THAILAND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2003

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ii The cover photo shows a huge stage poster of the Assembly of the Poor (AOP)’s rally in front of the Government House that says “Assembly of the Poor follows up on the (Government’s) promises”. On the wrist is written “United like sticky rice, together as one for the victory”. The placards mention various problems and issues that AOP have campaigned for or against, e.g. dams, forest-land, alternative agriculture, state’s projects, fake pigs-cows. Photo credit: Friends of the People (FOP) �� Copyright © 2003 United Nations Development Programme Rajdamnern Nok Avenue Bangkok 10200 Thailand Tel: (66-2) 2882130 Fax: (66-2) 2800556 E-mail: registry.th@undp.org Web site: www.undp.or.th ISBN: 974-91116-5-6 THAILAND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2003
His Excellency Thaksin Shinawatra Prime Minister of Thailand It is my pleasure and honour to introduce the second UNDP National Human Development Report of Thailand. At the beginning of the new millennium, all nations are eager to focus on poverty alleviation in its broadest sense, not just from an economic and technical perspective as tended to be the case during most of the 20 th century. UNDP’s focus on “human development” provides an excellent framework for this broader approach and matches well with Thailand’s own “people-centred approach” to development. Globalization has tended to divert attention from this broader perspective, focusing too often exclusively on economic growth and its attendant opportunities. While such employment creation is indispensable to poverty reduction, it is not sufficient in itself. Yes, it provides opportunities but it also threatens traditional values. As a result, local communities feel a compelling need to balance these global forces with greater control over their lives, seeking inner strength through community empowerment. In Thailand, itself engaged in a powerful process of democratization, this dialectic – between the global and the local – has been steadily growing, especially in the past two decades. We understand the need to reconcile these sometimes-conflicting forces, and the deeply felt need of people to assert their own interests and values. We know that values and wisdom of all sorts exist in the Thai community and that these must be harnessed for the greater benefit of our society. The challenge is how best to accomplish this and I believe that this report provides many useful insights. It is clear that community empowerment in Thailand means evolving an entirely new enabling environment for rights and accountability, indeed, a whole new way of thinking. “The challenges of today’s problems, and tomorrow’s cannot be met with yesterday’s solutions, suitable as they may have been to yesterday’s problems.” This kind of development is long-term work to which the Thai government is actively committed, inspired by His Majesty the King’s advice on self-reliance and sufficiency economy. I have no doubt that many organizations will be moved and inspired by this particular Report. I believe it will assist understanding of the issue and create an opportunity for us all to support and promote community empowerment both as a means to, and as an end of human development. FOREWORD FROM THE PRIME MINISTER FOREWORD (Thaksin Shinawatra) Prime Minister of Thailand iii
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Page 7 and 8: Mr. J.K. Robert England Resident Co
Page 9 and 10: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNDP Thailand wish
Page 12 and 13: x Empowerment is both a means and a
Page 14 and 15: xii Thailand’s experience with co
Page 16 and 17: xiv 4: COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AT THE
Page 18 and 19: xvi CONTENTS Institutional Shifts I
Page 20 and 21: xviii CONTENTS PART II: MEASURING H
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Page 24 and 25: 4 Thailand’s Central Plain is nat
Page 26 and 27: 6 Headman Wibun Khemchaloem has bec
Page 28 and 29: 8 to process and preserve agricultu
Page 30 and 31: 10 The bank charges a fee or intere
Page 32 and 33: 12 The Samrong canal links the Song
Page 34 and 35: 14 The idea to clean up the canal c
Page 36 and 37: 16 produced for our own use. We had
Page 38 and 39: Tree ordination - Karen’s belief
Page 40 and 41: 20 The Mun is the biggest river in
Page 42 and 43: 22 We used various methods to win a
Page 44 and 45: 24 The World Commission on Dams 22
Page 46 and 47: 26 strategy to reduce the exposure
Page 48 and 49: This concern with urban growth and
Page 50 and 51: 30 Communities were now subordinate
Page 52 and 53: 32 The second stream of the NGO mov
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34 “... As we are in the “globa
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36 The Constitution enshrines many
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38 potential to serve as another ch
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40 The share of local government’
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The changes over the past decade in
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44 Project proponents still view an
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Our fate is in the hands of both th
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48 COMMUNITY SCHEMES FOR EMPOWERMEN
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50 community activities in a northe
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52 5. communities that have a good
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“Examine the problem and start wi
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56 Not the Document but the Process
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58 million for loans to municipal g
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60 1. Capacity and Learning Develop
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62 The HIV/AIDS pandemic prompted a
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The local communities’ view of th
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66 The rapid deterioration of natur
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68 Our idea of struggle is that far
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Providing funding directly to commu
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72 In the past we were made to thin
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The prospects for community empower
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76 dual roles as provider and nurtu
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The insight that community empowerm
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80 THAILAND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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82 THAILAND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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84 The result is a new composite in
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86 Another Endeavor to Measure Huma
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88 For some indicators, i.e. unempl
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90 1. Bangkok 2. Nakhon Pathom 3. N
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92 Special attention should be give
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94 deserve special attention. It sh
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96 4. Income Index Income represent
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98 It is also interesting to observ
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100 6. Family and Community Life In
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102 and Tak on the western border a
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104 Table 8. Five Best and Worst Pe
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106 Vote turnout (%) Table 9. The F
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108 Location Table 10 (continued) H
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110 Health Education Employment Inc
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112 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) W
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114 Table 12 (continued) HDI rank H
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116 the policy makers and the peopl
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118 THAILAND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPO
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120 GENDER-RELATED DEVELOPMENT INDE
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122 TABLE 1 - BASIC DATA Columns 1-
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124 Column 17 Technical Studies and
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DATA TABLES
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Table 1 Basic Data (Continued) Popu
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Table 1 Basic Data Location Udon Th
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Table 2 Health (Continued) Populati
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Table 2 Health (Continued) Udon Tha
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Table 3 Education (Continued) Udon
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Table 3 Education Quality of educat
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Table 4 Employment (Continued) Empl
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Table 4 Employment Employment 2001
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Table 5 Income (Continued) Househol
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Table 5 Income (Continued) Poverty
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Table 6 Housing and living conditio
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Table 7 Familiy and Community life
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Table 8 Transport and Communication
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Table 9 Participation Udon Thani 1,
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THAILAND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2003

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