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OAHU

O

on

‘ahu known as “The Gathering Place”, is the third-largest

of the Hawaiian Islands. It is home to roughly one

million people—about two-thirds of the population of

the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state capital, Honolulu, is

O‘ahu’s southeast coast. Including small associated islands

such as Ford Island and the islands in Kāne‘ohe Bay and off the eastern

(windward) coast, its area is 596.7 square miles (1,545.4 km2), making it the

20th-largest island in the United States.

O‘ahu is 44 miles (71 km) long and 30 miles (48 km) across. Its shoreline

is 227 miles (365 km) long. The island is composed of two separate shield

volcanoes: the Wai‘anae and Ko‘olau Ranges, with a broad “valley” or saddle

(the central O‘ahu Plain) between them. The highest point is Ka‘ala in the

Wai‘anae Range, rising to 4,003 feet (1,220 m) above sea level.


History

The island has been inhabited since at

least 3rd century A.D. The 304-yearold

Kingdom of O‘ahu was once ruled

by the most ancient ali‘i in all of the

Hawaiian Islands. The first great king

of O‘ahu was Ma‘ilikūkahi, the lawmaker,

who was followed by many generation

of monarchs. Kuali‘i was the

first of the warlike kings and so were

his sons. In 1773, the throne fell upon

Kahahana, the son of Elani of Ewa. In

1783, Kahekili II, King of Maui, conquered

O‘ahu and deposed the reigning

family and then made his son, Kalanikūpule,

king of O‘ahu. Kamehameha

the Great would conquer in the mountain

Kalanikūpule’s force in the Battle

of Nu‘uanu. Kamehameha founded the

Kingdom of Hawai‘i with the conquest

of O‘ahu in 1795. Hawai‘i would not

be unified until the islands of Kaua‘i

and Ni‘ihau surrendered under King

Kaumuali‘i in 1810. Kamehameha III

moved his capital from Lāhainā, Maui to

Honolulu, O‘ahu in 1845. ‘Iolani Palace,

built later by other members of the

royal family, is still standing, and is the

only royal palace on American soil.

O‘ahu was apparently the first of the

Hawaiian Islands sighted by the crew of

HMS Resolution on January 19, 1778,

during Captain James Cook’s third Pacific

expedition. Escorted by HMS Discovery,

the expedition was surprised to

find high islands this far north in the

central Pacific. O‘ahu was not actually

visited by Europeans until February

28, 1779, when Captain Charles Clerke

aboard HMS Resolution stepped ashore

at Waimea Bay. Clerke had taken command

of the ship after James Cook was

killed at Kealakekua Bay (island of Hawai‘i)

on February 14, and was leaving

the islands for the North Pacific. With

the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands

came the introduction of disease, mosquitoes,

and aggressive foreign animals.

Although indirect, the simple exposure

to these foreign species caused permanent

damage to the Native Hawaiian

people and environment.

The Imperial Japanese Navy’s attack on

Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu on the morning of

December 7, 1941 brought the United

States into World War II. The surprise

attack was aimed at the Pacific Fleet

of the United States Navy and its defending

Army Air Forces and Marine

Air Forces. The attack damaged or destroyed

twelve American warships, destroyed

188 aircraft, and resulted in the

deaths of 2,335 American servicemen

and 68 civilians (of those, 1,177 were

the result of the destruction of the USS

Arizona alone).

Today, O‘ahu has become a tourism and

shopping haven. Over five million visitors

(mainly from the contiguous United

States and Japan) flock there every

year to enjoy the island.


HANAUMA

H

anauma is a marine embayment

formed within a tuff ring and located

along the southeast coast of

the Island of Oʻahu in the Hawaii

Kai neighborhood of East Honolulu,

in the Hawaiian Islands.

Hanauma is one of the most popular tourist destinations

on the Island and has suffered somewhat from

overuse. At one time, this popular tourist destination

accommodated over three million visitors per year. In

1956, dynamite was used to clear portions of the reef

to make room for telephone cables linking Hawaii to

the west coast of the US.

