NET-Microservices-Architecture-for-Containerized-NET-Applications

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EDITION v6.0 - Updated to ASP.NET Core 6.0Refer changelog for the book updates and community contributions.This guide is an introduction to developing microservices-based applications and managing themusing containers. It discusses architectural design and implementation approaches using .NET andDocker containers.To make it easier to get started, the guide focuses on a reference containerized and microservicebasedapplication that you can explore. The reference application is available at theeShopOnContainers GitHub repo.Action links• This e-book is also available in a PDF format (English version only) Download• Clone/Fork the reference application eShopOnContainers on GitHub• Watch the introductory video• Get to know the Microservices Architecture right awayIntroductionEnterprises are increasingly realizing cost savings, solving deployment problems, and improvingDevOps and production operations by using containers. Microsoft has been releasing containerinnovations for Windows and Linux by creating products like Azure Kubernetes Service and AzureService Fabric, and by partnering with industry leaders like Docker, Mesosphere, and Kubernetes.These products deliver container solutions that help companies build and deploy applications at cloudspeed and scale, whatever their choice of platform or tools.Docker is becoming the de facto standard in the container industry, supported by the most significantvendors in the Windows and Linux ecosystems. (Microsoft is one of the main cloud vendorssupporting Docker.) In the future, Docker will probably be ubiquitous in any datacenter in the cloud oron-premises.In addition, the microservices architecture is emerging as an important approach for distributedmission-critical applications. In a microservice-based architecture, the application is built on acollection of services that can be developed, tested, deployed, and versioned independently.About this guideThis guide is an introduction to developing microservices-based applications and managing themusing containers. It discusses architectural design and implementation approaches using .NET andDocker containers. To make it easier to get started with containers and microservices, the guidefocuses on a reference containerized and microservice-based application that you can explore. Thesample application is available at the eShopOnContainers GitHub repo.
This guide provides foundational development and architectural guidance primarily at a developmentenvironment level with a focus on two technologies: Docker and .NET. Our intention is that you readthis guide when thinking about your application design without focusing on the infrastructure (cloudor on-premises) of your production environment. You will make decisions about your infrastructurelater, when you create your production-ready applications. Therefore, this guide is intended to beinfrastructure agnostic and more development-environment-centric.After you have studied this guide, your next step would be to learn about production-readymicroservices on Microsoft Azure.VersionThis guide has been revised to cover .NET 6 version along with many additional updates related tothe same “wave” of technologies (that is, Azure and additional third-party technologies) coinciding intime with the .NET 6 release. That’s why the book version has also been updated to version 6.0.What this guide does not coverThis guide does not focus on the application lifecycle, DevOps, CI/CD pipelines, or team work. Thecomplementary guide Containerized Docker Application Lifecycle with Microsoft Platform and Toolsfocuses on that subject. The current guide also does not provide implementation details on Azureinfrastructure, such as information on specific orchestrators.Additional resources• Containerized Docker Application Lifecycle with Microsoft Platform and Tools(downloadable e-book)https://aka.ms/dockerlifecycleebookWho should use this guideWe wrote this guide for developers and solution architects who are new to Docker-based applicationdevelopment and to microservices-based architecture. This guide is for you if you want to learn howto architect, design, and implement proof-of-concept applications with Microsoft developmenttechnologies (with special focus on .NET) and with Docker containers.You will also find this guide useful if you are a technical decision maker, such as an enterprisearchitect, who wants an architecture and technology overview before you decide on what approach toselect for new and modern distributed applications.How to use this guideThe first part of this guide introduces Docker containers, discusses how to choose between .NET 6 andthe .NET Framework as a development framework, and provides an overview of microservices. Thiscontent is for architects and technical decision makers who want an overview but don’t need to focuson code implementation details.
