Abecedarian Recycling - RECYCLING magazin

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No. 06 | 2007
Feature
Abecedarian Recycling
Canada‘s Battery Recovery – Page 8
Abecedarian Recycling
News
O�� R��������
McDonald’s UK trucks
to run on cooking oil
> Page 4
Feature
W���� C���
Family owned maker
of giant shredders
> Page 14
Opinion
J����� D�����
Plastic bag bans are
just a big eyewash
> Page 22

Contents
Editorial 3
News 4
Feature | Battery Recycling in Canada 8
Feature | Wendt Corp 14
Analysis | Recovered Paper 18
Opinion | Judith Dunbar 22
Data | International Markets 24
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Editorial
A Hole instead
of a System
Most Used Batteries in Canada are Disappearing Forever
Battery recycling in Switzerland is a unique affair. Consumers
pay a small recycling fee with each purchase, and used
batteries are taken back to the dealer. With the money generated
from the fee, the department of the environment has
mandated one single service agency to collect the loads,
which are then transported to the recycling facilities of a
formerly state-owned monopolist. The federal environment
agency sets the prices this company is allowed to charge. All
in all, we are talking about a government-controlled double
monopoly, which has been criticised in the past for squashing
all chances of technological development.
Why am I telling you all this? Well, for one thing, the system
is pretty old. The Swiss began to think about battery
recycling in the 1980s, and the current system has been in
effect since 1999. But what’s really impressive is the recycling
rate: 66.4 percent of all used household batteries are
recovered and recycled.
In comparison, the situation in Canada is dire. Only 3.2 percent
of batteries were recycled in 2003, and there is little
hope that this number will increase any time soon. We take
a look at a new government-funded study that has been presented
at this year’s International Congress for Battery Recycling
in Budapest (June 20-22).
At the heart of the business
Recycling has been driven by governments and metal works,
by common sense and the need to diminish waste volumes.
In recent times, it has been driven more and more
by the quest for profits and the scarcity of natural resources.
But one thing has been constant: Innovation, research
and development have always been performed by people –
dedicated individuals leading small or medium-sized businesses,
who are willing to bet their future on a new idea or
a great business concept. We would like to introduce some
of the finest and most recognized companies in the world,
and we are beginning with shredder manufacturer Wendt
Corporation from New York, founded 30 years ago and still
run by Tom Wendt. They have developed a shredder that has
been named the world’s largest by American television, and
it surely is a giant and impressive machine.
In our “Analysis” section, we document the latest recovered
paper market reports by members of the Bureau of International
Recycling (BIR) from all over the world. As always, they
provide valuable information for anyone trading or intending
to trade internationally.
Since the city of San Francisco banned the use of plastic
bags in retail earlier this year, controversy has raged over
whether this is a reasonable measure to protect the environment.
In fact, the municipal move has encouraged several
other cities and even foreign national governments to think
aloud on the topic. In our “Opinion” section, Judith Dunbar
of the American Chemistry Council’s Plastic Division sings
the praises of the plastic bag.
Yours sincerely,
Andreas Stowasser, Editor-in-Chief
3

News
v Ivory Coast’s Government Offers
Compensation to Toxic Waste Victims
ABIDJAN | Ivory Coast’s government has offered to distribute
millions of dollars in compensation to thousands of people
who were exposed to toxic waste last year. The scandal had
generated headlines around the world when it became clear
that residues from gasoline and caustic washings belonging
to the Dutch oil trader Trafigura had been dumped all
around the West African country’s economic capital Abidjan.
Trafigura agreed to pay the government US$ 198 million earlier
this year, but stressed that a local company was responsible
for the illegal open-air disposal.
The lion’s share of the settlement sum, about US$ 140.3
million, is to reimburse the government for the cost of cleaning
up the pollution and will also be used to upgrade Abidjan’s
hospitals and build a domestic refuse processing centre.
Additionally, families of the 16 people who died after
inhaling fumes from the waste were each offered US$
200,000, while up to 101,000 people who received medical
care for vomiting, diarrhoea and breathing difficulties
were to receive US$ 408.
Most victims’ groups have rejected the offer as cynical. They
are also disappointed that they were not consulted about
the pay scheme. Protesters blocked several streets in Abidjan
last week. z
v Copper Producer NA Buys Cumerio
to Form European Champion
HAMBURG / BRUSSELS |German copper producer Norddeutsche
Affinerie (NA), the world’s biggest recycler of copper,
is taking over Belgian competitor Cumerio. Together, they
have pro-forma revenues of € 9.1 billion. The takeover cre-
4
0 1 2 3 4 5
6
•PANASONIC •SAMSUNG •NOKIA
-- +
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This Guide ranks leading mobile and PC manufacturers on their global policies and
practice on eliminating harmful chemicals and on taking responsibility for their products
once they are discarded by consumers. Companies are ranked on information that is
publicly available and clarifications and communications with the companies.
greenpeace.org/electronics
•APPLE •TOSHIBA •SONY ERICSSON
•HP •FUJITSU- •DELL
•LGE • SIEMENS
7
•LENOVO
•SONY • •ACER •MOTOROLA
Greenpeace’s latest rating of electronics manufacturers
has Nokia defending the ecological
pole position.
ates the leading European integrated copper production and
processing group. NA will offer € 30 in cash for each Cumerio
share, thereby valuing the company at € 777 million. The
offer price is 29.8 percent higher than the average share
price of the three months prior to June 21. The deal also
gives NA access to several upstream projects: Cumerio is
running some smaller mines that will be continued after the
takeover. z
v Greenpeace Commends Nokia,
Apple on E-Waste Policy
AMSTERDAM |For the fourth time since August 2006, Greenpeace
has released its Guide to Greener Electronics, with
which the environmentalist group wants to get the electronics
industry to face up to the problem of e-waste. In the
company ranking, computer manufacturer Apple moves up
as a result of Steve Jobs’s “Greener Apple” pledge to phase
out PVC and other chemicals from the products. Nokia is
on top because the Finnish mobile phone giant has already
phased out PVC, and met or exceeded a wide set of benchmarks
Greenpeace had laid down to reduce the amount and
toxicity of electronic waste piling up in Asia and Africa. Dell
and Lenovo, computer companies from the USA and China,
come in just behind Nokia. At the bottom of the list are Panasonic,
LGE and Sony, who only sell some products free of
the worst chemicals and whose takeback systems are rat-
8
9
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BE FIRST
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GREEN?
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JUNE 2007
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News
ed poorly by environmentalists. Greenpeace wants manufacturers
to take responsibility for the unprotected labourers
who scavenge the mountains of cast-off gadgets created by
the Western countries. According to the organisation, many
corporations have now risen to the challenge to tackle environmental
issues. Greenpeace reports that some CEOs vie
openly for the “top green spot”, citing both Jobs and competitor
Michael Dell. z
v EU Environment Ministers Reach
Agreement on Waste Directive
LUXEMBURG | Last week, EU member states agreed on a
revision of the Waste Framework Directive of 1975. One of
the most important changes will be the reclassification of
certain incinerators as facilities for recovery rather than disposal,
the Union’s environment ministers decided. Consequently,
the most efficient facilities move up one stage in
the EU waste treatment hierarchy, which favors the prevention
of waste over the re-use of products, followed by recycling
and composting, with energy recovery by means of
incineration being the second least wanted, trailed only by
landfilling. The move is a concession to member countries
who fear massive imports of waste for incineration. However,
no new recycling targets will be introduced.
The definition of waste is also to become clearer, with new
rules for certain materials like compost and aggregates to
be considered as a product rather than a waste.
Environmental groups have already criticized the Environment
Council’s agreement as a lost chance to seriously
review and modernise the EU’s recycling legislation and
implementation. The new directive would create a decentralised
system that could threaten the integrity and quality of
the European standards. z
v Paper Recycling Professionals Get
Together in Amsterdam in October
AMSTERDAM | The European Paper Recycling Conference
and Tradeshow will be held from October 3 to 5 at the
6
Amsterdam Hilton. For the third time, this annual get-together
offers executives from European secondary paper packing,
brokerage and equipment businesses the opportunity to
discuss current industry trends and network with colleagues.
The conference, which is organized by the Recycling Today
Media Group, also features a display area featuring equipment
and service providers showcasing the latest products
and technology to improve production efficiencies and quality
and to increase capacity.
The program will cover a wide variety of issues, including mill
consumption trends, recovered paper pricing trends, international
trade and demand patterns. z
v Influential EU Advisory Group
Calls for Support of Recycling Market
BRUSSELS | In its fourth report since 2006, the EU’s High
Level Group (HLG) on Competitiveness, Energy and the Environment
stresses the importance of resource recovery from
waste. The group functions as an advisory platform, bringing
together the Commissioners for Enterprise and Industry,
Competition, Energy, and the Environment as well as all
relevant stakeholders. They are mandated to advise policy
makers in Brussels and the member states. In its newest
report, published in June, the HLG identifies more efficient
use of resources and greater use of secondary raw materials
as essential to increasing energy efficiency, in particular
for energy intensive industries (EIIs). To foster raw material
recovery, the influential group suggests improving the economic
and environmental conditions of the EU recycling and
re-use market, notably by further developing EU and international
standards for recycled materials. The experts also
call for more support of research and technological development
in the waste recycling field, with regard to long-standing
collection systems and incentives for investment. Another
important contribution would come from further harmonising
the implementation of existing EU waste legislation,
including trans-boundary shipments of end-of-life goods
and waste. z

