The Story of Trailer and It's Actors; As a Mobile Home Case _ Nur Gülgör Thesis

22. Haller, J. & John, S. (2011). Battlefield Medicine: A
History of the Military Ambulance from the Napoleonic
Wars through World War I. Southern Illinois University
Press
performing as expected. The four-wheeled ambulance, which was Tripler
designed in 1859, provided more stable conditions for the injured and quickly
replaced two-wheeled ones on the roads, and it replaced two-wheeled ones
quickly. The interior volume could contain more litter and could carry 4 in
total. The Tripler was more successful than Coolidge and Finley’s early designs,
and the government produced hundreds of Tripler and used them in the Civil
War. 22
Figure 7: A Zouave (French North African) ambulance
crew demonstrating removal of wounded soldiers during
the American Civil War using the Howard ambulance
wagon in the USA photographed by William Frank Brown
in 1961-1965 (Source: Library of Congress) https://www.
loc.gov/pictures/item/2011660482/
U.S. Army Medical Board’s first designs were inspiring attempts
to show the potential of the wagons and then, more advanced examples
of Tripler were made. Designed under the leadership of General William S.
Rosecrans, the “Wheeling” or “Rosecrans” (ca 1861) was the most widely used
ambulance wagon through the Civil War. The advantage over Tripler is that it
is lighter and also has enough space for patients, an extra litter, a water tank,
and medical equipment. Additionally, it is simply constructed and repaired.
There were seated areas for 11-12 people in the wagon, and the seated areas
were replaced with two reclining plus 2-3 seated areas. Although Rosecrans
provided a better ride than its early trials, undeveloped wheel structures
could not tolerate minor bumps on the roads. The injured had to use both
hands to hang on to avoid falling to the ground on the road, and the situation
in the war was much worse. It was still used after the war until the 1870s.
Many models were developed after Rosecrans, and the most well-known of
these was Rucker. It had a more spacious and comfortable interior, was made
for rough terrain and long distances, and could transport four litters as well.
Constructed in 1864, The Howard had the volume to carry four litters as the
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