journal of the audio engineering society

OFFICERS 1971-72 

J. G. Woodward President 

Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Executive Vice-president 

Donald W. Powers Eastern Vice-President 

C. Roger Anderson Central Vice-President 

Leon A. Wortman Western Vice-President 

Donald J. Plunkett Secretary 

Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer 

BOARD OF GOVERNORS 

George W. Bartlett 

Benjamin B. Bauer 

R. T. Bozak 

Marvin Camras 

Frederick V. Hunt 

J. G. McKnight 

J. L. Ooms 

William L. Robimson 

John E. Volkmann 

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN 

M. Camras Admissions 

F. V. Hunt Awards 

L. A. Wortman 42nd Convention 

D. W. Powers 43rd Convention 

H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy 

J. G. Woodurard Executive Committee 

J. Harvey Exhibits 

A. E. Gruber Finance 

J. D. Colvin Historical 

W. L. Robinson Laws & Resolutions 

W. H. Freitag Library 

C. R. Anderson Membership 

G. W. Bartlett Nominations 

B. B. Bauer Publications Policy 

H. 0. Kaitchuck Sections 

3. G. McKnight Standards 

R. T. Bozak Sustaining Memberships 

FV. H. Freitag Tellers 

SECTIONS 

British Canada Central 

Europe . Japan Los Angeles 

Midwest New York . San 

Francisco Washington 

ADMINISTRATION 

Dorothy H. Spronck 

Administrative Secretary 

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS 

Manuscripts, editorial and advertising 

correspondence should be sent to 

Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering 

Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, 

New York 10016. Address all other 

Society business to the Audio Engineering 

Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 

60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017, 

Membership information and back copies 

may be obtained from either office. -1 

JOURNAL OF THE 

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY 

VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 

ARTICLES 

Chromium Dioxide Audio Cassette Tape 

Leland K. Jordan, Robert J. Kerr, and John Dickens 2 

SCORE-A Musician's Approach to Computer n4usic ........ Leland Smith 7 

Phase-Shift Characteristics of Record Cutters and Pickups 

Daniel W. Graverea~~x, Arthur J. Gust, and Benjamin B. Bauer 15 

Comparative Stereophonic Listening Tests .................... Carl Ceoen 19 

Simplified Loudspeaker Measurements at Low Frequencies . . Richard H. Small 28 

Room Acoustics of Studios .............................. Ranger Farrell 34 

PROJECT NOTES/ENGINEERING BRIEFS 

A Stereo Program Phase Checker ....................... James B. Wood 37 

Telephone Repeater Circuits for Studia Use ............. Ludwig De Kesel 4i 

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 

Rms Power: Fact or Fancy ............. John M. Earple and Bart Locanthi 45 

Comments on "What's a Watt (rms)?" 

(J. Robert Ashley, JAES 19, 9 (1971)) .................................. 46 

Soundproofing-An Important Security Factor .......... Thomas W. Wathen 47 

DEPARTMENTS 

Standards .................... 48 

Review of Acoustical Patents ... 53 

Sound Track ................. 60 

Available Literature ........... 68 

Shopping the Audio Market .... 72 

Membership Information ....... 76 

News of the Sections .......... 64 Obituaries ................... 80 

EDITORIAL BOARD 

J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy A. P. G. Peterson 

D. M. Black J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight M. R. Schroeder 

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog C. F. Swisher 

J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent A. R. Morgan E. L. Torick 

E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen 

M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward 

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor 

Evelyn A. Morris Production Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor 

Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus 

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. Volume 20 No. 1 January/February 1972 Published 

monthly except January/February and July/August 'when 'published bi-monthly by'the Audio 

Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication Affice, 124 East 

40th Street New York N.Y. 10016. Executive office Room 929 Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd 

Street, ~ e York d N.YI 10017. Second class postage paid at N'ew York N.Y. and at additional 

ma~ling offices. ~hbscri~tion to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. copyright91972 by the Audio Engineering 

Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. 

The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any 

paper in this issue if direct permission is obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the 

author(s) and this journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper in full 

crediting this journal. This permission is not assignable. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design has been registered as a 

trademark in the United States Patent Office.



Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Executive Vice-President 

Donald W. Powers Eastein Vice-President 


Leon A. Woatman Western Vice-President 






R. T. Bozak 

Marvin Camras 



J. L. Ooms 

William L. Robinson 



hl. Camras Admissions 





J. G. Woodward Executive Committee 


A. E. Grnber Finance 



W. I%. Freitag Library 


6. W. Bartlett Nominations 



J. G. McKnight Standards 


W. H. Freitag Tellers 

SECT! ONS 

British . Canada Central 

Europe . Japan Los Angeles 

Midwest . New York . San 

Francisco - Washington 

















VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 MARCH 1972 

ARTICLES 

The Effects of Transit Time and Intensity Differentials Upon Recreating 

Acoustic Fields .................................... Edward M. Long 82 

Tape Noise in Audio Recording .......................... Eric D. Daniel 92 

The Fringing Response of Magnetic Reproducers at Long Wavelengths 

I. G. hlcKnight 100 

The Influence of a Single Echo on the Audibility of Speech ..... Helmut Haas 145 

PROJECT NOTES / ENGINEERING BRIEFS 

UHF Radio Link for Transmission of High-Quality Stereophonic Programs 

Matti Otala and Ernst v. Knorring 106 

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Hearing Aids in Industry Alex 1. Szecsody 109 


Condenser Microphone Calibration and Response in Deep Diving Esrvironments 

........................................... W. W. Mullen, Jr. 112 

The Strobophone .......... L. A. Geddes, J. D. Bourland, and T. W. Coulter 115 

DEPARTMENTS 

Review of Acoustical Patents .... 118 Shopping the Audio Market ..... 132 

Sound Track ................. 124 Available Literature ........... 136 

Ne%s of the Sections .......... 128 Membership Information ....... 130 




D. £3. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog C. F. Swisher 


E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghaurea 


Robert 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Mariasing Editor 

Evelyn A. Morris Production Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor 


Journal of the Audio Engineering Societv. Volume 20. No. 2. March 1972. Pi~bliqh~ri mnnthlv 

except January/~ebruaryand JUI;/AU~U& when published bil;nonthly: by the ~udio~n~in&;ink 

Society and supplied to all members in good standing, Publication office, 124 East 40th Street 

New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929. Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, ~ e d 

York. N.Y. 10017. Second class Dostaae aid at New York. N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. 

Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 pei year. Copyright 1972 by the~udio ~ngineering~ociety; 

The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. 

The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprinl in part, any 



crediting this iournal. This oermission is not assienable 

The "~6urnal'of the ~udid ~n~ineering and-its cover design has been registered as a 








Donald J. Plrrnkett Secretary 





R. T. Bozak 

Marvin Camras 



J. L,. Ooms 






L. A. Wortulan 42nd Convention 

D. W. Poners 43rd Convention 




4. E. Gniber Finance 

J. D. Colvin I-fistorical 

W. L. Robins011 Laws & Resolutio~ls 









SECTIONS 

British Canada - Central 

Europe . Japan . Los Augeles 

Midwest - New York . San 

Francisco . Washington 


Dorothy H. Sprunck 





5 Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering 




Soc~ety, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 


Membersh~p information and back copies 

may be obtained Prom either office. -C~Y 


VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 APRIL 1972 

ARTICLES 

A Practical High-Frequency Trackability Test for PI~ono Pickrips 

C. Roger Anderson and Paul W. Jellrick 162 

Proposed Universal Encoding Standards for Compatible Your-Channel Matrix- 

ing ....................................................... K. Xtoh 167 

Pseudo-Noise Timbre Generators ..................... Ralph W. Bui-l~ans 174 

Acolistical Circ~iits Revisited .................... Robert Charles Howard 185 

Aconstical and Electroacoortical Arrangen~ent for the Dynamically Fucnsed 

Room ......................... Fritz W. Winckel and Manfred Kraose 198 


Design Room or Sound System? ........................ Donald B. Davis 208 

EXarmonic Structure of PN Sequcnccs ................. Ralph N7. Brrrhans 210 


Comments on "Groove Fxho in Lacquer Masters" 

(D. W. Gravereaux and B. R. Bauer, JAES 19, 10 (1971)) ... D. A. Barlow 214 

Reply to "Comments on 'Groove Echo in Lacquer Masters''' 

(11 A. Barlow. JAES 20, 3 (1972)) .... D. W. Graverea~rx and H. B. Rauer 216 

Power Specification Conversion Factors .................... T. A. Saponas 218 

DEPARTMENTS 

Review of Acoustical Patents .... 220 Newa of the Sections .......... 242 

Exhibits Previews for 42nd Sound 'Track ................. 246 

Convention ................. 225 Menlbel-ship Information ....... 250 




D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog C. F. Swisher 





Evelyn A. Morris Production Editor lngeborg M. Stochn~al Copy Editor 


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. Volume 20, No. 3 April, 1972. Published rnonthly 

except January/February and July/August when published bi-nionthly by the Audlo Engineering 

Society and supplied to all menlbels in good stalrdirlg. Publicatioil oifice 124 East 401h Street 

New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929, Lincoln Building. 60 kast 42nd Street, N& 

York N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York N.Y. and at add~t~onal mailing offices. 

~ubLcription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright i972 by the Audio Engineering Society., 

1 he Journal is ~ndexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. 

The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby gl-ants pern~ission to reprint in part, any 

paper in this issue if d~rect permission is obtained from ~ts author(s) and credit is givcn to the 

author(s1 and this journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper in fl~ll 

crediting this journal. This perrrltssion is not assignable. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design has been registe~ed as a 

trademark in the United States Patent Oflice.












R. T. Bozak 

Marvin Camras 



J. L. Ooms 






















SECTIONS 

British . Canada . Central 

Europe Japan Los Angeles 


Francisco - Washington 






Editorial Offices, Audio Eng~neering 



Society busmess to the Aud~o Engineering 




may be obtained from either office. +'pU, 



VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 MAY 1972 

ARTICLES 

The Effect of Conducting Gap Spacers on the Impedance of Magnetic Heads 

Rudolf Otto 258 

Mechanical Playback Losses and the Design of Wideband Phonograph Pickups 

James V. White 265 

A Clinical Study to Evaluate Rock Music, Symphonic Music and Noise as 

Sources of Acoustic Trauma ......... John P. Barry and Ian B. Thomas 271 

Large-Scale Integration in Organ Design ............. Ray B. Schrecongost 275 

A Complex Sound System Equalization ................. G. K. Thurnlond 282 

Record-Changer Design Considerations of Today ...... Robert J. Hammond 290 

An Ultraminiature Console Compression System with Maximum User 

Flexibility ........................................... Barry Blesser 297 


Comments on "Sound Columns-Practical Design and Applications" 

(L. H. Schaudinischky, A. Schwartz, and S. T. Mashiah, JAES 19, 1 (1971)) 

W. A. M. Ramsbotham 303 

Reply to "Comments on 'Sound Columns-Practical Design and Applications"' 

(W. A. M. Ramsbotham. JAES 20, 4 (1972)) ................ S. Mashiah 303 

Comments on "Electrical Design and Musical Applications of an Uncondi- 

tionally Stable Cornbination Voltage Controlled Filter/Resonator" 

(D. P. Colin, JAES 19, 11 (1971)) .................. J. Robert Ashley 304 

Keply to "Con~~nrnts on 'Electrical Ilrsign :tud hlllhicill ,\ppliwti~~~s of a11 1.'11ronditior~allv 

Stihle C'o~r~l)i~ratio~r \'olt;~re Controlled I2ilter/ Reso~rntor' " 

(J. ~oberi Ashley, JAES 20, 4 (1972fi .............................. 304 

DEPARTMENTS 

AES Encore in Europe ........ 306 Shopping the Audio Market .... 332 

Complete Convention Program . . 3 18 Available Literature ........... 335 

Standards .................... 326 Sound Track ................. 337 

News of the Sections .......... 330 Ivlembership Information ....... 339 

Obituaries .................... 344 


J. R. Ashley J. RI. Hollywood D. S. McCoy M. R. Schroeder 

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight C. F. Swisher 

J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R. A. Moog I. B. Thomas 

E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin E. L. Torick 

M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen D. R. von Recklinghausen 

R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen A. P. G. Peterson J. G. Woodward 

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline t1:lrvey Managing Editor 

Evelyn A. Morris Production Editor Ingeborg M. Stoclrmal Copy Editor 


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 20. No. 4, May 1972. Published monthly 

except January/February and July/August when published bi-monthl;, by the Audio Engineering 

Society and rupplied to all members in good standing. Publication off~ce. 124 East 40th Street 

New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929, L~ncoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, ~ e d 

York, N.Y. 10017, Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. 

Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 ner year. Copyright 1972 by the Audio Eng~neering Society. 

The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science &Technology Index. 





The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design has beerr registered as a 













R. T. Bozak 

Marvin Camras 



J. L. Ooms 


















H. O. Kaitchuck Sections 

J. G. McKuight Standards 



SECTIONS 


Europe - Japan - Los Angeles 


Francisco a Washington 


Dorotl~y H. Spronck 

Administrative Secretam 




Editorial Offices. Audio Engineering 





60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. 




VOLUME 20 NUMBER 5 JUNE 1972 

ARTICLES 

Discrete-Matrix Multichannel Stereo .... Duane H. Cooper and Takeo Shiga 346 

Further Improvements in Discrete Four-Channel Disc System CD-I 

Isao Owaki, Teruo hlulaoka and 'roshiya Inoue 361 

Laboratory Measurement of Howlback Probability in Speech-Reinforcement 

............................................. 

Systems Daniel Queen 370 

Tempered Scale Generation from A Single Frequency Source 

Robert B. Cotton. Jr. 

.......... 

Direct-Radiator Loudspeaker System A~~alysis Richard H. Small 383 

Circuit Design Modifications for Minimizi~lg Transient Intermodulation Dis- 

.............................. 

tortion in Audio Amplifiers hfatti Otala 396 


Comments on "Articulation Loss of Consonants as a Basis for the Design and 

Judgment of Sound Reinforcenleilt Systems" 

(W. Kle~n, JAES 19. 11 (December 1971)) ........... Herb Chaudiere 401 

Reply to "Comments on 'Articolation 1,oss of Consonants as a Basis for the 

Design and Judgment of Sound Reinforcement Systenis'" 

(Herb Chaudiere, JAES 20. 5 (June 1972)) ................ W. Klein 401 

............... 

Formulas for Distributed Loudspeaker Systems W. Klein 40 1 

...... 

Reply to "Formulas for Distributed Loudspeaker Systeins Don Davis 401 

(W. Klein. JAES 20, 5 (June 1972)) 

............................. 

Misnomer "RMS Power" Paul W. Klipsch 402 

....................... 

"RRIS Power" Versus Average Power D. A. Kerr 403 

DEPARTMENTS 

42nd Convention .............. 406 Shopping the Audio Market .... 436 

Complete Convention PI-ogram .. 4 16 Sound Track ................. 438 

News of the Sections .......... 432 Membership Information ....... 439 

Obituaries .................... 444 


.I. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder 

R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy C. F. Swisher 

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas 

J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R. A. Moog E. L. Torick 

E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mulliu D. R. von Recklinghausen 

M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward 

Robert O. Fehr Editor 

Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor 

Eveljn A. Morris Associate Edltor 

lngeborg M. Stochl~lal Copy Editor 

Hmry F. Olson Editor Emeritus 

way be obtalned from either office. ~ ~ ~ 

.Inc!rnal .-- of the Audio Eneineerine Societv. Volume 20 No. 5. June. 1972. Published monthlv 

excepF ~anuary/~ehruar~ land ~ u l ~ / ~ u when ~ u spublished i bi-Gonthly, by the Audio ~n~ineering 

Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office. 124 East 40th Street, 

New York. N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929. Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street. New 

York N.Y' 10017. Second class oostaee oaid at New York. N.Y. and it additional mailing off~ces. 

