] /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0fsf nflu tkl;ndf pNn]lvt ;]jfafx]s Og?jf
gu/If]q ldlt @)&& ebf} & ut] /ftL !@M)) ah] ;Dd k"0f{?kdf ns8fpg ul/Psf] ;Dk"0f{ gu/
af;Lx?df ;"lrt ul/G5 .
!= Og?jf gu/ If]qleqsf cf}ifwL k;nafx]s ;a} k|sf/sf k;n Joj;fox? / ;a} a}+s
tyf lalQo ;+:yfx?, ;jf/L ;fwgx? ldlt @)&&.)%.)& ut] /flt !@M)) ah] ;Dd k"0f{
?kdf aGb ug{] .
@= csf{] ;"rgf hf/L gx'Gh]n;Ddsf nflu gu/kflnsf / j8f sfof{nox?af6 k|jfxf x'g]
:jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO{ afx]s ;a} ;]jf csf{] ;"rgf geP ;Ddsf] nflu k"0f{?kdf aGb ug{] .
#= gu/kflnsf eGbf afxL/af6 cfPsf cTofj:os ;]jf afx]ssf ;Dk"0f{ ;jf/L cfjt–
hfjtdf /f]s nufpg] .
$= Og?jf gu/If]qleq /x]sf] ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nox?nfO{ hf]lvd Go"lgs/0fsf nflu
tf]lsPsf] :jf:Yo ;'/Iff dfkb08 k'/f u/]/ dfq ;~rfng ug{ u/fpg' x'g .
cg'/f]wstf{
/fhg d]xtf -gu/k|d'v_
Og?jf gu/kflnsf

bf];|f] kftf]
larf/dfnf
sf]/f]gf efO/;sf] ljifodf
cem} ;3g hgr]tgfsf] vfrf]
g]kfndf sf]/f]gf ;+qmd0fsf] klxnf] s]z b]lvg] lalQs}
o;sf] k|rf/ k|;f/df Wofg glbO{Psf] xf]O{g . ;+3Lo
;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] cf–cfkm\gf]
If]qdf ;~rf/dfWodx?sf] k|of]u u/]/ 5fkf, >Ao /
>Aob[io k|rf/ ;fdu|Lx? ;j{;fwf/0f ;dIf k'¥ofP .
o;sf/ cltl/Qm ljb]zL / :jb]zL ;~rf/dfWoddf k|sflzt
x'g] sf]/f]gf eO/;sf] ;dfrf/n] klg w]/} xb;Dd ;r]tgf
km}nfpg] sfd u¥of] . cem} j8f txdf klg sf]/f]gf
efO/;sf la?4 cleofg rn]sf]n] clwsf+z dflg;x?n]
le8ef8 ePsf] :yfgdf hfg gx'g], w]/} le8ef8o"Qm s'g}
klg sfo{qmdx? ug{ gx'g], ;w} 3/ aflx/ lgl:sbf
df:ssf] k|of]u ug'{ kg]{, s'g} a:t' 5f]Pkl5 jf 3/
kmls{bf clgjfo{ ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g' kg]{ jf ;]lg6fO{h/sf]
k|of]u ug'{ kg]{ h:tf s'/fnfO{ cfTd;fy u/]sf] b]lvPsf]
5 . klxnf] ns8fpgsf] cjwLdf t k|To]s k;nn] cfkm\gf]
cufl8 clgjfo{ ;fa'g kfgLsf] Aoj:yf u/]sf] klg b]lvof] .
t/ ;/sf/n] ns8fpg vf]n]kl5 dflg;x? s]xL
nfk/jfxL b]lvP . ns8fpg v'n]kl5 sf]/f]gf eO/;sf]
qf; klg sd ePsf] dx;'; cfd dflg;x?n] u/]sf]
h:tf] cg'e't eof] . df:s nufpg], ;fj'gkfgLn] xft
w'g] h:tf sfdx? sd eP . ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf]
:jf:Yo dfkb08 ljkl/t le8ef8 x'g yfn]sf] lyof] .
h;sf] kl/0ffd kl5Nnf] ;dodf sf]/f]gf eO/; ;dfhd}
km}lng k'Uof] . efO/;sf] c;/ ;dfhdf b]lvg yfn]kl5
cfjZostf cg';f/ :yfgLo ;/sf/ / lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{nox?n] k'gM cfkm\gf] If]qdf ns8fpg jf lgif]lwt
If]qsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ yfn] . t/ klg dflg;x? aflx/
lgl:s/x]sf 5g :jf:Yo ;DaGwL dfkb08x? cjnDag
ul//x]sf 5}gg . cfd dflg;x?n] cem} a]jf:tf ul//xg]
xf] eg] Ps lbg sf]/f]gfsf] k|efj yfldg;Sg' x'g] lglZrt
k|foM 5 . ;/sf/x?n] ul//x]sf] k|of;nfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{
dflg;df b]lvPsf] nfk/jfxLkgn] ubf{ clxn] k|b]z ! sf
tLg lhNnfx? emfkf, ;'g;/L / df]/ª g/fd|/L k|efljt
ag]sf 5g . cem} df]/ª / k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL lj/f6gu/
emg} ;d:of u|:t aGg k'u]sf] 5 .