Page 4 and 5: The second part of the guide starts
Page 6 and 7: All rights reserved. No part of the
Page 8 and 9: Manage state and data in Docker app
Page 10 and 11: Simplified workflow when developing
Page 12 and 13: Design a microservice domain model
Page 14 and 15: Issues with the original HttpClient
Page 16 and 17: CHAPTER 1Introduction to Containers
Page 18 and 19: directly on macOS.) Developers who
Page 20 and 21: 2. To issue a set of letters, you p
Page 22 and 23: you can deploy the whole multi-cont
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER 2Choosing Between .NET 6and
Page 26 and 27: can use it to develop containerized
Page 28 and 29: • ASP.NET Web Forms. This technol
Page 30 and 31: Figure 3-1. Operating systems to ta
Page 32 and 33: In productionWhat is important in p
Page 34 and 35: You might find a scenario where you
Page 36 and 37: Figure 4-3. Example of multiple hos
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Page 40 and 41: • File storage offers shared stor
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Page 46 and 47: As Figure 4-8 shows, the catalog bu
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Page 50 and 51: Challenge #4: How to design communi
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Sam Newman, a recognized promoter o
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Figure 4-11. Decomposing traditiona
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• How can client apps minimize th
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Figure 4-13. Using an API Gateway i
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For more information, see Gateway r
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using PaaS products like Azure API
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A microservices-based application i
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Figure 4-15. Anti-patterns and patt
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When a client uses request/response
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Azure Service Bus. In this scenario
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and Query Responsibility Segregatio
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Creating, evolving, and versioning
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consuming the microservices, which
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• Mauro Servienti. The secret of
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Orchestrators managing health and d
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Figure 4-23. A cluster of container
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configuration of popular open-sourc
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For more implementation information
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Additional resources• Visual Stud
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Step 1. Start coding and create you
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Figure 5-3. Enabling Docker Support
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• Build your own image. In the of
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• Line #5: Begin a new stage with
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Step 3. Create your custom Docker i
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- sqldatasqldata:image: mcr.microso
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Option A: Running a single-containe
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Additional resources• Deploy an A
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Figure 5-15. Simplified workflow wh
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CHAPTER 5Designing and DevelopingMu
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In this approach, each service (con
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Data sovereignty per microserviceIn
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Yet another drawback with this dire
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• Traditional N-Layered.• Domai
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Figure 6-5. Simple data-driven/CRUD
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Figure 6-7. Dependencies in a simpl
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Within the DbContext, you use the O
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});});// Changing default behavior
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Query string and URI versioning are
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Swashbuckle automatically generates
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Figure 6-9. Swashbuckle UI testing
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Basically, you define each of the c
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depends_on:- sqldataThis containeri
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Overriding the base docker-compose
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image: eshop/webmvc:${TAG:-latest}b
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webmvc:environment:- ASPNETCORE_ENV
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A Dockerfile like this will work. H
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environments so that you can easily
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pod}}}}return host;The following co
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You can directly run a Docker Redis
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you can research the forked eShopOn
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In Figure 6-20, you can see an abst
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Figure 6-21. RabbitMQ implementatio
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Each event type has a related chann
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}// ...In this case, since the orig
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• Publish the integration event r
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if (catalogItem == null) return Not
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The event handler needs to verify w
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Deduplicating messages when using R
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• Service tests. These tests ensu
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• Unit testing in .NET using dotn
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redis.data:ports:- "6379:6379"rabbi
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SignalR is one example of an artifa
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}finally{// Wait until the task com
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for these scenarios, like Azure Fun
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Sample microservices/containers to
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ports:- "5101:80" # Important: In a
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You install Ocelot and its dependen
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The main functionality of an Ocelot
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build:context: .dockerfile: src/Api
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Figure 6-36. Direct access to a mic
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Figure 6-39. Position of the Identi
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}}}//...Then, you also need to set
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exposes just a few services or endp
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Figure 7-1. External microservice a
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CQS is a simple concept: it is abou
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Therefore, you could use a differen
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definitions query the database and
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}}}LEFT JOIN[ordering].[orderstatus
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In the following image, you can see
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Layers in DDD microservicesMost ent
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Also, this aspect does not mean you
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The Domain Entity patternEntities r
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• Martin Fowler. The Anemic Domai
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Figure 7-9. Example of aggregates w
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Figure 7-10. Domain model structure
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Address = address;}// ...Additional
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Additionally, if there are differen
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The custom Entity base classThe fol
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Order Add(Order order);void Update(
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constructed, you must provide the r
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It could be argued that value objec
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}modelBuilder.ApplyConfiguration(ne
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• No inheritance-mapping support
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You can use this class as a type in
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for entity validation in EF Core (n
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because if you have a client applic
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Domain events versus integration ev
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As shown in Figure 7-15, starting f
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However, when the domain events cla
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Vaughn Vernon says the following in
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In code, you first need to register
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The reference app uses MediatR to p
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Figure 7-17. The relationship betwe
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object (as in EF when using the DbC
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Infrastructure in Entity Framework
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}get{}return _context;public BuyerR
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In short, custom repositories allow
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Fluent API and the OnModelCreating
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EF Core supports HiLo with the UseH
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}// return the result of the query
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worldwide, single-digit millisecond
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The ideal and more straightforward
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However, if you are planning to use
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[BsonId][BsonRepresentation(BsonTyp
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#Other environment variables for ad
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• Inversion of Control Containers
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foreach (var item in message.OrderI
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In the example code, the abstractio
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You send a command to a single rece
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data, and no behavior. The command
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IIdentityService identityService,IL
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Figure 7-25. Using the Mediator pat
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Additionally, async commands are on
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var requestCreateOrder = new Identi
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command);CommandHandler// Send the
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}}// Other types registration//...T
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RuleFor(command => command.City).No
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CHAPTER 7Implement resilientapplica
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Figure 8-2. The impact of having an
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certain failure scenarios faster th
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// Save product's data and publish
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available under heavy loads. That i
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In the above image, a ClientService
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A Typed Client is effectively a tra
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Add a jitter strategy to the retry
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In the code example above, the circ
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on. (Business message due to Circui
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In the previous code, the services.
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Figure 8-7. Custom Health Checks im
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Fortunately, AspNetCore.Diagnostics
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You can use simple custom applicati
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Directory or a dedicated authentica
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Authenticate with external provider
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To enable token authentication, ASP
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}services.AddSingleton<IClientStore
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About authorization in .NET microse
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The second AddPolicy call demonstra
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<PropertyGroup><UserSecretsId>Uniqu
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CHAPTER 9.NET MicroservicesArchitec
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