Subscrlptlon to nonmembers, $30 00 >er year Copyright 1972 by the Aud~o ~ngrneerlng~oclety 

The Journal IS Indexed In the Applled Sclence & Technology Index. 

The Journal of the Audlo Englneer~ng Soc~ety hereby grants perrrlsslon to reprlnt In part, any 

oaoer in this issue if direct iermisslon is obtalned from its author(8) and credit is given to the 

iuihor(s) and this iournal. A'n author. or h~s research affiliate rnav . reproduce . his paper . . in full 

i cridit~ng this journ$l. Thls permission is not assignable. 

1 The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design has been registered as a 

i qtrademark p in the United States Patent Offlce












R T. Bozak 

Manin Camras 



J. L. Ooms 











A. E. Gmber Finance 





@. W. Bartlett Nominations 



1. G. McKnight Standards 



SECTIONS 

British Canada Central 

Europe . Japan La Angeles 


Francisco . Southeastern (Atlanta) 

- Washington, D.C. 















I JOURNAL OF THE 

I AUDIO EN61NEER116 SOClET! 


1 ARTICLES I 

Field-Type Artificial Voice .............................. Harry F. Olson 446 I 

A High-Accuracy Frequency Shifter for Professional Audio Applications 

Harald Bode and Robert Moog 453 

, 

The Sound Field in Home Listening Rooms 

Roy F. Allison and Robert Berkovitz 458 

An Investigation of the Magnetic Head-Magnetic Tape Contact 

R. R. Arnold, L. Ja. Ananka, and S. V. Marsov 470 

Predistortion Techniques for Complex but Predictable Transmission Systems 

Michael A. Gerzon 475 

A Quadraphonic Oscilloscope Display Technique ........... Denald L. Patten 483 


Measurements of Auditorium Acoustics with a Storage Oscilloscope 

and Tone Burst Generator ......................... Charles A. Lincoln 490 

Aircraft Infrasonic Noise Evaluation Problems .......... Ralph W. Burhans 492 

Correction for "Discrete-Matrix Multichannel Stereo" 

(Duane H. Cooper and Takeo Shiga, JAES, 20, 346-360 (June 1972)) 

Duane H. Cooper 493 


On Accurate Terminology ............................ J. Robert Ashley 494 

I DEPARTMENTS I 

Standards ................... 496 Sound Track ................. 524 

........... 

I 

Exhibits Previews for 43rd 

Convention .................. 502 

News of the Sections ........... 518 

Available Literature 530 

Shopping the Audio 

Market ...................... 



J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder 

R. W. Burbans J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy C. F. Swisher 

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrawitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas 


E. J. Foster D. L. Kleppcr J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghauscn 



Evelyn A. Morris Associate Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor 

Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus I 

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 20, No. 6. July/August. 1972. Published monthly 

except January/February and July/August when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering 

Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office. 124 East 40th Street, 

New York. N.Y. 10016. Executive office. Room 929. Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street. New 

York. N.Y, 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additions! mailing offices. 

Subscrlpt~on to, nonmembers, $30,00 per year. Copyright 1972 by the Audio Engineering Society. 

The Journal is ~ndexed In the Applied Science &Technology tndex. 


paper in this issue-if direct permission is obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the 

author(s) and this journal. An author. or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper in full 















R. T. Bozak 

Marvin Camras 



J. L. Ooms 


rohn E. Volkmann 








A. E. Gmher Finance 











SECTIONS 


Europe - japan . ios Angeles 

- Midwest . New York . San 

Francisco . Southeastern (Atlanta) 

Washington, D.C. 


Dorothy El. Spronck 


WCIETY COMMUNICATIONS 

Manuscripts. editorial and advertising 


Editorial Offices, Audio Eng~neering 







may be obtained from either office. %p 


VOLUME 20 NUMBER 7 SEPTEMBER 1972 

ARTICLES 

Sound-Image Localization in Multichannel Matrix Reprodnction 

Osamu Kohsaka. Eiji Satoh, and Takeqhi Nakayama 542 

Measurements of the Mechanical Properties of Magnetic Tape 

Robert A Finger. Patrisk Murphv, and Edward J. Fosrer 549 

A Noise-Reduction System: Dynamic Spectral Filtering ..... Fred H. Ives 558 

Digital Speech Data Transniissiorr Using Pitch Synchronous .%nalysis and 

Extremal Coding .................... Renati De Mori and Angelo Serra 562 

Eleven-Dag Sound Systen~ for 325 000 People .......... Robert F. Ancha 568 

The State of the Art in Noise Snrveys ................. A. J. Szecsiidy 574 

PROJECT NOTES/EMGIMEERING BRIEFS 

Unipot - rl. Panoramic Potentiometer for Quadrasonic Use . . Bjoril Bluthgen 580 

The Playback Sound System of The Festival Theatre of Stratford, Ontario, 

Canada ............................................. Robert Scales 581 


Advantages of Using Peak Power Ratings Instead of Alerage Power 

John C. McKnight 584 

DEPARTMENTS 

Review of Acoustical Patents ... 587 Available Literati-we .......... 606 

Stcindards .................... 596 Shopping the Audio Market ..... 610 

Sound Track ................ 602 Membership Information ....... 616 

EDlTOWlAL BOARD 


R. tV. Burhaus J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy C. F. Swisher 



E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghaosen 

hf. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward 

Wahtrt 0. Febr Editor 

lacqwline Harley M lnaglnf: Editor 

Evelyn A. Morris Ascociate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Adverrismg "tlanege: 

Edwin S. Berg,in?ini Contributing Edi~or Ingeborg AM. Stochmal Cop! Ed~tol 

Harr) F. Olson Editor Em, Ol'ltll< 

.Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 20, No. 7, September, 1972. Published monthly 

except January/Fehruary and July/August when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering 

Sncl~ty and cupplied to all members In good standing Publicati0.n office. 124 East 40th Street, 

New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929, Llncoln Bullding, 60 East 42nd Street, New 

York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage pald at New York, N.Y. and at addltlonal mailing offices. 

S~~hsrrlnt~nn to nonmembers. 330.00 oer "ear Coavriaht 1972 bv the Audio Engineering Society. 

ThiToGn;~ i;-indexed in-che'~-iilied ~cie;lce & ~ ichnolo~y Index. 

The Journal of the Aud~o Eng~neering Soclety hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any 

paper In this issue if direct permission is obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the 

author(si and this iournai. An author. or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper in full 

cred~tiny this journal. This permission is not assignable. 


trademark in the Unlted States Patent Offlce.


Hugh S. Allen, Jr. President 

John J. Bubbers Executive Vice-President 

David L. Klepper Eastern Vice-President 

Marvin Camras Central Vice-President 

Hal Michael Western Vice-President 


Arthlir E. Gr~lloer Trzasurer 



Peter Burkowitz 

Ray M. Dolby 

James H. Mogen 

J. 6. McKnight 

J. L. Ooms 

William L. Rohinson 

J. G. Woodward 

* COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN 


6. W. Bartlett Awards 

W. L. Robinson Convention Policy 



D. J. Plunkett Historical 

J. J. Bubhers Laws & Resolutions 


J. H. Kogen Membership 

J. G. Woodward Nominations 


H. 0. Kaitchnck Sections 


R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships 


SECTIONS 

British - Canada 

Central Europe - Japan 

Los Angeles . Midwest 

New York . San Francisco 

Southeast (Atlanta) 




Adrninistrativc Secretary 






New Yolk 10016. Address all other 




Membership infortnation and back copies 

may be obtained from cither office.-> 


lUDlO E161NEER1N6 SOCIETY 

AUDIO /ACOUSTiCS/A$PL!CATJONS 

VOLUME 20 NUMBER 8 OCTOBER 1972 

ARTICLES 

High-Quality Professional Recording Using New Digital Techniques 

John P. Myers and Abe Feinberg 622 

Voltage-Controlled Gain in the Audio Channel .... Jan Melis and B. Nijholt 629 

Delay Effects in Loudspeakers .......................... Paul W. Klipsch 634 

A Reexamination of the S/N Question for Systems with Time-Varying 

Gain or Frequency Response ............... Barry Blesser and Fred Ives 638 

Requirements For Theatre Sound and Communication Systems 

David L. Klepper 642 

Model Railroad Sound System ..................... Herbert T. Chaudiere 650 

Portable Data Acquisition Unit for Word Recognition Research 

Herman Levin and William Lord 656 


Comnlents on "Misnomer 'RMS Power'" (Paul W. Klipsch, JAES 20, 5 (June 

1972)) and " 'RMS Power' Versus Average Power" (D. A. Kerr, JAES 20, 

5 (June 1972)) ...................................... Hugo A. Bandy 664 

More About "RMS Power" .......................... Richard R. Moore 664 

DEPARTMENTS 

Review of Acoustical Patent$ . . 666 

AES at the Waldorf ............ 670 

Complete Convention Program . . 684 

News of the Sections ........... 700 


Sound Track ................. 702 

Shopping the Audio Market ..... 706 

Available Literature ........... 7 10 




D. H. Coopw P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas 




Robert 0. Fclar Editor 


Evelyn A. Morris Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager 

Edwin S. Bergarnini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor 


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 20, No. 8. October. 1972. Published monthly 


Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 124 East 40th Street, 

New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive off~ce, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New 

York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additions! mailing offices. 

Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1972 by the Audio Eng~neering Society. 


The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint i? part, any 

paper in this issue if d~rect permission is obtained from its author(s) and credit-IS glven to the 

author(s) and this journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce hts paper in full 

crediting this journal. This permlssion is not assignable. 





John J. Bubbers Executive Vice-president 




Donald I. Plunkett Secretary 

Arthur E. Gn~ber Treasurer 

BOARDOFGOVERNORS 


Peter Bnrkowitz 

Ray M. Dolby 

James H. Kogen 


J. L. Oo~ns 




M. Camras Admi5sionq 

G. W. Rartlett Awards 





J. J. Rubbers I aws & Re\olutions 




B. B. Baner Pliblications Policy 

H. 0. Kaitchnek Sections 

J. G. McKnight Standard5 

R. M. Dolby Su\taining Memberships 


SECTIONS 

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ADMlNlSTRATlON 




Manuscripts. editorial and advertising 




New Yoik 10016. Address all other 





may be obt;~incd pro ti^ either officc. -$!F+Z 


AUDIO EHGIIEERING SOGIETY 

VOLUME 20 NUMBER 9 NOVEMBER 1972 

ARTICLES 

Londspeaker Distortion Associated with Low-Frequency Signals 

H. D. Harwood 718 

Playback Effects from Matrix Recordings .............. Howard M. Durbin 729 

Reverberation Chambers .................................. M. Rettinger 734 

Time Compression and Expansion of Speech by the Sampling Method 

Francis F. Lee 738 

Velocity Sensing-Thc Parameter for a Complete Tape Transport Motion 

Control ........................................ James C. Strickland 743 

Acoustic Evaluation of Prosthetic Cardiac Valve In the Audio Spcctr~nn 

Benedicl Kingsley 750 


I A Fail-safe Andio Power Anlplifier ............. Martin Gittleman 756 

I LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 

I 

Voltage Co~ltrolled Gain in the Audio Channel-Appendix 

I , 

Jan Melis and B. Nijholt 759 

Desirability of Tape Rating System ........................ Gerald Shirley 761 

I Reply to "Dcsirahility of Tape Rating System" ........ John G. McKnight 

(Gerald Shirley, JAES 20. 9 (November 1972)) 

762 

, 

I 

Power Specifications .................................... R. David Read 762 

1 Four Channel ....................................... Paul W. Klipsch 763 

I DEPARTMENTS 

Standards ..................... 764 Sound TI-ack .................. 782 

Review of Acousticai J'aterrts .... 770 Audio Market Place ............ 786 

Membership Sro1.y ............. 774 Available L~terature ............ 789 

Sections ...................... 778 Mcmbel-ship Information ....... 792 


J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen M. R. Sehroeder 

H. W. Brrrhans J. M. Hollywood D. S, McCoy C, P. Swisher 



E. .I. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen 


Robcrt 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey M:tnag~ng Editor 


Edwin S. Bergarnini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor 


Journal of the Aud~o Engineering Society. Volunre 20. No. 9. November, 1972. Publrshed monthly 

except January/Fcbruary and July/August when publizhed hi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering 

Society and supplied to all members In good stand~ng. Publrcatlon offrce, 124 Fast 40th Street, 

New York. N.Y. 10016. Executive office. Room 929. Lincoln Butldlng. 60 East 42nd Street. New 

York N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additronal mailing offlces. 

~ubdcriptlon to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyr~ght 1972 by the Audio Engineering Society. 

The Journal is ir~dexed in the Applied Science &Technology Index. 

The Journal of the Audio Engineering Soc~ety hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any 

paper in this issue if dii-ect permisston IS obtaaned frorrl its author(s) and credlt is given to the 

auttior(s) and this journal. An author, or his research aff~lratc may reproduce his paper in full 

crediting this journal. This pet-rniss~on is not assignable. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Socicty" and its cover design has been reg~stered as a 

trademark in the IJnited State? Patcnt Offrce.







Donald J. Plnnkett Secretary 

Arthur E. Crnber Treasurer 


George W. Eartlett 


Ray M. Dolby 



J. L. Ooms 

William I,. Robinson 



M. Camras Adrnissioils 

G. W. Bartlett Awards 



A. E. Gruher Finance 

D. 5. Plunkett Historical 

9. J. Bubbers Laws & Rcsoluiions 


I. H. Kogen Membenhip 

5. G. Woodward Nominations 

B. B. Blauer Poblications Policy 

H. 0. Kaitchock Sections 


K. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships 


SECTIONS 


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Dorotb) H. Sprouck 

4d1ninist1 ntive Secretary 


Manus~r~pts, ediloiial and advertrsing 

corlespondence should be sent to 

Edito~i,~l Offlces, Audio Enginee~ing 

Socrety Journal, 124 Fast 40th Street, 


Eociet~. bu\iness to the Audio Engrneeiing 

Soc~ety, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 

60 Ed5t 42nd St. New YorL, N.Y. 10017. 

Mernhersh~p infor~natlon and back copies 

may be obtdlned from e~thes office. --SY~*J 

1 JBhiRNAB OF THE 


i 

I VOLUME 20 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 1972 

I ARTICLES 

Closed-Box Loudspeaker Systems--Part I: Analysis ...... Richard H Small 798 

4-2-4 Matrix Systems: Standards, Practice, and Interchangeability . . Jol111 Eargle 809 

CornpatihEe FM Broadcasting of Panoramic Sound 

J. James Gibson, Roy M Chr~\tensen, and Allen L. R. Limberg 816 

Acoustics and tire .ictivc Enclosure ........................ Cecil R Cable 813 

Modulation Distortion in Loudspeakers: Part 111 ....... Paul W. Klrpsch 827 

TTL Circuits for Monophoiiic Devices .............. Ralph W Bushan5 829 

Production of Dolby B-Type Ca%scttes ............. D. P. Robinson 813 

I 

: PROJECT NOTES/ENGINEERING BRIEFS 

Measurement of the Acoustical Propertics of the Concert Hall of the Michael 1 

C. Rockefeller Arts Center, State University College at Fredonia, New York 

I 

C. A. Lincoln and G. Mbundji 842 

I 

A VU Mrter for the Blind Operator 

DEPARTMENTS 

R~chard CJ. Allen and Ralph A. Antonacci 845 

Review of Acoustical Patents ... 848 Sound Track ................. 862 

News of the Sections .......... 855 Audio Market Place ........... 866 

Fditorial .................... 858 Available 1,iteraturc ........... 870 




R. W. Borhans J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy C. F. Swisher 


J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent K. A. Moog E. L. Torick 



Rohcrt 0. Felar Fditor Jacqoc?line llarvey Managing Editor 


Edwin S. Bcrgarnini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Cop] Editor 

Ilarry F. Olson Editor Emeritus 

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. Voluine 20, No. 10. December, 1972. Published monthly 

except Januaty/February and Juiy/August when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Enginccring 

Society and >upplied to all members In good standing. Publicallon offlce, 124 East 40th Street. 