clxn]sf] of] cj:yfn] cem} klg g]kfndf sf]/f]gf
eO/; la?4sf] ;r]tgfnfO{ a[xb ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg'
kg]{ cj:yf 68\sf/f] aGg k'u]sf] 5 . cem} O6x/Ldf
sf]/f]gfnfO{ lht]/ kmls{Psf Ps o'jfnfO{ 3/df a:g
glbg] ;dfhsf] lg0f{on] ubf{ cem} 7"nf] dfqfdf ;r]tgf
sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . sf]/f]gf efO/;;Fu
n8\g] clxn];Ddsf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ xltof/ g} ;r]tgf
xf] . df:ssf] clgjfo{ k|of]u ug]{, le8ef8af6 aRg],
;]lg6fO{h/sf] k|of]u jf lgoldt ;fj'g kfgLn] xft w'g],
sf]/f]gf ;+qmldtx?nfO{ x]nf xf]O{g dfof / ;b\efj AoQm
ug]{ h;n] ubf{ pgLx?df /f]unfO{ lhTg] cfTdan k|bfg
u/f];\ . Go"gtd ;'/Iff dfkb08sf] kfngf /fd|/L x'g
g;s]sf] cj:yfdf ca tLg} txsf ;/sf/n] sf]/f]gf
;+qmldtx?sf] pkrf/ / kl/If0f;Fu} :jf:Yo ;'/Iff
dfkb08sf] clgjfo{ k|of]u / sf]/f]gf ;+qmldtx?nfO{
;dfhdf k'g{:yflkt u/fpg] h:tf ljifox?df cfd ;r]tgf
u/fpg] tkm{ klg Wofg lbg h?/L 5 . sltko cj:yfdf
;r]tgfd'ns cleofgn] dfq} sfd gu/] afWofTds Aoj:yf
klg ug{ ;Sg' kg]{ x'G5 . cGoyf clxn];Ddsf k|of;
;a} lg/y{s aGg] 5g . ;a}sf] ;dod} r]t v'nf];\ .
O{Zj/Lk|;fb kf]v/]n
g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwsf] Oltxf;
x]bf{ c;dfg ;lGw, v'nf l;dfgf
cltqmd0fsf pbfx/0f b]lvG5 .
kl5Nnf] cjlwdf ;Ldfdf t6aGw /
;8s ;+/rgf lgdf{0f u/]/ g]kfnL
hgtfnfO{ b'Mv lbg] ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstfd} cfltqmd0f
ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL zf;sx?n]
s"6gLlts kxnaf6 cfk;L ;xdltdf
;d:of ;dfwfg u/f}F eGg] cfu|x
bf]xf]¥ofO /x]sf eP klg OlG8ofn]
k|To'Q/ lbPsf] 5}g . clxn] klg
g]kfnh:tf] l5d]sLsf] dfu s] xf] <
s;/L cfk;L ;dembf/Ldf ;d:of
;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 < eGg] ljifodf
ef/tLo zf;ssf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf]
b]lvFb}g .
/fhgLlts cfly{s ;'b[9Ls/0f /
cfd"n kl/jt{g : g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts
g]t[Tjsf] ;+:s[lt g} cfly{s ;antfsf]
hudf lgld{t 5}g . cfly{s tyf
;fwg;|f]tdf ljb]zL k/lge{/tfsf sf/0f
g]kfn b]zsf] lz/ p7fpg ;lsPg .
bftfx?sf] cfb]zdf rNg] / nfP
cx|fPsf] sfd ug]{ cEof;n] k"0f{
k|hftGq d'n'sdf slxNo} axfn x'g
;s]g . tfklg Oltxf;sf zf;sLo
q'l6df ;'wf/ x'g] ck]Iff g]kfnL hgtfn]
/fvL /x] . st} g]tf, ckgfOPsf]
Joj:yf / zf;sLo k4ltsf sf/0f
w]/} b'Mv kfOPsf] t xf]Og egL cfd"n
kl/jt{gsf nflu g]kfnL hgtf ;a}
lsl;dsf cfGbf]ng / cleofgdf
;l/s eP . ;a}sf] Wo]o hgtfsf]
hLjg:t/ abNg'k5{ eGg] /Xof] . t/,
/fhgLlts, cfly{s ;'b[9Ls/0f /
cfd"n kl/jt{gsf k|of; ;kmn ePsf
5}gg\ / j}b]lzs lge{/tf oyfjt
ljsf; ;do / kl/l:yltn]
NofPh:tf] b]lvP klg To;sf nflu
lgs} 7"nf] ;dk{0f Pj+ k|lta4tf
rflxG5 . g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] ljz]if
ef}uf]lns / k|fs[lts ;+/rgf /
;Dkbfsf] pkof]u u/]/ g} cfly{s
ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] ofqf yfngL
ug{'k5{ . ;+;f/sf ;a} b]zdf nflu
sf]/f]gfsf] sx/ r'gf}tL tyf dfgj
hLjgsf lglDt lzIff ag]/ cfof] .
o;n] ;+;f/sf] l/ltlylt abNg
;S5 . ca ug{'kg]{ kl/jt{gsf qmddf
ljsf;sf nflu cfh;Dd ckgfOPsf
tf}/tl/sfdf ePsf sdhf]/L s]nfO{
ca ;'wf/]/ hfg] cj;/sf ?kdf
gLlt lgdf{tf / of]hgfsf/n] ;b'kof]u
u¿g\ .
