Energy Efficiency & Green Economy in Germany
Energy Efficiency & Green Economy in Germany
Energy Efficiency & Green Economy in Germany
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<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Efficiency</strong> &<br />
<strong>Green</strong> <strong>Economy</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Status and Outlook on EE &<br />
<strong>Green</strong> <strong>Economy</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Dr. Ulrich Averesch, Head of <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Efficiency</strong><br />
South African-German <strong>Energy</strong> Programme (SAGEN)<br />
Pretoria, 27/28 November 2012<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 1
Government<br />
Implement<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Agency<br />
Focal Area Programmes<br />
SA-German Focal Area <strong>Energy</strong> & Climate<br />
SA – German<br />
<strong>Energy</strong><br />
Programme<br />
(SAGEN)<br />
BMZ – Federal M<strong>in</strong>istry for Economic Cooperation and Development<br />
BMU – Federal M<strong>in</strong>istry for the Environment, Nature<br />
Conservation and Nuclear Safety<br />
German International<br />
Cooperation (GIZ)<br />
(former InWEnt, DED, GTZ)<br />
Technical Cooperation<br />
Climate<br />
Support<br />
Programme<br />
Skills for<br />
<strong>Green</strong> Jobs<br />
Programme<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
German Development<br />
Bank (KfW)<br />
F<strong>in</strong>ancial Cooperation<br />
DBSA Credit<br />
L<strong>in</strong>e<br />
Eskom CSP Plant<br />
Solid Waste<br />
Management<br />
Bus Rapid<br />
Transit Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>Green</strong> <strong>Energy</strong><br />
<strong>Efficiency</strong> Fund<br />
SHS <strong>in</strong> rural<br />
areas<br />
Non Motorized<br />
Transport (NMT)<br />
SAPP<br />
BMBF<br />
Federal M<strong>in</strong>istry<br />
of Education and<br />
Research<br />
Scientific and<br />
Technological<br />
Cooperation<br />
Enerkey<br />
SASSCAL<br />
CLIENT<br />
Projects<br />
Page 2<br />
June 2012
SAGEN South African – German <strong>Energy</strong> Programme (SAGEN)<br />
Component 1: Renewable <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Objective: The conditions for <strong>in</strong>vestments <strong>in</strong><br />
RE have improved<br />
Sub-Component 1.1: Institutional and<br />
regulatory capacities for promotion of RE<br />
Sub-Component 1.2: Support to grid and<br />
system <strong>in</strong>tegration of RE<br />
Sub-Component 1.3: Technical expertise for<br />
w<strong>in</strong>d and solar<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Component 2: <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Efficiency</strong><br />
Objective: The conditions for <strong>in</strong>vestments <strong>in</strong><br />
EE have improved<br />
Sub-Component 2.1: Institutional capacity<br />
development for EE promotion<br />
Sub-Component 2.2: Implementation of<br />
<strong>in</strong>novative EE programmes<br />
Sub-Component 2.3: Development of a<br />
market for energy service providers<br />
Sub-Component 2.4: Technology<br />
dissem<strong>in</strong>ation and private sector<br />
cooperation<br />
Page 3
Summary of EE component results to date<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Efficiency</strong><br />
• Policy mapp<strong>in</strong>g study launched as basis for a 1 st National <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Efficiency</strong> Action<br />
Plan (NEEAP)<br />
• Support to the draft of new regulations (e.g. <strong>Energy</strong> Management)<br />
• Support to the design and implementation of various EE programmes:<br />
• SWH SOP; EE-Street Light<strong>in</strong>g; Public Build<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
• Tax Incentive Schemes (Guidel<strong>in</strong>es and onl<strong>in</strong>e Monitor<strong>in</strong>g System)<br />
• <strong>Energy</strong> Performance Certificate (EPC),<br />
• GIS Data Manager, etc.<br />
• <strong>Energy</strong> auditors tra<strong>in</strong>ed; tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g carried-on by Eskom<br />
• Support to the <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Efficiency</strong> Leadership Network (EELN)<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 4
EE - Historical background<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> consumption <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> has been<br />
structurally high<br />
