NET-Microservices-Architecture-for-Containerized-NET-Applications

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you can deploy the whole multi-container application with a single command (docker-compose up)that creates a container per image on the Docker host.Cluster: A collection of Docker hosts exposed as if it were a single virtual Docker host, so that theapplication can scale to multiple instances of the services spread across multiple hosts within thecluster. Docker clusters can be created with Kubernetes, Azure Service Fabric, Docker Swarm andMesosphere DC/OS.Orchestrator: A tool that simplifies the management of clusters and Docker hosts. Orchestratorsenable you to manage their images, containers, and hosts through a command-line interface (CLI) or agraphical UI. You can manage container networking, configurations, load balancing, service discovery,high availability, Docker host configuration, and more. An orchestrator is responsible for running,distributing, scaling, and healing workloads across a collection of nodes. Typically, orchestratorproducts are the same products that provide cluster infrastructure, like Kubernetes and Azure ServiceFabric, among other offerings in the market.Docker containers, images, and registriesWhen using Docker, a developer creates an app or service and packages it and its dependencies intoa container image. An image is a static representation of the app or service and its configuration anddependencies.To run the app or service, the app’s image is instantiated to create a container, which will be runningon the Docker host. Containers are initially tested in a development environment or PC.Developers should store images in a registry, which acts as a library of images and is needed whendeploying to production orchestrators. Docker maintains a public registry via Docker Hub; othervendors provide registries for different collections of images, including Azure Container Registry.Alternatively, enterprises can have a private registry on-premises for their own Docker images.Figure 2-4 shows how images and registries in Docker relate to other components. It also shows themultiple registry offerings from vendors.7 CHAPTER 1 | Introduction to Containers and Docker
Figure 2-4. Taxonomy of Docker terms and conceptsThe registry is like a bookshelf where images are stored and available to be pulled for buildingcontainers to run services or web apps. There are private Docker registries on-premises and on thepublic cloud. Docker Hub is a public registry maintained by Docker, along the Docker Trusted Registryan enterprise-grade solution, Azure offers the Azure Container Registry. AWS, Google, and others alsohave container registries.Putting images in a registry lets you store static and immutable application bits, including all theirdependencies at a framework level. Those images can then be versioned and deployed in multipleenvironments and therefore provide a consistent deployment unit.Private image registries, either hosted on-premises or in the cloud, are recommended when:• Your images must not be shared publicly due to confidentiality.• You want to have minimum network latency between your images and your chosen deploymentenvironment. For example, if your production environment is Azure cloud, you probably want tostore your images in Azure Container Registry so that network latency will be minimal. In asimilar way, if your production environment is on-premises, you might want to have an onpremisesDocker Trusted Registry available within the same local network.8 CHAPTER 1 | Introduction to Containers and Docker
Page 2 and 3: EDITION v6.0 - Updated to ASP.NET C
Page 4 and 5: The second part of the guide starts
Page 6 and 7: All rights reserved. No part of the
Page 8 and 9: Manage state and data in Docker app
Page 10 and 11: Simplified workflow when developing
Page 12 and 13: Design a microservice domain model
Page 14 and 15: Issues with the original HttpClient
Page 16 and 17: CHAPTER 1Introduction to Containers
Page 18 and 19: directly on macOS.) Developers who
Page 20 and 21: 2. To issue a set of letters, you p
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER 2Choosing Between .NET 6and
Page 26 and 27: can use it to develop containerized
Page 28 and 29: • ASP.NET Web Forms. This technol
Page 30 and 31: Figure 3-1. Operating systems to ta
Page 32 and 33: In productionWhat is important in p
Page 34 and 35: You might find a scenario where you
Page 36 and 37: Figure 4-3. Example of multiple hos
Page 38 and 39: should assume that container images
Page 40 and 41: • File storage offers shared stor
Page 42 and 43: evolve them autonomously while main
Page 44 and 45: be accessed either synchronously th
Page 46 and 47: As Figure 4-8 shows, the catalog bu
Page 48 and 49: scalability in collaborative scenar
Page 50 and 51: Challenge #4: How to design communi
Page 52 and 53: Sam Newman, a recognized promoter o
Page 54 and 55: Figure 4-11. Decomposing traditiona
Page 56 and 57: • How can client apps minimize th
Page 58 and 59: Figure 4-13. Using an API Gateway i
Page 60 and 61: For more information, see Gateway r
Page 62 and 63: using PaaS products like Azure API
Page 64 and 65: A microservices-based application i
Page 66 and 67: Figure 4-15. Anti-patterns and patt
Page 68 and 69: When a client uses request/response
Page 70 and 71: Azure Service Bus. In this scenario
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and Query Responsibility Segregatio
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Creating, evolving, and versioning
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consuming the microservices, which
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• Mauro Servienti. The secret of
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Orchestrators managing health and d
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Figure 4-23. A cluster of container
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configuration of popular open-sourc
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For more implementation information
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Additional resources• Visual Stud
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Step 1. Start coding and create you
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Figure 5-3. Enabling Docker Support
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• Build your own image. In the of
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• Line #5: Begin a new stage with
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Step 3. Create your custom Docker i
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- sqldatasqldata:image: mcr.microso
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Option A: Running a single-containe
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Additional resources• Deploy an A
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Figure 5-15. Simplified workflow wh
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CHAPTER 5Designing and DevelopingMu
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In this approach, each service (con
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Data sovereignty per microserviceIn
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Yet another drawback with this dire
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• Traditional N-Layered.• Domai
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Figure 6-5. Simple data-driven/CRUD
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Figure 6-7. Dependencies in a simpl
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Within the DbContext, you use the O
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});});// Changing default behavior
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Query string and URI versioning are
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Swashbuckle automatically generates
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Figure 6-9. Swashbuckle UI testing
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Basically, you define each of the c
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depends_on:- sqldataThis containeri
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Overriding the base docker-compose
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image: eshop/webmvc:${TAG:-latest}b
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webmvc:environment:- ASPNETCORE_ENV
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A Dockerfile like this will work. H
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environments so that you can easily
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pod}}}}return host;The following co
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You can directly run a Docker Redis
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you can research the forked eShopOn
