Organization Science - Operations Research - Informs

Volume 15, Number 1 January–February 2004 

Welcome to the New Editorial Team at Organization Science Claudia Bird Schoonhoven, University of 

California, Irvine 

Knowledge Networks as Channels and Conduits:The Effects of 

Spillovers in the Boston Biotechnology Community 

Organizing New Product Development 

Projects in Strategic Alliances 

Interteam Coordination, Project Commitment, and 

Teamwork in Multiteam R&D Projects:A Longitudinal Study 

From the Editor Linda Argote, Carnegie Mellon University 

Jason Owen-Smith, University of Michigan, 

Walter W. Powell, Stanford University 

Donald Gerwin, J. Stephen Ferris, 

Carleton University 

Martin Hoegl, Bocconi University, 

Katharina Weinkauf, Hans Georg 

Gemuenden, Technical University of Berlin 

On the Dialectics of Strategic Alliances Mark de Rond, Cambridge University, 

Hamid Bouchikhi, ESSEC Business School 

Experiential Learning Processes of Exploitation and 

Exploration Within and Between Organizations: 

An Empirical Study of Product Development 

How Organizations Change:The Role of Institutional 

Support Mechanisms in the Incorporation of 

Higher Education Visibility Strategies, 1874–1995 

On the Relationship Between Organizational 

Complexity and Organizational Structuration 

Perspective—Putting Rumors to Rest:The Impact, 

Quality, and Speed of Journal Special Issues 

Creating and Disseminating Knowledge Among 

Organizational Scholars:The Role of Special Issues 

Mikael Holmqvist, Stockholm University 

Marvin Washington, Texas Tech 

University, Marc J. Ventresca, 

University of California, Irvine 

Mihnea C. Moldoveanu, University of 

Toronto, Robert M. Bauer, Johannes 

Kepler Universitaet Linz 

Claudia Bird Schoonhoven, University of 

California, Irvine 

Paul Olk, University of Denver, 

Terri L. Griffith, Santa Clara University

❂ Learning theory: understanding the brain 

and cognition 

Teaching of 

Management 

Science 

Workshop 

Workshop Topics: 

❂ Web-based learning 

❂ Teaching with projects 

❂ Web-enabled DSS 

❂ Setting learning objectives 

❂ Getting started teaching cases 

❂ Teaching with technology 

❂ Teaching spreadsheet simulation 

Go to our website, e-mail, or call for more information: 

URL: www.informs.org/Edu/TMSWorkshop 

E-mail: informs@informs.org 

Phone: (800) 446-3676 or (410) 850-0300 

INFORMS First Annual Teaching of 

Management Science Workshop 

July 8-11, 2004, The Learning Center at Marlboro, Marlborough, Massachusetts 

Are you involved in teaching 

management science? Then don't 

miss this opportunity to hone your 

skills and learn new teaching 

methods! 

❂ Active learning 

❂ Teaching spreadsheet optimization 

❂ Case discussion practice 

❂ Teaching strategic management science 

❂ Teaching Visual Basic 

❂ Teaching spreadsheet engineering

Bank Hapoalim: "Opti-Money at Bank 

Hapoalim: A Model-Based Investment 

Decision Support System for 

Individual Customers." 

Bank Hapoalim: Mordecai Avriel, Hanna 

Pri-Zan, Ronit Meiri, and Avi Peretz. 

In 1995 Bank Hapoalim, Israel’s largest 

bank, introduced private banking units 

to help customers invest. It developed 

Opti-Money, a decision-support system 

to help customer relationship managers 

give investment advice. From 1998 to 

2002, the cumulative return for Opti- 

Money users was 32.4% for customers 

with conservative investment strategies 

and 50.6% for less risk-averse customers. 

This compares with a cumulative return 

of 15.8% on Israel’s Consumer Price 

Index and 16.7% on the Tel Aviv stock 

market. Bank annual net income directly 

attributed to Opti-Money exceeded $24 

million. 

Canadian Pacific Railway: "Perfecting 

the Scheduled Railroad: Model-Driven 

Operating Plan Development." 

Canadian Pacific Railway: Phil Ireland, 

Rod Case, John Fallis; MultiModal Applied 

Systems, Inc.: Carl Van Dyke, Jason 

Kuehn, Marc Meketon. 