• a heavy <strong>in</strong>dustrialised economy<br />
• a densely populated country<br />
Limited fossil energy resources<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
„I am an energy saver“ campaign 1980<br />
• energy has always been comparatively scarce / expensive<br />
• high vulnerability from oil price shocks of the 1970s<br />
• s<strong>in</strong>ce mid 1970s: Regulatory measures def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g efficiency standards<br />
were implemented<br />
• not one major legal framework but a multitude of energy sav<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
approaches, ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>in</strong> build<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>in</strong>dustrial sectors<br />
Page 5
<strong>Energy</strong> related legislation 1991-2009<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 6
Precondition<br />
• Highly specialised German <strong>in</strong>dustrial sectors and suppliers, esp.<br />
mechanical eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g. In addition, high eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g standards + need for<br />
rational use of energy = high level of energy efficiency<br />
• S<strong>in</strong>ce early 1990s decoupl<strong>in</strong>g of GDP growth and energy consumption:<br />
energy productivity 1990-2008 raised by 40.7%<br />
• Primary energy consumption of less than 7 GJ per €1000 of GDP makes<br />
<strong>Germany</strong> one of the most energy efficient <strong>in</strong>dustrialised countries<br />
• Today, German <strong>in</strong>dustrial sectors provide a large number of high efficiency<br />
products and <strong>in</strong>novative approaches.<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 7
<strong>Energy</strong> Productivity PEC<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Goal<br />
Page 8
<strong>Energy</strong> Sav<strong>in</strong>g Potential<br />
Stand-by appliances:<br />
HVAC-Cool<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
Over 20% economic<br />
Approx. 47%<br />
sav<strong>in</strong>gs economic sav<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Light<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> households:<br />
About 40% economic<br />
sav<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
LED-Street lights:<br />
Up to 76% economic<br />
sav<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Page 9
Example: Build<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
ENERGIEAUSWEIS für Wohngebäude<br />
gemäß den §§ 16 ff. Energiee<strong>in</strong>sparverordnung (EnEV)<br />
Berechneter Energiebedarf des Gebäudes<br />
Energiebedarf<br />
Primärenergiebedarf<br />
Gebäude Ist-W ert<br />
EnEV-Anforderungswert<br />
Endenergiebedarf<br />
Energieträger<br />
Sonstige Angaben<br />
E<strong>in</strong>setzbarkeit alternativer Energieversorgungssysteme<br />
� nach § 5 EnEV vor Baubeg<strong>in</strong>n berücksichtigt<br />
Alternative Energieversorgungssysteme werden<br />
genutzt für:<br />
� Heizung<br />
� Warmwasser<br />
� Lüftung<br />
� Kühlung<br />
Lüftungskonzept<br />
Die Lüftung erfolgt durch:<br />
� Fensterlüftung<br />
� Schachtlüftung<br />
� Lüftungsanlage ohne Wärmerückgew<strong>in</strong>nung<br />
� Lüftungsanlage mit W ärmerückgew<strong>in</strong>nung<br />
Endenergiebedarf<br />
kWh/(m ²·a)<br />
Nachweis der E<strong>in</strong>haltung des § 3 oder § 9 Abs. 1 EnEV 2 )<br />
kWh/(m²·a)<br />
kWh/(m²·a)<br />
Energetische Qualität der Gebäudehülle<br />
Gebäude Ist-W ert H T ’<br />
EnEV-Anforderungswert H T’<br />
Hilfsgeräte 3)<br />
Warm wasser<br />
Heizung<br />
Jährlicher Endenergiebedarf <strong>in</strong> kW h/(m 2 ·a) für<br />
CO 2 -Emissionen 1 ) kg/(m²·a)<br />
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 >400<br />
kWh/(m²·a)<br />
Erläuterungen zum Berechnungsverfahren<br />
Primärenergiebedarf („Gesam tenergieeffizienz“)<br />
Vergleichswerte Endenergiebedarf<br />
Gesamt <strong>in</strong> kWh/(m 2 ·a)<br />
Traditionally: Strong focus on legislation<br />
(<strong>Energy</strong> sav<strong>in</strong>g ord<strong>in</strong>ance etc.)<br />
Support schemes:<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
W/(m²·K)<br />
W/(m²·K)<br />
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 >400<br />
Das verwendete Berechnungsverfahren ist durch die Energiee<strong>in</strong>sparverordnung vorgegeben. Insbesondere wegen standardisierter Randbed<strong>in</strong>gungen<br />