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In Figure 6-20, you can see an abst
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Figure 6-21. RabbitMQ implementatio
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Each event type has a related chann
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}// ...In this case, since the orig
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• Publish the integration event r
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if (catalogItem == null) return Not
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The event handler needs to verify w
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Deduplicating messages when using R
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• Service tests. These tests ensu
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• Unit testing in .NET using dotn
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redis.data:ports:- "6379:6379"rabbi
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SignalR is one example of an artifa
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}finally{// Wait until the task com
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for these scenarios, like Azure Fun
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Sample microservices/containers to
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ports:- "5101:80" # Important: In a
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You install Ocelot and its dependen
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The main functionality of an Ocelot
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build:context: .dockerfile: src/Api
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Figure 6-36. Direct access to a mic
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Figure 6-39. Position of the Identi
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}}}//...Then, you also need to set
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exposes just a few services or endp
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Figure 7-1. External microservice a
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CQS is a simple concept: it is abou
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Therefore, you could use a differen
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definitions query the database and
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}}}LEFT JOIN[ordering].[orderstatus
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In the following image, you can see
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Layers in DDD microservicesMost ent
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Also, this aspect does not mean you
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The Domain Entity patternEntities r
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• Martin Fowler. The Anemic Domai
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Figure 7-9. Example of aggregates w
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Figure 7-10. Domain model structure
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Address = address;}// ...Additional
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Additionally, if there are differen
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The custom Entity base classThe fol
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Order Add(Order order);void Update(
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constructed, you must provide the r
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It could be argued that value objec
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}modelBuilder.ApplyConfiguration(ne
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• No inheritance-mapping support
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You can use this class as a type in
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for entity validation in EF Core (n
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because if you have a client applic
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Domain events versus integration ev
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As shown in Figure 7-15, starting f
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However, when the domain events cla
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Vaughn Vernon says the following in
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In code, you first need to register
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The reference app uses MediatR to p
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Figure 7-17. The relationship betwe
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object (as in EF when using the DbC
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Infrastructure in Entity Framework
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}get{}return _context;public BuyerR
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In short, custom repositories allow
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Fluent API and the OnModelCreating
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EF Core supports HiLo with the UseH
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}// return the result of the query
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worldwide, single-digit millisecond
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The ideal and more straightforward
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However, if you are planning to use
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[BsonId][BsonRepresentation(BsonTyp
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#Other environment variables for ad
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• Inversion of Control Containers
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foreach (var item in message.OrderI
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In the example code, the abstractio
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You send a command to a single rece
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data, and no behavior. The command
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IIdentityService identityService,IL
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Figure 7-25. Using the Mediator pat
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Additionally, async commands are on
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var requestCreateOrder = new Identi
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command);CommandHandler// Send the
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}}// Other types registration//...T
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RuleFor(command => command.City).No
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CHAPTER 7Implement resilientapplica
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Figure 8-2. The impact of having an
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certain failure scenarios faster th
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// Save product's data and publish
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available under heavy loads. That i
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In the above image, a ClientService
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A Typed Client is effectively a tra
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Add a jitter strategy to the retry
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In the code example above, the circ
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on. (Business message due to Circui
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In the previous code, the services.
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Figure 8-7. Custom Health Checks im
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Fortunately, AspNetCore.Diagnostics
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You can use simple custom applicati
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Directory or a dedicated authentica
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Authenticate with external provider
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To enable token authentication, ASP
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}services.AddSingleton<IClientStore
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About authorization in .NET microse
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The second AddPolicy call demonstra
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<PropertyGroup><UserSecretsId>Uniqu
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CHAPTER 9.NET MicroservicesArchitec
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NET-Microservices-Architecture-for-Containerized-NET-Applications

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