North American freight railroads rely 

heavily on "tonnage-based dispatching," 

in which trains are only run when 

enough traffic has accumulated. 

Although this approach minimized 

costs, it disrupts the efficient utilization 

of crews, locomotives, and equipment. 

To win back customers, Canadian 

Pacific Railway (CPR) explored the concept 

of returning to a fixed schedule. 

CPR and MultiModal Applied Systems 

developed an operating plan that was 

tightly matched to traffic patterns. This 

included optimization of the routing 

and classification plan for each railcar 

movement and determination of which 

trains to run. Adoption of the scheduled 

railroad approach, including associated 

benefits from infrastructure and locomotive 

fleet investment and business 

process improvements, trimmed costs 

by $170 million (Can$300 million). 

Hewlett-Packard: "Accelerating the 

Profitability of Hewlett-Packard’s 

Supply Chains." 

Hewlett-Packard: Corey Billington, 

Franz Edelman Multimedia Library 

2 0 0 3 N e w R e l e a s e s 

DVD 23.01 

Menlo Worldwide Forwarding 

Bank Hapoalim 

Canadian Pacific RAilway 

DVD Prices: $59.95 each, or both for $99.95 

Go to www.informs.org/Edelman or call (410) 850-0300 to order! 

Gianpaolo Callioni, Barrett Crane, Julie 

Unruh-Rapp, Trace White; Optiant: John 

Ruark; Boston University: Sean P. 

Willems. 

The efficient frontier of a supply chain 

network represents the minimum supply 

chain cost that can be achieved for a 

given service level. In their quest for an 

efficient supply chain, business units 

within HP had been asking for tools that 

would let them perform their own supply 

chain network analysis. A standard 

and common process for analysis coupled 

with advancement in inventory 

optimization techniques enabled 

Hewlett Packard to invent a new and 

robust way to design supply chain networks. 

Over $130 million in savings has 

been realized to date. 

Menlo Worldwide Forwarding: 

"Network Routing Optimization for 

Menlo Worldwide Forwarding." 

Menlo Worldwide Forwarding: Robert C. 

Prior, Rob L. Slavens, Gerard Trimarco; 

Menlo Worldwide Technologies: Vedat 

Akgun, Edward G. Feitzinger, Chyi-Fu 

Hong. 

Menlo Worldwide Forwarding is a global 

heavyweight cargo shipping company 

for business, industry, and governments 

that moves millions of pounds of freight 

every day. When the company sought to 

improve its North American transportation 

operations, it collaborated with 

Menlo Worldwide Technologies to 

create the Forwarding Network 

Optimization System. The project team 

developed a decision-modeling tool to 

optimize the logistics network and routing 

plans, maximize utilization of the 

company’s integrated aircraft and truck 

networks, and increase the flexibility of 

routing plans to accommodate the 

dynamic and complex requirements of 

the shipment network. The company 

increased its network capacity utilization 

by 30% and reduced its operating 

cost by 21%. 

Texas Children’s Hospital: "Contract 

Optimization at Texas Children’s 

Hospital." 

Texas Children’s Hospital: Chris Born, 

Monica Carbajal, Pat Smith, Mark Wallace; 

PROS Revenue Management: Kirk Abbott, 

Surain Adyanthaya, E. Andrew Boyd, 

DVD 23.02 

Texas Children’s Hospital 

Hewlett-Packard 

UPS 

Curtis Keller, Jin Liu, Wayne New, Tom 

Rieger, Ron Woestemeyer. 

Faced with mounting financial pressure, 

Texas Children’s Hospital found its mission 

in jeopardy. Like all health care 

providers, Texas Children’s Hospital is 

faced with perpetual contract negotiations 

with insurance providers, and the 

results of these negotiations have a profound 

impact on annual financial performance. 

Fully appreciating the complexity 

of determining what makes a 

good contract requires understanding 

the many intricacies related to hospital 

operations, billing, costs, and contractual 

structures. Recognizing these complexities, 

the team’s optimization efforts 

led to clearly identifiable achievements. 

In 2002, the system for managing contract 

revenue was implemented, leading 

to contract revenue increases of nearly 

$6 million on a number of the 150 contracts 

within the managed care contract 

portfolio. 

