Internet Protocol - Research by Kirils Solovjovs

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User Datagram Protocol 64 References [1] RFC 768 p1 [2] Kurose, J. F.; Ross, K. W. (2010). Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-13-136548-3. [3] Forouzan, B.A. (2000). TCP/IP: Protocol Suite, 1st ed. New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. [4] content@ipv6.com. "UDP Protocol Overview" (http:/ / archive. is/ 20120710/ http:/ / ipv6. com/ articles/ general/ User-Datagram-Protocol. htm). Ipv6.com. Archived from the original (http:/ / ipv6. com/ articles/ general/ User-Datagram-Protocol. htm) on 2012-07-10. . Retrieved 17 August 2011. [5] Clark, M.P. (2003). Data Networks IP and the Internet, 1st ed. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [6] RFC 2675 [7] "Postel, J. (August 1980). RFC 768: User Datagram Protocol. Internet Engineering Task Force. Retrieved from" (http:/ / archive. is/ 20120722/ http:/ / tools. ietf. org/ html/ rfc768). Archived from the original (http:/ / tools. ietf. org/ html/ rfc768) on 2012-07-22. . [8] "Deering S. & Hinden R. (December 1998). RFC 2460: Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification. Internet Engineering Task Force. Retrieved from" (http:/ / archive. is/ 20120915/ http:/ / tools. ietf. org/ html/ rfc2460). Archived from the original (http:/ / tools. ietf. org/ html/ rfc2460) on 2012-09-15. . [9] RFC 768, p2 [10] "The impact of UDP on Data Applications" (http:/ / www. networkperformancedaily. com/ 2007/ 08/ whiteboard_series_nice_guys_fi. html). Networkperformancedaily.com. . Retrieved 17 August 2011. RFC references • RFC 768 – User Datagram Protocol • RFC 2460 – Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification • RFC 2675 - IPv6 Jumbograms • RFC 4113 – Management Information Base for the UDP • RFC 5405 – Unicast UDP Usage Guidelines for Application Designers External links • IANA Port Assignments (http:/ / www. iana. org/ assignments/ port-numbers) • The Trouble with UDP Scanning (PDF) (http:/ / condor. depaul. edu/ ~jkristof/ papers/ udpscanning. pdf) • Breakdown of UDP frame (http:/ / www. networksorcery. com/ enp/ protocol/ udp. htm) • UDP on MSDN Magazine Sockets and WCF (http:/ / msdn. microsoft. com/ en-us/ magazine/ cc163648. aspx) • UDP connections (http:/ / www. faqs. org/ docs/ iptables/ udpconnections. html)
Internet Control Message Protocol 65 Internet Control Message Protocol The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. It is chiefly used by the operating systems of networked computers to send error messages indicating, for example, that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached. ICMP can also be used to relay query messages. [1] It is assigned protocol number 1. [2] ICMP [3] differs from transport protocols such as TCP and UDP in that it is not typically used to exchange data between systems, nor is it regularly employed by end-user network applications (with the exception of some diagnostic tools like ping and traceroute). ICMP for Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is also known as ICMPv4. IPv6 has a similar protocol, ICMPv6. Technical details The Internet Control Message Protocol is part of the Internet Protocol Suite, as defined in RFC 792. ICMP messages are typically used for diagnostic or control purposes or generated in response to errors in IP operations (as specified in RFC 1122). ICMP errors are directed to the source IP address of the originating packet. [1] For example, every device (such as an intermediate router) forwarding an IP datagram first decrements the time to live (TTL) field in the IP header by one. If the resulting TTL is 0, the packet is discarded and an ICMP Time To Live exceeded in transit message is sent to the datagram's source address. Although ICMP messages are contained within standard IP datagrams, ICMP messages are usually processed as a special case, distinguished from normal IP processing, rather than processed as a normal sub-protocol of IP. In many cases, it is necessary to inspect the contents of the ICMP message and deliver the appropriate error message to the application that generated the original IP packet, the one that prompted the sending of the ICMP message. Many commonly used network utilities are based on ICMP messages. The tracert (traceroute), Pathping commands are implemented by transmitting UDP datagrams with specially set IP TTL header fields, and looking for ICMP Time to live exceeded in transit (above) and "Destination unreachable" messages generated in response. The related ping utility is implemented using the ICMP "Echo request" and "Echo reply" messages. ICMP segment structure Header The ICMP header starts after the IPv4 header. All ICMP packets will have an 8-byte header and variable-sized data section. The first 4 bytes of the header will be consistent. The first byte is for the ICMP type. The second byte is for the ICMP code. The third and fourth bytes are a checksum of the entire ICMP message. The contents of the remaining 4 bytes of the header will vary based on the ICMP type and code. [1] ICMP error messages contain a data section that includes the entire IP header plus the first 8 bytes of data from the IP datagram that caused the error message. The ICMP datagram is then encapsulated in a new IP datagram. [1]
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Internet Protocol - Research by Kirils Solovjovs

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