! lzIffdf Jofks nufgL
blIf0f sf]l/ofdf /fHon] lzIffsf]
If]qdf u/]sf] nufgLsf] k|ltkmn xfl;n
ePsf] :ki6 b]lvG5 . blIf0f
sf]l/ofnL ;/sf/n] b]zleq lzIffdf
nufgL a9fpg'sf ;fy} pRr lzIffsf
lglDt ljsl;t b]zsf ljZjljBfnodf
cWoog ug{ /fHosf] vr{df ljBfyL{
k7fPsf] tYo :d/0f ug{'k5{ . tL
ljBfyL{ cWoog k"/f u/]kl5 :jb]zd}
kmls{g] / of]Uotfcf¿k /fHon]
/f]huf/L lbg] jftfj/0f agfOPsf]
lyof] . g]kfnn] klg ljsf;sf] husf]
cfly{s ;antf / :jfledfg
b]lvG5 .
3]/faGbLsf] /fhgLltsf kL8f :
g]kfnL hgtfsf] lxtsf nflu lj=;=
@))^ ;fnkl5 g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf gfddf kf6L{x? u7g
eP . g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts e"agf]6,
hg;d'bflos ljZjf;, wd{, ;+:s[lt,
cfly{s cfofh{g hLjg, dfgjLo
hLjg:t/ tyf e" ;Ldfsf
afWotfx?nfO{ @))& ;fnb]lv @)^#
;fn;Dd cfOk'Ubf klg /fhgLlts
;xL ljZn]if0f ug]{ / cu'jfO{ ug]{
Ifdtfdf g]kfnL g]tfx? r's] eGg]
nfUb5 . /fhsLo ;a} kIf /
l5d]sLx?nfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf km/s
km/s bz{g / dfGotf /Xof] . s'g}
klg /fhgLlts kf6L{x? PsLs[t
kf6L{sf ?kdf ljsl;t x'g, nfdf]
;do rNg / cfGtl/s ;+3if{df b]z
lxtdf Psh'6 eP/ l6Sg ;s]gg\ .
ljz]if u/L /fhgLlts sl7gfOaf6 d'lQm
x'g] af6fx? rog /0fgLltsf ljifodf
g]kfnsf sDo'lg:6x? slxNo} Psh'6
x'g ;s]gg\ . ljutdf sDo'lg:6x?
;;fgf bh{gf}F ;d"xdf ljeflht x'g] /
knfog eP/ /fhfsf z/0fdf kg]{
rng klg lg/Gt/ a9L /Xof] .
k|hftflGqs zlQm g]kfnL
sf+u]|;af6 klg w]/} g]tfx? ;d"x lnP/
jf PSn} /fhfs} k~rfotL Joj:yfdf
;l/s eP/ /fhgLltsf] cEof; lg/Gt/
eO/fVof] . 3]/faGbLsf] /fhgLltsf]
kL8fdf b/jf/ z/0f, OlG8of cfl>t
/fhgLlt jf h]ndf ;8\g' g} ljsNk
lyof] . k|hftGq tyf k"[0f{ u0ftGqdf
rflxF /fhgLlts kf6L{sf gfddf u'6,
pku'6 / ljrf}lnofx?sf] e"ldsf
3]/faGbLsf] /fhgLlts kL8fn] d'n's
cwf]ultdf hfg yfNof] . k"0f{ u0ftGq,
b'O{ltxfO glhssf] ;Qf k|fKt x'Fbf
klg g]kfnL /fhgLlt ljb]zLsf]
3]/faGbLdf 5 eGg] ;'Gg'kg]{ tLtf] syf
slxn] cGTo xf]nf < cfk;L ;+3if{df
ljb]zLnfO{ sf/s 7fGg] b[li6bf]ifaf6
g]kfnL /fhgLlt slxn] d'Qm x'G5 <
cfGtl/s /fhgLlts dfldnfdf
OlG8ofsf] e"ldsf
la|l6zkl5sf] OlG8og g]t[Tjn]
klg g]kfnL e"lddf cf1f kfns
zf;ssf] vf]hL ul//Xof] . cGtdf
@))& ;fnkl5 g]kfnL sf+u]|;leq
dft[sfk|;fb sf]O/fnf / ljZj]Zj/k|;fb
sf]O/fnf aLrdf j}rfl/s kmf6f] Nofof] .
oL b'j} Ps} afa'sf 5f]/f lyP .