UPS: "Planning the UPS Air Network." 

UPS Air Group: Keith A. Ware, Alysia M. 

Wilson; United States Air Force Academy: 

Andrew P. Armacost; Massachusetts 

Institute of Technology: Cynthia Barnhart. 

Known methods for solving large-scale 

network design problems were inadequate 

for planning the UPS air network. 

The primary obstacles were the complexity 

and immense size of the air operation, 

which involves over 17,000 origindestination 

flows and more than 160 aircraft 

of nine different types. Operations 

research specialists at UPS Airlines and 

MIT created a system to optimize service 

network design for express package 

delivery. The approach simultaneously 

determines minimal-cost aircraft routes, 

fleet assignments, and the allocation of 

packages to routes to ensure overnight 

delivery. UPS planners now use both 

solutions and insights generated by the 

system to create improved plans. UPS 

management credits the system with 

identifying operational changes that 

have saved over $87 million to date and 

is anticipating additional savings of $189 

million over the next ten years. The team 

anticipates that the system will yield 

future savings in hundreds of millions of 

dollars.

Organization Science publishes fundamental research about 

organizations, including their processes, structures, technologies, 

identities, capabilities, forms, and performance. Research from different 

disciplines, such as organizational behavior and theory, strategic 

management, psychology, sociology, economics, political science, 

information systems, technology management, communication, and 

cognitive science, is represented in the journal. We welcome research 

at different levels of analysis, including the organization, the groups 

or units that constitute organizations, and the networks in which 

organizations are embedded. Diverse methods and approaches are also 

welcome. Creative insight often occurs at the boundaries between 

traditional research approaches and topic areas. The editors are especially 

interested in manuscripts that break new ground rather than ones that 

make incremental contributions. In addition to the original research 

reports that are the core of the journal, we occasionally publish essays 

in our “Perspectives” section that direct attention to an important new 

organizational phenomenon or redirect a line of research. We also 

publish essays in our “Crossroads” section that capture a current debate 

about organizations. More specifically, Organization Science seeks to 

publish papers that: 

• start up or redirect a line of inquiry; 

• draw on multiple disciplines; 

• employ diverse methods, including qualitative, field, survey, archival, 

laboratory, and computational methods; 

• focus on different kinds of organizations, including firms, 

not-for-profit organizations, and voluntary organizations; 

• make a theoretical contribution; 

• provide new empirical findings; 

• achieve genuine integration of theory and data; 

• provide a theoretically driven review and integration of an important 

research area; 

• discuss findings in terms of improving organizational performance. 

In addition to publishing, Organization Science seeks to recognize and 

develop scholars and scholarship by providing high-quality and timely 

feedback and engaging exemplary scholars in the process of identifying 

and developing innovative and excellent research. 

For additional information, please visit our home page: 

http://orgsci.pubs.informs.org.

Editor-in-Chief 

Linda Argote 

Graduate School of Industrial 

Administration 

Carnegie Mellon University 

Tech and Frew Streets 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890 

argote@cmu.edu 

(412) 268-3683 fax: (412) 268-9525 

Senior Editors 

Gautam Ahuja 

University of Michigan 

(Technology and innovation, networks and 

alliances, organizational learning and 

research) 

gahuja@umich.edu 

(734) 763-1591 fax: (734) 936-8716 

Rich Burton 

Duke University 

(Organizational design, computational 

organizational modeling, computational 

organizational experiment, contengency 

theories in organizations, strategic 

implementation) 

rmb2@mail.duke.edu 

(919) 660-7847 fax: (919) 681-6245 

Deborah J. Dougherty 

Rutgers University and The State University 

of New Jersey 

(Organizing for innovation, technology 

and innovation management, new product 

development, strategic processes, knowledge 

management, qualitative methods) 

doughert@rbsmail.rutgers.edu 

(973) 353-1152 fax: (973) 352-1164 

Kimberly D. Elsbach 

University of California, Davis 

(Managerial and organizational cognition, 

perception management in organizations, 

social and organizational identity, and 

qualitative methods of inquiry in 

organizations research) 

kdelsbach@ucdavis.edu 

(530) 752-0910 fax: (530) 752-2924 

Javier Gimeno 

INSEAD 

(Business and competitive strategy, 

competitive dynamics and industry evolution, 

competitive advantage) 