Editorial
All 155 British McDonald’s trucks will soon
be powered with cooking oil.
v McDonald’s in the UK to Reuse
Cooking Oil to Run Company Trucks
LONDON |Recycling at McDonald’s is taking a step forward as
the company commits to running its delivery fleet on 100 percent
biodiesel, made with its own used cooking oil. Oil from around
900 McDonald’s restaurants will be combined with pure rapeseed
oil to make high-quality biodiesel to fuel McDonald’s delivery
vehicles. The carbon saving of the move will be 1,675 tonnes
annually when the national roll-out is completed – the equivalent
of removing 2,424 family cars from the road each year. Every vehicle
in the 155-strong delivery fleet will be converted to run on the
fuel, starting with half of the 45-vehicle fleet that operates from
McDonald’s Basingstoke distribution centre. Speaking ahead of
the McDonald’s sponsored conference on sustainable energy at
the Royal Show, the company’s Senior Vice President Matthew
Howe said: “We have been sending our used cooking oil for recycling
for some time, but we are delighted to now have a practical,
efficient use for it within our own business. This is a great
example of how businesses can work together to help the environment,
and is a natural complement to the work we are doing
to our delivery schedules to cut food miles and fuel consumption.”
Initially, the biodiesel used will be made from 85 percent used
cooking oil, collected from McDonald’s restaurants, and 15 percent
pure rapeseed oil. z
v Access Energy to Construct
Waste-to-Energy Plant in Nigeria
ANAMBRA, NIGERIA |The state government of Anambra, Nigeria
has concluded plans with Access Energy of Canada to build
a waste-to-energy conversion plant in Obosi. When completed,
the plant is to generate over 6,500 kilowatts of electricity from
2,000 tonnes of waste daily. Speaking at the National Environment
Day in Awka, the state commissioner of the environment,
Ifedi Okwenna, also announced the purchase of waste management
equipment worth 150 million Naira, as the “Daily Champion”
from Lagos reports. According to Okwenna, the waste management
equipment procured by the state government would ensure
improvement in overall sanitation, adding that the state was
under obligation to provide 2,000 tonnes of waste to the electricity
plant for the next 20 years. He said that all the unauthorized
waste dumps in the state would be converted to recreation
centres, as contractors hired to keep waste out of the state have
been mandated to enforce the agreement or lose their contracts.
Under the agreement establishing the waste-to-energy plant,
Okwenna said that Access Energy of Canada would provide 80
percent of the investment fund, while the state government provides
5 percent and the investing public would contribute 15 percent.
He challenged all stakeholders to get involved in promoting
a clean and sustainable environment in the state, to imbibe proper
values, norms and ethos for clean environment and to make
the promotion of clean environment their daily habit. z
7

Feature | Battery Recycling
Abecedarian Recycling
In Canada, an Efficient System to Deal with
Used Batteries Has yet to Develop
From the European point of view, battery recycling in
Canada is lagging, to say the least. Whereas the Euro-
pean Union has stipulated recovery rates of 45 percent
for 2016, with some countries already exceeding require-
ments, Environment Canada determined the 2003 domes-
tic value to be 3.2 percent. This, of course, is an uncom-
fortable situation for the whole epartment, which is why
they launched an assessment study of battery recycling,
based on which the recycling rate shall be increased.
Batteries represent only a small percentage of total Cana-
dian municipal solid waste. In 2004, total waste genera-
tion was 33.15 million tonnes, of which 7.86 million tonnes
were recycled. For a very long time, batteries have not been
an issue. Up until 1997, there actually had not been any
recycling to speak of at all. It was not until pressure in the
United States had led to the creation of a voluntary recy-
cling system by the industry that things started to move in
the neighbouring country.
Similar to all federally organized nations, environmental gov-
ernance in Canada is shared among the national, regional
and local levels. This becomes clear when dealing with used
batteries. The federal authority is the ministry of the environment,
which is called Environment Canada. Among many
other things, it is responsible for the execution of the regulations
concerning export and import of hazardous waste
and hazardous recyclables. Where toxic substances are concerned,
the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA)
of 1999 is the measure. Its “Schedule 1” lists the most dan-
8
gerous substances, like mercury, lead, cadmium or polybrominated
diphenyl ether. Naturally, Environment Canada also
seeks to fulfil international agreements like the Basel Convention,
United Nations protocols or bilateral agreements
with the USA.
Provincial authorities are responsible for the certification of
disposal facilities, but also regulate non-hazardous wastes,
hazardous waste facilities, and movement of wastes within
the province. The Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
regulations for wastes are also allocated to the provinces.
At the ground level, it is the municipal authorities that are
responsible for curbside waste collection, disposal and recycling.
They also design and implement household hazardous
waste programmes.
Recovery system is a late bloomer
Batteries have historically been viewed as a municipal sol-
id waste issue in Canada, and have therefore always been
acceptable for disposal. So, while European countries
launched special takeback systems in the 1980s, Canadians
went on throwing their batteries in the garbage. Movements
of larger quantities were controlled under federal or
provincial regulations. International agreements also raised
awareness that an environmentally sound end-of-life management
process was something desirable.
During the first half of the 1990s, the industry in the USA
gave in to political and public pressure for better cadmium
management. In 1995, the voluntary Rechargeable Battery
Recycling Corporation (RBRC) was established. Two years