The word hana means bay in the Hawaiian language

(the usual addition of bay in its name is thus redundant).

There are two etymological interpretations

of the second part of its name. One interpretation

derives it from the Hawaiian word for curve, referring

to either the shape of the feature or to the shape

BAY

of the indigenous canoes that were launched there.

Another stems from the indigenous hand-wrestling

game known as “Uma”.

Hanauma is both a Nature Preserve and a Marine

Life Conservation District (the first of several established

in the State of Hawaiʻi). Reflecting changes

in attitude, its name has changed over time from

Hanauma Bay Beach Park to Hanauma Bay Nature

Preserve. Visitors are required by law to refrain from

mistreating marine animals or from touching, walking,

or otherwise having contact with coral heads,

which appear much like large rocks on the ocean

continued on page 8...


...continued from page 6

floor (here, mostly seaward of the

shallow fringing reef off the beach).

It is always recommended to avoid

contacting coral or marine rocks as

cuts to the skin can result and neglecting

such wounds may bring

medical problems.

About 400 species of fish are known

to inhabit the bay. Hanauma Bay is

known for its abundance of Green sea

turtles, Chelonia mydas, known as

Honu. Hanauma is a nursery ground

for the immature turtles, which have

their nesting grounds at French Frigate

Shoals. It is also known for its

abundance of parrotfish.

Coral bleaching due to global warming

has affected the coral reefs in

Hanauma. In 2014 and 2015, 47% of

the corals at Hanauma Bay Nature

Preserve suffered from coral bleaching,

close to 10% of the corals in the

nature preserve died.

Due to the lack of fresh water in the

vicinity, the area was not inhabited,

although archeologists have found

fishing tools and other indications of

human presence there. The bay was

used as a recreational area by aliʻi

(Hawaiian nobility), including King

Kamehameha and Queen Ka‘ahumanu,

who fished, entertained visitors,

and sponsored games there. It was

also used as a layover and as a navigational

lookout point, since the waters

between Oʻahu and Molokaʻi are

at times difficult.

Hanauma Bay was purchased from

the Bernice Pauahi Bishop estate by

the City and County of Honolulu,

and subsequently opened for public

use. It was initially a favorite fishing

and picnic spot for residents who

were willing to travel out to the bay.

In the 1930s the road along Hanauma

Bay’s corner of Oahu was paved and

a few other amenities provided that

made it easier to visit the beach and

reef. After the 1941 attack on Pearl

Harbor, barbed wire was placed at

the beach and a bunker was constructed

for use by sentries. The Bay

area reopened after the war and became

even more visitor friendly after

blasting in the reef for a transoceanic

cable provided room for swimming.

Hawaii-themed films and television

shows, including Blue Hawaii, Paradise,

Hawaiian Style, Tora! Tora!

Tora!, Hawaii Five-O, and Magnum,

P.I., shot footage at the bay.

In 1967 it was set apart by the State

division of Fish and Game as a Marine

Protected Area, a term used generically

to describe any marine area

that had some or all of its resources

protected. In Hanauma Bay’s case

everything became protected, from

the fish to the reef, to the sand itself.

continued on page 10...

Name:

Created with TheTeachersCorner.net Word Search Maker

Solution

• ALESIA

• BARNES

• COMPASS

• HAWAII

• GROUP

• REALTOR

• BROKER

• BEYOND

• THE

• MIRROR

• OAHU

• LOCO

• MOCO

• DRIVE

• INN

• LINDA

• FULGENZI

• SOUTHWEST

• PACIFIC

• PARTNERS

• RAYMOND

• JAMES

• CATHY

• POSSEDI

• REAL

• ESTATE

• GREG

• STUDT

• FAMILY

• THERESIA

• WOLFF

• FIND

• HOME

• EXP

• PROFESSIONAL

• PICKET

• FENCE

• FLORIST

I T S I R O L F M P Y P G R O U P T F

F M I R R O R X P A S Q W L P K K T Z

T H E R E S I A K R W Q M L C F H J F

L D C H L Y L P P T O S U A O E L T S

I M N X A E N S E N R A B N M N O Q O

I E T O S U E R Q E X D H O P C C P U

A P X I M Z S S F R N N I I A E O D T

W G A A J Y T V M S E A G S S S B G H

A G S C A U A E F U V E A S S P V H W

H N F A M U T R H M I F A E O X J R E

R T L T E E E A K M R G D F W E S D S

R D R H S X O N S O D I T O G M N V T

O U L Y W K Y N Z C X A L R Q O N O D

T T E K C I P X W O L F R P Y H Q M D

L S D I Z N E G L U F E C E L D N I F

A K A C I F I C A P K R B L Y D T H R

E G R E G U Z O Q O Z Z N W Z M G E M

R W K X C M W S R X P C Y L I M A F Y

C A A D N I L B R C O W F R M L D P C

ALESIA BARNES COMPASS

HAWAII GROUP REALTOR

BROKER BEYOND THE

MIRROR OAHU LOCO

MOCO DRIVE INN


SOLUTION ON PAGE 14


...continued from page 8

A volunteer group set up a booth at the

beach and began teaching visitors about

conservation of the reef and fish who

lived there. More changes in the 1970s

by the City cleared more area in the reef

for swimming, made an additional parking

lot, and shipped in white sand from

the North Shore, leaving Hanauma Bay

increasingly more attractive to visitors.

By the late 1980s the bay had become a

major attraction on Oahu. Tourists were

brought in by the busload and sometimes

as many as 13,000 visitors descended on

the beach in one day. Most were uneducated

about the fragile marine ecosystem

and, unwittingly, “these crowds stirred

up sediment, disturbed and trampled

the coral and algae, dropped trash, fed

the fish and left a slick of suntan lotion

on the bay’s surface.” Consequently, the

beautiful multicolored coral reef closest

to the beach died; only its blackened

skeleton is visible today.

By 1990 overuse of the beach and surrounding

area was a real problem, with

visitors walking on the reef, swarming

the surrounding areas, parking on the

grass and on the sides of the road. Commercial

filming was banned during that

year. Measures were taken to limit use

and so visitor access was limited to the

parking lot, and when it was full everyone

after was turned away. In 1997, the

city of Honolulu levied an entrance fee

on non-residents of the state, leading to

a class action lawsuit by a visitor, which

was settled in favor of the city during

2004. Then in August 2002 the Marine

Education Center was opened at the entrance

to the bay, where still today new

visitors must watch a short film and receive

instruction about conservation of

the Bay’s resources. Upon watching the

film, visitors are allowed to sign a form

and skip any subsequent film if they

should return within the following 365

days.

Today Hanauma Bay sees an average of

3000 visitors a day, or around 90000 visitors

a month. The majority are tourists.

The bay is closed to tourists on Tuesdays

in order to allow the fish a day of feeding

without interruption by swimmers.

EXPLORING OAHU

MUST SEE LANDMARKS

1 Iolani Palace

The ʻIolani Palace was the royal residence of the rulers of the Kingdom

of Hawaii beginning with Kamehameha III under the Kamehameha

Dynasty (1845) and ending with Queen Liliʻuokalani (1893) under the

Kalākaua Dynasty, founded by her brother, King David Kalākaua. It is

located in the capitol district of downtown Honolulu in the U.S. state of

Hawaiʻi. It is now a National Historic Landmark listed on the National

Register of Historic Places. After the monarchy was overthrown in 1893,

the building was used as the capitol building for the Provisional Government,

Republic, Territory, and State of Hawaiʻi until 1969. The palace

was restored and opened to the public as a museum in 1978. The ʻIolani

Palace is the only royal palace on US soil.

2 King Kamehameha Statue

The pictured statue stands prominently in

front of Aliʻiolani Hale in Honolulu, Hawaii.

