REVISTA DE INGLES 2

MUSIC
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Index Summary
Chief editor:
Ayelén Abiyah Paredes Andrade.
In collaboration with:
Abner Yael
Eliazid Fabiola
Victor Manuel
Graphic Coordinator:
Ayelén Abiyah
Photography:
Abner Yael
CONTENT
Music history ............................................... 4
Prehistoric Music ........................................ 4
Music in Ancient Rome and Greece .......... 5
Music in the Middle Ages ........................... 6
The Renaissance ......................................... 6
Styles of Music ............................................ 8
Baroque Style .............................................. 8
Classical Style ............................................. 8
Romantic Style ............................................ 9
Music About Legends ............................... 10
Nationalistic Music .................................... 10
Interview with singer Ruth Lorenzo ......... 12
The Best Singers of All Time .................... 13
Editorial:
Musical vision
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Music history
The history of music is the study of the different traditions in
music and their order on the planet. As in all known civilizations
there was some form of musical manifestation, the history of
music encompasses all cultures and eras.The expression "music
history" is often used to refer exclusively to the history of
European music and its evolution in the Western world.The
music of a certain society is closely related to other aspects of
its culture, such as economic organization, technological
development, traditions, religious beliefs, etc.In a broad sense,
music is born with human beings, since according to some
studies it was present long before the migration of the first groups
that left Africa more than 50,000 years ago. Therefore it can be
considered a world cultural manifestation. Music history,
sometimes called historical musicology, is a highly diverse
subfield of the broader discipline of musicology that studies music from a historical point of view. In theory, "music
history" could refer to the study of the history of any type or genre of music (e.g., the history of Indian music or
the history of rock). In practice, these research topics are often categorized as part
of ethnomusicology or cultural studies, whether or not they are ethnographically based. The terms "music
history" and "historical musicology" usually refer to the history of the notated music of Western elites, sometimes
called "art music" (by analogy to art history, which tends to focus on elite art).The methods of music history
include source studies (esp. manuscript studies), paleography, philology (especially textual criticism), style
criticism, historiography (the choice of historical method), musical analysis, and iconography. The application of
musical analysis to further these goals is often a part of music history, though pure analysis or the development
of new tools of music analysis is more likely to be seen in the field of music theory. Some of the intellectual
products of music historians include peer-reviewed articles in journals, university press-published music history
books, university textbooks, new editions of musical works, biographies of composers and other musicians,
studies of the relationship between words and music.
Prehistoric Music
The earliest forms of music were probably drum-based,
percussion instruments being the most readily available at the
time (i.e. rocks, sticks). These simplest of simple instruments
are thought to have been used in religious ceremonies as
representations of animals. There was no notation or writing
of this kind of "music" and its sounds can only be extrapolated from the music of (South) American Indians and
African natives who still adhere to some of the ancient religious practices.As for the more advanced instruments,
their evolution was slow and steady. It is known that by 4000 BCE the Egyptians had created harps and flutes,
and by 3500 BCE lyres and double-reeded clarinets had been developed. In Denmark, by 2500 BCE an early
form of the trumpet had been developed. This trumpet is what is now known as a "natural trumpet." It is valveless,
and depends completely on manipulation of the lips to change pitch. One of the most popular instruments today
was created in 1500 BCE by the Hittites. I am talking about the guitar. This was a great step; the use of frets to
change the pitch of a vibrating string would lead to later instruments such as the violin and harpsichord. In 800
BCE the first recovered piece of recorded music was found. It was written in cuneiform and was a religious hymn.
It should be noted that cuneiform is not a type of musical notation. By 700 BCE there are records of songs that
include vocals with instrumentals. This added a whole new dimension to music: accompaniment.