javier.gimeno@insead.fr 

(33) (0)160 72 45 13 

fax: (33) (0)160 74 55 00/01 

Managing Editor 

Jennifer Kukawa 

Graduate School of Industrial 

Administration 


Tech and Frew Streets 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890 

jkukawa@andrew.cmu.edu 

(412) 268-5043 fax: (412) 268-9525 

Henrich R. Greve 

Norwegian School of Management, BI 

(Organizational learning and strategic 

change, interorganizational diffusion, 

learning, social structure, compensation, 

institutional theory, resource dependence) 

henrich.greve@bi.no 

47-6755-7000 fax: 47-6755-7250 

Terri L. Griffith 

Santa Clara University 

(Technology at the individual and group 

levels of analysis, change implementation) 

tgriffith@scu.edu 

(408) 551-6022 fax: (801) 705-2116 

Paul Ingram 

University of Toronto and Columbia 

University 

(Institutional theory, organizational ecology, 

social networks, interorganizational 

relationships) 

pi17@columbia.edu 

(416) 978-3635 

Ann Majchrzak 

University of Southern California 

(Organizational communication, information 

systems, innovation, diffusion of innovation, 

new product development, implementation of 

new technology, knowledge management and 

transfer, virtual teams) 

majchrza@usc.edu 

(213) 740-4023 fax: (213) 740-7313 

Bill McEvily 


(Trust, social networks, organizational 

capabilities, knowledge transfer) 

bmcevily@andrew.cmu.edu 

(412) 268-4198 fax: (412) 268-7064 

Editors-in-Chief Emeriti 

Arie Y. Lewin (1990–1998) 

Richard L. Daft (1990–1991) 

Claudia Bird Schoonhoven (1999–2003) 

Organization Science (ISSN 1047-7039) is published bimonthly in January, March, May, July, 

September, and November by the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, 

901Elkridge Landing Road, Suite 400, Linthicum, MD 21090. 

Submission of Manuscripts: See important instructions for authors on the OS website at 

http://orgsci.pubs.informs.org. 

Production Editor 

Molly O’Donnell 

INFORMS 

901Elkridge Landing Road, Suite 400 

Linthicum, Maryland 21090 

molly.odonnell@informs.org 

(410) 691-7820 fax: (410) 691-6095 

Greg Northcraft 

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 

(Organizational behavior, decision making, 

negotiation, high-performance HR practices, 

diversity) northcra@uiuc.edu 

(217) 333-4519 fax: (217) 333-7410 

Sim Sitkin 


(Nexus of organization theory and behavior 

(meso research); organizational control; 

institutional theory; organizational change; 

risk, learning, and trust in organizational 

settings) 

sim.sitkin@duke.edu 

(919) 660-7946 fax: (919) 681-6244 

M. Susan Taylor 

University of Maryland, College Park 

(Organizational justice, employment 

relationship, psychological contracts, 

organizational careers, HR staffing, 

appraisal, strategic HR) 

staylor@rhsmith.umd.edu 

(301) 405-2240 fax: (301) 314-8787 

Axel von Werder 

Technical University of Berlin 

(German research on management and 

organization theory, organization design, 

corporate governance) 

a.werder@ww.tu-berlin.de 

(49) 30-314-22583 fax: (49) 30-314-21609 

James Wade 

University of Wisconsin–Madison 

(Organization theory, organizational ecology, 

social movements, technological standards, 

corporate governance) 

jwade@bus.wisc.edu 

(608) 265-4939 fax: (608) 262-8773 

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to 

Organization Science, 901Elkridge Landing 

Road, Suite 400, Linthicum, MD 21090. 

Periodicals postage paid at Linthicum, 

Maryland, and additional mailing offices. 

Copyright 2004. ISSN 1047-7039. Printed in 

the United States of America.