erlauben die angegebenen W erte ke<strong>in</strong>e Rückschlüsse auf den tatsächlichen Energieverbrauch. Die ausgewiesenen Bedarfswerte<br />
s<strong>in</strong>d spezifische W erte nach der EnEV pro Quadratmeter Gebäudenutzfläche (A N ).<br />
1) freiwillige Angabe 3) ggf. e<strong>in</strong>schließlich Kühlung<br />
2) nur <strong>in</strong> den Fällen des Neubaus und der Modernisierung auszufüllen 4) EFH – E<strong>in</strong>familienhäuser, MFH – Mehrfamilienhäuser<br />
4 )<br />
2<br />
� CO2-build<strong>in</strong>g & rehabilitation<br />
programme<br />
� New build<strong>in</strong>gs: KfW support scheme<br />
“build ecologically”<br />
Information:<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> certificates & energy advisory services<br />
Page 10
Development of German Build<strong>in</strong>g Code<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
2019/2021<br />
EPBD Recast:<br />
“Nearly zero energy build<strong>in</strong>gs”<br />
Page 11
Heat energy consumption <strong>in</strong> dwell<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
kWh per m2 / year<br />
Heat energy consumption <strong>in</strong> dwell<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Reduction 2002-2010: 22%<br />
Page 12
EE construction materials<br />
Insulat<strong>in</strong>g load-<br />
bear<strong>in</strong>g brick<br />
Thermal conductivity<br />
λ 0,07 W/mK<br />
Photos: Wienerberger,Sa<strong>in</strong>t Goba<strong>in</strong>, Teckentrup<br />
Alum<strong>in</strong>ium-Wood<br />
Triple-glazed w<strong>in</strong>dow<br />
U G Value 0,5 W/mK<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Special door/panel for<br />
heat/cold <strong>in</strong>sulation<br />
U D Value 0,07 W/mK<br />
Page 13
EE construction materials<br />
U- Value<br />
6.00<br />
5.00<br />
4.00<br />
3.00<br />
2.00<br />
1.00<br />
0.00<br />
Photos: REHAU<br />
5.7<br />
5.0<br />
Alum<strong>in</strong>um Ord<strong>in</strong>ary S<strong>in</strong>gle<br />
W<strong>in</strong>dow with<br />
S<strong>in</strong>gle Glaz<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Glass alone<br />
U-Value Diagram<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
3.4<br />
Alum<strong>in</strong>um<br />
W<strong>in</strong>dow with<br />
Double Glaz<strong>in</strong>g<br />
3.0<br />
Insulated<br />
Double Glaz<strong>in</strong>g<br />
alone<br />
2.7<br />
60 mm REHAU<br />
with Double<br />
Glaz<strong>in</strong>g 3.0<br />
1.7<br />
60 mm REHAU<br />
with Double<br />
Glaz<strong>in</strong>g 1.1<br />
1.3 1.2<br />
70 mm REHAU<br />
with Double<br />
Glaz<strong>in</strong>g 1.1<br />
70 mm REHAU<br />
with Triple<br />
Glaz<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Page 14
Current status of <strong>Green</strong> <strong>Economy</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
RE Sources & Storage Technologies<br />
� 23% of world market share<br />
Environmental technology & resource efficiency<br />
� 15% of world market share<br />
Jobs <strong>in</strong> <strong>Green</strong> Technology sector<br />
� 1,400,000 (2011)<br />
Source: BMU press release 4 /09/2012, <strong>Green</strong> Tech 3.0 / Roland Berger<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 15
Strength & Importance of <strong>Green</strong> Technologies<br />
based on traditional German <strong>in</strong>dustries<br />
�1.1m<br />
new jobs<br />
Electrical<br />
Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>Green</strong> Technologies<br />
Mechanical<br />
Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>Green</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>dustry<br />
Source: Bundesregierung, <strong>Green</strong> Tech Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> 2.0, Roland Berger<br />
Plant<br />
Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Services<br />
Potential Share of green<br />
technologies <strong>in</strong> CDP 2008<br />
Change until<br />
2020<br />
Page 16
Allocation of jobs <strong>in</strong> the <strong>Green</strong> Technology<br />
Sector, <strong>Germany</strong> 2011<br />
<strong>Energy</strong><br />
<strong>Efficiency</strong><br />
Environment<br />
friendly<br />
technologies<br />
and energy<br />
storage<br />
Source: <strong>Green</strong> Tech Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> 3.0, Roland Berger<br />
Susta<strong>in</strong>able<br />
Water<br />
Management<br />
Susta<strong>in</strong>able<br />
Mobility<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Resource<br />
& material<br />
efficiency<br />
Recycl<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Sector<br />
Page 17