The statue had its origins in 1878 when Walter

M. Gibson, a member of the Hawaiian government

at the time, wanted to commemorate

the 100-year arrival of Captain Cook to the

Hawaiian Islands. The legislature appropriated

$10,000 for the project and made Gibson

the director of the project, which originally included

native Hawaiians but they soon were

off the project and Gibson ran the project by

himself. Gibson contacted Thomas R. Gould, a

Boston sculptor living abroad in Florence, Italy

to create the statue.


3 Aloha Tower

4

Hawaii Maritime

Center

The Aloha Tower is a retired

lighthous e that is considered

one of the landmarks of the

state of Hawaii in the United

States. Opened on September

11, 1926, at a then astronomical

cost of $160,000, the Aloha

Tower is located at Pier 9

of Honolulu Harbor. It has

been, and continues to

be, a guiding beacon welcoming

vessels to the City

and County of Honolulu.

Just as the Statue of Liberty

greeted hundreds of

thousands of immigrants

each year to New York City,

the Aloha Tower greeted

hundreds of thousands of

immigrants to Honolulu.

At 10 stories and 184 feet

(56 m) of height topped

with 40 feet (12 m) of flag

mast, for four decades the

Aloha Tower was the tallest

structure in Hawaii. It

was built in the Hawaiian

Gothic architectural style.

The Hawaii Maritime Center was the principal maritime

museum in the State of Hawaii from 1988

until it closed in 2009. Located at Pier 7 of Honolulu

Harbor east of Aloha Tower, the center was

a campus of the Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop

Museum. The Hawaii Maritime Center was built on

what once was the private boathouse of King David

Kalakaua and was home to the only four-masted,

full-rigged ship in the world called the Falls of

Clyde. The Falls of Clyde was built in 1878 for the

oil industry and is a National Historic Landmark.

Also docked at the Hawaii Maritime Center was the

voyaging canoe Hokulea, a scientific research vessel

of great importance to native Hawaiian culture.

Due to prevailing economic conditions, the Hawai’i

Maritime Center was closed to the public effective

May 1, 2009. In December 2017, the Bishop Museum

transferred its lease between the Maritime

Center and the State of Hawaii to a third party, and

ceased operating the Center. Plans for its future

are unknown.

5

Pearl Harbor

USS Arizona Memorial

The USS Arizona Memorial, at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii,

marks the resting place of 1,102 of the 1,177 sailors and Marines

killed on USS Arizona (BB-39) during the Japanese surprise attack

on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and commemorates the

events of that day. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the island of

Oʻahu led to the United States’ direct involvement in World War II.

The memorial, built in 1962, is visited by more than two million

people annually. Accessible only by boat, it straddles the sunken

hull of the battleship without touching it. Historical information

about the attack, shuttle boats to and from the memorial, and

general visitor services are available at the associated USS Arizona

Memorial Visitor Center, which opened in 1980 and is operated by

the National Park Service. The battleship’s sunken remains were

declared a National Historic Landmark on May 5, 1989.

The USS Arizona Memorial is one of several sites in Hawaii and

elsewhere that are part of the World War II Valor in the Pacific

National Monument.

Design

The national memorial was designed by Honolulu architect

Alfred Preis who was detained at Sand Island at the start of the

war as an enemy of the country because of his Austrian birth. ]

The United States Navy specified the memorial be in the form of

a bridge floating above the ship and accommodating 200 people.

The 184-foot-long structure has two peaks at

each end connected by a sag in the center of the

structure. It represents the height of American pride

before the war, the nation’s sudden depression

after the attack and the rise of American power to

new heights after the war. Critics initially called the

design a “squashed milk carton”

The architecture of the USS Arizona Memorial is

explained by Preis as, “Wherein the structure sags

in the center but stands strong and vigorous at the

ends, expresses initial defeat and ultimate victory

... The overall effect is one of serenity. Overtones of

sadness have been omitted to permit the individual

to contemplate his own personal responses ... his

innermost feelings.”