?kdf lzIffdf cfd"n kl/jt{g ub}{
;Lk / /f]huf/Ld"ns lzIffdf hf]8
lbg'k5{ . /fHosf] nufgLdf gful/sn]
l;s]sf] ;Lk, cfh]{sf] 1fg, v'n]sf]
r]tgf, a9]sf] Ifdtf / k|fKt ljifout
lj1tfnfO{ /fHon] ;b'kof]u ug{
;S5 . bIf / Ifdtfjfg hgzlQmljgf
b]zn] ljsf;df km8\sf] dfg{ ;Sb}g .
o;}n] lzIffsf] If]qdf ;'wf/ / cfly{s
nufgL ug{'k5{ .
@= hn ;Dkbfsf] pkof]u
g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] ljzfn
hn;|f]tsf] e/k"/ pkof]u ug{'k5{ .
b]zleqsf] pkef]usf nflu :jR5 /
z'4 lkpg] kfgL tyf o;nfO{
Jofj;foLs/0f ub}{ ljZj ahf/ /
vf;u/L vf8L b]zdf xfd|f] kfgLsf]
a[xt\ Jofkf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . xfd|f
gbLx?df /x]sf] kfgLsf] k|jfxnfO{
hnljB't\ pTkfbgsf] If]qdf pkof]u
ub}{ k|z:t lah'nL pTkfbg u/L
cfGtl/s vktaf6 pla|Psf] lah'nL
ljb]zL ahf/df ljqmL ug{'k5{ . ;fy}
gx/x? lgdf{0f u/L ;'Svf 6f/x?,
kmfF6 / t/fO{ tyf leqL dw];sf
hldgdf l;+rfO ug{'k5{ .
#= s[lifdf cfw'lgsLs/0f
blIf0f sf]l/of, Oh/fon,
kf]r{'un, e'6fg / ef/tn] ckgfPsf]
s[lif gLltn] pgLx¿sf] ;d[l4df 7"nf]
of]ubfg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnn]
l;+rfOsf] Joj:yf u/L cfw'lgs
v]tLkftLsf nflu s[lifsf]
OlG8ogx? lognfO{ ;Qf / zlQmsf]
;+3if{df gbLsf b'O{ lsgf/f agfP/
sf+u|];leqsf] cfGtl/s /fhgLltdf
k|z:t v]Nb} uP . OlG8og /fhb"tsf]
dlGqkl/ifb\ a}7sdf pkl:ylt, g]kfnsf]
pQ/L e"efudf !* OlG8og r]s kf]:6sf]
:yfkgf ;a} sfd Tolt a]n} x'g uP .
o;/L /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf]
jftfj/0f agfP/ /fhfnfO{ ljZjf;df
lnP/ /fhf / OlG8ofsf] lxt ug]{
…P;DofgÚsf] vf]hL eO/Xof] . o:t}df
lqe'jgsf] b]xfj;fg tyf gofF /fhf
dx]Gb|sf] /fHof/f]x0f OlG8og /0fgLltsf
nflu afws aGof] . OlG8ofsf] /0fgLlt
ablnof] clg /fhf / k|hftflGqs
zlQmnfO{ ck|ToIf ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ /
h;nfO{ ;lsG5, p;}nfO{ zlQmaf6
ldNsfpg] /fhgLltsf] k|j]z eof] .
cGttM lj; @)!& k';sf] /fhgLlts
b'3{6gf eof] / g]kfnnfO{ ;+s6df
k'¥ofof] . of] v]n /fhf, k|hftGqjfbL
/ g]kfnL;Fu cfGtl/s ?kdf OlG8ofn]
v]nL g} /Xof] / g]kfn :6fOs/ uf]6L
alg/Xof] .
zlQm k|fKt k"j{ g} a]d]nsf] /fhgLlt
/fhgLlts bz{g / d"NodfGotf
km/s x'gfn] ;Qf / zlQm k|flKtsf
nflu ljutdf sf+u|]; / sDo'lg:6
zlQmx? Psh'6 x'g ;s]gg\ . g]kfndf
/fhfsf] zf;g k~rfotL Joj:yf oxL
a]d]nsf] hudf l6s]sf] lyof] . o;y{
oL b'j} zlQmnfO{ s'g} klg cy{df
Psh'6 x'g glbg] cfGtl/s /0fgLlt
g]kfnsf] /fhb/af/n] clVtof/ ug{'
c:jfefljs lyPg . /fhb/af/n]
sf+u|];nfO{ ef/td'vL / sDo'lg:6x?nfO{
?;, rLgd'vL x'g\ eGg] k|rf/ u/fpg
;kmn eof] . lj; @)!& b]lv @)$^
;fn r}q @^ ;Dd g]kfnsf] zf;sLo
k4lt, /fhgLlts zlQm ;+3if{,
P]ltxfl;s, ;fdflhs, cfly{s, z}lIfs,
/fhgLlts pknlAwx? s] s:tf xfl;n
eP < ;a} ljifo v'nf g} 5g\ .