25
20
15
10
5
0
in thousand metric tonnes, source: Environment Canada Baseline Study
primary
secondary
2004 2010 2004 2010 2004 2010
SALES DISPOSAL RECYCLING
after that, a comparable program was launched in Canada
with the support of Environment Canada and the provinc-
es, who changed some regulations and interpretations to
facilitate retail collection and shipping. The RBRC of Cana-
da is a non-profit public service organisation founded by the
rechargeable power industry. Its main purpose is to implement,
manage and consult on recycling programs. RBRC is
funded through the licensing of the RBRC Battery Recycling
Seal to industry members. Currently, there are more than
300 RBRC Licensees.
Municipal and provincial engagement
During the 1980s, many municipalities started operating
household hazardous waste (HHW) depots, which accept
segregated batteries for special waste disposal. Some provinces
have recently identified batteries as products of concern
and candidates for Extended Producer Responsibility
(EPR) approaches. For example, the Ontario Municipal
Hazardous or Special Waste (MHSW) designation under the
Waste Diversion Act of December 2006 stipulates producer
responsibility; collection is shared with municipalities. In
Manitoba, consultations on EPR for electronics and HHW
are underway. Rechargeable and zinc-carbon batteries have
already been identified for the EPR approach.
Now is the time to act
However, the federal authority has determined that further
action will be necessary. There is rapid development in the
market for portable power, associated with the growth of the
electronics industry, particularly in the last five years. Serious
concerns about the quantities of heavy metals and other
substances of concern used in batteries have arisen in Otta-
Environment Canada projects battery
recycling to almost double until 2010; the
recycling rate is however staying very low
compared to other countries.
9

Feature | Battery Recycling
Batteries could be included
into Extended Producer
Responsibility programs
for electronics, which have
already been introduced in
some provinces.
wa. Environment Canada feels the need to identify environ-
mental risks from the disposal of batteries and plan appropriate
risk management responses. They have a strong interest
in the successful legislated initiatives in Europe, where
documented battery collection and recycling rates are state
of the art.
The growth of provincial waste electronic and electrical
equipment (WEEE) programs is also relevant, as all WEEE
programs with an EPR approach will have to address the
issue of battery management. Information on quantities and
environmental and occupational health and safety risks is
needed.
Study reveals the current situation
In April 2007, Environment Canada published the Canadian
Consumer Battery Baseline Study, which addresses a variety
of issues related to batteries. When it was commissioned
in 2005, its objectives were to estimate the numbers and
cumulative weights of consumer and household batteries in
the past, present and future, as well as the quantities and
weights sold, re-used, stored, recycled, and disposed of annually.
A special focus was to be put on those batteries that contain
toxic substances scheduled under CEPA. To sum it all up,
the risk management strategies used for batteries should be
reviewed. This is the first time that batteries in Canada have
been reviewed in a comprehensive way.
10
Graphic: Environment Canada
The study reviews popular consumer and household batteries
like AAs, AAAs or Cs as well as button cell and miniature batteries.
Proprietary batteries used in cell phones, power tools,
cameras, etc. were also included. In the case of automotive
batteries, the existing data suggested that market-driven recycling
was already sufficient; they were therefore left out. The
researchers used sales data from analysts as well as published
battery-related reports as a foundation, and surveyed
selected manufacturers to identify data sources, confirm
assumptions made, and explore future trends.
Secondary battery share likely to grow
Based on their data input, the researchers assume a lifespan
of three years for primary batteries, with 30 percent of them
hoarded by consumers for five years or more. The lifespan of
secondary batteries varies from five years in the case of nickel
cadmium to seven years for nickel metal hydride. 60 percent
of the batteries in this group are hoarded five years or longer.
Based on data provided by the RBRC, an annual growth of
the recycling rate of rechargeable batteries of 16.7 percent
is expected. Currently, the market share for primary batteries
is still 72.4 percent, but it is expected to shift towards secondary
batteries as the market for nickel metal hydride and
lithium expands. Disposal quantities are growing as the market
for portable power becomes ever bigger. Alkaline batteries
continue to make up the largest volume of disposal.

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Feature | Battery Recycling
Strong environmental concerns
As for the recycling rate, it is still very weak, but the research-
ers think it will improve a little by 2010. In 2004, only 323 of
the 11,300 tonnes of discarded batteries had been recycled.
For 2010, the study expects a doubling of the mass recy-
cled, while total weight discarded will only increase to about
15,300 tonnes (see table).
The baseline study also estimates the aggregate quantities
of elements and compounds present in batteries. Cadmi-
um, mercury, lead and nickel compounds are included in the
CEPA’s Schedule 1 listing of toxic substances, and are con-
sidered to represent potential concerns for humans and the
environment. Soil, water and drinking water guidelines have
been established for several of the substances of concern. options under consideration:
The quantities disposed of in 2004 from all batteries are sur- – an Environmental Performance Agreement (EPA), a volunprisingly
high: There were 766 tonnes of lead, 400 kilos of tary agreement of potentially wide scope that is not limited to
mercury, 235 tonnes of cadmium and 386 tonnes of nickel. Schedule 1 toxic substances
– Part 4 of the CEPA, the Pollution Prevention Planning Notice,
would require manufacturers and importers of batteries to
produce a stewardship plan for batteries containing designat-
action to improve recycling must be taken. The disposal of ed Schedule 1 substances
batteries presents a risk of release to the environment of – CEPA Section 93, concerning the Extended Producer Respon-
CEPA Schedule 1 toxic substances. The increasing market sibility takeback regulation, would focus on chemistries con-
share for rechargeable chemistries may mean an increase in taining Schedule 1 toxic substances; this way, targets, perform-
use and disposal of substances of concern. Recycling rates ance measurement and reporting protocols would be includ-
are very low and recycling programs are not performing well ed. “We are concerned that large amounts of products con-
enough to manage the risks from the toxic substances of taining toxic substances are thrown out in our landfills every
concern.
day,” said the Honourable John Baird, Minister of the Environ-
The deficiencies are plain to see
The baseline study has made abundantly clear that further
Disposed batteries
are containing
alarming quantities
of toxic
substances.
12
To counter the environmental and health risks associated with
this, the authorities need to develop several elements. According
to the study, a system for tracking battery sales over the
long term is needed. Moreover, a reliable and understandable
performance measurement and reporting protocol needs
to be developed. In any case, the approach to batteries must
be combined with approaches to electronics and electrical
equipment, and mercury containing products. Provinces and
the industry should be consulted, actions should be aligned.
As two provinces – Ontario and Manitoba – have already identified
batteries as candidates for producer responsibility EPR
regulations, this seems to be a promising direction. Meanwhile,
Environment Canada has several risk management
pixelio.de

ment, when the baseline study was released. “The results of
the Study will help Environment Canada challenge the battery
industry to improve the recovery and recycling of batteries.”
A Chemicals Management Plan was created in September
2006, following the categorization of 23,000 substances
in commerce. Manganese, lithium and silver, which are
used in some primary batteries, have been categorized as
low-to-medium priority substances requiring future screening
assessment. In December 2006, the Mercury Containing
Products Strategy was released. Consideration is being given
to regulating mercury, which still appears in some batteries
that do not meet the voluntary North American industry
standard. The minister also keeps in mind the EPR risk management
option.
Environment Canada shows itself to be committed to reducing
the release of chemical substances that pose a risk to
human health and the environment. The department has
announced further action that will focus on battery chemistries
which use CEPA Schedule 1 toxic substances. Imports
of mercury containing batteries will be addressed through
the Mercury Containing Products Strategy.
Moreover, risk management options will be reviewed and
discussed with the battery industry; performance measurement
and reporting will be key elements of whatever option
is adopted. Both primary and secondary batteries will likely
continue to be addressed by provinces as part of their designation
of electronics and HHW for EPR programs. Operational
and planned EPR programs for electronics will segregate
batteries and increase recovery rates. v chy
based on a presentation by Duncan Bury, Head of Product
Policy at Environment Canada‘s National Office of Pollution
Prevention
13