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Music in Ancient Rome and Greece
Greece was the root of all Classical art, so it's no coincidence that
Classical music is rooted in Grecian innovations. In 600 BCE, famed
mathematician Pythagorus dissected music as a science and developed
the keystone of modern music: the octave scale. The importance of this
event is obvious. Music was a passion of the Greeks. With their surplus
of leisure time (thanks to slave labor) they were able to cultivate great
artistic skills. Trumpet competitions were common spe ctator events in
Greece by 400 BCE. It was in Greece that the first bricks in music theory's foundation were layed. Aristotle wrote
on music theory scientifically, and brought about a method of notation in 350 BCE. The work of that genius is
still studied today.The next significant step in music's evolution was by Boethius. In 521 CE he brought the Greek
system of notation to Western Europe, allowing the musicians there to scribe accurately the folk songs of their
lands. Incidentally, it was Boethius who first wrote on the idea of the opera.
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Music in the Middle Ages
Most of the music created after Rome fell was commissioned by
the church. The Catholic religion has a long history of involvement
(for better or worse) with the musical arts. In 600 CE Pope Gregory
had the Schola Cantarum built. This was the first music school in
Europe. Meanwhile in China, music was progressing also: it was
reported that in 612 CE there were orchestras with hundreds of
musicians performing for the assorted dynasties. Although the
specific music from this period in China is unknown, the distinct
style supposed to have developed there is reflected even in recent
orchestral Asiatic pieces. In 650 CE a new system of writing music
was developed using "neumes" as a notation for groups of notes
in music. 144 years after the Schola Cantarum was built, a singing
school opened in the Monastery of Fuda, fueling the interest in musical vocation. And by 790 CE, there were
splinters of the Schola Cantarum in Paris, Cologne and Metz. In 800 CE the great unifier Charlemagne had
poems and psalms set to music. In 850 CE Catholic musicians had a breakthrough by inventing the church
"modes." These modes would later metamorphose into today's major and minor scales. In 855 CE, the first
polyphonic (2 unrelated melodies/voices at once) piece was recorded, and by 1056 this polyphonic style replaced
Gregorian chants as the music of choice (even after the Church made polyphonic music "illegal"; this ban was
later lifted). In 980 CE, the great tome Antiphononium Codex Montpellier was scribed. In 1000 CE Guido
D'Arezzo made many improvements in music theory. He first improved and reworked standard notation to be
more user-friendly by adding time signatures. Then he invented solfege. This is the vocal note scale: do, re, mi,
fa, so, la ,ti, do. This innovation has affected almost every modern vocalist. In 1100 CE, a new secular movement
began. This separation of Church from music was a straddling one, and soon this new "folk" music was looked
down upon as pagan and borderline blasphemous.
The Renaissance
On the dawn of the Renaissance in 1465 the printing press was first used to
print music. By using a press a composer could organize his pieces and profit
from them with great ease. In 1490 Boethius's writings on opera were
republished in Italian. With the onset of the Renaissance, the rules of music
were about to change drastically. This was the beginning of a new
enlightened age that would showcase some of the greatest musical minds
ever produced. The history of music at this point is best told by the styles that
emerged and the composers who lived after the Renaissance.
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Styles of Music
Baroque Style
For its time, Baroque was crazy and uninhibited. The music of this
period is emotional and filled with little frills and decorations that
shocked and amazed its listeners. Baroque was often fast paced
with great and quick use of scales and violent changes in volume
and melody. Today you might not think of it as an exciting type of
music, but if you compare it to the Classical style you can tell
immediately that baroque did have more action in its pieces. Some
say the greatest composer of all time wrote in this period: Johann
Bach.
Classical Style
We wish we could have found this on our own, but a
book we researched with (Classical Music for
Everybody) had the perfect quote to explain what
music of the Classical style was like, and we'd like to
reprint that here:
“... there is music wherever there is harmony, order or
proportion.”
—Sir Thomas Bown
Ancient Greek art and culture had always been loved
and emulated by European artists. This is especially
evident in the Classical style (hence the name). The
mathematical approach to music of Pythagorus and Aristotle took precedence in this period. It was the aim of
Classical composers to achieve "perfect" music. That is, music that was completely perfect from a technical
standpoint. This restriction led to very conservative music, strong but not really emotional. This is how most of
Classical style music went and how the composers composed it (with the notable exception of Beethoven). Don't
get the wrong idea about this; the music Mozart gave us is beautiful and moving, and he was a born and bred
Classical composer. Conservative does not mean boring. There are many notable examples of the Classical
style, including the musical stereotype that is Beethoven's 5th symphony.