o; cjlwdf g]kfnL ;dfhdf
/fhgLlts r]tgf j[l4sf ;antf,
ljkmntf / /fli6"o :jfeLdfgsf]
kIfx?l;t w]/} hfgsf/ 5f}F / n's]sf
tYox? klg ;dofg';f/ v'Ng] qmddf
/x]sf 5g\ . lj;+ @)$& ;fnkl5
g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]skfsf g]tfx?n]
cfk;L ;+3if{df /fhb/af/, OlG8of
tyf cGo b]zsf zlQmnfO{ cfdGq0f
ug]{ jftfj/0f s;/L agfP < ;+j}wflgs
/fhtGq s;/L lj:yflkt x'g k'Uof] /
k"0f{ u0ftGqdf k|j]z ul/of] < ;a}
36gf ljlbt} 5 . s'g} ljifodf km/s
kf6L{x?;Fu ldn]/ /fi6"jfbL aGg] bnx?
kf6L{sf cfGtl/s ;d:of / rf;f]df
w]/} ljjflbt x'g' / clxn]sf] b'O{ltxfO
lgs6sf] g]skfsf] ;/sf/ ;+s6sf]
38Ldf k'Ug'n] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts a]d]n
l;4fGt / bz{geGbf klg kbLo
b'?kof]uk|ltsf] cfsif{0f xf] eGg
;lsG5 . ;Qf / zlQmsf] ;+3if{
rn]kl5 /fhgLlt xf]Og …ck/fwÚ x'G5 .
clxn] oxL eO/x]sf] 5 .
ef/tLo ;xof]usf …;fO8Okm]S6Ú
g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s /fhgLltdf
k|hftflGqs k4lt :yfkgf tyf zf;g
l6sfpg dfgjLo ;xof]u g]t[Tjn] ;w}F
OlG8of;Fu lnPsf] b]lvG5 . t/,
OlG8ofn] g]kfn;u ;w}F gfkmf gf]S;fgsf]
Jojxf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL
lx+;fTds ljb|f]xsf a]nf g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ / tTsfnLg ;+;ßf /x]sf
;ft bnnfO{ u0ftGq :yfkgf ug]{
;t{df @)^@ df lbNnLdf u/fPsf]
;xdlt / To;kl5sf] /fhgLltdf
vf]lhPsf] OlG8ofsf] e"ldsfn] g]kfnsf]
;fj{ef}d ;Qf vt/fdf kb}{ uPsf]
cg'ej x'G5 . o;y{ ;a} cfGtl/s
ljjfb / ;+3if{nfO{ ;a} /fhgLlts
kf6L{x?n] ;'ema'emsf ;fy ;'NemfP/
OlG8ofsf] 5q5fofaf6 g]kfn d'Qm
ug]{ / s'g} ljb]zLsf] x:tIf]k :jLsf/
gug]{ af6f] lng'k5{ .
lgrf]8
g]kfn ljZjsf] e"uf]n jf
hg;+Vofsf cfwf/df ;fgf] d'n's
xf]Og . ;fwf/0f vr{ w]/}, ljnfl;tfk|lt
df]x, /fHosf] cfly{s, z}lIfs gLltsf]
cefj tyf /fhgLlts Pj+ k|zf;lgs
;+/rgfdf cgfjZos vr{df /fHosf]ifsf]
nufgL d"n ;d:of x'g\ . b]zleq
/f]huf/Lsf] cefj, /f]hL/f]6Lsf nflu
ljb]zsf uNnL rxfg{'kg]{ / ckdfghgs
hLjg afFRg'kg]{ cj:yfdf /fhgLlt
klg ;an / lbuf] x'g ;Sb}g .
t;y{ ljutsf ;a} ;an, b'a{n
kIfsf] ;dLIff u/L b]zsf] cfly{s
;DkGgtfsf of]hgf / :jb]zleq}
cfo cfh{g / hLjg:t/ ;d'Ggt
vf]Ng] af6f]n] dfq :jfeLdfgL
/fhgLltsf] k|f/De x'g]5 . o;sf
nflu cgfjZos ;+/rgf / vr{
36fpg /fhgLlts g]t[Tj tof/
x'g'kb{5 . afx|v/Laf6
g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf; / ;d[l4
xl/af]n e08f/L
cfw'lgsLs/0f u/L pAhgL a9fpg'
k5{ . dflg;x? v]tLkftL ug{ grfx]/
/ ghfg]/ ljb]z uPsf xf]Ogg\ .
pgLx? t v]tLkftLaf6 k|fKt pAhgLn]
kl/jf/ wfGg g;s]/ uPsf x'g\ .
sf]/f]gfsf] sx/kl5 :jb]z kms{g]sf]
;+Vof nfvf}+ x'g]5 . ljb]zsf]
/f]huf/Ldf /xFbf pgLx?n] ToxfF
l;s]sf] s[lif;DaGwL 1fg, ;Lk /
IfdtfnfO{ g]kfnn] ;b'kof]u ug{
;Sg'k5{ . cfw'lgs s[lifnfO{ k|f]T;fxg
ubf{ cuf{lgs pTkfbgdf hf]8
lbg'k5{ . b]zsf ljleGg efudf
pTkfbg x'g] s[lif pkhsf] cfGtl/s
vkt a9fpg'sf ;fy} ljb]zdf 7"nf
ahf/df lgof{t u/]/ ljb]zL d'b|f
cfh{g ug{'k5{ .