Feature | Wendt Corp
A Class of its Own
Wendt Corp from New York State is Widely Recognized
for Manufacturing Excellent Automobile Shredders
It has been 30 years since Thomas A. Wendt founded was increased by resizing the swing circumference. Both disc
Wendt Corporation in Tonawanda, New York. Back in those and spider rotors can be accommodated, while using either
days they serviced balers and shears, but the founder had a bolt-in anvil or a slide-in cutter/spreader bar. “Our shred-
a vision of something bigger. Today, Wendt employs more ders are built to steel mill duty standards”, says Tom Jr. “You
than 80 people and has become a well-regarded manufac- won’t find more robust and reliable machines on the market.”
turer of shredders – and one of the few companies that The flagship of the new series is the 130 Heavy Shredder,
can claim to have set up the world’s greatest shredder. which has recently been featured on television as the world’s
largest automobile shredder, making its appearance in the
Wendt is proud to be the only family-owned shredder manu- “Modern Marvels” series on The History Channel. With 1,255facturer
in the US that has not changed ownership during its pound hammers and a 130-inch hammer swing, it offered
existence. And it does not look like this is going to change more striking force than any other shredder available in the
any time soon. Currently Wendt’s son, Tom Jr., serves as
executive vice president of the company and oversees all of
the day-to-day operations. Tom Sr. serves as CEO and president,
and remains involved with major decisions and longterm
strategic planning, content with knowing that the legal
order of succession is already worked out.
Today, the company has a product line of automobile shredders,
support equipment and services. The machines are
highly specialised and purpose-built, intended to offer complete
solutions for customers. In 2004, the company introduced
a whole new series of shredders. Building on the
experience of seven 120 x 104 shredder installations, they
had developed their “Heavy” series, aiming to set new standards
in the industry. These machines are built with interlocking
fabrication and fully bevelled welds to minimize stress
concentration and fatigue. To improve product flow, the rotor
construction was widened, and the hammers’ striking force
14

industry. The giant has a mouth that measures 115 inches
from wall to wall. Wendt says that the 130 Heavy was capable
of processing scrap at a continuous rate of up to 400
ferrous tons per hour, depending on feedstock and horsepower.
It has been installed seven times since its introduction,
including two units at steel mills and one more directly
servicing a steel mill. One has even gone abroad. The 130
Heavy has two smaller brothers, possessing 106- and 84inch
hammer swings.
State-of-the-art separation technology
Wendt also offers downstream equipment and is working
together with other companies.
Electro-agitating scrap drums are provided with multiple
alternating magnetic coils to flip the material. Entrapped
waste and magnetic dirt carried by the drums is separated
by the “Z-box Air System”. Process air is fully recirculated to
prevent airborne particulate from escaping.
After the eddy current, valuable material that has been
missed – like stainless steel – can be recovered with the
“Finder”, another Wendt installation. The Manufacturer says
that non-ferrous particles as small as 1/8 of an inch can
be detected and recovered. Mark Ridall, a Wendt sales representative,
is telling tales of success. He remembers Commercial
Metals Company in Lexington, South Carolina, being
enthusiastic about “Finder”, Wendt’s standard metal recovery
technology. “CMC was evaluating the installation of a
large heavy media plant to support their seven shredders,”
he recounts. “When we introduced the Finder separator, they
determined that the large, costly wet heavy media plant was
no longer required and installed our compact, cost-effective
dry separator instead.” According to Ridall, CMC had originally
purchased one machine for a reclamation project from
its own landfill. However, this plant also became direct support
to their nearby shredder to mine waste prior to landfilling.
“As a result CMC’s recoveries increased from an average
of 75 pounds of non-ferrous metals per shredded ton of
ferrous to 110 pounds.” After running for three months they
ordered a new Finder to run on line with their shredder. CMC
has since bought a total of eight Finders for use at other
facilities.
When it comes to sensor sorting, Wendt is trusting Commo-
DaS from Hamburg, Germany. Together, the two companies
have introduced the “X-tract” separator, which, with the aid
The most recent Wendt installation is the
shredder plant at PSC Metals in
Canton, Ohio.
15

Feature | Wendt Corp
of x-ray density analysis, can sort out residues from the eddy
current separators into a “furnace ready” secondary aluminium
grade and a premium grade heavy metal product.
Processing Equipment by K. A. Wing
Wendt has spent a lot of time developing the heart of all
shredders, the rotor. Today, they manufacture spider and
disc rotors customary for all brands and sizes of automobile
shredders. All rotors are constructed with a heavy interference
fit and precision machined keys to lock the spiders or
discs to the main rotor shaft in order to maximize stiffness
and increase rotor life. According to the company, they have
a lifespan of more than 1.5 million ferrous tons. Wendt’s spider
rotors have an open four-arm design to better tolerate
“unshreddables”. All spiders and end discs are fully capped
The huge nonferrous plant
from Sturgis Iron & Metal in
Elkhart, Indiana, featuring a
Wendt Heavy 130 shredder.
16
Thomas A. Wendt
and his son
Tom Wendt Jr.
to protect the spider arms from impact and abrasion. And
because of the layback hammer design, longer hammers
can be used to increase the hammer circle and maintain
clearance between hammers and grates as they wear.
The K. A. Wing Group from Great Britain provided some
processing technology for Wendt’s shredder plants. All major
operations, from the infeed to the downstream treatment,
are controlled by a computer programme, thereby eliminating
much of the manual work, and at the same time, optimizing
the material flow. Water injection, which is critical
This installation was featured
on television as the
world’s largest shredder.

to the safe performance and environmental compliance of
shredder operations, is also computer-controlled. Steam is
generated within the shredder to reduce emissions of dust
and smoke. The airborne particles are entrapped and precipitated
back to the scrap to be cleaned in the separation
system. Steam also displaces air within the shredder, thereby
reducing the intensity of explosions and the possibility of
sustained burning.
Another part from K. A. Wing is the high resolution infrared
camera with which the whole process is supervised. It allows
the operator to clearly see material as it enters the feed
roll area – regardless of excessive steam, shadows or darkness.
Originally developed for military intelligence, the high
resolution black and white camera provides images that are,
according to Wendt, far clearer than the multicolour thermal
w�������� i����������
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No. 05 | 2007
Montage: archive, pixelio.de
Save up to
Feature
China‘s China‘s E-Waste E-Waste Plague Plague
20%!
– And How It Can Be Combatted – Page 8
News
C��� Z�����
Chinese entrepreneur
goes public in Germany
> Page 4
Faces
M����� A�����
LME‘s chief executive
on the new steel futures
> Page 16
Opinion
J�� V��������
Efficient post-shredder
separation of ELV glass
> Page 20
cameras that have previously been used in the shredding
industry.
Heading for new challenges
As far as future projects are concerned, Wendt does not
expect to run out of work any time soon. They are involved with
most of the largest processors in the United States, like Omni-
Source, and Metal Management, where a multitude of projects
are constantly advanced. They also focus on the small, independent
operators that require extra time and attention, figuring
that this is a “unique sales point” Wendt provides. And the
future may well lie beyond the United States’ borders: Wendt
recently sold a shredder to a company in Brazil and some
tire equipment to Great Britain. Currently they are working on
projects in Asia, Central and South America. v chy
Connect with
your global audience
through
Be sure to contact Jürgen Pfi ster and do not miss out on this great
opportunity to save up to 20% on your advertising fees if you take
an advert before 30th June, 2007
Reed Business Information GmbH,
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T: +49 (0) 89/898 17-325
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E: jp@rbi.de
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E: denise@cezannesales.com

