Water & Wastewater Asia November/December 2021

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FOCUS available, many of those issues were “Most of the measuring points are resolved. The instrument contains a located in open watercourses and are newly-developed radar microchip that actually not problematic. We could was optimised for the requirements also have used ultrasonic or pressure of level measurement and, due to sensors,” said Eylenbosch, clarifying its high level of integration, makes it the reasons for the decision. “But the possible to build compact sensors. simple installation of radar sensors The VEGAPULS C 11 measures with via Bluetooth and the high measuring a frequency of 80GHz, which enables accuracy of ±5mm, not to mention good signal focusing. This allows the very reasonable price, tipped the better separation of measurement scales in favour of radar measurement signals from interference signals – technology. The instruments are also measurement is thus “easier and more completely solar powered which All instruments are completely solar powered, so no further maintenance is required Important measuring points are, for example, smaller, non-navigable watercourses, where information is gathered to help mitigate water accurate” than with other measuring methods, such as ultrasonic, VEGA claimed. And the small beam angle of only makes them even easier to operate and maintain. So, the significantly lower energy consumption of the new radar sensors was helpful to us in many respects.” shortages or predict floods. Such 8-inch is ideal for the application, as measured values form the basis for Eylenbosch noted: “Some channels Another advantage Eylenbosch pointed taking more far-reaching decisions, for are very small. Thanks to the narrow out was that VEGAPULS C 11 is able to example to introduce local or regional measuring beam, we can mount the fit into a small stainless-steel housing, water withdrawal prohibitions. The sensor very close to the wall.” The radar as he explained: “This makes the entre agency was particularly focused on sensor is equipped with encapsulated measurement setup so inconspicuous periods of prolonged drought, which cable and protection class IP66/68, that it is also protected against has been the order of the day in recent hence allowing it to be immersed in vandalism and theft.” years. SOMEWHERE IN THE MIDDLE OF NOWHERE water in the event of a flood. CURRENT MEASUREMENT DATA AROUND THE CLOCK CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK “We now have reliable, energyefficient measurement 24 hours a In an effort to improve water Every 15 minutes, the radar day,” continued Eylenbosch, who is management, VMM wanted to have measurement is activated and the convinced that the need for additional smart IoT level sensors for continuous measured value sent to the VMM measuring points will increase in the level measurement of rivers. Up until database via a remote telemetry data future. Expanding the sensor network then, setting up such measuring logger. “This makes it possible to gain is not an issue – a new level measuring points had only been possible with a better insight into our water supply point can be put into operation at considerable effort and expense. and distribution reality, and to calibrate any time and integrated into the our hydrological models,” he added. existing network. As soon as the level “To install a river level measuring point, Incidentally, any citizen can also measurement module is installed, the the sensor, together with an adequate access the data – the current readings instrument goes online automatically. housing, sometimes had to be set can be viewed by the public via a web up in the middle of nowhere and the service. The administrator only has to fill out necessary cables laid underground,” a few fields in a digital activation he explained. “We also needed special Once the decision was made, VMM form beforehand – all subsequent software to configure the system. And procured 50 compact VEGAPULS C measurement data are then we had to collect, amalgamate and 11 radar level sensors and installed automatically transferred to the process the measurement data.” them with microcontrollers at numerous database in a continuous stream. locations in five provinces. The exact This ensures that the level data When the compact radar level location of each one is determined via a becomes quickly available on the transmitter VEGAPULS C 11 became GPS module built into the data logger. data platform. 46 WATER & WASTEWATER ASIA | NOVEMBER/DECEMBER <strong>2021</strong>