New York, N.Y. 10016. Execut~ve off~ce, Room 929, Lincoln Bullding, 60 East 42nd Street. New 

York, N.Y. 10017. Second class poatage pald at New York, N.Y. and at addttlonal mailing offlces. 

Subscrlpt~on to nor~n~embers, $3O.UU per year. Copyr~ght 1912 by the Audlo Englneerirlg Suciety, 

The Journal is indexed in the Applled Science & Technology Index. 

The Journal of the Aud~o Engineering Society hereby grants perrrlis5ion to reprint in part, any 

paper In this issue if direct permlsslon 1s obtained froln it5 author(s) and credlt 1s given to the 

author(s) and this journal. An author, or ti15 resear-ch aff~liate rnay reproduce his paper in full 

crediting this journal. This perm~ssion is not asslgnable: 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Soclety" and ]is cover design has beer1 registered as a 

trademark in the United States Patent Offlce. 

I












Ray M. Dolby 



J. L. Ooms 










9. J. Bubbers Laws & Resolutions 









SECTIONS 




New York - San Francisco 











Ncw York 10016. Address all other 





may be obtained from elther office:+ggw 

g ' AUDIO B 

EN IETY 

VOLUME 21 NUMBER 1 JANUARY/FEBRUAWY 1973 

ARTICLES 

Yeriphong: With-Height Sonn~d Repmdriction ........... Michael A. Gerzon 2 

Closed-Box Loudspeaker Systems-Part 11: Synthesis ...... Richard H. Small 11 

Recording Techniques for SQ Matrix Quadraphonic Discs 

Benjamin B. Bcuer. Gerald A. Budelman, and Daniel W. Gravereaux 19 

Experimental Investigation of Sound-System-Room Feedback William K. Connor 27 

The Design and Use of a Simple Pseudo Ra~adom Pink-Noise Generator 

5). B. Keele, Jr. 33 

PROJECT NOTES/ENGlNE%RING BRllEFS 

A Study to Establish Optimum Level on Cassette Tape Copies 

Stewart L. Smith and James B. Wood 42 

DEPARTMENTS 

R~ 

Review of Acoustical 13aten:s .... 52 Available Literature ........... 62 

News of thc Sxtions .......... 56 Audio Market Place ........... 66 

SoundTrack .................. 58 Membership Tnformation ....... 70 

Index to Vo!ume 20 ........... 75 





J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R, A. Moog E. L. Torick 

E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper 9. T. Mullin D. R. von Reckliughausen 


Robert 0. Febr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor 

Evelyn A. Morris Asvociate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager 

Edwin S. Bergarnini Contributing Editor Hngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor 

Narn F. OISOP, Editor Emerituq 

Journal of the Audio Engtneering Society. Volume 21, No. 1, January/February 1973. Published 

monthly except January/February and JuiyIAugust when published bi-monthly, by the Audio 

Engineering Society and suoplied to all )members In good standing. Publication offlce, 124 East 

40th Street, New York, N.Y: 10016. Executive office. Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd 

Street New York N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional 

mailin'= offices. ~Lbscri~tion to nonmembers, 830.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Engineering 

Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science i% Technology Index. 

The Journal of the Audlo Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any 

paper in this issue ~f direct perrnisbiuil is obtained from its author($ and credit is given to the 


cred~ting this journal. This permission IS not assignable, 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ts cover design has been registered as a 













Ray M. Dolby 



J. L. Ooms 

William L. Rohinson 









J. J. Bubbers Laws & Resolutions 









SECTIONS 


Central Europe Japan 









Manuscripts, editorial and adve~tising 













ARTICLES 

Gradient Loudspeakers ............................... Harry F. Olson 86 

A Theory of Scanning Loss in Phonographs .............. James V. White 94 

Equalizing the Monitoring Environment ..................... John Eargle 103 

Perceptual Study of Segments of Intervocalic Stops and Affricates 

S. K. Gupta. S. S. Agrawal and Rais Ahmed 108 

PROJECT NOTES/ENGIMEERING BRIEFS 

EIA RS-400 "Reproducer Test Tape'' Reviewed ......... John G. McKnight 115 

Loudspeaker Standards and Loudspeaker Performance Limitations 

Richard H. Small 117 

Relative Importance of the Direct and Reverberant Fields to Spectrum 

Perception ..................... -. .................. Daniel Queen 119 

Computer-Generated Pure Tones and Noiqe and Its Application to 

Psychoacoustics ................................. Milton Rosenstein 121 

I 

Audio Engineering and Equipment Requirements for Stereo Television 

Production That Meets Perceptual Demands ..... Wllllam L. Kaffenberger 127 

THE FORUM 

Comrneuts on "Field-Type Artificial Voice" 

(H. F. Olson, JAES 20, 6 (July/August 1972)) . . . Robert B. Dyer 129 

Action in Ithaca .............................. Bernard A. Hutchins Jr. 129 

Sir Who? .............................................. Percy Wilson 130 

Comments on "Requirements for Theatre Sound and Co~n~lln~lication Systems" 

(D. L. Klepper, J-AES 20, 8 (October 1972)) .......... Bertram 0. Schultz 130 

DEPARTMENTS 

Review of Acoustical Patents .... 132 Available Literature ........... 148 

News of the Sections ........... 140 Shopping the Audio Market ..... 150 

Sound Track .................. 144 Membership Information ....... 153 


J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen hl. R. Schroeder 

R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood D. S. RlcCoy R. H. Small 

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thonlas 




Robcrt 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor 


Edwin S. Bergamini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Cop) Editor 

Harrj F. Olson Editor Emeritus 

Journal of the Audlo Eng~neering Society. Volume 21, No. 2 March 1973. Published monthly 

except January/February and July/August when published bi;inonthly: by the Audio Engineering 

Society and supplied to all members In good standing. Publication office, 124 East 40th Street, 

New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New 

York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at addit~onal rnalllng off~ces. 

Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audlo Eng~neerlng Society. 





crediting this journal. This permission is not assignable, 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ts cover design has been registered as a 




John J. Buhbers Executive Vice-President 





Arttltir E. Grnbcr Treasurer 



Peter Burkowilz 

Ray M. Dolby 



J. L. Ooms 

William I,. Robinson 







A. E. Gruher Finance 


J. J. Rubbers Laws & Resolutions 


J. H. Bogen Membership 


B. B. B:mcr Publications Policy 

H. 0. Kaitchock Sections 


R. RI[. Dolby Sustaining Memberships 


SECTIONS 



I,orl Angeles - Midwest 

New York . Sarr Francisco 

Soutl~east (Atlanta) 




Administrative Secrctary 











may be obtaincd from either office. ..^





Manin Camras Central Vice-President 


Donald J. Pluukett Secretary 

Arthur E. Grnber Treasurer 




Ray R.I. Dolby 

James H. Mogen 

J. G. McKnigbt 

J. L. Ooms 

Willia~n L. Robinson 



M. Carnras Adn~issions 











H. 0. Kaitch~~ck Sections 




SECTIONS 


Central Europe .Japan 

Los Angeles Midwest 

New York San Francisco 








8- correspondence should be sent to 


Society Journal. 124 East 40th Street, 

New Yoik 10016. Address all othcr 



60 East 42nd St.. New York, N.Y. 10017. 


may be obtained from either office. ~ s ~ l 




ARTICLES 

Sensitivity of Thiele's Vented Loudspeaker Enclosure Alignments to Paran~eter 

Variations ......................................... D. B. Keele. Jr. 246 

Quadraphonic One Point Pickup Microphone ............ Tabeo Yamamoto 256 

Synthesis of the llusical Scale Using Noninteger Frequency Division 

G. W. Small 262 

Tubes Versus Transistors-Is There an Audible Difference? . Russell 0. Hamm 267 


Characteristics of Reverberation Chamber Daniel Queen and Raymond Stanner 274 

Sir~lple Bandpass Filters ........................... Ralph W. Burhans 275 

Low-Bit Sine-Wave Approximations for Audio Signal Sources Ralph W. B~lrhans 277 

Design Considerations for a Transportable Sound-Reinforcement System 

Allan P. Smith 279 

The Status of Broadcast Cartridge Design .............. Robert L. Manierre 281 

FORUM 

Rlore on Tape Rating 

(Gerald Shirley, John G. RlcKnight. JAES 20. 9 (Yovembel 1972)) Gerald Shirley 287 

Comments on "Desirability of Tape Rating System" 

(Ce~ald Sh~rleq, John G. McKnight. JAES 20, 9 (Norwn'oer 1972)) Bas11 Lane 287 

Co~nments on "Dehy Effects in Loudspeakers" 

(Paul W. Kllpsch, JAES 20. 8 (October 1972)) ........... Stephen J. Cour~ 288 

Reply to "Comn~ents on 'Delay Effects in IAo~idspeaker\"9 

(Stephen J. Court, JAES 21. 4 (May 1973)) ................ Paul W. Kl~psch 2'38 

Com~nents on "Model Railroad Sound System" 

(Herbert T. Chaud~ere. JAES 20, 8 (October 1972)) ..... William Hoskins 289 

DEPARTMENTS 

And Ko\v ... C-3: AES Convenes 

in Rotterdam ............... 290 

Complete Program ............ 302 

New-s of the Scctions .......... 320 

Sound Track .................. 324 


Revie\\. of Acoustical Patents .... 309 Shopping the Audio hlarket ..... 332 

Secretary's Repvrt 011 Growth of hlen~hershi~ Information ....... 336 

AES-El:]-ope ................ 3 16 In Memoriam ................ 340 


J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. 11. Kogen &I. R, Schroeder 

R. FV. Borhans J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy R. H. Srnall 




R4. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward 


Evelyn A. hlorris Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager 

Edwin S. Beqsrnini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copj Editor 


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society Volume 21, No. 4, May, 1973. Published -monthly 

except January/February and July/August hhen published bi;monthly, by the Audlo Engineering 

Society and suppl~ed to all members in good standing. Publication office, 124 East 40th Street, 

New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office. Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd .Street. New 

York. N.Y. 10017. Second class postage pa~d at New York, N.Y. and at addittonal mailing off~ces. 

Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Engineering Society. 



paper in this issue if dlrect permission is obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the 

author(s1 and thls iournal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper in full 

cred~tlng this journal. Thts permission 1s not assignable. 


trademark in the Unlted States Patent Office.





Mamn Camras Central Vice-President 







Ray M. Dolby 



J. L. Ooms 















H, 0. Kaitchuck Sections 




SECTIONS 

British Canada 

Central Europe . Japan 


New York San Francisco 

Soiitheast (Atlanta) 









Society Journal, 124 EasL 40th Street, 

New Yoik 10016. Address all other 





may be obtained from either office. 



AUDIO l ACOUSTlCS [APPLICATIONS 


ARTICLES 

Quadraphonic Matrix Perspective-Advances in SQ Encoding and Decoding 

Technology .................... Benjamin B. Bauer, Richard G. Allen, 

Gerald A. Budelman, and Daniel W. Gravereaux 342 

Dolby B-Type Noise Rednction for FM Broadcasts .......... D. P. Robinson 35 1 

Optimum Use of Noise Reduction in FM Broadcasting ....... Ray M. Dolby 357 

Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems-Part Analysis 

Richard H. Small 

Enhanced Electronic Organ Performance by Means of Custom LSI Devices 

Warren J. Brunsting 373 


A Method of Coding Complex Shapes for the Blind by an Auditory Display 

Raymond M. Fish 378 

Sound of the Games .................... Donna Roizen and Joseph Roizen 381 

A Method for Qualifying Recorded Tone Bursts ...... William M. Blethen 387 

FORUM 

Edncation on Audio 

(J. R. Ashley, JAES 21, 3 (April 1973)) .................. Almon H. Clegg 400 

Hertzian Theory and Scanning Loss 

................ 

(J. V. White, JAES 21, 2 (March 1973)) Duane H. Cooper 400 

DEPARTMENTS 

Standards ................... 395 Shopping the Audio Market .... 4 14 

Review of Acoustical Patents ... 402 Available Literature ........... 4 1 7 

News of the Sections .......... 408 Membership Information ....... 420 

Sound Track ................. 411 Revised Bylaws ............... 425 



R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy R. H. Small 



E. 3. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Reeklinghausen 


Robert 0. Fehr Editor 



Edwin S. Bergamini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stoclunal Copy Editor 


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 21. No. 5, June, 1973. Published monthly 

except January/February and July/AUgust when published bi-monthly by the Audio Engineering 

Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication oifice 124 East 40th Street, 

New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Reom 929, Lincoln Building, 60 kast 42nd Street, New 

York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage pald at New York, N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. 

Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Aud~o Engineering Society. 

The Journal is indexed in the Applied Sclence & Technology Index.. 

The Journal of the Aud~io Engineering Society hereby grants perrnlssion to reprint in part, any 

paper in this issue if dlrect permission is obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the 

author(s) and this journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper In full 



trademark in the Un~ted States Patent Office,

C 












Ray M. Dolby 



J. L. Ooms 











Rr. HH. Freitag Library 




El. 0. Kaitchuck Sections 




SECTIONS 


Central Europe Japan 












Society Journal, 124 Fast 40th Street, 



Society, Room 929. Lincoln Building, 

60 East 42nd St., New York. N.Y. 10017. 


may be obtained from either office. --. 

AUDIO ENlilNEER116 SOCIETY 

auDro /acous~rc=s ~APPL~CATI~~NS 

VOLUME 21 NUlVlBER 6 

ARTICLES 

Some Single- and Multiple-Source Localization Effects ..... Mark. B. Gardner 430 

Vented-Box 1,oudspeaker Systems-Part 11: Large-Sikwal Analysis 

Kichard 1%. Small 438 

A New Automatic Noise-Reduction System (ANRS) 

Masami Yamazaki and lsao Masuda. 445 

A Loodspeakcr System Design Utilizing A Sixth-Order Butterworth Response 

Characteristic .................................. Raymond J. Newman 450 


Tempered Tone-Scale Generation From A Single Oscillator . Nico V. FI-anssen 457 

Clavicl~ord Amplication ............................ Ralph W. Burl~an.: 460 

DEPARTMENTS 

45th Convention Report ........ 464 News of the Sections .......... 512 

Standards ................... 488 Sound Track ................. 514 

Review of Acoustical Patenls ... 390 Available Literature ......... 517 

Lxhibits Preview .............. 454 Menlbershlp Information ..... 520 



R. W. Burhaus J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy R. H. Small 


J. M. Eargle E, L. Kent R. A. Moog E. L. Torick 





Edwin S. Bergamini Contributing Editor IIngeborg Ma Stochmal Copy Editor 

Hany F. Olson Editor Emeritus 

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volunie 71, No. 6, July/August 1973. Published monthly 

except January/February and July/August when published bi-monthly, 'by the Audio Engineering 

Society and supplied to all riiembers in good standing. Publication office, 124 East 40th Street, 

New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929. Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street. New 

York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional rnailirrg offices. 

Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Engineering Society. 



paper in this issue if direct perri?ission IS obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the 




trademarh in the Unlted States Patent Office.