Analysis | Recovered Paper
Paper Streams from
Europe to Asia
BIR Members from around the world share their views
of the current developments
The prices for recovered paper have been dropping in the
United States and in Asia at the beginning of the second
quarter, with first signs of a recovery in the US. The situa-
tion in Europe is different: Strong Asian demand is caus-
ing a lack of paper all over the continent, pushing prices
and diminishing stocks.
In this section, we take a look at the current shape of the
recovered paper market worldwide. The contributors come
from across the globe and give us an insight into the current
situation in their countries and regions. All the contributors
are members of the renowned Bureau of International Recy-
cling and regularly contribute to the BIR World Mirror news-
letter, from which these opinions are extracted. Further infor-
mation about the BIR can be found at http://www.bir.org.
Turkey
by Ekrem Demircioglu, Dönkasan AS
Having recorded constant increases until the end of 2006,
prices of A4 and A5 stabilised in January and February of
this year, and then went into decline in more recent months.
However, the second quarter of this year produced slight
price increases for ONP and A2. Prices of the high grades
began to improve towards the end of March and have been
increasing ever since.
OCC prices are expected to fall during the summer, whereas
ONP, A2 and the high grades are thought likely to remain stable
over the same period. Paper and board mills are holding
18
around 45 days’ worth of recovered paper stocks. Small volumes
of ONP are being imported from Greece.
Asia/Pacific Rim
by Ranjit Baxi, J&H Sales International Ltd.
Increased export price volatility has resulted from the difficulty
in satisfactorily balancing steady fibre supply with the
continued growth in fibre demand for exports to Asia and
an equally strong domestic European market. The weakening
US dollar has further increased pressure on exports.
The second quarter of 2007 began with a price correction,
with US OCC moving down from over US$ 200 per tonne
to US$ 170-175 and European OCC price levels dropping
from more than US$ 170 to around US$ 150 per ton. With
stronger demand both from domestic and export markets,
lower price levels once again could not be sustained. This
resulted in price increases by mid-May to the levels attained
in the first quarter of around US$ 200 per ton for US OCC
and over US$ 170 for European OCC.
Chinese imports of recovered fibre are likely to exceed 24
million tonnes in 2007, of which the USA is projected to
supply around 10.7 million tonnes – equivalent to more than
205,000 tonnes per week – while Europe is expected to provide
some 7.8 million tonnes, or 150,000 tonnes a week.
Besides China, there has been stable fibre demand from
other Asian countries such as Indonesia, Thailand, India and
South Korea during the second quarter.
Freight rates have been stable so far in 2007, with contin-

Editorial
ued adjustments both for the change in the oil price – known
as the bunker adjustment factor (BAF) – and for currency
changes such as the continued weakness of the US dollar,
which has forced export prices higher and made exports difficult
to sustain.
In the third quarter, it will become apparent how new EU
Waste Shipment Regulations – due to come into force on July
12 – will affect July shipments due to delayed ratification by
some importing countries. Once the requirements of the regulations’
Article 37 are satisfied, then all control procedures
for transporting waste within, into and out of the EU will have
been fulfilled. Fibre exports will continue to grow thereafter.
United States
by Michael Moulton, Koch Pulp and Paper Trading LLC
OCC 11 prices in the US Midwest (at the shippers’ door)
moved from US$ 130 per ton in March this year to US$ 100
during May. However, the market seems to be turning north
again as Asian buyers and US containerboard mills build
OCC inventories ahead of the July 4 holiday weekend.
ONP 8 prices have been flat in the US$ 90-100 per short
ton range in the US Midwest (at the shippers’ door). Demand
for finished newsprint fell 12 percent during the first quarter
of this year. That said, ONP consumption has been very stable
in North America and there has been increasing demand
from Asia.
Czech Republic
by Jaroslav Dobes, SPDS-Aporeko
There has been a significant improvement in the recovered
paper market, with domestic mills forced to follow price
developments on the wider European market. Across Europe,
there is a general lack of recovered paper caused by, among
other factors, increasing demand from Asia. Traditionally
a period of lower collection activity, the summer should
confirm the current price trend and the ease of trading all
grades and qualities.
Finland
by Merja Helander, Paperinkeräys Oy
The domestic recovered paper market witnessed shortages
of OCC as well as wood-containing and woodfree grades
during the second quarter of 2007. This trend appears set to
persist into the third quarter, owing to the strength of mills’
recovered paper consumption. However, the biggest grade –
news & pams – is in balance. Mill and merchant stocks are
low throughout the country, and prices appear set to trend
upwards over the summer months.
The strong Finnish economy is stimulating paper consumption
and, consequently, collection volumes. Increasing volumes
are needed to cover high demand both in the newsprint
and core board industries. At present, there is a need
for imports of woodfree and OCC; exports have continued,
19

Analysis | Recovered Paper
but at a lower level than over the last two years. For years,
the Finnish market has been something of an island in the
far north of Europe, but gradually, factors such as strong
demand from Asia are affecting this country too.
Italy
by Giuseppe Masotina, Masotina SpA
Since the beginning of the year, the domestic market has followed
wider European trends in witnessing continuously rising
prices, especially for the lower and deinking grades. This
situation was influenced by Asia, which today is the major
driver of the world market. Meanwhile, the arrival of new foreign
brokers with mill connections has led to an unwanted
loss of control within the domestic market.
At present, mill inventories of the A2-A4 and A5 grades stand
at 10-15 days, whereas stocks among collectors are negligible;
price increases are expected for July. The middle and
high grades are experiencing price increases on the back of
a rising US market. Overall, recovered paper prices appear
likely to stabilise over the course of the next quarter. Meanwhile,
after five years of a leveling-off within the packaging
sector, mills are now reaping satisfactory returns.
Germany
by Reinhold Schmidt, Recycling Karla Schmidt
In June, all domestic paper producers were working at top
speed and demand for recovered paper was therefore
extremely good. Export demand from Asia was high and prices
for spot lots returned to their earlier peaks. Domestic
prices were almost unchanged, although paper mills could
not hide their increasing nervousness. Stocks are extremely
low and it has not been possible to build reserves for the
holiday months.
As for earlier in the second quarter, the recovered paper
market in April was characterised by stability at a high level.
Demand for recovered paper from the domestic market and
from both near and distant overseas buyers was certainly no
20
smaller than in March. The large volume of recovered paper
collected was just enough to cover the enormous demand
for lower grades. Deinking grades were unchallenged at the
top of the popularity scale, with distributors holding almost
no stock. Prices in April remained broadly similar to those
of March, with the exception of a reduction for export spot
lots – notably for OCC. May was marked by a continuation
of these solid recovered paper market conditions. The fundamentals
of good supply, high domestic/foreign demand
and relatively stable prices remained unchanged. Holidays
made supply logistics more difficult, given that paper mills
required their raw material supplies to be delivered in four
working days rather than the usual five. At the same time,
there was relief in some regions as a result of, for example,
paper machine repairs. There was no increase in industry or
sorting plant stocks.
Spain
by Francisco J. Donoso, Repacar
The second quarter began with domestic prices some Euro 5-
15 per ton higher than export levels for most grades. In June,
Asian importers introduced a price increase to close the gap
to domestic levels, which in turn boosted export activity and
strengthened home demand. The rebuilding of mill stocks
has become difficult, despite the efforts of some producers
to boost imports of the deinking and bulk grades. It seems
this situation could last throughout the summer. Stock levels
are very low, not only in Spain but also in neighbouring
countries. The availability of lorries for imports is limited during
the summer because most are tied up with the citrus fruit
market; demand is high and prices are going up. These conditions
are partly a consequence of massive exports in the
early months: overseas shipments increased 60 percent to
139,000 tonnes in the first quarter compared to 86,000 in
the final quarter 2006. This increase in exports was a direct
result of Asian prices being higher than those on the domestic
market, which did not start their ascent until March.

