A. Barrett, C. Rakovski R Development Core Team. (2011). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundations for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, ISBN 3-900051-07-0. 64 e-<strong>Research</strong>, Vol 2, No 2 (2011)
e-<strong>Research</strong>: A <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Undergraduate</strong> <strong>Work</strong>, Vol 2, No 2 (2011) Bernoulli Family HOME ABOUT LOG IN REGISTER SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES Home > Vol 2, No 2 (2011) > Bui The Bernoulli Family: their massive contributions to mathematics and hostility toward each other Dung (Yom) Bui, Mohamed Allali Abstract Throughout the history <strong>of</strong> mathematics, there are several individuals with significant contributions. However, if we look at the contribution <strong>of</strong> a single family in this field, the Bernoulli probably outshines others in terms <strong>of</strong> both the number <strong>of</strong> mathematicians it produced and their influence on the development <strong>of</strong> mathematics. The most outstanding three Bernoulli mathematicians are Jacob I Bernoulli (1654-1705), Johann I Bernoulli (1667-1748), and Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782), all three <strong>of</strong> whom were the most influential math experts in the academic community yet very hostile to each other. Their family structure and jealousy toward each other might have fueled their massive contributions to mathematics. Keywords: Bernoulli family, history <strong>of</strong> mathematics, Jacob Bernoulli, Johann Bernoulli, Daniel Bernoulli Introduction The Bernoulli family was originally from Holland with strong Calvinism religion. In 1567, Philip, the King <strong>of</strong> Spain, sent a large army to punish those who were opposed to Spanish rules, enforced adherence to Roman Catholicism, and re-established his authority. To avoid Spanish religious persecution, the Bernoulli fled to Basel in Switzerland, which at that time was a great commercial hub <strong>of</strong> central Europe (1-2). Initially, members <strong>of</strong> the Bernoulli family were successful traders and prospered in business. All <strong>of</strong> the Bernoulli mathematicians were descendants <strong>of</strong> Nicholas Bernoulli, a prominent merchant in the spice business in Basel. Despite the non-mathematic family traditions, later members <strong>of</strong> the Bernoulli turned out to be the most influential math experts in the academic community (5). Copyright © 2011 D. Bui, M. Allali e-<strong>Research</strong>, Vol 2, No 2 (2011) 65
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