CELL BIOLOGY OF THE NEURON Polarity ... - Tavernarakis Lab

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Cell Biology of the Neuron: <strong>Polarity</strong>, Plasticity and Regeneration, Crete 2011 Structural and Biochemical Characterization of CRMPs and their Complexes Involved in the Axonal Growth and Related Disease Bernhard Lohkamp, Rajesh Ponnusamy Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. WHO has estimated that there are currently about 18 million people worldwide with AD, which is projected to nearly double by 2025. Therefore identification of new targets and understanding their intracellular mechanism is imperative. CRMPs (Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins) are cytosolic phosphoproteins strongly expressed in the developing nervous system that induce growth cone collapse. CRMPs probably play a central role in normal and pathological events in the nervous system. CRMPs have been found to be regulated in many diversified contexts, both in the developing and the mature brain. Despite their high homology, CRMPs are probably differentially regulated at the posttranslational level, which could increase the specificity. Phosphorylation of CRMP-2 is implicated in the formation of degenerating neuritis in AD. Recently, CRMP-2 and GSK-3β have been introduced as targets for the treatment of AD and nerve injury. In contrast to the rapid progress in identification and characterization of axon guidance molecules and their receptors, much remains to be explored about the intracellular mechanism by which signals are transduced into the eventual response of the growth cone. In order to understand the role of CRMPs and their interaction partner in neurodegenerative diseases and development, several variants of CRMPs and the interaction partners were cloned, the proteins expressed, and purified. Biophysical and biochemical investigations of the individual CRMPs and their complexes will be presented, together with initial structural characterization. This study may help to clarify causes of and treatments aimed at reversing AD and nerve injury. Presented by: Lohkamp, Bernhard Poster No 066 Blue Session 148
Cell Biology of the Neuron: <strong>Polarity</strong>, Plasticity and Regeneration, Crete 2011 Tracking Autophagosome Dynamics in Primary Neurons Sandra Maday, Karen Wallace, Erika Holzbaur University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation process that is particularly important in post-mitotic cells such as neurons. Inhibition of autophagy leads to neurodegeneration (Komatsu et al., 2006; Hara et al., 2006). To determine the dynamics of autophagosomes in neurons, we isolated dorsal root ganglion neurons from transgenic mice expressing the autophagosome marker GFP-LC3 and performed live-cell imaging. Autophagosomes displayed robust motility along neuronal processes, strongly biased toward the retrograde direction (82 ± 2 [± SEM] % of autophagosomes were retrograde). Autophagosomes moved at an average velocity of 0.45 ± 0.01 (± SEM) µm/sec, exhibited few reversals in direction, and paused ~10% of their journey. Disruption of dynein/dynactin function arrested autophagosome motility. These results suggest that autophagosomes are robustly transported along the neurite in a predominantly retrograde direction by the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein. This unidirectional transport of autophagosomes in the axon is distinct from the motility exhibited by other organelles such as lysosomes that predominantly move bidirectionally. To determine the maturation state of autophagosomes in the axon, we analyzed the composition of autophagosomes with regard to lysosomal markers. Our results support a model in which autophagosomes undergoing active transport along the neurite are acidified but have not yet fused with lysosomes. This model is distinct from the prevailing paradigm based on work in non-polarized cells. Our data suggest that neurons, due to their unique morphology, may have specialized pathways where the spatial and temporal dynamics of organelles may be linked to their function. Presented by: Maday, Sandra 149 Poster No 067 Red Session
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Abstracts of papers presented at th
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The meeting was funded in part by E
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These abstracts should not be cited
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CYFIP1, a Neuronal eIF4E‐BP, Link
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POSTER ABSTRACTS Poster # [‐R(ed)
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030‐B Paracrine Pax6 Activity Reg
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058‐R Dynein Light Chain LC8 is a
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088‐R Spectraplakins ‐ Cytoskel
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121‐R Calmyrin1 Binds to SCG10 Pr
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18.00 ‐ 18.15 Non Hyperpolarizing
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10.00 ‐ 10.30 Neurotrophin Regula
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SESSION 10 SYNAPTOGENESIS Chairpers
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da F. Costa, L. 119 D'Adamo, P. 108
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Lewallen, K. 145 Li, Y.‐H. 201 Li
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Teuling, E. 141 Thiebes, K. 87 Thom
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Cell Biology of the Neuron: Polarit
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Dr. Christian Alfano INSERM U636, N
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Prof. Graeme W. Davis University of
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Prof. Zhigang He Harvard Medical Sc
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Dr. Bernhard Lohkamp Karolinska Ins
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Mr. Abhishek Shrikant Sahasrabudhe
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Dr. Med. Andreas Vlachos Goethe‐U
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