Effect of Functionalization of Carbon Black on Rubber Properties

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Before ashing After ashing Figure 4. TEM images <strong>of</strong> CSDPF 2000 aggregate, before and after ashing aggregates. It is apparent that the silica domain is intimately attached on the carbon black surface with a high surface coverage. According to the information obtained from different techniques, the pictures can be drawn for CSDPF 2000 and 4000, as presented in Figure 6. When incorporated in hydrocarbon polymers, both CSDPF 2000 and 4000 are characterized by higher filler-polymer interaction in relation to a physical blend <strong>of</strong> carbon black and silica, and lower filler-filler interaction compared to both traditional fillers. Evidence <strong>of</strong> the higher filler-polymer interaction <strong>of</strong> the silica-containing fillers in Before ashing After ashing Figure 5. TEM images <strong>of</strong> CSDPF 4000 aggregate, before and after ashing 8
hydrocarbon polymers can be obtained by comparing the adsorption energies <strong>of</strong> polymer analogs on the filler surfaces. Shown in Figure 7 are the adsorption free energies <strong>of</strong> heptane, a model compound for hydrocarbon polymers, measured by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The results for both CSDPF 2000 and 4000 are presented along with those <strong>of</strong> blends <strong>of</strong> carbon black N234 and silica. Regardless <strong>of</strong> the difference in surface areas, at the same silica contents, the silica-containing fillers give significantly higher adsorption energies. The lower filler-filler interaction <strong>of</strong> CSDPF 2000 and 4000 can be demonstrated by the Silica N234 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -∆ G°, kJ/mol 9 Section A-A Figure 6. General views <strong>of</strong> CSDPF 2000 and CSDPF 4000 CSDPF 2000 CSDPF 4000 Heptane, 180°C CB+Silica CSDPF 4000 CSDPF 2000 0 20 40 60 80 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure 7. adsorption energies <strong>of</strong> heptane at 180°C on a variety <strong>of</strong> fillers %
Page 1 and 2: Effect of<
Page 3 and 4: carbon blacks to improve the trade<
Page 6 and 7: Table I. Analytical properties <str
Page 10 and 11: 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 Strai
Page 12 and 13: 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2
Page 14 and 15: Wet skid resistance: The results <s
Page 17 and 18: compounds. With this filler, the hi
Page 19 and 20: 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Wet skid

Effect of Functionalization of Carbon Black on Rubber Properties

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