Editorial Review Board ii 

Volume 15, Number 1 January–February 2004 

Welcome to the New Editorial Team at Organization Science 1 Claudia Bird Schoonhoven 

From the Editor 2 Linda Argote 

Knowledge Networks as Channels and Conduits: The Effects of 

Jason Owen-Smith 

Spillovers in the Boston Biotechnology Community 5 Walter W. Powell 

Organizing New Product Development 

Projects in Strategic Alliances 22 Donald Gerwin 

J. Stephen Ferris 

Interteam Coordination, Project Commitment, and 

Teamwork in Multiteam R&D Projects: A Longitudinal Study 38 Martin Hoegl 

Katharina Weinkauf 

Hans Georg Gemuenden 

On the Dialectics of Strategic Alliances 56 Mark de Rond 

Hamid Bouchikhi 

Experiential Learning Processes of Exploitation and 

Exploration Within and Between Organizations: 

An Empirical Study of Product Development 

How Organizations Change: The Role of Institutional 

Support Mechanisms in the Incorporation of 

Higher Education Visibility Strategies, 1874–1995 

70 

82 

Mikael Holmqvist 

Marvin Washington 

Marc J. Ventresca 

On the Relationship Between Organizational 

Mihnea C. Moldoveanu 

Complexity and Organizational Structuration 98 Robert M. Bauer 

Perspective—Putting Rumors to Rest: The Impact, 

Quality, and Speed of Journal Special Issues 119 Claudia Bird Schoonhoven 

Creating and Disseminating Knowledge Among 

Organizational Scholars: The Role of Special Issues 120 Paul Olk 

Terri L. Griffith 

About Authors 130 

ERRATUM: An author’s affiliation was incorrectly published on Page 633 in Organization Science, Vol. 14, No. 6, 

November–December 2003. The correct affiliation is reprinted below. 

Robert E. Cole, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; and Haas School of Business, and Department of Sociology, 

University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1900, cole@haas.berkeley.edu 

Vol. 15, No. 1, January–February 2004, p. i 

issn 1047-7039 � eissn 1526-5455 � 04 � 1501 � 000i 

Organization Science 

© 2004 INFORMS

Paul S. Adler 


Christina Ahmadjian 

Hitotsubashi University 

Paul C. Almeida 

Georgetown University 

Soon Ang 

Nanyang Technical University 

Blake E. Ashforth 

Arizona State University 

Kay Bartol 

University of Maryland 

Beth A. Bechky 


Stephen P. Borgatti 

Boston College 

Susan E. Brodt 

Queen’s University 

J. Stuart Bunderson 

Washington University in St. Louis 

Laura B. Cardinal 

Tulane University 

Glenn R. Carroll 

Stanford University 

Ming-Jer Chen 

University of Virginia 

Russell W. Coff 

Emory University 

Rob Cross 

University of Virginia 

M. Tina Dacin 

Queen’s University 

Jerker C. Denrell 


Kurt T. Dirks 


Jane E. Dutton 


Amy C. Edmondson 

Harvard University 

Robin J. Ely 

Harvard Business School 

Samer Faraj 


Martha S. Feldman 


Raghu Garud 

New York University 

Mary Ann Glynn 


Royston Greenwood 

University of Alberta 

Deborah H. Gruenfeld 


Jens Grundei 

Technical University of Berlin 

Ranjay Gulati 

Northwestern University 

Andrew B. Hargadon 


Pamela R. Haunschild 

University of Texas at Austin 

Vol. 15, No. 1, January–February 2004, p. ii 

issn 1047-7039 � eissn 1526-5455 � 04 � 1501 � 00ii 

Editorial Review Board 

Constance E. Helfat 

Dartmouth College 

Rebecca M. Henderson 

MIT Sloan School 

Pamela J. Hinds 


Herminia Ibarra 

INSEAD 

Andrew Inkpen 

Thunderbird 

Jonathan Jaffee 


Marianne Jelinek 

College of William and Mary 

Candace Jones 

Boston College 

Tarun Khanna 

Harvard Business School 

Andrew A. King 


Anne Marie Knott 

University of Pennsylvania 

Giuseppe (Joe) Labianca 


Barbara Lawrence 

University of California, Los Angeles 

Kyle Lewis 

University of Texas at Austin 

Michael Loundsbury 

Cornell University 

Tammy L. Madsen 

Santa Clara University 

David G. McKendrick 

University of Durham 

Gerry McNamara 

University of California, Riverside 

C. Chet Miller 

Wake Forest University 

Richard L. Moreland 

University of Pittsburgh 

William Ocasio 


Paul Olk 

University of Denver 

Wanda Orlikowski 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Joanne E. Oxley 