$= ko{6g k|j4{gdf k|fyldstf
;jf]{Rr lzv/ ;/udfyf / cGo
ljzfn lxd z[+vnfsf] cf/f]x0f,
hnljxf/sf nflu pko'Qm gbLx?,
wfld{s Pj+ k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf]
cjnf]sgsf nflu g]kfn cfbz{
uGtJo xf] eGg] b'lgofFnfO{ a'emfpg
;Sg'k5{ . cfGtl/s / ljb]zL
ko{6ssf] cfjfudgn] vfgkfg, jf;
tyf lj>fdsf] Joj:yf, 3'dlkm/ /
cjnf]sgsf nflu ;xof]uL, /fd|f
/]:6'/fF tyf ef]hg u[xx?, 7"nf tf/]
/ ;fgf xf]6nsf] Joj;foaf6 l;+uf]
ko{6g Joj;fo km:6fpg]5 . ljb]zL
d'b|f cfh{gsf] d'Vo ;|f]t g} xf] xfd|f]
ko{6g If]q . ;fy} /f]huf/L ;[hgf
eP/ b]zdf /f]huf/Lsf] j[l4;Fu}
JolQmsf] qmozlQm a9\g]5 .
%= ;fgf 3/]n' pBf]u / x:tsnf
ko{6ssf] afSnf] cfjfudg x'g]
yfn]df ;fgf 3/]n' pBf]usf pTkfbg
/ x:tsnfsf ;fdfu|L ;+;f/e/ lgof{t
k7fpg ;lsG5 . g]kfnsf 3/]n'
rngrNtL]sf sltko ;fdfg 3/
;hfj6sf pQd ;fdu|L dflgG5g\ .
o:tf j:t'sf] lgdf{0f / lgof{t klg
ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{gsf] d'Vo ;|f]t
x'g;S5 .
^= h8La'6L / lxd ;Dkbfsf] ;b'kof]u
g]kfnsf] kj{tLo / lxdfnL If]qdf
kfOg] h8La'6L / lxd ;Dkbfsf]
;b'kof]u o; qmddf ckgfpg ;lsg]
csf]{ pkfo xf] . xfd|f h8La'6L ljleGg
/f]usf] pkrf/df pkof]uL cf}iflw
dflgG5g\ .
rf}F/LufO{sf] b'waf6 ag]sf] 5'kL{
g]kfn / ljZj ahf/df k|Voft 5 .
o;sf] cfw'lgs Jofj;foLs/0f sf
nflu nufgLsf ;fy} r/gx?sf]
Joj:yfkg, :jR5 uf]7x?sf] lgdf{0f
/ k|zf]wgsf lglDt cTofw'lgs
d]l;gx? pknAw x'g h?/L 5 .
lxdfnL If]qdf kfOg] of;f{u'Dafsf]
dfu cToGt w]/} 5 . uDeL/ /f]u;d]t
o;sf] lgoldt ;]jgaf6 /f]u k|lt/f]wL
Ifdtf a9]/ lgsf] x'g] ljZjf; ul/G5 .
o:tf cd"No j:t'sf] k|of]u / lgof{tn]
g]kfnsf] cy{tGq alnof] agfpg ;xofu
k'Ug]5 . afx|v/Laf6

t];|f] kftf]
v/fa hLjgz}nLn] of}g hLjg k|efljt
Psflt/ bf}8w'k, tgfj, wk]8L, cg]s
cfs+Iff csf]{lt/ P]z–cf/d, ;'ljwf,
dlb/fkfg, kmf:6km'8 ;]jg . cfw'lgstfsf]
gfddf ckgfOPsf] o:t} hLjgz}nLn]
clxn] w]/} s'/fnfO{ c:tJo:t agfPsf]
5 . To;dWo] Ps xf], bDktLaLrsf]
of}g hLjg klg .
/ftL ca]/;Dd a:g] k|j[lQ, df]afOn
h:tf Uofh]6\;sf] a9\bf] k|of]un] klg
bDktLsf] /fqL hLjg ljyf]Nb}5 . cfw'lgs
;'v–;'ljwf / pks/0fx?sf] k|of]u hlt
lta|tfsf] ;fy a9\b}5, Tolt g} dflg;df
Psf]xf]/f]kg, tgfj, df]6f]kg, pRr /Qmrfk,
dfOu|]g, dw'd]x / Åbo /f]u h:tf
dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s /f]ux? klg a9\b}
uPsf] 5 .
cfw'lgs hLjgz}nLn] dflg;sf]
:jf:Yodf c;/ kfg{'sf] ;fy} o;n] k|hgg
Ifdtfdf klg gsf/fTds ?kdf k|efljt
kf/]sf] x'G5 . a]nfotdf ePsf] Ps cWoog
cg';f/ %) jif{ cl3 ! ldlnln6/ jLo{df
z'qmf0f'sf] ;+Vof !! s/f]8 #) nfv
lyof] eg] cfh of] 36]/ $ s/f]8 &) nfv
k'u]sf] 5 . z'qmf0f'sf] ;+Vof 36\g'sf ;fy}
o;df kfO{g] u'0fdf klg sdL cfPsf] 5 .
kl/jt{gzLn hLjgz}nLsf] sf/0f
dflg;df k|hgg Ifdtfdf klg sdL cfPsf]
5 . olb k'?ifn] w'dkfg jf cGo gzfn'
kbfy{sf] k|of]udf sd u/]sf] cj:yfdf
jf df]afOnsf] sd k|of]u u/]df z'qmf0f'df
x'g] ;d:ofaf6 d'Qm x'g ;lsg] atfOG5 .