Ray M. Dolby 



J. L. Ooms 




-. M. Camras Admissions 

G. W. Bartlctt Awards 














SECTIONS 


Central Europe. Japan 

Los Angeles Midwest 





Dorothy H. Sprouck 














AUDIO EIGINEERIIG SOCIETY 


ARTICLES 

The Synthesis of Complex Audio Spectra by Means of Frequency 

Modulation ...................................... John M. Chowning 526 

Pulse-Code-Modulation Recording System . Hiroshi Iwamura, Hideaki Hayashi, 

Atsushi Miyashita, and Takeaki Anazawa 535 

PCM Recorder-A New Type of Audio Magnetic Tape Recorder .... N. Sato 542 

Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems-Part III: Synthesis ..... Richard H. Small 549 

Dynamic Damping of Stylus Compliance/Tone-Arm Resonance 

Gary T. Nakai 555 

Instrumentation and Methods of Violin Testing ........ Carleen M. Hutchins 563 

A Proposed Standard Method of Measuring the Directivity Factor "Q of 

Loudspeakers Used in Commercial Sound Work .............. Don Davis 571 

PROJECT NOTES/ ENGINEERING BRIEFS 

The Drone-Cone, Phase-Inverter Loudspeaker .............. Harry F. Olson 582 

FORUM 

The Validity of the "Momentary" Power Output Rating to Amplification of 

Speech ............................................... Daniel Queen 583 

More About Education in Audio Engineering ............. J. Robert A~hley 586 

DEPARTMENTS 

Review of Acoustical Patents .... 588 Sound Track ................. 599 

........... 

A New Look at Section Activity Available Literature 603 

-Report ................... 594 Shopping the Audio Market 605 

.......... 

.... 

....... 

News of the Sections 596 Membership Information 609 


J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder 

B. Blesser R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy R. H. Small 

R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight 1. B. Thomas 

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog E. L. Torick 

J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen 

E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward 



Edwin S. Bergamini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor 


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society Volume 21 No. 7, September, 1973. Published monthly 

except January/February and ~uly/~u~u;t when pudlished bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering 

Society and suppl~ed to all members in good standing. Publication office, 124 East 40th Street, 

New York, N.Y. 10016. Execut~ve office. Room 929. Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street, New 

York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York. N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. 

Subscription.to nonmembers, $30.00 pcr year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Engineering Society. 


The Journal of the Audio Engineering Soc~ety hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any 


author(s1 and this journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper in full 

crediting this journal. This permission is not ass~gnable. 


trademark in the United States Patent Office. I


John J. Bnhbcrs Presidcnt 

John M. Eargle President-Elect 

John M. Woram Vice Pres~dent. Eastern 

Regron 

Dnane H. Cooper Vice President, Ccntral 

Ke~ioll 

Leon Wortman Vice P~esident. Western 

Region 

Peter bark ow it^, Vice Prcsidcnt, Europe 

Region 

Stephen P. Temn~er V~ce President, Inter- 

national 

Donald J, Pltmkeit Sccreta~ y 

Arthur E. Gruber Treasu~ cr 


II~rgh S. Allen, Jr. 


Barry A. Blesser 

Ray M. Dolby 

W. Rex Isom 


Donald W. Powers 

Emil L. Torick 

J. G, Wooclward 


J. M. Woram Admissions 

1. G. Woodward Awards 



1). J. Plunkett Hcadquarters Administrative 

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1 JOURNAL OF THE 


: VOLUME 21 NUMBER 8 OCTOBER 1973 

; ARTICLES I 

QMY Carrier-Channel Disc ...................... Uume I3 Cooper, et al. 614 

A IIaif-Speed Cutting of tlie CD-4. A Discrete 4-Ch;1nuel Record and Other 

Improvements of the System .......................... T. Inoue, et al. 625 

Development of Skew Sarnpli~~g Compensator for Tracing Error 

S. Washizawa, et al. ............................................... 630 

Vented-llox Loodspeaker Systems-Part 1V: Appendices ........ R. H. Small 635 

Experimental Electronic Music Devices Employing Walsh F~rnctions 

Bernard A. Hulchins, Jr. ........................................... 640 

Eqnivalent Aco~rstie Distance ............................... Don Davis 646 

FORUM 

On Darnage Risk Throngh Occupational Noise Exposure . . Alcv Szecsody 650 

Comments on "Tubes Versus Transistors-Is There an Audible Difference?" 

(Russell 0. Hamm. JAES 21. 4 (May 1973)) ............ K. Sleven Mintz 651 

Comments on ''On Chaffs'' 

(W~lliam Hoskins, JAES 21, 4 (May 1973)) and "Model Railroad Sound 

System" (Herbelt 'T. Chaud~cie, JAES 20, X (October 1972)) . . D. A. Kcrr 651 

More on Audio Education 

(A. H. Clegg, JAES 21, 5 (June 1973)) and "What is thc Need for Univer- 

sity Level Education in Audio?" (I. R. Ashley, JAES 21, 3 (April 1973)) 

Geoffrey L. Wilson .............................................. 651. 

Reply to Comments on Audio Education ................. Almon H. Clegg 652 

Feedback on Clavichords 

(Kalph W. Rrirhan~. JAI-S 21, 6 (luiy/August 1973)) . . Kalph W. B~~rhans 652 

DEPARTMENTS 

~ 

Review of Acoustical Patenls ... 662 Sound Track ................. 670 

C. G. McProud, 46th Convention 

Banquet Speech ........... 657 

News of the Sections .......... 668 




Membership Inforn~ation ...... 682 


R. Blesser R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy R. H. Small 

R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas 

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog E. L. Torick 

J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen 



Evelyn A. Moms Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager 

Edwin S. Bergamini Contributing Editor Iugeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor 


Journal of the Audio Engineer~ng Society, Volume 21. No. 8, October, 1973. Published monthly 



New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office. Room 929. Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street, New 


Subrcriptinn to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Engineering Society. 







trademark in the United States Patent Off~ce.


John J. Bubbers President 


John M. Woram Vice President, Eastern 

Region 

Duane H. Cooper Vice President, Central 

Region 

Leon Wortman Vice President, Western 

Reglon 

Peter Burkowitz, Vice President, Europe 

Region 

Stephen F. Temmer Vice President, Inter- 

national 

Donald J. PIunkett Secretary 



Hugh S. Allen, Jr. 



Ray M. Dolby 

W. Rex Isom 



EmiI L. Torick 

J, G. Woodward 


b. M. Woram Admissions 

J. G. U'oodward Awards 



D. 3. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative 


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SECTIONS 


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Japan Los AngeIes 

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AUOlO ENGINEERING SOCIETY 


The Delay Plane, Objective Analysis of Subjective Properties-Part I 

Richard C. Heyser 696 

Rate-Feedback Binary Counters in Musical Scale Generation . . C. W. Small 762 

The Pitfalls of the General-Purpose IC Operational Amplifier as Applied to 

Audio Signal Processing ............................ Walter G, Jung 706 


Some Thoughts on Cassette Duplication .................. M. B. Martin 715 

Subminiature Electret Microphone in a Tie Tac .......... Alan R. Watson 719 

Noise and Uncle .................................. Weems L. Clevenger 724 

Estimating Noise Exposure for Site Selection and Exterior Wall Design, 

Harold R. Mull 726 

FORUM 

On the Svnthesis of Closed-Box Svsten~s Using Available Drivers 

(R. H. kmall, JAES 20, 10 (December 1972)and 

JAES 21, 1 (January/February 1973)) ................ K. P. Zacharia 729 

More on. .. Measuring the Directivity Factor, " Q ... 

(Don Davis, JAES 21, 7 (September 1973)) ................ Don Davis 730 

DEPARTMENTS 

Four Faces of Convention ...... 732 The Need for an Audio 

Engineering Society? ......... 766 

Complete 46th Convention Sound Track ................. 772 

Program .................. 746 Shopping the Audio Market .... 776 

........... 

How It All Began ............ 762 Available Literature 778 




B. Blesser R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy R. H. Small 

R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas 

D. H. Coopa P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog E. L. Torick 

J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. vou Recklinghausem 




Edwin S. Bergamini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmd Copy Editor 


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. Volume 21, No. 9. November. 1973. Published monthiy 

except January/February and JulY/August when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering 

Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publicat~on office, 124 East 40th Street 

New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, ~ e $ 


Subscript~on to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Engineering Society. 




autfior(s) and this journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper in full 

cred~ting this journal. This permission is not assignable. 







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VOLUME 21 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 1973 

The Delay Plane, Objective Analysis of Subjective Properties: Part II 

Richard C. Heyser ................................................ 786 

Phase Difference and Sound Image Localization 

Takeshi K. Matsudaira and Takeshi Fukami .......................... 792 

Development of an Advanced Fe,O; Cassette Tape Coafiiig ...... F. J. Sischka 798 

Designing an Auditorium Sound Reinforcement System ... .Peter D. Hiscocks 809 

The Precedence Effect in Sound Localization (Tut~rial Reprint) 

Hans Wallach, Edwin B. Newrnm, and Mark K. Rosenzweig ............ 817 

FORUM 

Further Comments on Directivity Factor 

(Don Davis, JAES 21, 7 (September 1973) and JAES 21, 9 (November 1973)) 

Don Davis ........................................................ 827 

Directivity Factor: "Q or "R,"? ...................... Geoirrey L. Wilson 828 

Still More on Audio Education ........................... .Percy Wilson 833 

School Phase Out 

Ways to Four-Channel 

DEPARTMENTS 

......................................... 

................................ 

Ray Janos 834 

Richard 6. Cabot 834 

How Caruso's Voice Shattered Shopping !he Audio Market .... 849 

Wine Glasses ................ 836 

Review of Acoustical Patents ... 838 Membership Information ...... 85 1 

N~~~ of ~~~~i~~~~ .......... g42 En Manoriurn ................ 854 

Sound Track ................ 846 Index to Volume 21 .......... 855 


J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder 

B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small 

R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas 

M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick 

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen 

J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward 



Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager 

Pngeborg M. Stochrnal Copy Editor 

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. Volume 21. No. 10, December, 1973. Published monthly 



New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New 

York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage pa~d at New York, N.Y. and at add~tlona! maillng offices. 

SubscriptionJo,nonmernbers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Engineering Soclety. 

The Journal 17 Indexed !n the ApplLed Sc~ence & Technology Index. 

The Journal of the Aud~o Englneer~ng Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any 










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VOLUME 22 NUMBER 1 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1974 

ARTICLES 

A Program-Controlled Noise Filter ........................ Robert Orban 2 

On Aural Phase Detection: Part 1 .... Villy Hansen and Erik Rorbaek Madsen 10 

Speech Acoustics for the Theatre (Reprint) .............. David L. Klepper 15 

PROJECT NOTES/ENGIMEERING BRIEFS 

An Investigation of Quantization Noise .................... Barry Blesser 20 

LSI Reality in Consumer Electronics .................... David A. Jones 22 

FORUM 

More About "Tubes Versus Transistors" .............. Roy H. Trumbull 24 

(R. 0. Hamm, JAES 21, 4 (May 1973) and R. S. Mintz, JAES 21, 8 

(October 1973)) 

Reply to "More About Tubes Versus Transistors" ............ R. S. Mintz 24 

An Interpolator for Reading Plots in Technical Journals meprint) 

Robert L. Wolke 

DEPARTMENTS 

47th AES Convention (Copenhagen) 

Exhibitors .................. 30 

Publication Award Sets Precedent 48 


52nd NAB Convention 

Exhibitors .................. 35 

SoundTrack .................. 58 


............ 

........ 

Review of Acoustical Patents .... 36 Available Literature 70 

Message from the President: 

Whither? .................. 46 

Membership Informacron 73 

In Memorium ................ 78 








Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus 


Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor 

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society Volume 22, No 1 January/February, 1974. Published 

monthly except '~anuary/~ebruary and july/~ugust whe;l bublished bi-monthly, by the Audio 

Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive 

Off~ces, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 1001/. Second class postage paid 

at New York, N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. Subscription to .nonmembers, $30.00 per 

year. Copyright 1974 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal IS indexed in the Applies 

Science & Technology Index. 


paper in this issue if d~rect permission is obtained from its author(s) and creditis given to the 

authodsi and th~s Journal. An author. or his research affilrate may reproduce hls paper In fulI 

&editing this Journal. This ermission is not assignable. 

The "Journal of the-Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design have been registered as a 

trademark in the Unlted States Patent Office.





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JOURNAL OF THE 1 

AUDIO ENGlllEERlNG SOCIETY 

VOLUME 22 NUMBER 2 MARCH 1974 1 

ARTICLES 1 

QFR.IY - Quadruplex FM Transmission Using the 4-4-4 QMX Matrix System 

Duane H. Cooper 82 1 

New Methods of Automated Flutter Analysis . . K. 0. Bader and Barry Blesser 88 

Submilriature Directional Microphones . Elmer V. Carlson and Mead C. Killion 92 


A Tabular Tuning Method for Vented Enclosures .......... D. B. Keele, Jr. 

Electret Microphone and Preamplifier Combination for Experimental Telephone 

Handset Use ........................................ J. R. Nelson 100 

FORUM 

Still More on "Still More or, Audio Education" 

(Percy Wilson, JAES 21, 10 (December 1973)) ........... John Worm 102 

Reply to Messrs. Wilson and Wilson: A Commentary on Audio Education 

(Geofrey Wilson, JAES 21, 8, (October 1973) and Percy Wilson, JAES 21, 10. 

(December 1973)) ............................ Paul S. Moverman 103 

Conlments on 'The Delay Wane, Objective Analysis of Subjective Properties: 

Part I" 

(K. C. Heyser, JAES 21. 9 (November 1973)). Michael A. Gerzon ........ 

Reply to Comments on "The Delay Plane" .......... Richard C. Heyser 105 

........................ 

The hJltimate LSEE Loudspeaker 0. Gadfly Hurtz 106 

DEPARTMENTS 

Outward and Upward with AES 

-Editoriail ................ 110 

Sound Track ................ 130 


Mixing Musical Art and 

Technology ................ 112 

Available Literature .......... 1 3 6 

Review of Acoustical Patents, . . 116 Membership Information . . - - . . 138 

News of the Sections .......... 124 In Memoriam .............. 144 











Journal of the Audio Enginee/ing Society, Volume 22, No. 2, March, 1974. Published monthly 

except January/February and July/August when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineer~ng 

Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publicat~on and Executive Offices. Lincoln 

Building. 60 East 42nd.Street! New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. 

and at additional rnail~ng offlces. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 

by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science & Technology 

Index. 

The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part. any 


author(s) and this Journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper in full 

crediting this Journal. This ermission is not assignable. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design have been registered as a 

trademark in the United States Patent Office. 

93 

104 

I





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mag be obtained from either office. 


AUDIO ENGIIIEERING SOGIETV 


ARTICLES 

Sources of the Constant T~olome Velocity and Their Use for Acoustic 

Xleasurements ...................................... Tomas Salatra 146 

Low-Frequency Loudspeaker Assessment by Nearfield Sound-Pressure Mea- 

surement ......................................... D. B. Keele, Jr. I54 

Design Considerations for a Demountable Coucert Enclosure 

(Syn~phonic Shell) (Reprlntj ........................ Chrisropher Jaffe 163 

PROJECT MOTESjEPlGlNEERlNG BRIEFS 

Optimizing Tape Transport Motion Control Using Operational-Amplifier 

Analog Signal Processing ........................ James C. Strick!and 172 

FORUM 

More on the Measurement of the Directivity Factor .... Geoffrey L. WiIsorr 180 

(Don Davis, Geoffrey L. Wilson, JAES 21, 10 (December 1973)) 

DeVry Helps Fill a Void ....................... David J. Pastrmo 186 

(Ray Janos, J.%ES 21, 10 (December 1973)) 

On Phase Difference and Sound Image Localization 

................... . Takeshi K. Matsudaira artd Takeshi Fukmi 186 

(JAW 21, 10 (December 1973)) 

Missed Connection .................................. R. N. Goodman 186 

On Considerations in the Development of an Advanced Fe2Qc Cassette Tape 

Coating ........................................... F. I. Sisehka 186 

(JAES 21: 10 (December 1973)) 

DEPARTMENTS 

Exhibits Preview-48th News of the Sections .......... 242: 

Convention .,.............. 189 

Calendar of Events ........ 210 Membership Information .... 220 


J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipseh M. R. Schroeder 



M. Camras 3. M. Hollywood J. G. McICnight E. L. Torick 

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Reeklinghausen 

3. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mnllin J. G. Woodward 


Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Mmapcr 


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society Volume 22 No. 3 April 1974. Published monthly except 

January/February and July/August whe; published hi-moithly 6y the Audio Engineering Society 

and supplied to all members in good standing, Publ~cation anh Executive Offices, Lincoln Building, 

60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 1001/. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and 

at additional mailing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by 

the Audio Erigineer~ng Society. The Jourrial is ~ndexed in the Applied Science i Technology Index. 




crediting this Journai. This ermission is not assignable. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cwer design have been registered as a 



Xohn J. Bubbers Plesident 

John M. Earple President-Elect 


Rcgion 

Duane H. Cooper Vrce President, Central 

Region 

Leon Wortman Vrce president, Western 

Regron 

Peter Borkowitz V~ce President, Furope 

Regron 

Stephen F. Temmer Vice President. Tnternational 

Donald J. Pll~nkett Secretary 

Arthur E. Gri~ber Treasurer 


Hug11 S. Allen, Jr. 