VIEWPOINT INDUSTRIAL wastewater challenge Industries such as chemical, petrochemical and mining use large quantities of fresh water and generate wastewater as a by-product. David Kim-Hak, senior director of product at Energy Recovery, elaborates more on the emergence of ultra-high pressure reverse osmosis for zero liquid discharge (ZLD) applications. Industrial wastewater effluent contains different types and levels of contaminants that vary among the processes, applications, and locations. Some contaminants can easily be treated and removed while others, such as salts and metals, are dissolved in water and are difficult to treat; this water is referred to as saline water. In addition to being challenging to treat, they can also be quite toxic to humans and the surrounding environment. Therefore, those effluents usually require extensive water treatment techniques prior to being discharged or else they are transported a great distance for disposal. To control the harmful environmental effects of industrial wastewater disposal and to improve the sustainability of surface and groundwater, governments have tightened regulations and environmental permitting, and are beginning to mandate zero or minimal liquid discharge (ZLD or MLD) requirements for industrial wastewater. Through MLD and ZLD, liquid waste volume is greatly reduced or eliminated while contaminants are disposed as solid waste, which is typically easier and safer to manage and will not contaminant the surrounding environment. The treated water remaining can then be reused in the original industrial process, or safely returned to the local environment. THE EMERGENCE OF UHPRO FOR ZLD APPLICATIONS Achieving ZLD requires a combination of desalination treatment steps that extract fresh water while concentrating dissolved salts and other contaminants in a waste saline stream. Liquid waste may be reduced by a combination of water treatment technologies such as brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO), seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), ultra-high pressure reverse osmosis (UHPRO), electrodialysis reversal (EDR), and thermal concentration methods. As a century-old incumbent technology, thermal processes have been the primary process to desalinate water and wastewater despite being high energy and capital intensive, making high-salinity desalination costly to implement. This process involves using heat energy to evaporate the water from the saline solution, leaving behind salt and other contaminants. The water vapour is then condensed back into a contaminant-free liquid. Even though thermal technologies have improved and optimised the use of heat energy, they can be inefficient processes to separate dissolved solids as compared to modern membrane separation processes. In comparison, reverse osmosis (RO) technology consumes less energy, requires a smaller plant footprint, and is less capital intensive. Unlike the thermal processes, RO uses hydraulic energy in the form of pressure as the sole driving force to push feed water through the semi-permeable RO membrane. This produces a clean stream called “permeate”, which leaves salts and other contaminants as by-products in the concentration stream. The required RO feed pressure must be greater than the osmotic pressure of the feed stream that is proportional to the salinity of the water. Therefore, the higher the feed salinity, the higher the required feed pressure. And in the case of UHPRO, because the feed salinity is typically above 60,000ppm, the required feed pressure is greater than 1,200 psi (83 bar). The ongoing transition in the last 10 years from thermal to SWRO in the seawater desalination market illustrates the attractiveness of RO technology. SWRO has completely displaced thermal desalination as the dominant technology for new municipal desalination plants, and is now the technology of choice in desalination. Recent advances in RO membranes and associated equipment have made it WATER & WASTEWATER ASIA | NOVEMBER/DECEMBER <strong>2021</strong> 47
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Page 4 and 5: CONTENTS 16 42 CONTENTS 04 Editor
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Page 8 and 9: NEWS PUB AWARDS CONTRACT TO INSTALL
Page 10 and 11: NEWS GRUNDFOS INTRODUCES NEW GROUND
Page 12 and 13: NEWS ARMSTRONG FLUID TECHNOLOGY WIN
Page 14 and 15: NEWS CITY OF ALICE AND SEVEN SEAS W
Page 16 and 17: NEWS VEOLIA EXPANDS PILOT TESTING W
Page 18 and 19: SINGAPORE FOCUS SAFEGUARDING water
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Page 23 and 24: 5 MINS WITH and sanitary toilets, a
Page 25 and 26: ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Scenario B: Re
Page 27 and 28: ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT NEW FILTERING
Page 29 and 30: IN THE FIELD The THP unit at the Ba
Page 31 and 32: IN THE FIELD ABB’S TECHNOLOGY ADD
Page 33 and 34: IN THE FIELD ROYAL HASKONINGDHV’S
Page 35 and 36: IN THE FIELD STABLE, EFFICIENT WATE
Page 37 and 38: IN THE FIELD began a new initiative
Page 39 and 40: FOCUS KEY TRENDS TO FOCUS FOR 2022:
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Page 43 and 44: FOCUS Security of supply is importa
Page 45 and 46: FOCUS Another plant has been feedin
Page 47: FOCUS USER-FRIENDLY AND LOW- MAINTE
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Page 53 and 54: HOTSEAT PROBLEM: SYSTEM GENERATES E
Page 55 and 56: LET US DEVELOP, MARKET AND MANAGE Y
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Page 59 and 60: [Webinar] Nirobox Solution: Focus o
Page 61 and 62: UPCOMING SWA ACTIVITIES SWA/SgWX Wa
Page 63 and 64: ON OUR RADAR A LEAK HEARD: Wavin la
Page 65 and 66: WHAT’S NEXT EVENT CALENDAR 2021 A
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Water & Wastewater Asia November/December 2021

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