RESEARCH REPORT FOR 2008, cont.

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Livari ASPRO NERO, AGIA IRINI, LIVARI: EXAMINATION AND SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTATION RESEARCH REPORT FOR 2008, cont. Due to its wide extent, until 2008 the coastal strip and plateau of Livari had not yet been surveyed in its entirety. Parts of Livari were documented in 2000: an ?EM/MM settlement at Cheromylia (SITE 36), an EM−MM I cemetery and tholos tomb at Skiadi (SITE 37), and an FN settlement at Katharades (SITE 34 and SITE 35) on high ground above and behind the coast (see Schlager et al. 2002, 192−212). This year a complete site map has been prepared, including all artificial structures (modern houses and huts, stone shelters, sheep and goat pens, threshing floors, wells, fences, field roads, heaps of accumulated field stones, grain fields and deserted fields, olive groves, beehives etc.), together with the known ancient ruins as well as a series of new ones, which have been documented in detail. Contrary to what had been suggested in the 2008 application, dividing the whole area of Livari into two sites, SITE 38 comprising any ancient structures, and an overlying SITE 39 relating to all modern features, it has now been found convenient to apply the name of SITE 38 to all structures, ancient and modern, that lie west of the gorge of Ankastara, and north of SITE 36 and SITE 37, whereas SITE 39 refers to any structures and features east of the same gorge. The confirmed ancient sites are given in the list below: SITE 38A: FN−EM II settlement with a minimum north−south extension of 75 m along the east slope of a small coastal rocky range called locally Kastrokephalaki (Καστροκεφαλ κι). SITE 38B: Roughly quadrangular rock cut feature at the peak of Kastrokephalaki with small cleft leading into the rock; perhaps a sort of hilltop shrine above and dominating SITE 38A. SITE 38C: Walled-off and partly robbed cave in the west slope of the same range opposite SITE 38A with many EM I/II pottery sherds including one fragment of fine Vasiliki ware of EM IIB. Since no bones were detected, the function of the cave as a burial place remains doubtful, compared for example to the confirmed burial cave at Kastri Goudourou SITE 41 (cf. Schlager & Dollhofer 1998). SITE 39A: This is not ancient, but a 19th century AD walled look-out post (vigla) on top of the steep cliff cape at the eastern confines of Livari. It was obviously built in a strategic position in order to control the sea below. Local inquiries drew a complete blank as to its builders: Turkish troops or Cretan andartes ? SITE 36: The published schematic plan of SITE 36 (Cheromylia) (Schlager et al. 2002, 203, fig. 16) could be supplemented with additional walls, stretches of walls, and even whole buildings, which had not been recognized as such nor documented in 2000. A new state plan of the settlement, part of which is now submerged in the sea, has been drawn. Pottery and stray finds 6
ASPRO NERO, AGIA IRINI, LIVARI: EXAMINATION AND SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTATION RESEARCH REPORT FOR 2008, cont. analyses has confirmed a date no earlier than MM. With LM pottery also present the settlement would have been in use well into the Late Bronze Age. SITE 37: More EM and later pottery was identified and recorded in and around Tholos Tomb I within the necropolis of SITE 37 (Skiadi). On topographical grounds and because of its proximity to SITE 38A, it must be seen now as the contemporary cemetery of the settlement SITE 38A − and not initially belonging to SITE 36 (Cheromylia), as assumed previously (Schlager et al. 2002, 210). The results of the 2008 campaign now show clearly the local development of settlement in the area: 1) FN settlement: Katharades, ‘Akropolis’ (SITE 35) and Katharades, ‘Bastion’ (SITE 34); 2) FN−EM II settlement: Kastrokephalaki (SITE 38A) with cult place (SITE 38B) and cave (burial?) deposit (SITE 38C); the necropolis at Skiadi (SITE 37) probably built and in use contemporaneously; 3) MM/LM settlement at Cheromylia (SITE 36); part of cemetery at Skiadi probably still in use; 4) Late Bronze Age: end of continuous settlement at Livari. Chaniotis’ suggestion that the classical/hellenistic settlement of ancient STALAI may be looked for at Livari (Chaniotis 1996, 386) could not be confirmed by artifactual evidence. 2008 achievements: New state plan of SITE 36; Additional plotting, drawing and photography of stray finds (pottery and stone artifacts) from SITE 36; Additional plotting, drawing and photography of stray finds (pottery and stone artifacts) from SITE 37; Topographical map of entire site 38; Detailed documentation of SITE 38A, SITE 38B, SITE 38C, and SITE 39A, including plotting, drawing and photography of stray finds (pottery and stone artifacts). Topographical map of entire site 39; Drawing and photography of pottery from SITE 39A; Determination and localization of local toponyms; Localization of raw material deposits in the hinterland of Livari. 7
Page 1 and 2: ASPRO NERO, AGIA IRINI, LIVARI Exam
Page 3 and 4: FRONTISPIECE Livari. Coastal range
Page 5: ASPRO NERO, AGIA IRINI, LIVARI: EXA
Page 9: Project Staff ASPRO NERO, AGIA IRIN
Page 23: Agia Irini Raw Material Deposits an
Page 38 and 39: Project Staff 2008 Back row from le
Page 40 and 41: SITE 12C Aspro Nero, Pezaridia. Roc
Page 42 and 43: SITE 38 Livari, Kastrokephalaki. Ro
Page 44: SITE 38C Livari, Kastrokephalaki. C

RESEARCH REPORT FOR 2008, cont.

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