Barry A. Hleswr 

Ray M. Dolby 

W. Rex lso~u 


Donald W. Power4 

Ernil L. Torick 

I. C. Woodward 



J. C. Woodwurd Awards 



D. J. Ylunkett Headquarters Administrative 

U. J. I'lonkett Historical 

J. M. Eargle Laws & Re\olutions 

\Vs H. Freitag Library 

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H. S Allen, Jr. Nominations 


W. R. lsom Standards 

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ARTICLES 

The Legal Aspects of Magnetic Tape Recordings .......... Ilugh D. Ford 226 

Intelligibility E~lhancemerlt of Already Noisy Speech Signals 

Ian R. Thomas and A. Raviildran 231 

A Subminiature Electret-Condenser Micmphonc of New Design 

Mead C. Killiotl and Elmer V. Carlsoil 237 


Transient Inten~~odulation Distortion in Commercial Audio Amplifiers 

Natti Otala and Kaimo Ensomaa 244 

The Application of Holography in the Analysis of Vibrations of Loudspeaker 

Diaphragnls .......................................... Jan Hladky 247 

DEPARTMENTS 

Rosetta Stone-Editorial News of the Sections .......... 294 

Richard C. Heyser ........ 251 Sound Track ................ 300 

47/74 Conveiltion Report .... 252 Shopping the Audio Markct .... 302 

Cornplcte 47th Convention 

program .................. 270 Available Literature .......... 306 

Review of Acoustical Patents .. 28% Membership Information ...... 308 


J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P, !I/. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder 

B. Alesscr M. H. Gardner J. H. Kogcn R. H. Small 

R. W. Burharrs R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy 1. B. Thomas 

M. Caniras J. M. Hollywood J. G. RlcKnight E. I,. Torick 


J. M. Eargle D. L. Klcpper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward 

Robert 0. Fehr Fdito~ Harry F. Olson Editor Fmcl~tus 

Jacqoeline Harvey Manag~ng Editor Patricia M. Macdo~iald Advertising Manager 

lugeborg M. Stoch~iial Copy Fditor 

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 22, No. 4, May, 1974. Published monthly except 

Januarylfebruary and July/August when publlslied bt-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society 

and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Offices, Lincoln Building, 

60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10015. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and 

at addittonal nra~l~rig ofllces. Subscrrptlon io norlrrrenrbers. $30.00 per year. Czpyright 1974 by 

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The Journal lot the &d~o trygtlreer~ng Soclely hereby grants'Gerrntssion to reprint in ;;a&, any 

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The "Journal of the Audlo Englneer~ng Society" and ~ts cover deslgn have beer] reg~stered as a 

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Leon Wortman Vice presidcnt, Westcrn 

Region 

Peter Burkowitz Vice President, Europe 

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W. Rex Isom 











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Society Journal, 60 East 42nd Street, 










ARTICLES 

The Influence of Room Boundaries on Loudspeaker Power Output 

Roy F. Allison 314 

Field-Type Acoustic Wattmeter .......................... Harry F. Olson 321 

The Acoustical Effect of Various Factors on the Frequency Response of a 

Hearing Aid .................................. Gerald A. Studebaker 329 


Low-Cost Comb Filter Methods ...................... Ralph W. Burhans 335 

FORUM 

Tubes Versus Transistors: A Further Comment 

(Russell 0. Hamm, JAES 21, 4 (May 1993)) 

................ 

W. J. J. Hoge 338 

The Post Ultimate LSH Loudspeaker 

(0. Gadfly Hurtz, JAES 22, 2 (March 1974)) ............ I. Rogue Acoustin 338 

On "The Ultimate LSH Loudspeaker" 

(0. Gadfly Hurtz, JAES 22, 2 (March 3974)) ............ D. David Decibel 339 

........................................ Joel Tall 339 

.................................... Dale B. Watts 339 

DEPARTMENTS 

...... 

................ 

.......... 

.... 

.......... 

Audio Charisma Turns on in L.A. 340 Elcctronic Treasure Hunt 380 

48th Convention Program ...... 354 Sound Track 382 

Review of Acoustical Patents .... 368 News of the Sections 386 

49th Convention Seminars ...... 373 Shopping the Audio Market 390 

49th Convention Calendar ...... 374 Available Literature 392 

Wilms on Membership in Europe 376 Membership Information ...... 394 



B. Blesser M. B. Gardncr J. H. Kogen R. H. Small 

R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy 1. B. Thomas 


D. H. Cooper P. Kautrowitz R. A. Moog ID. R. von Recklinghausen 

1. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. 6. Woodward 





Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 22, No. 5, June, 1974. Published monthly except 

January/February and July/August when published hi-monthly by the Audio Engineering Society 

and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication anh Executive Offices. Lincoln Build- 

ing, 60 East 42nd Street,New York, N.Y, 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and 

at additional mailing offlces. Subscrlptlon to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by 

the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. 

The Journal of the Audlo Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any 

paper in this issue if dlrect permlsslon is obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the 


crediting this Journal. This permission 1s not assignable. 


trademark in the United States Patent Offtce.





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Region 

Leon Wortman Vice president, Western 

Region 


Region 

Stephen F. Tenl~mr Vice President, Inter- 

national 


Arthur E. Grober Treasurer 





Ray iVf. Dolby 

W. Rex Isom 








H. S. Allen, Jr. Conventioil Policy 



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AUDIO ENGIWEE111NIi SOCIETY 

- - - -- - 

AUDIO /ACOUSTICS /APPLICATIONS 

VOLUME 22 NUMBER 6 JULY/AUGUST 1914 

ARTICLES 

Corrchtiun Between Subiective and Objective Data for Quality TJoudspeakers 

Henrik StaKeldt 482 

The CD-4 Mark-II lModulatio~~ System 

E asumori Kokubun, S:tdaI~iho Muramoto and Johx M. Bargb 416 

Walsh Fi~nctions nu Waveform Synthesizers ...................... E Insam 422 

Smoothing the Hearing Aid Frequency Response .............. E. V. Carlsora 426 

FORUM 

A Rosetta Tone? .......................................... Don Davis 438 

(Richard C. Heyser, JAES 22, 4 (May 1979)) 

Rocks of Gibrallar .................................... Roy H. Tni~nbuil 438 

(K. N. Goodman, JAES 22, 3 (April 1974)) 

Audio Arts for Non-Engineers ........................ Ralph W. Burhalls 438 

(John Worm, Yriul S. Movcrman & 'Wixing Musical Art and Techi~ulogy," 

JAES 22, 2 (March 1974)) 

DEPARTMENTS 

Irr Pursuit of Significant Technical 

Papers-Editalial 

........... John J. Bubbers 432 

Journey to L~lnd: An Acoustical 

Adventure .................. 434 

Loan Collections at 47/74 Honor 

Danish Audio Pioneers ...... 438 

Standards ................... 445 


Review of Acoustical Patcnrs ... 446 

Exh~blt Previews-49th Convention 

..................... 464 

Ncws of- the Sections .......... 476 

Sound Track ............... 482 

Avaihble Litelamre . . , , 488 

Rlernhe~ship Information ..... 394 

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P, W. KIipsch M. R. Schroeder 

R. Blesser 1M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small 


M. Camras J. M. Hollyoc.ood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick 

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von ReckIinghaplsen 





Ingcborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor 

Journal of the Audio ~n~ineering Society, Volume 22 No. 6, July/August, 1974. Published monthly 

except JanuaryJFebruary and JulyJAugust when publl




John M. Woram Vice President, Eastelm 

Region 


Region 

Leon Wortman Vice president, Western 

Region 


Region 

Stephen F. Temnler Vice President, Inter- 

national 







Ray M. Dolby 

W. Rex Isom 











D. J. Ylunkett Historical 



5. H. Kogen Membership 






SECTIONS 

Atlanta Belgian Hnston British 


French Indianapolis Japan 



Washington Q.C. 















ARTICLES 

SEPTEMBER 1974 

Measurement of Phonograph Cartridges by the Pulse-Twin Method 

Teruo Muraoka, Hideo Onoye and Akin Takayanagi 502 

Dropout Identification and Cleaning Methods for Magnetic Tape 

D. E. Cornstock, R. D. Misner, E. A. Roberts and R. E. Zenner 511 

A Long-Life Sapphire Stylus for Discrete Qnadraphonic Discs 

Takeshi Nagai, Kiyotaka Wasa and Shigeru Hayakawa 521 

Hearing Damage from Music-United Kingdom Expcricncc ...... Alex Burd 514 

............ 

An Environmental Noise Classifier and Its Use Jerry Donovan 528 

FORUM 

Power Output for Spccch Reinforcenrerlt Amplifiers .......... Daniel Queen 535 

The Presentation of Statistical Information on a Circle . . Michael A. Gerzon 536 

DEPARTMENTS 

Call Por Papers-Slst AES Con- Sound Track ................. 572 

vent'on, Angeles 1975 .... 538 


A 7 ale of 3 Medal5 ............ 554 

Bibliography of Audio Techniques 

and Issues .................. 559 

New\ oP Lhe Seclions 566 

Upcoming Events ............. 577 

Shopping the Audio Market ..... 578 

Available Literature ........... 58 1 


111 Memollam ................. 588 


.......... 

I. R. Ashley E. J. Foster p. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder 



M. Canlras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick 

1). H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Reeklinghausen 

J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper I. T. Mullin J. 6. Woodward 

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus I 

Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager I 


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society Volume 22 No. 7. September, 1974. Published monthly 

except January/February and ~ ul~/~u~u;t when puglished hi-monthly by the Audio Eng~neering 

Society and supplied to all members in good stand~ng. Publ~cat~on and Executive Offices. Lincoln 

Build~np. 60 East 42nd- Street. New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. 

and at add~tional mail~ng off~ces. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by 

the Audio Englneer~ng Soc~ety. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Sclence &Technology Index. 

The Journal of the Audlo Eng~neering Society hereby grants permission to reprlnt In part, any 

payer Irr illis issue ~f d~rect permiss~on is obtained from its author(s) and cl-edlt IS given to the 

author(s) and this Journal. An author, or ills research aff~l~ate may reproduce his paper in full 

crediting this Journal. This errrlisslon is not ass~gnable. 

The "Journal of the Audio l!nginiring Sqciety" and ~ ts cover design have been registered as a 

trademark in the United States Patent Off~ce.


John M. Eargle President 

Duane H. Cooper President-Elect 


Region 

Peter W. Tappan Vice President, Central 

Region 


Region 


Region 


national 





J. Robert Ashley 


John J. Bubbers 

W. Rex Isom 

John T. Mullin 

Donald 1;. Richter 




Peter W. Tappan Admissions 

Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards 

Peter Burkowitz Education 







John T. Mullin Membcrship 

John J. Bubbers Nominations 

Barry A. Blesser Publications Policy 


Douald L. Richter Sustaining Memberships 


SECTIONS 

Atlanta Belgian * Boston British 

Chicago (Midwest) * Danish Europe 

Region) * French * Indianapolis Japan 

Los Angeles Nashville Netherlands 

Net* York San Francisco Toronto 

(Canada) Washington D.C. 













AUDIO ENG IEERIG SOCIETY 


ARTICLES 

Passive-Radiator Loudspeaker Systems Part T: Analysis .... Richard H. Small 592 

Noise Behavior of Paralleled Linear A~nplifiers .......... T. Ken Matsudaira 602 

Mine Mark 24: World War 11 Acoustic Torpedo .......... Mark B. Gardner 614 

PROJECT NOTES 

Electronic Reverberation Equipment in the Stockholm Concert Hall 

Stellan Dahlstedt 627 

A Quasi-Linear Frequency Divider 

Robert W. Byren, Nikolai Ebephardt, and John W. Steckel 632 

FORUM 

On a "Rosetta Sfone" for Acoustic Recordings 

(Richard C. Heyser, JAES 22, 4 (May 1974)) Michael A. Gerzon 638 

.......... 

Good Schools Never Die; They Juqt Change Their Names 

@avid J. Pasirino, JAES 22, 3 (April 1974)) ........ Waldemar Horizny 638 

DEPARTMENTS 

Call for Papers-50th AES Convention. 

London 1975 ........ 636 

Bibliography of Audio Techniques 

and Issues .................. 639 



Midwestern Acoustical Conference 

.................... 650 

Sound Track ................. 658 



Membership Information ...... 666 

Calendar of Events 666 


............ 




M. Camras J. M. HolIywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick 


J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullm J. G. Woodward 




Journal of the Audio Engineering Society Volume 22, No. 8 October, 1974. Published monthly 

except January/February and ~ u l ~ / ~ when u ~ upublished s ~ bimonthly, by the Audio Engineering 

Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Offices, Lincoln 

Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. 

and at additional mailing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by 

the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal IS indexed in the Applied Science &Technology Index. 

The Journal of the Audio Engineer~ng Society hereby grants permission to reprlnt in part. any 

paper In thls Issue ~f direct permlsslon is obtained from ~ts author(s) and credit IS glven to the 


crediting this Journal. This permission is not assignable. 





Duane H. Cooper t'res~dent-Elect 

John M. Woram Vice President, Faslern 

Region 

Peter W. Tappan Vice I'res~dent, Central 

Regron 


Region 

Peter Uurkowitz Vice President, Europe 

Region 

Stephen F. I'emmer Vice President, Inter- 

national 

Donald W. Powers Secrctary 





Barry A. Ulesser 


W. Rex Isorn 


Donald L. Richter 





Elugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards 



A. IT. Gruber Finance 

D. J. Piunkett Headquarters Administrative 

D. J. Ylnnkett Historical 



John T. Mnllin Me~nbership 

John J. Rubbers Nominations 

Barry A. 1l.lesser Publications Policy 


Donald L. Richter Snstaining Memberships 


SECTIONS 

Atlanta - Belgian - Boston British 

Chicago (Midwest) Danish Europe 

(Kegion) French Indianapolis Japau 

Los Angeles: Nashville - Netherlands 

New York San Francisco Toronto 

(Canada) . Wa5hington D.C. 