To;f] t cfw'lgstfsf] gfddf
of}gk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f / a'emfO{ klg km/s
x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . ToxL sf/0f ljjfxcl3 g}
of}g ;DaGw :yflkt ug]{ h:tf k|j[lQ
;fdfGo aGb} uPsf] 5 .
c;'/lIft of}g ;DaGwn] dlxnfdf
of}g /f]u h:t} l;kmln;, uf]gf]l/of /
rf}tf/L kqklqsf tyf k':ts s]Gb|
Og?jf –$, vfg]kfgL 6+sL 5]p
a;kfs{, ;'g;/L
lhj/fh bfxfn
(*%@*@@@@@
)@%–%^)$#^
oxfF :s"n, sn]h, af]8L{Ë :s"nsf k':tsx?, z}lIfs ;fdfu|L ;fy}
v]ns'b tyf :6]zg/Lsf] ;fdfgx? ;'ky d"Nodf kfO{G5 .
k'?ifdf PrcfO{eL P8\; h:tf uDeL/
/f]u nfUg] vt/f klg a9\b} uPsf] 5 .
olb dlxnfnfO{ o:tf s'g} klg of}g
nfu]sf] v08df kl5 ue{ 6'lxg] h:tf
;d:of pTkGg x'g ;S5 .
w'dkfg / dBkfgsf] k|of]un] klg
of}g hLjgdf k|efj kfg]{ u/]sf] 5 .
w'dkfg ug]{ k'?ifdf z'qmf0f'sf] ;+Vof /
To;sf] ultlzntfdf klg sdL cfpF5 .
w'dkfg ug]{ dlxnfdf /hf]lgj[lQ x'g] ;Defjgf
x'G5 h;n] O:6"f]hgsf] :t/ 36\5 / dfl;s
wd{;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:of pTkGg x'G5 .
Jo:t hLjgz}nLn] ubf{ dflg;df
zf/Ll/s Jofofd ug]{ km';{b kfpFb}g .
zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s tgfjaf6 d'Qm x'gsf]
nflu slDtdf klg ljxfgsf] ;dodf !
306f zf/Ll/s Jofofd ug{' k5{ . o;n]
dflg;sf] l8k|];g, kfrg k|0ffnL, dw'd]x
/ pRr /Qmrfk h:tf ;d:ofaf6 d'Qm
x'g ;lsG5 . t/ clxn]sf] hLjgz}nLn]
cN5Lkgf pTkGg u/]sf] 5 . zf/Ll/s
Jofofdsf] cefjn] klg of}g hLjgdf
k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 .
ljxfg cf]5\ofgaf6 p7\g] ljlQs} lrof
lkpg'kg]{ / sfdwGbfsf] nflu bf}l8xfNg]
jfgLn] ubf{ klg :jf:Yodf k|efljt kf/]sf]
x'G5 . z/L/sf] nflu cfjZos kf}li6s
tTjsf] cefjn] dw'd]x, SofG;/, df]6f]kg
h:tf] /f]u lgDTofpg] ub{5 . kf}li6s
tTjsf] cefjn] k|lt/f]ws Ifdtf / z/L/sf]
phf{ klg sdL b]vfpF5 . :j:y kf}li6s
cfxf/ / /fd|f] lgGb|fn] dflg;df /f]u;Fu
n8\g] Ifdtfdf j[l4 ub{5 .
kl/jt{glzn hLjgz}nLsf] sf/0f of}g
h:tf] dxTjk"0f{ s'/f g/fd|/L k|efljt x'Fb}5 .
lbge/sf] bf}8w'k / tgfjn] bDktLaLr
of}g cfsif{0f g} 36\b} uPsf] kfOG5 .
cgnfO{gvj/af6
la/f6 8fO{Ugf]li6s P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/
c:ktfn /f]8, Og?jf -;'g;/L_
8f= lbk/fh clwsf/L
MBBS, MD,FIPM (Pediatrics)
-gjhft lzz' tyf afn/f]u ljz]if1_
8f= lgi0fftf sf]O/fnf
MBBS, MS (General Surgeon)
-kfoN;, xlg{of, lkm:6'nf, d[uf}nf lkQy}nLsf] kTy/L, z/L/sf]
uf7fu'7L, :tgdf ufF7fu'7Lsf] pkrf/ ljz]if1 _
k|To]s z'qmaf/, zlgaf/, cfOtaf/
;Dks{M–)@%–%^)&$), (*%@)$*%)@, (*!%#%&!@%
@)&& ebf} ! ;f]daf/
ljljwdfnf
d]if -r', r], rf], nf, ln, n', n], nf], c_
cfltYok"0f{ ;Ddfg kfOPnf . gjLg /f]huf/Lsf] ;Defjgf 5 . gofF
s'/f hfGg] l;Sg] ;f]r cfpg] 5 . k|lt:kwL{x¿dfly ljho k|fKt x'g]
5 . af}l4s If]qdf ;kmntf ldNg]5 .