Brian T. Pentland 

Michigan State University 

Vincenzo Perrone 

Bocconi University 

Margaret A. Peteraf 


Katherine W. Phillips 


Timothy G. Pollock 


Laura Poppo 

Virginia Tech 

Michael G. Pratt 

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 

Ryan W. Quinn 


Anat Rafaeli 

Technion-Israel Institute of Technlogy 

Ray Reagans 

Columbia University 

Violina P. Rindova 


Peter W. Roberts 


Daniel Robey 

Georgia State University 

Lori Rosenkopf 

University of Pennsylvania 

Diane L. Rulke 

Royal Holloway, University of London 

Vallabh Sambamurthy 


Melissa A. Schilling 


Scott A. Shane 

Case Western Reserve University 

Gretchen M. Spreitzer 


Lee S. Sproull 


Barry M. Staw 

University of California, Berkeley 

Kathleen M. Sutcliffe 


Anand Swaminathan 


Jörg Sydow 

Free University of Berlin 

Gabriel Szulanski 

INSEAD 

Stephen B. Tallman 

University of Utah 

Raymond Thietart 

University of Paris-Dauphine and Essec 

Patricia H. Thornton 


Pamela Tolbert 

Cornell University 

Marlene E. Turner 

San Jose State University 

Ruth Wageman 


Mary J. Waller 

Tulane University 

Roberto A. Weber 


Margarethe F. Wiersema 


Elaine Yakura 


Raymond F. Zammuto 

University of Colorado at Denver 

Todd Zenger 


Organization Science 

© 2004 INFORMS

Editorial Statement of Purpose 

Organization Science publishes fundamental 

research about organizations, including their 

processes, structures, technologies, identities, 

capabilities, forms, and performance. Research 

from different disciplines, such as organizational 

behavior and theory, strategic management, 

psychology, sociology, economics, political science, 

information systems, technology management, 

communication, and cognitive science, is 

represented in the journal. We welcome research at 

different levels of analysis, including the 

organization, the groups or units that constitute 

organizations, and the networks in which 

organizations are embedded. Diverse methods and 

approaches are also welcome. Creative insight 

often occurs at the boundaries between traditional 

research approaches and topic areas. The editors 

are especially interested in manuscripts that break 

new ground rather than ones that make incremental 

contributions. In addition to the original research 

reports that are the core of the journal, we 

occasionally publish essays in our “Perspectives” 

section that direct attention to an important new 

organizational phenomenon or redirect a line of 

research. We also publish essays in our 

“Crossroads” section that capture a current debate 

about organizations. More specifically, 

Organization Science seeks to publish papers that: 

• start up or redirect a line of inquiry; 

• draw on multiple disciplines; 

• employ diverse methods, including qualitative, 

field, survey, archival, laboratory, and 

computational methods; 

• focus on different kinds of organizations, 

including firms, not-for-profit organizations, 

and voluntary organizations; 

• make a theoretical contribution; 

• provide new empirical findings; 

• achieve genuine integration of theory and data; 

• provide a theoretically driven review and 

integration of an important research area; 

• discuss findings in terms of improving 

organizational performance. 

In addition to publishing, Organization Science 

seeks to recognize and develop scholars and 

scholarship by providing high-quality and timely 

feedback and engaging exemplary scholars in the 

process of identifying and developing innovative 

and excellent research. 

Instructions for Authors 

What to Send: Please note that Organization 

Science will begin handling papers through an 

online system in 2004. Instructions below are for 

the “traditional” submission process and the new 

online submission process (more detailed 

instructions can be found on http://orgsci.pubs 

.informs.org. We are still using the traditional 

submission process and will alert you when we 

switch to the online system. Previously submitted 

materials will be handled in the established 

submission system. 

A complete, traditional (hard-copy) manuscript 

submission includes: Five (hard) copies of your 

manuscript and one disk copy (in MS Word 

compatible form or in PDF with matching source 

files); the nomination of two Senior Editors; the 

names and addresses of up to three recommended 

reviewers (nominated reviewers may not be 

coauthors, mentors, collaborators, or one’s own 

university colleagues. We will make every effort to 

obtain a review from one of the individuals you 

recommend); the statement, “I(we) affirm that my 

(our) manuscript conforms to the submission policy 

of Organization Science”; and an abstract of the 

manuscript (no more than 250 words), with key 

words. 