Donald J. Plrinkett 

Fxecutive Director 













AUDIO ENGINEERING SOGIETY 

VOLUME 22 NUMBER 9 NQVEMBER 1974 

ARTICLES 

Geometrical Consideration5 of Subjecta~e Audio . . Richard C. Heyser 674 

Passive-Radiator Loudspeaker Systems, Part 11: Synthesis . . Richard M. Small 683 

Effects of Spectral Weighting of Speech in Hearing-Tmpaircd Subjects 

Ian R. Thoma\ and Barry Pfs,~ncbxher 690 

A Self-Contained Instrument for Sound-System Eqrvalization 

G. R. Thur~no~id 695 

PROJECT NQTES/ENGINEERING BRIEFS 

Equalization Simplified ................................ Ilarro K. Heinz 700 

Meawrcment of Recorded Level and Cilanncl Separation on Phonograph 

Discs Using Optical lnterferon~ctry lcchniq~~es 

T. Inouc, I. Owak~, K. Ohba, S Nakn~nura and John hargle 70; 

DEPARTMENTS 

49th Convention Report ....... 706 News of the Sections .......... 742 

49th Convention Progranl ..... 718 Sound Track ................. 748 

An Outline o.C Plans Present and 

Future (Editorial) ........... 73 8 


Mcnlbership Information ...... 754 

Olson Awarded ASA Silver 

Mec!;~l ..................... 740 

Audio Engineering Society 

Bylaws .................... 759 


J. K. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Kiipsch M. R. Schroeder 

B. Bicsser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogcn R. H. Small 

R. W. Surhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas 

M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. I,. Torick 

D. H. Cooper Y. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen 

J. ikl. Eargle D. 1,. Klcpper J. T. Mulli~l J. G. Woodward 

llobert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus 

Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor 

lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor 

Journal of the Audlo Englneering Society, Volume, 22, No. 9, November, 1974. Published monthly 

except January/February and July/August when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Eng~neering 

Society and supplled to all melnbers in good standing. Publication and Executive Offlces. Lincoln 

Buildlng 60 East 42nd Street New York. N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. 

and at abdltlonal mailing offikes. Subscription to nonrnernbers. $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by 

the Audio Englneerlng Soclety. The Journal 1s indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. 

The Journal of the Audlo Englneering Soc~ety hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any 

paper in thls 15sue ~f d~rect perrniss~on is obtained from its author(*) and credit is Eiven to the 

author(s) and this Journal. An author, or h~s research affil~ate may reproduce his paper in full 

credit~ng this Journal. This errnission is not assignable. 

The "Journal of the Audio Enginkering Society" and ~ts cover design have been registered as a 






Region 


Region 


Region 


Region 


national 

Donald W. Powers Secretary 

Arthur E. Gmber Treasurer 





John J. Buhbers 

W. Rex Isom 















John T. Mullin Membership 

John J. Bubhers Nominations 

Barry A. Blesser P~~blications Policy 


Donald L. Richter Sustaining Mcmbcrships 


SECTIONS 

Atlanta . Belgian 

Chicago (Midwest) 

(Region) - French 

Boston - British 

Danish * Europe 

Indianapolis Japan 



IC---.a..\ a %xl..-L:--*-- - n 

t-nuoua, rr 'taxalr&grvu v.~. 


Donald J. Plunkctt 

Executjve Director 













AUDIO ENGI#EERIHG SOGIETY 

AUDIO/ACOUSTICSIAPPLICATIONS 


ARTICLES 

Practical Considerations of Active Filter Design ......... Phillip E. Allen 770 

On Aural Phase Detection: Part I1 . . Villy Hansen and Erik Rorbaek Madsen 783 

Performance Tradeoffs in Disk Recording ............... James V. White 789 

High-Fidelity Soilad System Eq~ralization by Analysis of Standing 

Waves ..................... . ................... Allen R. Groh 795 

PROJECT NQTES/ENGINEERING BRIEFS 

Long-Term Durability of Pickup Diamonds and Records 

Friedrich A. Loescher and Frank H. Hirsch 800 

Mcasurememts of Bioplysiological Signals in the Audio Speckom 

Lawrence Zucker 806 

DEPARTMENTS 

... 

Rcvrew of Acoustical Patents 816 News of the Sections .......... 824 

How to Wrlte the Date ........ 819 Sound Tr~~ck ................. 533 

1975 Conventions Review State Available Literature ........... 836 

ofthc Art .................. 821 

Standards: Tlht: Conscience o~f 

1-~lgineenng-Eclrtor~al ...... 822 

Shoppin5 thc Audio Market ..... 836 

Index to Volume 22 ........... 841 




.. P--+...-.- 


1.1. %.a-LIW ". 1 A,A. n 1 

--V.-J ..--" 1- r;. McUnigbt Ee 1,; Tnrick 

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklimghausen 

J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mulliu J. G. Woodward 





Journal of the Audio Engineer~ng Society, Volume 22 No. 10. December 19/4. Published monthly 

except January/February and July/August when pudlished bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering 

Society and supplied to all members in good stand~ng. Publication and Executive Offices. Lincoln 

Bullding. 60 East 42nd Street, New York. N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York. N.Y. 

and at additional mailing off~ces. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by 

the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science &Technology Index. 

The Journal of the Audio Engineer~ng Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any 

paper in this Issue if direct perm~ssion is obtained frorr~ its author(s) and credit IS given to the 

author(s) and this Journal. An author, or his research affil~ate may reproduce his paper in full 

crediting this Journal. This permiss~on is not assignable. 







Region 

Peter W. Tappan vice President, Central 

Region 


Region 


Region 


national 








W. Rex Isom 


Donald E. Richter 

















Donald L. Richter Sustaining Memberships 


SECTIONS 


ChIczg~ (AWd~~Q + Danish c Eurepe 

(Region) French Indianapolis Japan 





Donald J. Plunkett 

Executive Director 


Headquarters address: Audio Engineering 

Society, 60East42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 

1001 7 (212-661-8528). Manuscripts, editorial, 

advertising and subscription correspondence 

should be addressed to Editorial Ofice 

(212-661-2355) at above address. West Coast 

Office: Audio Engineering Society, 1 19 16 

Salem Drive, Granada Hills, Calif. 91344 

(213-363-511 1). 


VOLUME 23 NUMBER 1 JANUARYIFEBRUARY 1975 

ARTICLES 

NQRC Measurement of Subjective Aspects of Quadraphonic Sound 

Reproduction:-Part I. .............................. J. G. Woodward 2 

Low-Noise Reproducing Preamplifier for Professional Audio Recorders 

Zoltan Vajda 14 

Electroacoustic Transducers with Eezoelectric High Polymer Films 

Masahiko Tamura, Tadahiro Yamaguchi, Takashi Oyaba, and Toshikazu Yoshimi 21 

Development of Compound for QuadraDiscs 

Gregory A. Bogantz and Kumar Khanna 27 

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS 

Acoustic Energy Transformation in the Human Auditory System 

Sidney L. Silver 33 

A Practical Theatrical Sound Console ................. .Charles Richmond 36 

FORUM 

TV in Audio Engineering Education .................... .J. Robert Ashley 41 

NQRC Listening Tests .................................... .Emil Torick 42 

A New Way of Specifying Amplifier Outputs .............. .J. M. Bowsher 42 

DEPARTMENTS 

Review of Acoustical Patents ..... 46 News of the Sections ........... 69 

On Sections and Membership: SoundTrack .................. 76 

A Significant Meeting and Available Literature. ............ 80 

a Growth Report ............. 60 Shopping the Audio Market ...... 85 

Shaping the Future of Audio ..... 64 Membership Information.. ....... 87 



B. Biesser M. B. Garriner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small 



D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. vonRecklinghausen 



Jacqueline Harvey Managing ~ditor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor 


Journal ofthe Audio Engineering Society, Volume 23, No. 1, Jan./Feb., 1975. Published monthly except JanuaryIFeb~aly and 

JulyIAugust when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. 

Publication and Executive Offices, Lincoln Building, 60 East42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at 

New York. N.Y. and at additional mailing oflices. Subscr~ption to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1975 by the Audio 

Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applld Sdenca & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio 

Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any paper in this issue if direct permission is obtained from its 

author@) andcredit is given to the author(s) and this Journal. An author, or his researchaffiliate may reproduce his paper in full 


The " Jour~l 0fM. Audlo Englnmlng Socly" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United 

States Patent Office.





Region 


Region 


Region 


Region 


national 








W. Rex Isom 





















SECTIONS 



(Regionj French Indianapolis Japan 









Society, 60East42ndStreet, New York, N. Y. 

10017 (212-661 -8528). Manuscripts, editorial, 


should be addressed to Editorial Office 

(212-661-2355) at above address. West Coast 



(213-363-51 1 1). 

AUDIO ENGlNEERlNl SOCIETY 


ARTICLES 

A Geometric Model for Two-Channel Four-Speaker Matrix Stereo System 

Michael A. Gerzon 98 

Reducing Distortion in Analog Tape Kecorders .......... .David Griesinger 107 

Noise Reduction in the CD-4 Disc System ............. .Nobuaki Takahashi, 

Teruo Muraoka, and Toshiya Inoue 113 

Vibration Sensitivity Measurements on Subminiature Condenser Micro- 

phones ............................................. MeadC.Killion 123 

NQRC Measurement of Subjective Aspects of Quadraphonic Sound Reproduc- 

tion: Part I1 ........................................ J. G. Woodward 128 


A Comprehensive Musical Criterion: The Inversion Index .... .V. L. Jordan 131 

Ganged-Series Potentiometer Mixer Networks .......... .Ralph W. Burhans 136 

Logrithmic Record-Level Indicator .................... .Robert E. Berglas 137 

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES 

Television Audio in Great Britain 

..................................... 

DEPARTMENTS 

Review of Acoustical Patents ..... .I39 

MAC (Midwebt Acoustic Conference) 148 

Sound Track .................. .I62 

Available Literature ............. .I65 

News of the Sections ........... ,156 Shopping the Audio Market ...... .I67 

Calendar ...................... .16 1 Mernberbhip Information ......... ,169 










Judith Anne Wink Editorial Associate Phillip M. Weiss Editorial Assistant 


Journal of the Audio Englneering Society, Volume 23, No. 2, March, 1975. Published monthly except JanuaryIFebruary and 

JulyIAugust when published bi-monthly, by the Audlo Engineering Soclety and supplied to all members in good standing. 

Publlcat~on and Executive Offices, Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 1001 7. Second class postage paid at 

New York, N.Y. and at add~tional mailing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.W per year. Copyright 1975 by the Audio 

Englneering Soc~ety. The Journal is Indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audlo 

Engineering Society hereby grants perrnlsslon to reprint in part, any paper In this issue if direct permission IS obtained from its 

author(s) and credit isgiven to the author@) and this Journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper in full 


The "Journal ot the Audio Enginwing Society" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United 

States Patent Office. 

152





Region 


Region 


Region 


Region 


national 








W. Rex Isom 





COMMllTEE CHAIRMEN 




H. S. Allen, Jr. Conventibn Policy 


D. J. Blunkett Headquarters Administrative 










SECTIONS 

Atlanta Belgian 0 Boston British 







Donald J. Plonkett 




Society, 60 East42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 

1001 7 (212-661 -8528). Manuscripts, editorial, 



(2 12-661 -2355) at above address. West Coast 



(213-363-51 1 1). 

AUDIO EHGIHEERIH~ SOCIETY 


ARTICLES 

In Situ Measurement and Equalization of Sound Reproduction Systems 

Robert B. Schulein 178 

A Method of Analyzing the Quadraphonic Sound Field 

Katsumi Nakabayashi 187 

Horn Theory and the Phonograph .... .Percy Wilson and Geoffrey L. Wilson 194 

The Frequency Modulation Spectrum of an Exponential Voltage-Controlled 

Oscillator ................................... .Bernard A. Hutchins, Jr. 200 


Application of the Two-Quadrant Transconductance Amplifier/Multiplier in 

Audio Signal Processing. ............................. .Walter G. Jung 207 

Amplitude Compression in Hearing Aids ................ .Igor V. NLbSlek 213 

The Bob Jones Amphitorium Sound Reinforcement System 

MattR.Long, Jr. 216 

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES 

BroadcastinginFrance .............................................. 220 

DEPARTMENTS 

Review of Acoustical Patents ..... 224 Sound Track .................. 262 

Exhibit Previews Available Literature. ............ 264 

5 1 st Convention. ............. 240 Membership Information ......... 265 

News of the Sections ........... 256 Coming Events ............... 255 










Judith Anne Wink Editorial Associate Phillip M. Weiss Editorial Assistant 


Journal of the Aud~o Englneerlng Society, Volume 23. No. 3, Aprll, 1975. Published monthly except JanuaryiFebruary and 

JulyiAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good starding. 

Publ~cat~on and Executive Offlces, Lincoln Bulldlng. 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at 

New York, N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. Subscript~on to nonmembers, $30.00 per year Copyright 1975 by the Audlo 

Engineering Society. The Journal IS indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio 

Engineerlng Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any paper in this issue if d~rect permission is obtalned from its 

author(s) and credlt isglven to the author($) and this Journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper in full 

crediting th~s Journal. Th~s permission IS not assignable. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineerlng Society" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United 

States Paten? Office.





Region 


Region 


Region 


Region 


national 








W. Rex Isom 


Donald I,. Richter 
















W. R. Isom Stanclards 



SECTIONS 



(Region) French rn Indianapolis Japan 



(Canada) rn Washington D.C. 


VOLUME 23 NUMBER 4 MAY 1975 1 

ARTICLES 

Some Considerations Regarding FM Four-Channel Stereo Broadcasting 

Systems.. ............ .S. Miki, T. Takezaki, M. Kanno, and M. Okamoto 274 

Transmitter Limitations in Achieving High Amplitude Modulation Percentages 

.................................................. MichaelD.Davis 282 

A Phase Meter Suitable for Loudspeaker Measurements ................. 

................................... .P. L. Rossiter and P. J. Beckwith 289 

Noise Control for Studios ........................... .Paul B. Ostergaard 294 


A Real-Time Regenerative Response Method of Equalizing a Sound System 

....................................................... DonDavis 300 

Applications and Design Considerations for a High-Quality Unidirectional 

Line-Level Microphone ............ .R. Schulein, E. Seeler, and D. Smith 303 

STANDARDS 

The Ever New World of Standards, or Structures and Spheres of Interest of the 

Standards Organization .............................. .Warren Rex Isom 308 

DEPARTMENTS 

Review of Acoustical Patents ..... 320 

Beranek Receives ASA Gold Medal . .324 

Available Literature ............. 340 

Shopping the Audio Market ...... 342 

News of the Sections ........... 328 Membership Information. ........ 346 

Sound Track .................. 337 In Memoriam.. ................ 352 






D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. vonRecMinghausen 


ADMINISTRATION $ge, ?3@ 

Donald J. Plunkett rgla a Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Edltor Emeritus 

Executive Director d z Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor 

34 Judith Anne Wink Editorial Assoc~ate Phillip M. Weiss Ed~tor~al Ass~stant 

%%A Ingeborg 


M. Stochmal Copy Editor 

Headquarters address: Audio Engineering "' 

Society, 60East42nd Street, New York, N. Y E! Journal of the Audo Engineermg Soc~ety, Volume 23 No 4 May 1975 Published monthly except January/February and 

10017 (212-661 -8528) Manuscripts, editorial @& JuIylAug~~t when published bl-monthly, by the Audlo Engrneering Soclety and suppiled to all members rn good standrng 

advertlslng and subscription correspondence a# Publrcat~on and Executive Offlces, Llncoln Bulldlng, 60 East 4Znd Street New York, N Y 10017 Second class postage pald at 

,fgs New Yo&, N Y and at addrt~onal malllng offlces Subscrlptlon to nonmembers, $30 00 per year Copyright 1975 by the Audio 

should be addressed to Editorial Otfice xg Englneerlng Soc~ety The Journal 1s ~ndexed In the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio 

(2 12-661 -2355) at above address. West Coast ,&;; Englneering Soc~ety hereby grants permrsslon to reprint in part, any paper rn th~s Issue ~f dlrect permlsslon is obta~ned from rts 

office: ~ ~ ~~~i~~~~~~ d i society, ~ 19 16 gt"; author($ and credlt Isglven tothe author@) and thls Journal An author, or hs research afflllate may reproduce h~s paper~nfull 

cred~ting this Journal Thrs perrnlsslon rs not assignable 

Drive, Granada H1lls, Callf. 91344 The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover des~gn have been reg~stered as a trademalk In the United 

(213-363-51 11). states Patent Office




Region 


Region 


Region 

Peter Burkowitz Vice President, Europc 

Region 


national 

Donald W. Powcrs Secretary 







W. Rex Isom 










A. E. Gruber Financc 




W. H. Freitag I.ihrery 

John 1'. Mullin Membership 




Donald L. Richter Sustaining Me~nberships 




ARTICLES 

JUNE 1975 

A New Set of Sixth-Order Vented-Box Loudspeaker System Alignments.. .. 