Editorial
The Netherlands
by Jacob Cats, Huhtamaki Paper Recycling
To an increasing extent, there is no longer a typical Dutch market,
but rather a north-west European market, in which prices
are influenced in part by distances to the main exporting
ports.
Driven by China, prices went up strongly during the second
quarter of 2007, and a large volume of spot lots changed
hands over this period. Also, a number of bank holidays and
transportation difficulties led to an overheated market. In
mid-May, there was a drop in the export price of OCC but the
domestic market easily consumed the tonnage at good prices.
Recent weeks have brought an improvement in OCC export
prices. Mixed and, most particularly, deinking material are
experiencing strong demand both locally and for export. A
lack of wood is increasing the upward price pressure on the
higher grades. Overall, collector and mill stocks are low at the
start of Europe’s holiday season.
Sweden
by Markus Ocklind, I L Recycling
Total domestic consumption of recovered paper fell 4 percent
to 500,000 tonnes during the first quarter of this year,
mainly as a result of the closure of Smurfit Kappa’s Timsfors
Lagamill in November last year. Total collection increased
4 percent to 411,000 tonnes, with both OCC and news &
pams rising 3 percent to, respectively, 132,000 tonnes and
171,000 tonnes. Total exports jumped 62 percent to 65,000
tonnes, with the OCC total surging 56 percent to 18,000
tonnes. Imports fell 6 percent to 156,000 tonnes. Prices of
OCC and clippings remained unchanged in June.
Domestic kraftliner mills are currently producing at full
capacity and domestic demand is greater than normal. The
Pressretur producer responsibility company controls the collection
of news and pams from households. All other grades,
such as unsold newspapers and magazines, are sold either
to Swedish newsprint mills or for export at international
prices. Exports of these grades grew 12 percent to 11,000
tonnes during the first quarter of this year compared with
the same period in 2006. Figures are expected to show that
overseas shipments of unsold news and pams increased
even more during May and June, owing to the much higher
prices available in Germany when compared to domestic
levels.
United Kingdom
by David Symmers, Independent Waste Paper Processors Ass.
During the first six months of this year, demand from domestic
mills has been steady, whereas demand from export markets
has been strong. Overall supply is insufficient to meet
this combined demand, adding further to the price pressure
caused by the export pull.
Supply of woodfree deinking grades is particularly short,
and the increasing demand from India for these qualities
has caused prices in this sector to rise strongly, with further
increases expected for July. Although export prices of mixed
papers and OCC fell Euro 5 per ton at the beginning May,
prices of both these grades recovered before the end of the
month and continued to increase through June and into July.
Export prices of news & pams held firm through May but
then increased at the end of June.
The trend towards increasing prices is expected to continue
throughout the summer months – when supply is traditionally
difficult – but might slow going into the fourth quarter.
After all the depressing UK mill closure announcements of
recent years, there has been encouraging news that Palm
Paper intends to construct a new newsprint mill at Kings
Lynn, Norfolk; and Aylesford Newsprint is also considering
an additional newsprint machine at its plant in Kent. Both
these announcements come on top of the longer-running
Ecco Newsprint project proposal for the north of England.
Although it is improbable that all three mills will be built, any
new investment in the depleted UK paper and board industry
would be welcome.
21

Opinion | Judith Dunbar
Plastic Bags
under Attack
Bans by Municipalities are Really Just a Big Eyewash
Judith Dunbar is Director of Environmental & Technical
Issues for the American Chemistry Council’s Plastic Division
in Arlington, Virginia. She addresses issues pertaining
to plastics packaging and implements plastics recycling
programs nationwide.
The recent plastic bag legislation in San Francisco has
spawned an intense discussion in cities across the United
States. Issues addressing both the recyclability of plastic
bags and their contribution to litter are being debated by
local and state governments. How do we sort fact from fiction?
What are the environmental and economic benefits of
plastic shopping bags and why are they dispensed so widely
at the retail level? Are plastic bags recyclable, and are they
a significant portion of the municipal waste stream?
Today’s polyethylene plastic shopping bag is a sourcereduced
modern marvel of engineering. A single bag weighs
approximately 7-8 grams; however, it can hold up to 50
pounds of product – almost 3,000 times its own weight!
Grocers and retailers provide plastic bags because they
are strong, inexpensive, require less storage space, and
are resource efficient. Like most polyethylene film, the plastic
bag is a more energy efficient choice throughout its life
cycle than alternative products, according to U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and European studies, producing
between 60 and 79 percent less greenhouse gas emissions
than uncomposted or composted paper bags, respectively.
Because they are thin and lightweight, only one truck is
22
required to transport the same number of plastic bags as
seven trucks of paper bags (even taking into account that
plastic bags hold one-third less volume). Production of plastic
bags uses less than four percent of the water required to
produce paper bags.
In addition to these efficiencies, plastic bags are also highly
recyclable. Currently, in the U.S., plastic bags are recycled
predominantly through the nationwide grocery and retail
system, where they are consolidated with stores’ stretch film
(pallet wrap) and recycled via a well-established recycling
infrastructure. Manufacturers convert bags and film into various
composite lumber products, pallets and in some cases –
new bags. In 2005, over 700 million pounds of plastic bags
and film were recycled and this growth is expected to continue
in future years.
San Francisco’s new Plastic Bag Reduction Ordinance
requires certain grocers and retailers to use either paper
bags or bio-based compostable plastic bags. As a result, the
unintended consequences could be significant. Bio-based
plastic bags are available in very short supply, meaning that
for the most part grocers will be forced to provide consumers
with paper bags. Where bio-based bags are used, if even a
tiny percentage of the material is mixed in accidentally with
polyethylene bags and film, the large domestic markets have
indicated they will refuse shipments from those retailers due
to contamination. It takes very little bio-based material to
ruin an entire load of polyethylene, and the two materials
are very similar in look and feel. In addition, an increase in

waste could occur, since retailers who are prohibited from
dispensing recyclable plastic bags will have no reason to
provide bins for consumers to recycle them. An important
opportunity will be lost, therefore, to recycle a huge amount
of plastic film materials not typically collected such as dry
cleaning, newspaper and bread bags, and plastic film from
small businesses – since most retail systems accept these
bag and film materials as well.
Sensible and balanced solutions needed
Moreover, the litter issue will not necessarily improve and
may, in fact, worsen if consumers believe bio-based compostable
bags will degrade anywhere on the landscape. Currently,
bio-based bags only degrade in specialized food
waste composting facilities (approximately 100 facilities
nationwide), and companies that produce bio-bags do not
emphasize biodegradability specifics. Even with these few
specialized facilities in place, collection systems are costly
and do not develop overnight. Instead of banning a product
that makes up, on average, less than 1 percent of the U.S.
municipal solid waste stream, we need to make intelligent
trade-offs and carefully evaluate our choices.
Over the past decade, plastic bag and film recycling has
been growing steadily, and this trend is expected to continue.
As a commodity, clean polyethylene bags and film are
highly valued materials, and an established infrastructure
is in place to purchase and turn them into new products.
Expanding opportunities for consumers and small businesses
to recycle plastic bags and film at municipal drop-offs
and at all large stores that dispense them is one solution.
Reducing bag usage through more efficient bagging techniques
at the grocery level, (e. g., elimination of double bagging
or the one-item-in-a-bag practice) is yet another. More
visually appealing signage in stores, better signage placement
and ongoing consumer education by retailers, municipalities,
and industry can also have a dramatic effect on the
recovery and reduction rates of plastic bags. Plastic shopping
bags are economically and environmentally efficient;
they serve a useful purpose that would be difficult to replace.
Over 90 percent of consumers have stated that they reuse
their bags, and an increasing number recycle them. It’s the
responsibility of industry and government to provide the
recycling opportunities and education, it’s up to consumers
to do their part and to recycle, and it’s the responsibility of
local and state governments to make judgments about products
based on sound facts. v
23