Product range of EE (“green”) products<br />
Source: www.topten.<strong>in</strong>fo , Global Annual Report 2011, topten.ch<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 18
Appliances EU Top Runner<br />
Push & Pull – approach:<br />
• Revise EU energy labell<strong>in</strong>g (Pull)<br />
• Strong signals to producers<br />
• Cool<strong>in</strong>g appliances: A+ und A++ Labels<br />
<strong>in</strong>troduced<br />
• Discussion on revision ongo<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• Ecodesign Directive (Push)<br />
• M<strong>in</strong>imum efficiency standards (stand<br />
by, light<strong>in</strong>g etc.)<br />
• Regular and dynamic update needed to keep<br />
strong <strong>in</strong>centives for <strong>in</strong>novations<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 19
EE targets <strong>in</strong> EU & <strong>Germany</strong> (1)<br />
• In 2007 European governments agreed on 2020 targets:<br />
• 20% reduction of CO 2 emissions <strong>in</strong> comparison with 1990 CO 2<br />
levels<br />
• 20% of EU energy consumption from renewable sources<br />
• 20% reduction of primary energy use compared to projected levels<br />
(reduction by means of improv<strong>in</strong>g energy efficiency)<br />
• <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Efficiency</strong> Action plan<br />
• Reduce primary energy use <strong>in</strong> Europe by means of improv<strong>in</strong>g<br />
energy efficiency<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 20
EE targets <strong>in</strong> EU & <strong>Germany</strong> (2)<br />
• European Performance Build<strong>in</strong>g Directive (EPBD)<br />
• EU had a Directive for EE <strong>in</strong> build<strong>in</strong>gs s<strong>in</strong>ce 2002, the new Directive is<br />
a recast<br />
• All new build “nearly zero energy build<strong>in</strong>gs” as of 1 Jan 2021 (public<br />
sector: 1 Jan 2019). Rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g energy need ma<strong>in</strong>ly covered by RES<br />
• Directive covers now all exist<strong>in</strong>g build<strong>in</strong>gs irrespective of their size<br />
both residential and non residential sector (previously only >1000 m2)<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 21
EE targets <strong>in</strong> EU & <strong>Germany</strong> (3)<br />
• EcoDesign Directive<br />
• Establish<strong>in</strong>g a framework for the sett<strong>in</strong>g of eco design requirements for<br />
energy-us<strong>in</strong>g products (EuP) <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g energy efficiency requirements<br />
• Entered <strong>in</strong>to force on 11 August 2005<br />
• <strong>Energy</strong> use targeted<br />
• All energy us<strong>in</strong>g products (except vehicles for transport) and cover<strong>in</strong>g<br />
all energy sources<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 22
EE targets <strong>in</strong> EU & <strong>Germany</strong> (4)<br />
• German environmental protection policy (<strong>in</strong> 2020)<br />
• 40% reduction of GHG <strong>in</strong> comparison to 1990<br />
(2010: -24%)<br />
• 30% <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> renewable energy sources<br />
• Doubl<strong>in</strong>g of energy productivity 1990 – 2020<br />
(Source: NEEAP <strong>Germany</strong> 2007 and BMU, 2012)<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 23
Conclusion<br />
The German policy for energy efficiency:<br />
� A mix of regulation, f<strong>in</strong>ancial <strong>in</strong>centives and <strong>in</strong>formation<br />
� e.g. build<strong>in</strong>g codes, low <strong>in</strong>terest loans, advice campaigns and<br />
research<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 24
GIZ Head Office <strong>in</strong> Eschborn, <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Text<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 25
New KfW office build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 26
“<strong>Energy</strong>+” House W<strong>in</strong>ner of the Solar Decathlon<br />
For more <strong>in</strong>formation, please follow this l<strong>in</strong>k with detailed downloads:<br />
http://www.bmvbs.de/SharedDocs/EN/Publikationen/effizienzhausplus_e<br />
lektromobil_en_aufl1.html<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 27
Thank you very much !<br />
Ulrich.Averesch@giz.de<br />
Christian.Borchard@giz.de<br />
27/28 Nov 2012 Dr. Ulrich Averesch – EE <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Page 28
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