Extraction_of_proanthocyanidins_from_gra

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Extraction of proanthocyanidins from grape marc by supercritical fluidextraction using CO 2 as solvent and ethanol-water mixture as co-solventCarla Da Porto*, Andrea Natolino, Deborha Decorti,Department of Food Science, University of Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, ItalyAccepted Manuscript_____________________________* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 0432 558141; fax: +39 0432 558130 ; e-mail:carla.daporto@uniud.itAbstract1Page 1 of 22
The extraction of phenolic compounds from grape marc using supercritical CO 2 containing 15%ethanol-water mixture (57% v/v) (EtW) as co-solvent, at 8, 10, 20 and 30 MPa/313.15 K suggested8 MPa as the most suitable pressure. At 8MPa/313.15K, different co-solvent percentages (15, 10,7.5%) at CO 2 flow rate of 6 and 4 kg/h were investigated for proanthocyanidins (PAs) theextraction. The highest extraction yields were obtained at 4kg/h CO 2 -7.5% EtW flow rate (2600mg GAE 100 g DM -1 ) and 6kg/h CO 2 - 10%EtW (2527 mg GAE 100 g DM -1 ). At 6kg/h CO 2 - 10%EtWflow rate the amounts of monomeric (188 mg catechin 100 g -1 DM ) and oligomeric (154 mg catechin 100 gDM -1 ) fractions of PAs, as well as their antioxidant activity (809 and 546 mg α-tocopherol 100 g -1 DM )were higher than at 4kg/h CO 2 -7.5% EtW- flow rate. SC-CO 2 methods were compared withconventional methanol extraction.Keywords: supercritical fluid extraction, co-solvent ethanol-water mixture, phenolic compounds,antioxidant activity, grape marcIntroductionThe wine production industries generate a large quantities of waste, including grape marc and winelees. Grape marc has a heavy environmental impact for the high content of organic residues thatconsiderably increase chemical and biochemical oxygen demands. This biomass could be disposedand valorized by extraction of residues phenols which represent added-value biOECtive compoundsuseful in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industry.Grape’s polyphenols include flavonoids and non-flavonoids [1]. Proanthocyanidins (PAs), alsoknown as condensed tannins, are oligomeric and polymeric flavonoids of high complexity; theirbiOECtive properties are determinate by molecular composition and size [1-3]. PAs subunits aredifferenced by their substitutions and the stereochemistry of their structures. The most commonmonomers are (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin [2].Accepted ManuscriptRecent research on the role of PAs as plant-based health-beneficial components in the human dietreported potential health beneficial effects including antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic,and anti-inflammatory activities. The healthy properties of PAs largely depend on their structureand especially on their degree of polymerization. Cos et al. [4] reported that at least monomers andsmaller oligomeric proanthocyanidins are absorbed.Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an environment-friendly technology that represents analternative to conventional extraction methods and offers several advantages over classical solventextraction methods. In fact, supercritical fluids have a high diffusivity and low density, viscosityand surface tension. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) is the most commonly used solvent in2Page 2 of 22
Page 1: Accepted ManuscriptTitle: Extractio
Page 5 and 6: where m i is the mass of particles
Page 7 and 8: R210, Buchi, Flawil, Switzerland),
Page 9 and 10: extraction of phenols are obtained
Page 11 and 12: [2] J.M. Souquet, V. Cheynier, F. B
Page 13 and 14: [26] J.H. Yoon, H. Lee, B.H. Chung
Page 16 and 17: *Highlights (for review)Highlights
Page 18: Figure(s)Figure 2.2000180016001400m
Page 22: Figure(s)Figure 4.300025002000mg GA
Page 25 and 26: Table(s)Table 1. Kinetic parameters
Page 27: Table(s)Table 3. Chemical compositi

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