PCC JanFeb 2021

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Continued from Page 7 test measures the amount of free lime in a soil (CaCO 3 ), and this is either expressed qualitatively (low, high, etc.) or quantitatively (%). There are a few major bulk calcium amendments that are available to help restore your soil structure: lime, gypsum and sulfur products. Lime Lime (CaCO 3 ) is commonly used in soils that are acidic with soil structural issues and should not be confused with ‘free lime’ that shows up on a soil test report. Lime can provide a calcium source while also neutralizing acidic soil pH. Thus, soil quality can be improved on two separate fronts (soil structure and soil pH) with one program. Calculating the liming rate for a field (lbs/acre) can be tricky since you have to factor in both the amount YOU STICK TO GROWING. WE STICK TO YOUR SOIL. Guaranteed ROI, water efficiency, nut quality, and longer-term viability all with PhycoTerra ® . > 4:1 ROI potential awaits. Visit phycoterra.com/almonds for details. of calcium needed to fix your soil structure problem and the amount needed to adjust the pH. A good soil sample and an experienced CCA can help determine the optimum rate for your field. Gypsum Gypsum (CaSO 4 ) is a calcium amendment when one has low or very low fizz test readings. This is one reason why I recommend that you start your program with a soil test. When gypsum dissolves, it can supply calcium directly to the soil, which improves soil structure and allows excess salts (e.g. sodium) to drain. However, unlike lime and sulfur products, gypsum will have little impact on soil pH and should only be used to provide calcium to help restore soil structure and soil quality. An experienced CCA can help interpret your soil test and provide a reasonable gypsum recommendation (lbs/acre) to fix the issue. Sulfur Products Sulfur products, such as sulfuric acid and elemental sulfur, require the presence of free lime in the soil (CaCO 3 ). As such, soils that have medium to very high fizz test ratings are a great candidate for the use of sulfur products in your chemical reclamation program. Briefly, sulfur products react with the free lime in the soil to create gypsum as a by-product. The calcium in the gypsum is then able to go to work to improve soil structure. One advantage of using sulfur products is that you generally do not need as much material to get the job done as you do with gypsum (1 ton gypsum = 0.57 tons sulfuric acid = 0.19 tons elemental sulfur), which can impact field logistics and application costs. Also, repeated applications of sulfur products can reduce problematic soil pH areas by moving the soil pH from alkaline to neutral. One disadvantage to using sulfur products is that they have several reaction steps that can slow the reclamation speed of the field relative to lime and gypsum. Also, sulfuric acid products present some safety concerns that must be considered from a worker safety and transport level. Like lime and gypsum, an experienced CCA can help interpret your soil test and provide a reasonable recommendation (lbs/acre) to fix the issue. Conclusion Physical and chemical factors can have a profound impact on your overall soil structure and, thus, the soil quality of your field. Generally, poorly structured soils have a difficult time supporting optimized crop growth due to the severe reduction in water storage capacity, low oxygen, surface crusting and seed bed issues, accumulation of salinity, etc. If your soil looks like the example on the left side of Figure 3, it may be well worth your time and money to start implementing soil improvement practices as outlined in this article. You have a variety of management options, including the implementation of practices that improve the physical components of soil quality (e.g. tillage reduction and use of cover crops) or the chemical components such as adding bulk calcium amendments to your program. A bit of detective work beforehand determining why your field is having a soil structure problem can pay off in turning your field around and using 8 Progressive Crop Consultant January/February 2021
your input dollars most effectively. In Part 2 of this article series, we explore the biological components that influence soil structure and soil health. We will define soil health and go through plenty of examples on how the living component of a soil can impact your soil structure and overall soil quality. Furthermore, we will discuss how to test for soil health in the field. Suggested Reading 1. Soil Health Partnership Blog - https://www.soilhealthpartnership. org/shp-blog/ 2. Soil Health Institute Blog - https:// soilhealthinstitute.org/resources/ 3. PhycoTerra® Blog - phycoterra.com/ blog/ Dr. Karl Wyant currently serves as the Vice President of Ag Science at Heliae© Agriculture where he oversees the internal and external PhycoTerra® trials, assists with building regenerative agriculture implementation and oversees agronomy training. Prior to Heliae Agriculture, Dr. Wyant worked as a field agronomist for a major ag retailer serving the California and Arizona growing regions. To learn more about the future of soil health and regenerative agriculture, you can follow his webinar and blog series at PhycoTerra.com. Comments about this article? We want to hear from you. Feel free to email us at article@jcsmarketinginc.com ‘POORLY STRUCTURED SOILS HAVE A DIFFICULT TIME SUPPORTING OPTIMIZED CROP GROWTH DUE TO THE SEVERE REDUCTION IN WATER STORAGE CAPACITY, LOW OXYGEN, SURFACE CRUSTING AND SEED BED ISSUES, ACCUMULATION OF SALINITY, ETC.’ Navel Orangeworm Pheromone Mating Disruption Simple Deployment! ® ISOMATE Mist NOW Opmized Formulaon for 2021! Average NOW / Trap / Season 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Grower Standard ISOMATE Mist NOW Egg Replicated 4x - Chico, CA - 2019 in Traps 46% Reduction - Almond Harvest Pheromone 99% Reduction 7 1 Mist Unit/Acre Use Rate 225+ Days Pheromone Release Average NOW Infested Nuts (%) 6 5 4 3 2 1 75% Reduction 0 Grower Standard ISOMATE® Mist NOW Replicated 4x - Chico, CA - 2019 Jeannine Lowrimore Northern California 209.603.9244 Christeen Abbott-Hearn Central California 559.334.7664 PACIFIC BIOCONTROL CORPORATION www.pacificbiocontrol.com ISOMATE ® is a registered trademark of Pacific Biocontrol January/February 2021 www.progressivecrop.com 9
Page 1: January / February 2021 Managing So
Page 4 and 5: MANAGING SOIL STRUCTURE AND QUALITY
Page 6 and 7: soil structure and soil quality; ho
Page 10 and 11: Botrytis gray mold in trials at the
Page 12 and 13: Continued from Page 11 1. Fruit yie
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Page 16 and 17: ALTERNATIVE NEMATICIDES FOR ROOT-KN
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Page 20 and 21: VINEYARD REVIEW Weather Station use
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PCC JanFeb 2021

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