Data | Market
S����� �� L����� M���� E������� (in t, r = revised)
02.07. 29.06. Lan- Deli-
Store 2007 2007 ding very
HG Alu 823,100 823,625 2,000 2,525
Ingots 422,225 422,000 2,000 1,775
Baltimore 6,725 6,725
Bremen 225 225
Chicago 650 650
Detroit 550 550
Johor 21,725 21,875 150
Kwangyang 32,250 32,250
Moji
50 50
New Orleans 850 850
Pusan 88,275 88,325 50
Rotterdam 46,250 46,300 50
Singapore 223,800 223,325 2,000 1,525
Triest
250 250
T-Bars 198,675 199,425 750
Baltimore 73,550 73,800 250
Chicago 3,375 3,375
Detroit 13,600 13,725 125
Göteborg 1,900 1,900
Helsingborg 3,025 3,025
Kwangyang 3,250 3,250
Long Beach 4,450 4,450
New Orleans 5,200 5,200
Pusan 3,150 3,150
Rotterdam 17,550 17,550
Singapore 33,650 33,650
St. Louis 15,250 15,325 75
Triest 9,375 9,675 300
Vlissingen 11,350 11,350
Sows 202,200 202,200
Baltimore 39,825 39,825
Bilbao 2,000 2,000
Chicago 4,550 4,550
Detroit 37,750 37,750
Göteborg 2,275 2,275
New Orleans 5,200 5,200
Pusan 5,500 5,500
Rotterdam 1,750 1,750
Singapore 101,125 101,125
St. Louis 2,225 2,225
Alum. Alloy 80,880 80,880
Ing. A380.1 29,880 29,880
Barcelona 300 300
Bilbao 200 200
Bremen 120 120
Genua 23,300 23,300
Hamburg 60 60
Liverpool 780 780
Rotterdam 100 100
Singapore 40 40
24
02.07 29.06. Lan- Deli-
Store 2007 2007 ding very
Triest 4,280 4,280
Vlissingen 700 700
Ing. 226 47,540 47,540
Antwerp 1,140 1,140
Bremen 240 240
Hamburg 100 100
Johor 2,980 2,980
Liverpool 520 520
Rotterdam 7,680 7,680
Singapore 30,540 30,540
Triest
20 20
Vlissingen 4,320 4,320
Ing. D12S 380 380
Singapore 300 300
Triest
80 80
LS26 3,080 3,080
Antwerp 460 460
Rotterdam 1,140 1,140
Singapore 1,300 1,300
Vlissingen 180 180
Copper 112,025 112,600 2,900 3,475
A Cathodes 112,025 112,600 2,900 3,475
Antwerp 675 675
Baltimore 25 25
Bilbao 650 650
Dubai
25 25
Helsingborg 1,150 1,150
Hull 2,300 2,375 75
Kwangyang 15,675 13,675 2,000
Leghorn 14,775 14,800 25
Long Beach 1,525 1,525
New Orleans 23,625 24,525 900
Pusan 11,150 10,650 500
Rotterdam 15,500 15,600 100
Singapore 7,375 6,975 400
St. Louis 13,775 13,925 150
Triest 1,750 1,750
Vlissingen 2,050 4,275 2,225
NASAAC 127,580 128,020 440
Ingots 72,860 73,020 160
Baltimore 57,760 57,920 160
Chicago 12,260 12,260
Detroit 1,580 1,580
St. Louis 1,260 1,260
Large Sows 8,940 9,080 140
Baltimore 8,000 8,140 140
Owensboro 940 940
Small Sows 31,300 31,400 100
Chicago 17,080 17,080
Detroit 10,800 10,800
02.07. 29.06. Lan- Deli-
Store 2007 2007 ding very
Louisville
Owensboro
St. Louis
T-Bars
Baltimore
Detroit
Nickel
Cathodes
Genua
Pusan
Singapore
St. Louis
Full Plate
Baltimore
Chicago
Genua
Göteborg
Pusan
Rotterdam
Singapore
Briquettes
Singapore
St. Louis
HG Tin
Antwerp
Baltimore
Genua
Johor
Kwangyang
Pusan
Rotterdam
Singapore
SHG Zinc
Antwerpen
Bilbao
Dubai
Genua
Johor
New Orleans
Rotterdam
Singapore
Tyne & Wear
Vlissingen
Lead
Baltimore
Chicago
Detroit
Long Beach
New Orleans
Singapore
440 440
2,760 2,860 100
220 220
14,480 14,520 40
6,700 6,740 40
7,780 7,780
8,886 8,856 84 54
216 216
36 36
36 36
72 72
72 72
8,334 8,304 84 54
414 414
78 78
30 30
120 120
3,378 3,378
4,128 4,080 84 36
186 204 18
336 336
300 300
36 36
12,555 12,560 5
10 10
1,620 1,620
90 90
2,190 2,190
370 370
340 340
150 155 5
7,785 7,785 100
72,500 72,400 500 400
500 500
600 600
11,950 11,950
500 25 500
1,725 1,725
41,875 41,900 25
7,075 7,075
5,825 6,200 375
1,575 1,575
875 875
44,850 45,125 275
1,650 1,650
350 350
4,850 4,850
16,700 16,700
250 250
20,950 21,225 275

