Internet Protocol - Research by Kirils Solovjovs

Finite-state machine 114
Optimization
Optimizing an FSM means finding the machine with the minimum number of states that performs the same function.
The fastest known algorithm doing this is the Hopcroft minimization algorithm. [11][12] Other techniques include
using an implication table, or the Moore reduction procedure. Additionally, acyclic FSAs can be minimized in linear
time Revuz (1992). [13]
Implementation
Hardware applications
In a digital circuit, an FSM may be built using a
programmable logic device, a programmable logic
controller, logic gates and flip flops or relays. More
specifically, a hardware implementation requires a
register to store state variables, a block of
combinational logic which determines the state
transition, and a second block of combinational logic
that determines the output of an FSM. One of the
classic hardware implementations is the Richards
controller.
Mealy and Moore machines produce logic with
Fig. 9 The circuit diagram for a 4-bit TTL counter, a type of state
machine
asynchronous output, because there is a propagation delay between the flip-flop and output. This causes slower
operating frequencies in FSM. A Mealy or Moore machine can be convertible to a FSM which output is directly
from a flip-flop, which makes the FSM run at higher frequencies. This kind of FSM is sometimes called Medvedev
FSM. [14] A counter is the simplest form of this kind of FSM.
Software applications
The following concepts are commonly used to build software applications with finite state machines:
• Automata-based programming
• Event driven FSM
• Virtual FSM (VFSM)
References
[1] Belzer, Jack; Albert George Holzman, Allen Kent (1975). Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology, Vol. 25 (http:/ / books. google.
com/ books?id=W2YLBIdeLIEC& printsec=frontcover& dq="finite+ state+ machine"& source=bl& ots=7lcYvqsRvY&
sig=19Ez1HGwvAm2HDaWYmbKDvod3Ec& hl=en& sa=X& ei=auwAUIWOFoezqQGglNGxDA& ved=0CFsQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&
q="finite state machine"& f=false). USA: CRC Press. pp. 73. ISBN 0824722752. .
[2] Koshy, Thomas (2004). Discrete Mathematics With Applications (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=90KApidK5NwC& pg=PA762&
dq=state+ machine+ turnstile& hl=en& sa=X& ei=4s70T_HtKIj1qAGr1cjbAw& ved=0CFgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage& q=state machine
turnstile& f=false). Academic Press. pp. 762. ISBN 0124211801. .
[3] Wright, David R. (2005). "Finite State Machines" (http:/ / www4. ncsu. edu/ ~drwrigh3/ docs/ courses/ csc216/ fsm-notes. pdf). CSC215
Class Notes. Prof. David R. Wright website, N. Carolina State Univ.. . Retrieved July 14, 2012.
[4] http:/ / www. stateworks. com/ technology/ TN10-Moore-Or-Mealy-Model/
[5] Tiwari, A. (2002). Formal Semantics and Analysis Methods for Simulink Stateflow Models. (http:/ / www. csl. sri. com/ users/ tiwari/ papers/
stateflow. pdf)
[6] Hamon, G. (2005). "A Denotational Semantics for Stateflow". International Conference on Embedded Software. Jersey City, NJ: ACM.
pp. 164–172. CiteSeerX: 10.1.1.89.8817 (http:/ / citeseerx. ist. psu. edu/ viewdoc/ summary?doi=10. 1. 1. 89. 8817).
[7] Harel, D. (1987). A Visual Formalism for Complex Systems. Science of Computer Programming , 231–274. (http:/ / www. fceia. unr. edu. ar/
asist/ harel01. pdf)