The Cordillera Review Volume 1 Issue 2

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THE CORDILLERA REVIEWJourna l of Philippine Culture a nd Socie tyBO ARD O F EDITORSDELFIN TOLENTINO, JR., Editor-in-ChiefRAYMUNDO D. ROVILLOSWILFREDO V. ALANGUIMARIA NELA B. FLORENDOPRISCILLA S. MACANSANTOS, Managing EditorCover: Mannulibao (solibao player) at the begnas ritual hosted by Dap-ayBilig in Sagada, Mountain Province, March 2008. Photograph by RolandRabang.Cordillera Studies CenterUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES BAGUIOUP Drive, 2600 Baguio City, Philippinestelefax: (6374) 442-5794e-mail: csc@upb.edu.ph / cordillerastudies@gmail.comwebsite: www.upb.edu.ph/~cscCopyright (c) 2009 by Cordillera Studies Center, University of thePhilippines BaguioAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without thewritten permission of the Publisher.front pages 1-2.pmd21/27/2010, 2:59 PM
Po licy Inno va tio ns a nd Effe c tive Ma na g e m e nt o f Fo re sts 25Polic y Innova tions a nd Effe c tive Loc a lManagement of Forests in the PhilippineCordillera RegionLORELEI CRISOLOGO MENDOZAUnive rsity o f the Philip p ines Ba g uio1. IntroductionWith the passage of the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act of 1997, 1 thetenurial rights of ancestral domains for indigenous peoples in thePhilippines are now a legal reality (Leonen 1998). While it is necessaryto recognize indigenous peoples’ land rights to achieve sustainableforest management in the Cordillera Region of northern Luzon becauseof the importance of property rights to convey authority and shapeincentives for the management of natural resources, as Meinzen-Dickand Knox (2001, 49) assert, this would not be sufficient. Sincemanagement technologies and practices affecting forests cover a largerspatial scale and a longer time horizon, security of tenure is important.However, collective action is also needed. Forests need to be protectedfrom fire or encroachment, maintained through replanting, andmonitored to prevent over-harvesting. For local users and communitiesto participate in these activities, they must be assured that the benefitswill redound to them and their children, hence the importance of securetenure. But although collective action is reinforced by property rights,more is required. Collective action prospers in an enabling environmentthat in part consists of policies that create legal standing for organizationsat the community level which come into agreements with governmentagencies (see Meinzen-Dick and Knox 2001). The enabling environmentfor collective action will include local government support for usergroups, and decision making processes of national level agencies thatencourage and protect the community’s right to manage naturalresources.This paper tackles some of the issues that have attended the longand winding process through which the Philippine governmentpursued, albeit reluctantly, a policy to decentralize natural resourcemanagement to indigenous cultural communities in pursuit ofsustainable forest management in the Cordillera Region (see Rood andCasambre 1994, Rood 1995, Mendoza and Prill-Brett 2004). These issuesmendoza 25-52.pmd251/27/2010, 2:33 PM
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