Editorial
LME T���� S����
Copper
A Cathodes
HG Tin
Lead
SHG-Zinc
HG-Aluminium
Ingots
T-Bars
Sows
Aluminium Alloy
Ingots A380.1
Ingots 226
Ingots D12S
L.Sows 226
Nickel
Cathodes
Briquettes
Full Plate
NASAAC
Ingots
Large Sows
Small Sows
T-Bars
source: London Metall Exchange, 02.07.2007, in t
F�����
change stocks
-575 112,025
-575 112,025
-5 12,555
-275 44,850
+100 72,500
-525 823,100
+225 422,225
-750 198,675
202,200
80,880
29,880
47,540
380
3,080
+30 8,886
216
336
+30 8,334
-440 127,580
-160 72,860
-140 8,940
-100 31,300
-40 14,480
03.07. 02.07.
Copper wire (EUR/t) 5,780.00 5,750.00
I����
03.07. 02.07.
Copper, Kassa, manufacturer
of semifinished products. (EUR/t) 6,544.16 6,462.06
Brass MS63 (EUR/t)
5,365.56 5,301.33
T����
wholesale price index (JPY/t) 03.07. 02.07.
Gold 99,9%
2,599.00 2,575.00
Platinum 99,9%
5,069.00 5,024.00
Silver 99,9%
50.00 49.45
K���� L�����
Tin market 03.07. 02.07.
Tin ex works, prompt (USD/t) 14,000.00 14,105.00
Turnover ( in t)
45
29
L����� M���� E�������
03.07. 02.07.
High-grade Aluminium cash 2,696.00 2,690.50
3 month 2,752.00 2,742.00
15 month 2,732.00 2,723.00
turnover $, in batches of 25 t 18,802
Aluminium, Alloy cash 2,155.00 2,146.00
3 month 2,200.00 2,200.00
15 month 2,320.00 2,325.00
turnover $, in batches of 20 t 1,549
Aluminium, NASAAC cash 2,180.00 2,141.00
3 month 2,230.00 2,195.00
15 month 2,345.00 2,310.00
turnover $, in batches of 20 t 5,456
Lead cash 2,780.00 2,730.00
3 month 2,780.00 2,730.00
15 month 2,548.00 2,530.00
turnover $, in batches of 25 t 19,106
Copper cash 7,841.00 7,730.50
3 month 7,736.00 7,630.00
15 month 7,050.00 7,020.00
turnover $, in batches of 25 t 92,734
Nickel cash 36,355.00 36,950.00
3 month 36,210.00 36,950.00
15 month 33,200.00 34,550.00
turnover $, in batches of 6 t 12,924
Zinc cash 3,445.00 3,400.50
3 month 3,441.00 3,406.00
15 month 3,195.00 3,130.00
turnover $, in batches of 25 t 45,682
Tin cash 13,880.00 14,100.00
3 month 13,830.00 13,950.00
15 month 13,290.00 13,385.00
turnover $, in batches of 5 t 6,811
USD/t source: Dow Jones
B��� M����� E�����
Diff. in LME Cash Settlement Prices
Bid/Ask
03.07.
Aluminium Russia A7E Rotterdam
55/65
Aluminium Russia A7 Rotterdam
50/60
EC Duty Paid Premium
135/145
EC Duty Unpaid Premium
55/65
Copper, Grade A cif Rotterdam
50/70
Copper, Stand. Grad cif Hamburg
20/40
Copper, Grade A cif Hamburg
50/70
Copper, Standard Rotterdam
20/40
Copper, Grade A cif Italien
50/70
Lead, Rotterdam, GUS verzollt 140/185
Tin, China, Rotterdam 325/340
Tin, Malaysia, Rotterdam 240/280
Nickel, cathodes 4x4, Russia 900/1100
Nickel, Russia, uncut
350/450
Zinc, special high gr., Rotterdam Duty Paid
USD/t
250/300
L����� P������� ������
03.07. 02.07.
Gold, official 10.30 am ($/troy ounce) 657.25 650.50
Gold, official 15.00 pm ($/troy ounce) 654.25 654.75
Silver, 12.30 pm cash (p/troy ounce) 625.31 620.46
Silver, 12.30 pm cash (cts/troy ounce) 1,260.00 1,247.00
Palladium, am (£/troy ounce) 181.50 182.55
ditto ($/troy ounce)
366.00 367.00
Palladium, offiz. pm ($/troy ounce) 365.00 366.00
Platin, am (£/troy ounce) 636.75 632.70
ditto ($/troy ounce)
1,284.00 1,272.00
Platin, pm ($/troy ounce) 1,281.00 1,277.50
Johnson Matthey base price ($/troy ounce)
Prices for unprocessed material for Europe 03.07. 02.07.
Platinum
1,284.00 1,286.00
Palladium
368.00 368.00
Iridium
450.00 450.00
Rhodium
6,150.00 6,200.00
Ruthenium
430.00 430.00
N��Y��� C���� C�����
03.07. change paid low high 02.07.
July +2.75 356.30 352.30 356.40 353.55
Aug. +1.95 355.45 351.00 355.50 353.50
Sept. +1.80 354.50 349.50 354.50 352.70
Oct. +1.85 353.00 353.00 353.00 351.15
Nov. +1.90 351.30 351.30 351.30 349.40
Dec. +1.95 349.50 346.50 350.00 347.55
Jan. +1.95 347.30 347.30 347.30 345.35
Feb.
cts/lb
+2.00 345.00 345.00 345.00 343.00
N��Y��� C���� G���
03.07. change paid low high 02.07.
July -3.60 652.90 652.90 652.90 656.50
Aug. -3.80 655.40 654.00 659.00 659.20
Sept. -3.50 658.70 658.70 658.70 662.20
Oct. -3.80 661.60 661.00 665.00 665.40
Dec. -3.80 667.80 667.00 672.00 671.60
Feb. -3.90 673.80 673.80 673.80 677.70
Apr. -3.80 679.80 679.80 679.80 683.60
USD/troy ounce
N��Y��� C���� S�����
03.07. change paid low high 02.07.
July -5.30 1,256.90 1,256.90 1,257.00 1,262.20
Aug. -5.50 1,262.00 1,262.00 1,262.00 1,267.50
Sept. -5.50 1,268.50 1,257.00 1,273.50 1,274.00
Dec. -5.70 1,286.30 1,283.50 1,286.30 1,292.00
January -5.70 1,291.70 1,291.70 1,291.70 1,297.40
March -5.70 1,303.50 1,303.50 1,303.50 1,309.20
May
cts/troy ounce
-5.70 1,314.00 1,314.00 1,314.00 1,319.70
25

Data | Market
N��Y��� N���� P�������
03.07. change paid low high 02.07.
July -0.90 1,291.70 1,291.70 1,291.70 1,292.60
August -0.90 1,292.70 1,292.70 1,292.70 1,293.60
Oct. -0.90 1,294.20 1,291.00 1,296.80 1,295.10
USD/troy ounce
N��Y��� N���� P��������
03.07. change paid low high 02.07.
Sept. -2.40 369.00 366.45 371.50 371.40
Dec. -2.40 373.60 373.60 374.90 376.00
Mar. -2.40 378.85 378.85 378.85 381.25
USD/troy ounce
USA
precious metals (troy ounce) 03.07. 02.07.
Handy & Harman Silver (cts) 1,256.00 1,258.50
Handy & Harman Gold ($) 654.25 654.75
Engelhard Gold ($)
656.01 656.51
Engelhard Gold, processed ($) 705.21 705.74
Engelhard Silver (cts) 1,254.00 1,263.00
Engelhard Silver, processed (cts) 1,504.80 1,515.60
AMM-Palladium trader ($)
- 368.70
AMM-Platin Producer ($)
- 1,283.00
AMM-Platin trader ($)
- 1,276.00
US-Copperprices cts/lb 02.07. 28.06.
Wire waste Nr.2, blank trader 325.00 318.00
Wire waste Nr.3, rolled 301.00 292.00
AMM-Prices 03.07. 02.07.
Aluminium, free market (cts/lb) 1,124.97 127.27
Antimony 99,65% ($/t) 5,400.00 5,400.00
Lead, free market (cts/lb)
Copper-Cathodes,
361.55 353.35
free market (cts/lb)
Magnesium 99,8%
131.26 127.50
fob Freeport (cts/lb)
Nickel-Cath. free market,
160.00 160.00
Melting (cts/lb)
Nickel-Cath. free market,
1,763.47 1,715.62
Plating (cts/lb)
1,783.47 1,735.62
Mercury frei NY (cts/Fl) 550.00 550.00
Titanium sponge 99,3% ($/lb) 24.00 24.00
Zinc Special High Grade (cts/lb) 162.20 157.66
Other US-Prices 03.07. 02.07.
Copper electrolyte produc. 353.55 345.35
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26
E���FX R�������� R����
USA USD
Great Britain GBP
Canada CAD
Denmark DKK
Japan JPY
Norway NOK
Sweden SEK
Switzerland CHF
03.07. 02.07.
1.3592 1.3582
0.6748 0.6756
1.4383 1.4405
7.4416 7.4411
166.4900 166.5600
7.9340 7.9667
9.2295 9.2505
1.6543 1.6492
in Euro source: Reuters
Worldwide Information
w�������� i����������
No. 05 | 2007
Montage: archive, pixelio.de
Feature
China‘s E-Waste Plague
– And How It Can Be Combatted – Page 8
News
Save up to
20%!
Faces
Opinion
C��� Z����� M����� A����� J�� V��������
Chinese entrepreneur LME‘s chief executive Efficient post-shredder
goes public in Germany on the new steel futures separation of ELV glass
> Page 4
> Page 16
> Page 20
O������� E������� R����
Germany DEM
France FRF
Austria ATS
Ireland IEP
Belgium BEF
Italy ITL
Spain ESP
Luxembourg LUF
Finland FIM
Portugal PTE
Netherlands NLG
Greece GRD
1.95583
6.55957
13.7603
0.787564
40.3399
1936.27
166.386
40.3399
5.94573
200.48
2.20371
340.75
in Euro source: Deutsche Bundesbank
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