GOLF

GREAT OAHU COURSES

Hawaii Prince Golf Club

Call To Book Your Tee Time:

808.944.4567

91-1200 Fort Weaver Rd, Ewa Beach, HI 96706

www.hawaiiprincegolf.com

Ko Olina Golf Club

L

ocated on the Ewa Plain of

Oahu, Hawaii Prince Golf Club

offers stunning views of the

Call To Book Your Tee Time:

808.676.5300

92-1220 Ali’inui Dr , Kapolei, HI 96707

www.koolinagolf.com

T

he Ko Olina Golf Club has been

listed in Golf Digest’s “Top 75

Resort Courses in the U.S.” as

well as the “Top 100 Golf Shops” in America.

The course has been the host of the LPGA

Fields Open in Hawaii since 2006 and former

host of Senior PGA and LGPA Hawaiian

Open.

With state-of-the-art facilities that include

a putting green, grass driving range along

with a great short game practice area, you’re

sure to improve your game. The fully stocked

Golf Shop has everything and anything golflike.

Ko Olina Golf Academy

Waianae Mountains. Arnold Palmer and Ed

Seay designed the 27 holes at the club, incorporating

90 sand bunkers and 10 lakes

throughout.

The club offers three nines that are similar

but still maintain their own character. These

nines are played in three different 18-hole

combinations, one of which is C/A. This golf

course is considered the most challenging of

the three with water on 13 holes, sand bunkers,

and prevailing trade winds. There are

also several downhill and uphill lies lurking

throughout. One of the most difficult holes is

the second hole of the C course, a dogleg par-

4 with a lake on the left and several fairway

bunkers on the right. Formerly a sugar cane

field, the golf course has a lush, verdant landscape

with views of the Waianae Mountains.

Holes 18

Length 7117 yards

Type Resort

Slope 132

Par 72

Rating 74.4

For personalized instructions from PGA Professionals,

whether you are a novice or have

been playing for a while and just want to improve

your skills, check out the Ko Olina Golf

Academy.

Holes 18

Type Public/Resort

Par 72

Length 6815 yards

Slope 138

Rating 73.6


Name:

Created with TheTeachersCorner.net Word Search Mak

Solution

• ALESIA

• BARNES

• COMPASS

• HAWAII

• GROUP

• REALTOR

• BROKER

• BEYOND

• THE

• MIRROR

• OAHU

• LOCO

• MOCO

• DRIVE

• INN

• LINDA

• FULGENZI

• SOUTHWEST

• PACIFIC

• PARTNERS

• RAYMOND

• JAMES

• CATHY

• POSSEDI

• REAL

• ESTATE

• GREG

• STUDT

• FAMILY

• THERESIA

• WOLFF

• FIND

• HOME

• EXP

• PROFESSIONAL

• PICKET

• FENCE

• FLORIST

I T S I R O L F M P Y P G R O U P T F

F M I R R O R X P A S Q W L P K K T Z

T H E R E S I A K R W Q M L C F H J F

L D C H L Y L P P T O S U A O E L T S

I M N X A E N S E N R A B N M N O Q O

I E T O S U E R Q E X D H O P C C P U

A P X I M Z S S F R N N I I A E O D T

W G A A J Y T V M S E A G S S S B G H

A G S C A U A E F U V E A S S P V H W

H N F A M U T R H M I F A E O X J R E

R T L T E E E A K M R G D F W E S D S

R D R H S X O N S O D I T O G M N V T

O U L Y W K Y N Z C X A L R Q O N O D

T T E K C I P X W O L F R P Y H Q M D

L S D I Z N E G L U F E C E L D N I F

A K A C I F I C A P K R B L Y D T H R

E G R E G U Z O Q O Z Z N W Z M G E M

R W K X C M W S R X P C Y L I M A F Y

C A A D N I L B R C O W F R M L D P C

ALESIA BARNES COMPASS

HAWAII GROUP REALTOR

BROKER BEYOND THE

MIRROR OAHU LOCO

MOCO DRIVE INN

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