.................................................. .D. B. Keele, Jr. 

A Wearable Master Hearing Aid. ..................................... 

. .Emil L. Torick, Alfred L. DiMattia, Walter E. Staruk, Jr., and Paul Milner 

Calculating the Directivity Factor y of Transducers from Limited Polar 

Diagram Information ............................. .Michael A. Gerzon 

Live Electronic Music in Large Auditoriums ........................... 

.................................. .Roy A. Pritts and J. Robert Ashlcy 

More Accurate Calculation of the Room Constant ... .George L. Augspurger 


The Equalization and Subsequent Observation of the Sound System in the 

Marriott Center at Brigham Young University ........................ 

............................... .Charles R. Boner and Edward S. Jones 386 

DEPARTMENTS 

50th Convention Report ......... 390 Sound Track .................. 420 

50th Corrvcntion Program ........ 400 Shopping the Audio Markct ...... 422 

News of the Sections ........... 4 12 Available Literature. ............ 426 

Membcrsh~p Informat~on ......... 428 


SECTIONS 







J. R. Ashley 

B. Blesser 

R. W. Burhans 

M. Camras 

D. H. Cooper 

J. M. Eargle 

E. J. Foster 

M. B. Gardner 

R. C. Heyser 

J. M. Hollywood 

P. Kantrowitz 

D. L. Klepper 

P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder 

J. H. Kogen R. H. Small 

D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas 

J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick 

R. A. Moog D. R. vonRecklinghausen 

J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward 




Robert O. Fehr Editor 


Judith Anne Wink Editorial Associate 


Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor 

Phillip M. Weiss Editorial Assistant 

SOCl ETY COMMUNICATIONS 



Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y Journal of the Aud~o Engineering Soclety, Volume 23, No. 5, June 1975. Published monthly except JanuaryiFebruary and 

1001 7 (2 12.661 -8528). ~ ~ editorial 

advertising and Subscription Correspondence 


(212.661 -2355) at above West Coast 

Ofice: i" Engineering Society> ' Salem Drive, Graiiada Hills, Calif. 91344 

(2 13-363-5 1 1 1). 

JulyIAugust when publ~shed bl-monthly, by the Audto Englneerlng Society and supplied to all members in good standing. 

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ 

Publication and Executive Offlces. Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street. Ncw York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage pald at 

New York, N.Y. and at add~tional malllng off~ces. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyr~ght 1975 by the Audio 

En~bneerin~ Soc~etv The Journal is indexed ~n the A~~lied . . Science & Technolwv -. Index. The Journal of the Audio 

Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any paper in thls issue if direct permlsslon IS obtained from its 

author(s) and credlt 1s given to the author(s) and th~s Journal. An author, or h~s research affiliate may reproduce hls paper in full 

cred~ting this Journal. Thls permlsston IS not ass~gnable. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover deslgn have been registered as a trademark In the United 

States Patent Off~ce.





Region 


Region 


Region 


Region 


national 


Arthur E. Gruher Treasurer 






W. Rex Isom 



Emil I,. Torick 






H. S. Allen, .Jr. Convention Policy 





W. H. Frcitag Library 


John -1. Buhbers Nominations 





SECTIONS 



(Region) French Indianapolis 0 Japan 



(Canada) 0 Washington D.C. 

AUDIO EH61MEERING SOCIETY 

VOLUME 23 NUMBER 6 JULYIAUGUST 1975 

ARTICLES 

The Qualification of Loudspeaker Directivity Factor in Sound 

Reinforcement System Design ........................ .Cecil R. Cable 434 

Automatic Microphone Mixing ............................ .Dan Dugan 442 

Overcoming Record Warps and Low-Frequency Turntable Rumble in 

Phonographs ..................... .Kcnncth Clunis and Michael J Kelly 450 

A Polyphonic Keyboard for a Voltage-Controlled Music Synthesizer .... 

................................ Carl A. Hovey and David A. Searnans 459 


Impedance Tailoring via Feedback ....................... .Joel H. Lcvilt 466 

FORUM 

Earthquake Prediction by Acoustic Methods ........... .Richard C. Hcyser 169 

On "The Presentation of Statistical Information on a Circle" 

(M. A. Gerzon, JAES 22, 7 (Sept. 1974)) ............................ 

................ T. Ken Mntsndaira, Takeshi Fukami, and Junkichi Sugita 470 

More on "The Presentation of Statistical Information on a Circle" 

............................................... Michael A. Gerzon 37 1 

DEPARTMENTS 

51 st Convention Report ......... 474 News of the Scctior~b . .......... 5 10 

S 1st Convention Program ....... 4x5 Sound Track .................. 514 

Midwest Acoustic Conference (MAC) Available Literature ............ 5 16 

1975 ...................... 500 Shopping the Audio Markct ..... 5 18 


Membership Information ........ 521 



K. -W. Burhans K. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas 


O. H. Cooper Y. Kantrowitz K. A. Moog 1). R. VunRecklinghausen 



Donald J. Plnnkett 

Execut~ ve D~rector 

Robert 0. Fehr Ed~tor Harry F. Olson Ed~to~ E~ner~tus 

Jacqueline Harvey Mansg~ng Edltor Patricia M. Macdonald As\oc~ate bd~tor 

Judith Anne Wink Edltorldl A\\o~~dte Phillip M. Weiss I d~torl,il As\~\hnt 



Headquarters address: Audio Hngineeri ng 

Society, 60East42nd Street, New York, N. Y 

10017 (212-661 -8528). Manuscripts, editorial 



(2 12-66 1-2355) at above address. West Coasl 

Oftice: Audio Engineering Society, 1 19 16 


(213-363-5 11 1). 

Journal of the Audlo Englneertng Soaety, Volume 23, No 6. JulylAugust 1975. Published monthly except JanuarylFebruary and 

JulyIAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Audlo Eng~neer~nq Society and supplled to all members In good standlng 

Publ~cat~on and Execut~ve Off~ces, Llncoln Bu~ldlng. 60 East 42nd Street. New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at 

New York, N Y and at addltlonal rnaillng offlces. Subscrlpt~on to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyr~ght 1975 by the Aud~o 

Eng~neer~ng Soclety The Journal IS ~ndexed In the Applied Science & Technoloav -. Index. The Journal of the Aud~o 

Fl19 rlocrlnq SIX ely Ilereu) qr;!nt!; [lortrl sslon to wllr rlt In rlnn an{ ~RI,ZI I! I ~IS 85..(: t ~I~PC! pelttll~~l~tl :, 001i1 ti(v1 from I:. 

r.llrlnrrn1 ntld ctcc 1 .;ql/en 1011 r .il.tllon5, Ind Ir!l< uo





Region 

Peter W. Tappan Vice Presidcnt, Central 

Region 


Rcgion 


Region 

Stephen F. Temmer Vice Presidcnt, Inter 

national 


Arthur E. Gruber Trcasurer 






W. Rex Isom 


Donald 1,. Richter 









D. J. Plunkett Heatlquartcrs Adrninistrativ 








Donald 1,. Richter Sustaining Mernbershipa 


SECTIONS 






(Canada) Washington 1j.C. 



ARTICLES 

A Complementary Source Follower Circuit for Condenser Microphone 

Preamplifier ..................... .T. Ken Matsudaira and Osamu Kono 530 

An Introduction to the Design of Filtered Loudspeaker Systems .I F: Renson 536 

On the Noise Performance of a Magnetic Phonograph Pickup B. I. Hallgrcn 546 

Simple Equations for Multichannel Stereophonic Sound Localization 

............................................... Benjamin Rernfeld 553 


Application of a Real-Time Hadarnard Transform Network to Sound 

Synthesis .................................. Bernard A. Hutchins, Jr. 558 

Some Useful Graphical Relationships ................. Richard C. Heyscr 562 

Dynamic Spectrum Changes of Orchestral Instruments . Dav~d A 1,uce 565 

FORUM 

Recording Concert Hall Acoustics for Posterity 

(R. C. Heyser, "A Rosetta Stone for Audio," JAES 22, 4 (May 1974)) 

................................................ Michael A. Crer~on 569 

More on "Recording Concert Hall Acoustics for Posterity" R~chartl C. Heyw 571 

DEPARTMENTS 

Review of Acoustical Patents .... 574 Sound Track .................. 592 

Biogt.apt~ies o l 5 1st Convention Available Litcrature ............ 596 

Award Winners ............. 580 Shopping the Audio Market ..... 597 

News of the Scctions ........... 586 Membership Inforn~ation . ....... 600 


J. R. Ashlcy E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder 



M. Carnras J. M. Hollywood J. C;. McKnight E. L. Torick 

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz K. A. Moog D. R. vonRecklinghausen 

J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. '1'. Mullin .J. G. Woodward 


Donald J. Plunkett Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus 

Executive Director Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdunald Associate Editor 

Judith Anne Wink k:ditorial Associatc Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Edlror 



Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y Journalofthe AudloEnglneer~ng 

100 17 (2 12-66 1.8528). Manuscripts, 

advertising and subscri~'tion correspondence 

Publ~cat~on and Executive OWces. Lincoln Bu~ld~ng, 

New Yo*, N.Y. and at addlttonal matllng offices Subscr~pt~on 

Soclety. Volume23. No. 7. September 1975. Publtshedmonthly except JanuaryIFebruary and 

JulyIAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Audio Englneerlng Soclety and supplied to all tnenibers I~I yood standong. 

60 East 42nd Street, New York, N Y 10017. Second class postage pa~d at 

to nonmembers, $30.00 per year Gopyrlght 1975 by the Audio 

should bc addreshed to Editorial Ofice Englneer~ng Soclety. The Journal IS Indexed In the Applied Science L Technology index. The Journal of the ~udlo 

(212-661 -2355) at above address. West Cox Englneerlng Soclety hereby grants perrntsslon to reprint In part, any paper in this Issue ~f dlrect permtsslon 1s obta~ned from 11s 

author(s) and credlt is glven tothe author@) and thls Journal. An author, or he research affiliate may reproduce h ~s paper In full 

Ofice: Audio Engineering Society7 l9 l6 crediting thls Journal. This permlsslon IS not assignable. 

Salem Drive. Granada Hills, Calif. 91344 The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ts cover deslgn have been registered as a trademark In the United 

(213-363-51 1 I). States Patent Ofice.




John M. Woram Vice President, Ea~tem 

Region 


Region 


Region 


Region 


national 








W. Rex Isom 



















Donald L. Richter Sustaining LMeniberships 




ARTICLES 

Design Criteria of a Universal Compandor for the Elimination of Audible 

Noise in Tape, Disc, and Broadcast Systems 

..................... M. G. Duncan, D. Rosenberg, and G. W. Hoffman 610 

An Audio Control Facility for a TV "Break" Control Room 

............................................. Donald C. McCro~key 623 

The Georgia Institute of Technology Stadium Sound System 

............................................ Eugene T. Patronis, Jr. 630 


Audio Engineering Improvements for Clavichords ...... Ralph W. Burhans 635 

A Versatile High-Speed "Off-Line" Sweetening System for Television Audio 

Post Production ........................................ Ron Estes 639 

Improvements in Cutting Styli for CD-4 Discs 

............. T. Inoue. I. Owaki, K. Totsuka, S. Nakamura, and J. Eargle 641 

FORUM 

The Sound of One Clap Handing 

FEATURE 

Harpsichord Primer-One Maker's View 

DEPARTMENTS 

Richard C. Heyser 644 

Exhibit Previews News of the Sections ........... 680 

52nd Convention ............ 660 Available Literature ............ 688 

blenlbership Ir~for~riation ........ 600 

SECTIONS EDITORIAL BOARD 

Atlanta 0 Austrian Belgian Boston 

British Danish French Central J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder 

Germany South Germany Houston B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small 

Indianapolis a Japan Los Angeles R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas 

Melbourne Mexico Chicago Montreal 

Nashville Netherlands New York M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick 

San Francisco San Luis Obispo D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. vonRecklinghausen 

Toronto Washington D.C. 0 Sydney J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward 



Executive, Director 


Headquarters address: Audio Engineerin 

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Erneritus 


Judith Anne Wink Editorial Associate Rena Halpern Editorial Assistant 

Ingeborg &I. Stochmal Copy Editor 

Society. 60 East 42nd Street, NCW York. N. Journal of the Audlo Engineering Soc~ety, Volume 23, No 8. October 1975 Published monthly except January!February and 

1001 7 (21 2-661-8525). Manuscripts, editor' JulyIAugust when published bi-monthly. by the Audin Engineer~ng Socety and supplled to all members In good standing 

advertising and subscription 


(212-661 -2355) at above address. West C 

Office: Audl0 Englneenng Society , 1 19 16 

Salem Dnve, Granada H~lls, Cal~f 91344 

(213-363-51 11) 

Publication and Executive Offices. Lincoln Bullding, 60 East 42nd Street. New York. N Y 10017 Second class postage paid at 

New York, N.Y and at additional ma~llng offices Subscription to nonmembers. 530 00 per year Copyr~ght 1975 by the Audio 

Engineer~ng Soc~ety The Journal 1s indexed In the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio 

Ena~neer~nq Socletv hereby qrants ~errn~sslon to reprint ~n ma, any ~ a ~ ~n ethls r issue ~f d~rect permisson 1s obtalned from ~ts 

author(s) aid cred~t is given io the author(s) and this Journal An author or his research aff~l~ate may reproduce h ~s paper ~n full 

crediting thls Journal Th~s permission 1s not ass~gnabie 

The Journal of the Audio Eng~naering Soclety and its cover deslgn have been reg~stered as a trademark in the Un~ted 

States Patent m ~ce





Region 


Region 


Region 


Region 

Stephen F. Temmer Vice President, Inter 

national 

Dnnald W. Powers Secretary 







W. Rex Isom 






Peter W. Tappan Adn~issions 









John T. Mnllin Membership 




Donald 1,. Richter Sustaining Menlbcrships 




ARTICLES 

A Real-Time Digital Computer for Simulating Audio Systems 

..................... Barry A. Blcsser, Karlo Baeder, and Ralph Zaorski 698 

Essential Equipment for the Transmission of High Peak Levels in the Disk- 

Cutting System SAL 74/SX 74 .................. 0. Kern and E. Weiss 708 

A Study of Time-Domain Speech Compression by Means of a New Analog 

Speech Processor ...................... 1. M. Bennett ant1 J. G. Linvill 71 3 


.......... 

