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The Palace of Domitian was built as Roman emperor Domitian’s official
residence in 81–92 AD and was used as such by subsequent emperors.
It was designed by the architect Rabirius. Its remains sit atop and dominate
the Palatine Hill in Rome, alongside other palaces. It has not been
fully exposed as parts lie under more recent buildings.
The Palace is a massive structure separated today into three areas, in
part following the way business matters and private life were separated
so they could be conducted in parallel. The modern names used for
these parts are the Domus Flavia, the Domus Augustana, and the
garden or “stadium”.
The palace was built on top of earlier buildings, notably Nero’s Domus
Transitoria and the Republican House of the Griffins, significant
remains of which have been discovered.
Under Severus a large extension was added along the southwestern
slope of the hill overlooking the Circus Maximus, but otherwise the
bulk of the Palace as constructed under Domitian remained remarkably
intact for the remainder of the Empire. The Palace functioned as the
official residence of the Roman Emperors until the fall of the Western
Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
Brick stamps show that Hadrian reinforced the structure of the porticos
and that in the Severan era the exedra was reduced to a quarter circle
externally when the adjacent Severan Baths were built. The small oval
enclosure in the southern end dates to the time of Theodoric (early 6th c.)
when it was perhaps used as a private amphitheatre (certainly not as a
training ground for gladiators, as this type of show was abolished since
the time of Honorius).
The complex was discovered and excavated in the 18th century which
was soon followed by looting which irreparably compromised the state
of the building.