Send all materials to: Linda Argote, 

Editor-in-Chief, Organization Science, Graduate 

School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie 

Mellon University, Tech and Frew Streets, 

Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890. 

Please note that incomplete submissions delay 

the review process. 

A complete online manuscript submission 

includes: Copies of your manuscript with any 

identifying materials excised (names of submitting 

authors, affiliations, acknowledgments); a letter to 

the Editor, including the nomination of two Senior 

Editors; the statement, “I(we) affirm that my (our) 

manuscript conforms to the submission policy of 

Organization Science”; the names and addresses of 

up to three recommended reviewers (nominated 

reviewers may not be coauthors, mentors, 

collaborators, or one’s own university colleagues. 

We will make every effort to obtain a review 

from one of the individuals you recommend.) An 

abstract of the manuscript must be included (no 

more than 250 words) with key words in the text 

of the manuscript. You will also be asked to submit 

the abstract and key words separately online. 

Please contact Jennifer Kukawa 

(jkukawa@andrew.cmu.edu) with questions 

regarding the submission process. 

Manuscript Format: Manuscripts must be 

double-spaced, 11-point font, with 1-inch margins 

all around, and be no more than 35 pages total. 

The cover page must include the title of the 

manuscript. Page 1 of the manuscript should 

include only the title and an abstract (250 words or 

fewer). The abstract should summarize the paper, 

convey its broader implications, and be devoid of 

mathematical symbols, acronyms, citations, or 

technical jargon. 

References cited in the text should be listed 

alphabetically by author at the end of the paper, 

beginning on a separate page headed “References.” 

Refer to published Organization Science articles 

for reference style. 

Designate citations throughout the text by the 

author’s surname and the year of the reference, 

e.g., (Johnson 1993). Tables and figures should be 

numbered consecutively and should complement 

arguments presented in the text. The position of 

tables and figures should be cited in the text. 

Avoid references to unpublished works. Endnotes 

and footnotes should be avoided. If the note is 

necessary, it should be indicated in the text. 

Submission Policy: Certify that your manuscript is 

original material: is not copyrighted; has not been 

accepted for publication; has not been published by 

any refereed journal or book; and is not being 

reviewed elsewhere simultaneously. (The paper 

may be submitted to a conference at the same time 

as it is being reviewed with Organization Science.) 

If the paper has been or will be published in a 

nonrefereed publication, you must provide the 

publication details to the Editor-in-Chief when 

the manuscript is submitted to OS, so that the 

suitability of the paper for Organization Science 

can be assessed. OS requires that at least one 

author of each accepted paper sign a Copyright 

Transfer Agreement form. 

As a condition of final acceptance for publication 

in Organization Science, the author(s) must 

indicate if their paper is posted on a working paper 

website, other than their own. If so, authors are 

responsible for assuring that, if any part of their 

paper has been copyrighted for prepublication as a 

working paper, the copyright can and will be 

transferred to INFORMS when the paper has been 

accepted. This includes both print and electronic 

forms of the paper. On acceptance, the text, or any 

link to the full text, must be removed from the 

working paper site(s). 

The Review Process: Organization Science has a 

decentralized editorial structure composed of 

Senior Editors and the Editorial Review Board who 

are committed to working with authors to develop 

interesting ideas into publishable papers. 

Each Senior Editor has the autonomy to accept 

or reject a paper for publication, or to request that 

the author revise and resubmit the paper. 

Authors are invited to nominate up to three 

reviewers (with suitable expertise and no conflict of 

interest with the author or paper being reviewed). 

Organization Science will make every effort to 

select one author-nominated reviewer. 

Manuscripts are reviewed in a double-blind 

process by at least two reviewers. The Senior 

Editor integrates his or her comments with those of 

the reviewers to arrive at a decision about the 

suitability of the manuscript for publication in 

Organization Science. 

If a revision of a manuscript is invited, we urge 

the authors to resubmit the manuscript within three 

months and no later than one year from the date a 

revision is requested. 

Author Alterations: Author alterations are 

limited to those that are absolutely necessary, 

such as mistakes in equations, etc. The editorial 

management of INFORMS reserves the right to 

make only those changes that affect the accuracy of 

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