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Romantic Style
This was a stark reversal of the Classical style of music;
Romantic music was chock full of emotions and had no
concern for Classical rules. It is said that Beethoven was
almost singly responsible for the transition from Classical
style to Romantic. Beethoven bridged the gap by infusing
his later works with much emotion, and yet keeping within
the Classical bounds. Soon the emotion overran the
Classical bounds and Romanticism was born. There are
many great composers of this era, including Carl Maria von
Weber, Fredric Chopin, Hector Berlioz, and Johannes
Brahms. Romantic music created two smaller movements
in music: music about legends, and nationalistic music.
Music About Legends
Storytelling was and is the prime directive of many musicians. Music has always been a
medium for portraying legends and myths. In Romantic music this is no different. There
have been many compositions telling the story of heroes (like King Arthur) and demons
(especially M ephistopheles). This is just the logical outgrowth of the folk singers and
wandering minstrels who had performed since the time of Beowulf. Wagner wrote many
pieces on the basis of a story or myth. His famous "Ride of the Valkyries" is a great
example.
Nationalistic Music
Nationalism had been a growing craze after Napoleon's fall and
Germany's unification, and this nationalism which led to World
War I also led to some of the most inspiring music out there.
Composers like Bedrich Smetana and Jan Sibelius wrote
beautiful music to praise their homelands. In fact, Jan Sibelius
is considered a national hero for the Finnish people. But if there
was to be an epitome of nationalistic music it would be Peter
Tchaikovsky, whose music about Russia defined a country's
composing style for almost a century.
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Interview with singer Ruth Lorenzo
First of all thank you very much for giving so freely of this
interview, few singers do this...
Thank you.
¿Well let's start, would you settle for your fame in the United
Kingdom, Spain, Ireland and want to be more ambitious and
know you a lot more people from other countries?
"I do not call it greed, esque as I'd like my music reach more
people, but I'm super happy with everything that is happening.
¿This is a question that all your fans want to know when does
this album out as expected?
You are the first to konow, is delayed because there will be
change in the project, but not much, just a few months so it will calm..
¿What will the album sound?
Rock, guitars and guitars and more guitars (laughs)
¿We have heard your song "let me be brave" you composed for "brave" Four are you going to write all the songs or
some songs that you have sent singers like Bon Jovi as they say?
She sent me songs but not many famous people have chosen the items to have sent them to me, I chose songs I really
like, but most are made by me if not all, there are only two that do not compose myself.
In Spain are acknowledged but not as much as in the UK, how does fame? Se te nota que no se te ha subido a la cabeza
como les pasa a muchos. You will notice that you were not gone to his head as happens to many.
I love going to Spain, go to the beach quietly exit murcia because I can go quiet and get on very well.
¿Fame in a gala dance you see that Benji's girlfriend, teacher at the school dance and knew him in the X Factor tour Was
it love at first sight or had blamed the dances?
I am not Benji or girlfriend was, but we I'm super happy with it, is very nice and we are very, what the kiss was a surprise
to me and I was not expecting.
The 'My Gypsy "is what I teach in a taxi singing a Spanish song that eventually learned to the driver (laughs)
¿If you make a tour with your first album did you pack in the corps de ballet?
Had to be my choreographer but for my style of music is going to be complicated.
"Now we know a little more to Ruth Lorenzo as a person: Tell me a place, a meal, a drink and a phrase you like.
Location: Cabo de Palos (Murcia), Food: Thai, Drink: wáter, Phrase: total jumera!
Apart from singing, do you have a hobby?
