American Genesis: The American Indian and the Origins of Modern Man

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Marmes Rocksheher --~~ . Fori Rock C.ve '-'-------+- Boru Lake ---4- Tule Springs __ -\_~ Hell Cap Eden / Scotubluff \ ! / Llndenme le r y ~D. nt Cordon. ~F I Shoop Creek / 0 50m • • ..,1:..-Sandi. Bull Brook Lake Mohave ---- \'e ntana Ca\'e Little Sulphur Springs Naco and Lehner Texepan ---'''':::- FeU's Cave The archaeological sites upon which the very conservative "12,000- Year-Old Latecomer" Indian origins model is built. Until recently, these were the oldest sites available for study.
THE BELOVED BERING BRIDGE 55 fixed rate. It is therefore possible to determine that after a lapse of a specific period of time the amount of radioactivity in a substance will be reduced to exactly one-half, after a lapse of an equal amount of time to one-fourth of its original level-and so on. This first period-about 5,570 years-is called the half-life. While the radiocarbon dating technique has been criticized based on variations in the amount of C-14 in the atmosphere in the past, the technique has been repeatedly proven accurate to within 10 percent. By measuring the amount of radioactivity left in animal bones and ancient plant material found at early sites, it has been possible to go beyond relative dating based purely on geological strata and get "absolute" dates as to when these animals were slain Or died. For the first time it was possible to speak with some certainty about when the first Indians reached the Americas. Radiocarbon dating sbowed that the Clovis mammoth sites dated to approximately 12,000 years ago (10,000 B.G) and the later Folsom bison sites to approximately 11,000 years ago, with many other sites clustering around these dates. When the floodgates were opened, there seemed to be a veritable log jam of early sites from 10,000 to 12,000 years in age. Why? Radiocarbon dating quickly helped archaeologists seemingly tie together the loose strings of the origins scenario. In addition to the log jam of dates from 10,000 to 12,000 years in age, the major unanswered questions dealt with how the migrants crossed the tremendous ice field that must have blocked their way to the south after they traveled over Beringia's tundra. While eastern Siberia, Beringia, and central Alaska were unglaciated, the Cordilleran ice cap covered the Canadian Rockies from Vancouver to eastern Alaska. And the Laurentide ice cap covered most of the rest of Canada and much of the northern United States. These two huge glacial formations merged at the foot of the Canadian Rockies, formidably blocking entry into the western United States. Radiocarbon dating also showed that 12,000 years ago a brief warm period within the last ice age known as the Two Creeks Interstadial caused a marked glacial retreat. It was, incorrectly, believed that this retreat created an ice-free corridor be-
Page 1 and 2: The startling new theory that the f
Page 3 and 4: $11.95 Modem man made his world deb
Page 5 and 6: Je AMERICAN The American Indian and
Page 7 and 8: Copyright © 1981 by Jeffrey Coodma
Page 9 and 10: Contents 1. Modern Man's World Debu
Page 11 and 12: 1 Modern Man's World Debut ... the
Page 13 and 14: MODERN MAN'S WORLD DEBUT 17 This sc
Page 15 and 16: MODERN MAN ' S WORLD DEBUT 19 But n
Page 17 and 18: MODERN MAN'S \VORLD DEBUT 21 man. W
Page 19 and 20: 24 AMERICAN GENESIS importance of t
Page 21 and 22: 26 AMERICAN GENESIS wooden image of
Page 23 and 24: 28 AMERICAN GENESIS and his followe
Page 25 and 26: 30 AMERICAN CENESIS documents. ' We
Page 27 and 28: 32 AMERICAN GENESIS relating fact o
Page 29 and 30: 34 AMERICAN GENESIS Greek archaeolo
Page 31 and 32: 36 AMERICAN GENESIS Churchward's an
Page 33 and 34: 38 AMERICAN CENESIS groups of enthu
Page 35 and 36: 3 The Beloved Bering Bridge The arc
Page 37 and 38: THE BELOVED BERING BRIDGE 43 their
Page 39 and 40: THE BELOVED BERING BRIDCE 45 In 192
Page 41 and 42: THE BELOVED BERINC BRIDCE 47 Alfred
Page 43 and 44: THE BELOVED BERINC BRIDGE 49 These
Page 45 and 46: THE BELOVED BERING BRIDGE 51 Americ
Page 47: THE BELOVED BERING BRIDGE 53 stampe
Page 51 and 52: THE BELOVED BERING BRIDGE 57 liest
Page 53 and 54: 60 AMERICAN GENESIS many hunting ca
Page 55 and 56: 62 AMERICAN GENESIS hung Over the b
Page 57 and 58: 64 AMERICAN GENESIS Chopper Tool Ha
Page 59 and 60: 66 AMERICAN GENESIS mile blockage o
Page 61 and 62: 68 AMERICAN GENESIS Beringia. Some
Page 63 and 64: 70 AMERICAN CENESIS cultures with t
Page 65 and 66: 72 AMERICAN GENESIS gully nestled i
Page 67 and 68: 74 AMERICAN GENESIS a combination i
Page 69 and 70: 76 AMERICAN CENESIS lived unless th
Page 71 and 72: 78 AMERICAN CENESIS strong belief i
Page 73 and 74: 80 AMERICAN CENESIS 35,000 to 27,00
Page 75 and 76: 82 AMERICAN GENESIS r - r , r Man w
Page 77 and 78: 84 AMERICAN CENESIS The 48,OOO-year
Page 79 and 80: 86 AMERICAN GENESIS The Del Mar sku
Page 81 and 82: 88 AMERICAN CENESIS Dr. Jeffrey aad
Page 83 and 84: 6 A Parade of Sites-The Bones Don't
Page 85 and 86: A PARADE OF SITES 93 both bones and
Page 87 and 88: A PARADE OF SITES 95 SITES THAT SHA
Page 89 and 90: A PARADE OF SITES 97 local land dev
Page 91 and 92: A PARADE OF SITES 99 carved exquisi
Page 93 and 94: A PARADE OF SITES 101 ~:~ne carved
Page 95 and 96: A PARADE OF SITES 103 island that i
Page 97 and 98: A PARADE OF SITES 105 of Canada; fo
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A PARADE OF SITES 107 oted d at old
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A PARADE OF SITES 109 and horses. F
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A PARADE OF SITES III having killed
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......-.......,..'........ A PARADE
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A PARADE OF SITES lI5 that by 30,00
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A PARADE OF SITES 117 was small gam
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A PARADE OF SITES 119 to make a red
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122 A1\1:ERICAN GENESIS the route,