a[if -O, p, P, cf], af, la, a', a], af]_
lbuf] kmfObf x'g] sfd ;'? x'g ;S5 . gofF sfdsf] nflu gofF cj;/
cfpg]5 . gofF sfdsf ;|f]t km]nf knf{g . dgdf ;lårf/ cfpgfn]
pT;fxhgs ;do /xg]5 . dfg–;Ddfg klg kfOg]5 .
ldy'g -sf, ls, s', 3, ª, 5, s], sf], x_
dg gk/L gk/L afWotfsf sfddf h'6\g'knf{, /f]un] klg ;tfpg
;S5 . vfgfdf ;r]t /xg' kg]{ lbg 5 . w]/} af]Ng] afgLn] b'Mv
kfOPnf xf]; k'¥ofpg' xf]nf . wgsf] gfz klg xf]nf .
ss{6 -lx, x', x], xf], 8f, l8, 8', 8], 8f]_
k|]dsf] k|;+u ;'vb /xnf . /fd|f u|xsf] k|efjn] dgdf hf];, hfFu/, pT;fx
/ pd+u b]vfkg]{ 5 . sfddf c?sf] ;dy{g kfOg] 5 . cfkm' eGbf 7'nf
dfG5]sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ rNg' xf]nf, ;dy{g ug]{ k|z:t kfOPnfg .
l;+x -df, ld, d', d], df], 6f, l6, 6', 6]_
k|oTg ubf{ nIodf k'Ug ;lsg] ;do 5 . k|of;nfO{ hf/L /fVg' xf]nf .
?k}of k};f cfh{g x'g] of]u k/]sf] 5 . ul//fVg' ePsf] sfdaf6
kmfObf x'g] ;do cfPsf] b]lvG5, wg sdfpg] of]u 5 .
sGof -6f], k, lk, k', if, 0f, 7, k], kf]_
Jofj;flos sfddf klg ljleGg ;d:of cfpg ;S5g\ . 6f9fsf]
ofqfsf] of]u 5 . g;f]rf]sf] :yfgaf6 wg cfh{g x'g]5 . ;jf/L
;fwg pkof]u ubf{ cln ;fjwfgL ckgfpg'kg]{ ;do 5 .
t'nf -/, l/, ?, /], /f], tf, lt, t', t]_
;dosf] ultnfO{ k5\ofpg g;Sbf cln b'Mv kfOPnf . vfglkgdf
;hs /xg' xf]nf . ef}lts ;fwg lau|gfn] nIo k|fKt ug{
g;lsPnf . vr{ w]/} g} a9\g] 5 .
a[lZrs -tf], gf, lg, g', g], gf], of, lo, o'_
u|xsf] ;xof]un] cfhsf] lbg k|of; u/] sfddf nfe ldNg]5 . sfddf
sl7gfO ;xg' kg]{5 . d]xgtn] k|lt:kwf{sf] bf}8 lhtfpg ;S5 .
k|oTg u/]sf] sfd klg 5f]6} ;dodf k"/f x'g]5 .
wg' -o], of], e, le, e', w, kmf, 9, e]_
efUof]bosf] ;do /x]sf] 5 . c?n] u/]sf] sdsf] d'Nof+sg ug{'kg]{
5 . cfo ;Gtf]if hgs /xg]5 . cfh w}o{wf/0f u/L kl/>d ug]{ lbg
xf] . k|z+;sx¿ klg a9\g]5g\ .
ds/ -ef], h, lh, lv, v', v], vf], uf, lu_
st}af6 cfly{s nfe x'g] ;do 5 rgfvf] eg] /xg' xf]nf . sfdx?
klg ;lhn} ;+u aGg] 5g . s]lx cw'/f] sfd ;DkGg x'g] vfnsf] lbg
/x]5 . cfly{s nfe klg xf]nf .
s'De -u', u], uf], ;f, l;, ;', ;], ;f], b_
;xof]usf] cfzf b]vfpg]x¿af6} wf]sf kfOPnf, c?sf] sfddf dfq
e/ gkg'{ xf]nf . xftxltof/af6 hf]lug' kg]{ lbg /x]sf] 5 . s]xL
ljjfb tyf ;d]t kl/g] of]u 5 ;fjwfg /xg' xf]nf .
dLg -lb, b', y, em, `, b], bf], r, lr_
kl/l:ylt ;Fu s]xL ;Demf}tf ug{'kg] 5 . hlu/sf qmddf ;d:of cfpg ;S5 .
c?n] cfb/ ug]{5g\ . dfg ;Ddfg ldn] klg dgdf 8/ /xg] 5 . kl/jf/hg;Fu
c;dembf/L a9\g'sf ;fy} dfGohgsf] ;'emfj clk|o nfUg ;S5 .