I love extreme sports. watch tv watch movies
Well thank you very much for the interview and see you soon
no thanks to you and see you soon greetings to all my fans
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The Best Singers of All Time
Who are the best singers of all time? That's a tough question to ask. This
list includes many of the greatest, most famous vocalists ever, from all
genres of music. From the old guard to new legends in the making, these
talented singers are among the most popular in the world thanks to their
commanding live performance and powerful singing voices. Whether it's
the incomparable, late, great Whitney Houston with her extraordinary pop
and R&B tones or rock icons like Freddie Mercury from Queen, Jim
Morrison from The Doors or John Lennon and/or Paul McCartney from The
Beatles, this list spans decades of incredible musicians. Putting together
the top singers in music history is a tall order. Everyone has an opinion.
Some might lean more toward rock vocalists as their personal favorite
(think Ann Wilson, Stevie Nicks and Mick Jagger), while others might prefer
excellent pop or R&B vocalists like the late Michael Jackson, Ray Charles,
or even Stevie Wonder, James Brown or Aretha Franklin.
Freddie Mercury (born Farrokh Bulsara; 5
September 1946 – 24 November 1991) was a
British singer, songwriter, record producer,
and lead vocalist of the rock band Queen.
Regarded as one of the greatest lead singers
in the history of rock music, he was known for
his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave
vocal range. Mercury defied the conventions
of a rock frontman, with his highly theatrical style influencing the artistic
direction of Queen.
Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 –
June 25, 2009) was an American singer,
songwriter, and dancer. Dubbed the "King of
Pop", he is regarded as one of the most
significant cultural figures of the 20th century.
Through stage and video performances, he
popularized complicated dance techniques
such as the moonwalk, to which he gave the
name. His sound and style have influenced artists of various genres, and
his contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized
personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four
decades. Jackson is the most awarded artist in the history of popular
music.
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Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 – February 11, 2012) was an American singer and
actress. She was certified as the most awarded female artist of all time by Guinness World
Records and is one of the best-selling recording artists of all time, with sales of over 200 million
records worldwide. Houston released seven studio albums and two soundtrack albums, all of
which have been certified diamond, multi-platinum, platinum, or gold by the Recording
Industry Association of America (RIAA). Her crossover appeal on the popular music charts as
well as her prominence on MTV influenced several African-American female artists.
John Winston Ono Lennon (born John Winston Lennon, 9 October 1940 – 8 December 1980)
was an English singer, songwriter, and peace activist who gained worldwide fame as the
founder, co-lead vocalist, and rhythm guitarist of the Beatles. His songwriting partnership with
Paul McCartney remains the most successful in musical history. In 1969, he started the Plastic
Ono Band with his second wife, Yoko Ono. After the Beatles disbanded in 1970, Lennon
continued as a solo artist and as Ono's collaborator.
Aretha Louise Franklin (March 25, 1942 – August 16, 2018) was an American singer, songwriter,
actress, pianist, and civil rights activist. Franklin began her career as a child
singing gospel at New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, Michigan, where her father C. L.
Franklin was a minister. At the age of 18, she embarked on a secular-music career as a recording
artist for Columbia Records. While Franklin's career did not immediately flourish, she found
acclaim and commercial success after signing with Atlantic Records in 1966. Hit songs such as
"I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)", "Respect", "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural
Woman", "Chain of Fools", "Think", and "I Say a Little Prayer" propelled her past her musical
peers. By the end of the 1960s, Aretha Franklin had come to be known as the "Queen of Soul".
James Douglas Morrison (December 8, 1943 – July 3, 1971) was an American singer, songwriter
and poet, who served as the lead vocalist of the rock band The Doors. Due to his wild
personality, poetic lyrics, his widely recognized voice, unpredictable and erratic performances,
and the dramatic circumstances surrounding his life and early death, Morrison is regarded by
music critics and fans as one of the most iconic and influential frontmen in rock history. Since
his death, his fame has endured as one of popular culture's most rebellious and oft-displayed
icons, representing the generation gap and youth counterculture
The Method Behind The Music
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I thank the following articles taken from the internet pages as well as their creators.
The Method Behind The Music
(1999-2017)
Benjamin Hollis
https://method-behind-the-music.com/
The Best Singers of All Time
(2020)
Ranker
https://www.ranker.com/
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.
(2020)
https://en.wikipedia.org/
INSIDER
(2020)
https://www.insider.com/
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