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124 AMERICAN GENESIS second Leakey-
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126 AMERICAN CENESIS speech and lan
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128 AMERICAN GENESIS reject as an a
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130 AMERICAN GENESIS a bet about it
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132 AMERICAN GENESIS tools such as
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134 AMERICAN GENESIS geologists hav
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136 AMERICAN CENESIS the American l
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138 AMERICAN GENESIS Hills also com
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140 AMERICAN GENESIS "that Louis Le
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142 AMERICAN GENESIS SITES IN V ARl
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THE TABLES ARE TURNED 145 changes i
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THE TABLES ARE TURNED 147 150,000 y
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THE TABLES ARE TURNED 149 because s
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8 Migration in Reverse: The Artifac
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MIGRATION IN REVERSE: THE ARTIFACTS
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MICRATION IN REVERSE: THE ARTIFACTS
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MIGRATION IN REVERSE : THE ARTIFACT
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(lCRATION IN REVERSE : TUE ARTlFACT
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9 Migration in Reverse: The Skulls
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MIGRATION IN REVERSE: THE SKULLS 17
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MIGRATION [N REVERSE: THE SKULLS 18
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194 AMERICAN CENESIS The twins were
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196 AMERICAN GENESIS shores. This l
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198 AMERICAN GENESIS land in the ju
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200 AMERICAN CENESIS F-rancisco Pea
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202 AMERICAN GENESIS independent in
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204 AMERICAN GENESIS A photo of Dr.
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206 AMERICAN GENESIS waste material
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208 AMERICAN GENESIS ton has said,"
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210 AMERICAN GENESIS impressed by w
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212 AMERICAN CENESIS ''':: ','.::,'
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214 AMERICAN GENESIS metric engravi
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216 AMERICAN GENESIS Ferry projects
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218 AMERICAN CENESIS ics and Einste
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220 AMERICAN GENESIS ago, the horse
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222 AMERICAN GENESIS discovery of h
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224 AMERICAN GENESIS nized drugs bo
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226 AMERICAN GENESIS substance sali
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228 A?fERICAN GENESIS eaten. Abunda
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230 AMERICAN CENESIS a harpoon. In
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232 AMERICAN CENESIS Pawnee star ch
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AMERICAN GENESIS was eager to see g
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Mterword The Only Good Indian Is a
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AFTERWORD 239 of dollars, but the I
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Appendix Additional Early Sites* Am
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ADDITIONAL EARLY SITES 243 McGee's
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Notes Chapter 2 1. Kelly, D. H. "Cu
Page 238 and 239:
NOTES 247 12. Jennings, J. D. Prehi
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NOTES 249 9. Alexander, H. L. "Tbe
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NOTES 251 Lithics." Quarterly of th
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NOTES 253 15. Bryan, 1978, op. cit.
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NOTES 255 dustries." Quarterly of t
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NOTES 257 4. Vogel, V. J. American
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260 BIBLIOGRAPHY tralia," in Early
Page 252 and 253:
262 BIBLIOGRAPHY Hayden, Brian, ed.
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264 BIBLIOGRAPHY Sanders, Ronald. L
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266 BIBLIOGRAPHY Emiliani, Cesare.
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268 BIBLIOGRAPHY "New World Archaeo
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270 BIBLIOGRAPHY "Pompeii of West R
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272 BIBLIOGRAPHY Paper presented at
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274 INDEX animals: domestication of
Page 266 and 267:
276 INDEX California (continued) as
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278 INDEX fission tract dating, 144
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280 INDEX "latecomer" model, 74, 91
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282 INDEX Paleo-Indians (continued)
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284 INDEX skulls (continued) simila
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About the Author Jeffrey Goodman, P
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American Genesis: The American Indian and the Origins of Modern Man

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