A Wide-Dynamic-Range Program Equalizer Richard S. Burwen 722 

Design of a Digital-Controlled Audio Level Indicator . . Thornas M. Hay. I11 726 

FEATURES 

1,oudspeaker Symposium Australia ................................... 732 

Hope for the Totally Deaf ........................................... 754 

DEPARTMENTS 

Revicw of Acoustical Patents .... 740 Calendar of Events ............. 76 I 

Editorial ..................... 752 Shopping the Audio Markct ..... 762 

News of the Sections ........... 756 Available Literature ............ 767 

Sound Track .................. 760 Membership Infrtnation ........ 769 

SECTIONS 

REVIEW BOARD 

Atlanta Austrian Belgian Boston 

British Danish French Central 

Germany South Germany Houston 



Nashville Netherlands 0 New York 

San Francisco San Luis Ohispo 

Toronto Washington D.C. Sydney 

.J. R. Ashley 

H. Rlesser 

R. W. Burhans 

M. Camsas 

D. H. Cooper 

J. M. Eargle 

E. .I. Foster 

M. B. Gardner 

R. C. Heyser 

J. M. Hollywood 

P. Kantrowitz 

D. L. Klcpper 

Y. W. Klipsch 

J. H. Kogen 

D. S. McCoy 


R. A. Moog 

J. T. Mullin 

M. R. Schroeder 

R. H. Small 

I. B. Thomas 

E. L. Torick 

D. R. vonRecMinghausen 







Society, 60East42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 

1001 7 (2 12-661-8528). Manuscripts, editorial, 

advertising and subscription corrcspondenee 


(2 12-66 1-2355) at above address. West Coast 


Sale111 Drive, Granada Hills, Calif. 9 1344 

(213-363-5 1 1 1). 


Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Edilor 


Ingchorg M. Stochmal Copy Editor 

Journal of the Audlo Eng~neering Soc~ety, Volume 23, No 9. November 1975. Published monthly except ~arb?ry/iebruary and 

JulyIAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Aud~o Engineering Society and suppiled to all members in good standing. 

Publication and Executive Off~ces, Llncoln Bulldlng, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 1001 7. Second class postage paid at 

New York, N Y and at addittonal ma~ling offces. Subscr~pt~on to nonmembers, $35 00 per year. Copyright 1975 by the Audlo 

Enqlneerinq Soc~ety. The Journal 1s indexed In the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audlo 

E I llecrlng ~ Soc ely ttefchy q 411ts ~rni!s!.loo lo ~cprtrlt 011 pdtl an) pdper n th~s .hs.lr 11 d rect Irrlllls5ton s uola n ~ tlurn d !IS 

a.llnorts, arltt CICOII :, u VPI 10 In,! ia..trlor(.; aocl~t.~b ,ollrnn All HJ11101. or I 5 rOROiir~l aff~l~nle ru,ly rcprud.~r.r rl~s odCcr rl 1.1 

credit~ni thls Journal. ?h~s permission I; not ass~gnable 

The "Journal 01 Me Audio Engineering Society" and its cover des~gn 

have been reg~stered as a trademark in the United 



Dr. Duane H, Cooper President 

Warren Rex lsom President-Elect 

Albert B. Grundy Vice President, Eastern 

Region 

James Cunningham Vice President, Central 

Region 

Dewitt F. Morris Vice President, Western 

Region 

John W. Maunder Vice President, Europe 

Region 

Derek Tilsley Vice President, Inter- 

national 







Richard S. Burwen 

Raymond E. Cooke 

John M. Eargle 



Willi Studer 


Dewitt F. Morris Admissions 

John J. Bubbers Awards 





W. Rex Isom Laws & Resolutions 

D. J. Plunkett Library 

Dewitt F. Morris Membership 

John M. Eargle Nominations 

J. Robert Ashley Publications Policy 

John M. Eargle Standards 



SECTIONS 

Atlanta Austrian Belgian Boston 


Germany South Germany Houston 

Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles e 


Nashville Netherlands New York 

§an Francisco §an Luis Obispo 

Toronto r Washington D.C. Sydney 





Headquarters address: Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 

42nd Street, New York. N. Y. 10017 (212-661-8528). 

Manuscripts, editorial, advertising and subscription corre- 

spondence should be addressed to Editorial Office 

(212-661-2355) at above address. Regional Offices: 

West Coast; 11 91 6 Salem Drive, Granada Hills. Calif. 

91344 (213-363-511 1). Europe Office; Europe Region; 

Zevenbunderslaan 14219, 6-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Belgium. 

Unlted Kingdom Office; British Section, Audio Engineering 

Society Ltd., 32 Knoll Rise, Orplngton, Kent BR6 OEL, England. 

Japan Ofice; Japan Section; % Japan Audio Soc~ety, Mori 

Bldg., 14-34 Jingumae l-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan. 

AUDIO EIIGIHEERING SIDCIETY 


ARTICLES 

Analysis and Synthesis of Cornet Tones Using Nonlinear Interharmonic 

Relationships ................................. James W. Beauchamp 778 

A New Type of Tweeter Horn Employing a Piezoelectric Driver 

................................................. Jonathan R. Bost 796 

AM Stereophonic Broadcasting-An Historical Review .... Ernil L. Torick 802 

PROJECT NBTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS 

Electroacoustic Properties of Noise-Attenuating Headsets . . R. H. Campbell 806 

Electronic Rhythm Units Humanized ................... Jack D. Kashak 809 

DEPARTMENTS 

52nd Convention Report ........ 812 Upcoming Events .............. 853 

52nd Convention Program ....... 826 Available Literature ............ 854 

Message: AES President Shopping the Audio Market ..... 856 

Duane H. Cooper ............ 842 Membership Information ........ 858 

News of the Sections ........... 844 52nd Convention Preprint List ... 865 

Sound Track .................. 852 Index to Volume 23 ............ 867 

REVIEW BOARD 





D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. VonRecklinghausen 






Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 23, No. 10, December 1975. Published monthly except Januarylfebruary and 

JulylAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and suppl~ed to all members in good standing. 

Publication and Executive Offices. Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street. New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at 

New York, N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $35.00 per year. Copyright 1975 by the Audio 

Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed In the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audlo 

Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any paper in this issue if direct permission is obtained from its 

author@) and credlt 1s given to the author@) and thls Journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce h~s paper In full 


The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and as cover design have been registered as a trademark in the Un~ted 



Duane H. Cooper Pres~dent 

Warren Rex lsom Presrdent-Elect 

Albert B. Brundy Vlce President, Eastern 

Reg~on 

James Cunningham V~ce Presrdent, Central 

Region 

~ e w F. k Morris Vrce Presldent, Western 

Region 

John W. Maunder V~ce Presldent, Europe 

Regron 

Derek Tilsley Vlce President, International 












Willi Studsr 




Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Convenbon Pollcy 

Peter K. Burkowitz Educat~on 

Arthur E. Gruber Finance 

Donald J. Plunkett H~storical 

Warren Rex lsom Laws & Resolut~ons 

Donald J. Plunkett Library 


John M. Eargle Nomrnatlons 



Donald L. Richter Sustain~ng Membersh~ps 

Werner H. Freitag Tellers 

SECTIONS 


Germany South Germany 


Melbourne Mexico Chicago Montreal * 


San Francisco San Luis Obispo 



Donald J. Plunkett Executive Drrector 


Headquarters address: Audlo Engrneerlng 

Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y 

1001 7 (21 2-661 -8528) Manuscripts, editorial, 

advert~slng and subscrlptlon correspondence 

should be addressed to Editor~al Office (212- 

661-2355) at above address Regional Offices: 

West Coast; 11 91 6 Salem Drlve, Granada Hills, 

Callf 91344 (21 3-363-51 11 ) Europe Office; 

Europe Reglon, Zevenbunderslaan 14219, 

8-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Belgium United Kingdom 

Office; British Sectlon, Audro Englneerlng 

Soclety Ltd ,32 Knoll Rlse, Orpington, Kent BR6 

OEL, England Japan Office; Japan Sectton 'n 

Japan Audlo Soc~ety, Morl Bidg . 14-34 Jlngumae 

t -chome, Sh~buya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan 


AUDIO EHilNEERlNG SOCIETY 

------ --- - 

AUDIO / ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS 

VOLUME 24 NUMBER 1 JANUARY /FEBRUARY 1976 

ARTICLES 

Active Crossover Networks for Noncoincident Drivers .............. 

............................................. Siegfried H. Linkwitz 2 

A Technique for Observing Loudspeaker Wave Front Propagation . . 

................... lsarni Nornoto, Makoto lwahara and Hideo Onoye 9 

The Sound Field in Home Listening Rooms, II ....... Roy F. Allison 14 

Load Circuit Stabilizing Networks for Audio Amplifiers (A Reprint) ..... 

A. N.Thiele 20 

.................................................... 


Towards a More Natural Sound System ............................ 

................................ Leslie R. Hay and John V. Hanson 24 

On The Transcription of Old Phonograph Wax Records ............. 

...................................... Hans Meulengracht-Madsen 27 

Practical Loudness: An Active Circuit Design Approach ............ 

...................... Arthur L. Newcornb, Jr. and Richard N. Young 32 

FORUM 

Blumlein Stereo Microphone Technique .......... Michael A. Gerzon 

(John M. Woram, "News of the Sections," JAES 23, 9 (Oct. 1975)) 36 

Reply by John M. Woram .......................................... 38 

FEATURE 

Quantities, Units, Letter Symbols, and Abbreviations J. G. McKnight 40 

DEPARTMENTS 

Guest Editorial: Why Has the AES Standards ................... 63 

Gone International? ......... 46 Sound Track ................. 64 

Convention News: Exhibitors 53rd Upcoming Events ............ 65 

(Zurich) .................... 49 Shopping the Audio Market ... 69 

News of the Sections ........ 52 Membership Information ..... 72 

REVIEW BOARD 











Journal of the Audio Engineerlng Soc~ety, Volume 24, No. 1, JanuaryIFebruary 1976 Published monthly except January1 

February and JulyIAugust when published bi-monthly, by the Aud~o Engineering Society and supplied to all members In good 

standing. Publication and Executive Offices, Llncoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class 

postage paid at New York. N Y. and at additional mailing offlces. Subscr~pt~on to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic; $45.00 

forelgn All materlal publ~shed In thls journal is copyrighted (D 1976 by the Audlo Engineer~ng Society and all rlghts reserved. 

lnqulrles should be sent to the Publications Office at the address above. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ts cover deslgn have been registered as a trademark In the Unlted 



Duane H. Cooper Pres~dent 

Warren Rex lsom Presldent-Elect 


Region 


Region 

Dewitt F. Morris Vice President, Western 

Region 

John W. Maunder Vice President, Europe 

Region 

Derek Tilsley Vice Presrdent, Inter- 

national 












Willi Studer 




Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy 

Peter K. Burkowitz Education 


Donald J. Plunkett Historical 

Warren Rex lsom Laws & Resolutions 








SECTIONS 


Germany r South Germany 

Indianapolis Japan a Los Angeles 






Donald J. Plunkett Executive Director 



Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 

1001 7 (21 2-661 -8528). Manuscripts, editorial, 


should be addressed to Editorial Office (212- 

661-2355) at above address. Regional Offices: 

West Coast; 11916 Salem Drive, Granada Hills, 

Calif. 91344 (213-363-51 11). Europe Office; 

Europe Region; Zevenbunderslaan 14219, 

8-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Belgium. United Klng- 

dom Office; British Section; Audio Engineering 

Society Ltd., 32 Knoll Rise, Orpington, Kent BR6 

OEL, England. Japan Office; Japan Section; V 

Japan Audio Society, Mori Bldg., 14-34 Jin- 

gurnae 1 -chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan. 


NDlO ENGINEERING SOCIETY 

AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS 


ARTICLES 

Some Aspects of the Self and Mutual Radiation Impedance Concept 

with Respect to Loudspeakers .................... Oluf Jacobsen 82 

A Monolithic Voltage-Controlled Amplifier Employing Lsg-Antilog 

Techniques ................................... Douglas R. Curtis 93 


Intermodulation Distortion Produced By Out-Of-Band Program 

Components .............................. Edward F. McClain, Jr. 103 

Multitrack Recording of Studio Programs and Live Performances with 

Simultaneous Filming ......... Johannes Webers and Toni Ketterle 107 

New Modulation Technique for CD-4 Recording .................... 

.......... Yukinobu Ishigaki, Kiyotake Fukui and Gregory A. Bogantz 112 

Three New Noise-Canceling Electret Communication Devices ....... 

................................. Paul M. D'Amico and Philip Kuhn 117 

FORUM 

Entertainment Noise: A Hearing Hazard .......... Geoffrey L. Wilson 121 

Erratum, "Design Criteria of a Universal Compandor for the Elimination 

of Audible Noise in Tape, Disc, and Broadcast Systems" (JAES, Vol. 

23, No. 9, p. 61 0 (Oct. 1975)) ..................................... 

.................. M. G. Duncan, D. Rosenberg, and G. W. Hoffman 121 

DEPARTMENTS 

Guest Editorial: Year of Sound Track ................ 744 

Standards for the AES ...... 122 

Review of Acoustical Patents 124 

News of the Sections ....... 136 

Shopping the ~ ~ ~ d ~ . i 44.6 ~ ~ 

Available Literature ......... 7.50 

k ~ 

Standards .................. 143 Membership Information .... 152 

REVIEW BOARD 











Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 24, No. 2, March 1976. Published monthly except JanuaryiFebruary and 

JulylAugust when pubiished bi-monthly, by the Aud~o Engineering Society and supplied to ail members in good standlng 

Publ~cation and Execut~ve Offices, Llncoin Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York. N Y 10017. Second class postage paid at 

New York. N.Y. and at additional maiiing offices. Subscr~ption to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic; $45.00 forelgn. All material 

pubiished in this journal is copyrghted @ 1976 by the Audio Eng~neering Society and all rlghts reserved. Inquiries should be 

sect to the Pubiications Office at the address above 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design have been reg~stered as a trademark in the United 


Duane H. Cooper Presldent 

Warren Rex lsom Pres~dent-Elect 


Region 


Regron 

~ewitt F. Morris Vice President, Western 

Region 

John W. Maunder Vfce President, Europe 

Region 

Derek Titsley Vice Presldent, International 












Willi Studer 




Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy 

Peter K. Burkowitz Educahon 


Donald J. Plunkett Historical 

Warren Rex lsom Laws & Resolutions 




J. Robert Ashley Publrcatrons Policy 


Donald L. Richter Susta~nrng Memberships 


SECTIONS 

British Danish a French Central 

Germany South Germany 

Indianapolis Japan a Los Angeles 


Nashville a Netherlands New York 



Donald J. Plunkett Executive Director 


Headquarters address: Aud~o Engtneer~ng 

Soclety, 60 East 42nd Street, New Yo&, N Y 

10017 (21 2-661 -8528) Manuscr~pts, editor~al, 

advertlslng and subscrrpt~on correspondence 

should be addressed to Editorial Office (212- 

661-2355) at above address Regional Offices: 

West Coast; 11 916 Salem Dr~ve, Granada Hllls, 

Callf 91344 (213-363-51 11) Europe Office; 

Europe Reg~on, Zevenbunderslaan 14219, 

81 190 Vorst, Brussels, Belg~urn United Kingdom 

Office; Brrt~sh Section, Audio Eng~neerlng 

Society Ltd ,32 Knoll Rlse, Orplngton, Kent BR6 

OEL, England Japan Office; Japan Sect~on, $: 

Japan Audio Soc~ety, Mort Bldg , 14-34 Jlngumae 

l-chome, Sh~buya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan 



AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS 


ARTICLES 

The Use of Fibrous Materials in Loudspeaker Enclosures ........... 

................................................ L. J. S. Bradbury 162 

Assisted Resonance ........... Geoffrey Berry and Gordon L. Crouse 171 

Current Hearing-Aid Performance and the Requirements of Hearing- 

Impaired Persons .................. M. C. Martin and B. C. Grover 177 


............ 

Lacquer Warp, Advance Ball, and Disc Cutter Dynamics 

........................ Daniel W. Gravereaux and James V. White 182 

A Note on Modulation Distortion: Coaxial and Spaced Tweeter-Woofer 

Loudspeaker Systems .................... . .. Paul W. Klipsch 186 

A Note on Modulation Distortion: Two Frequencies Radiated from the 

Same Diaphragm ................................ Paul W. Klipsch 187 

FORUM 

Comments on "More Accurate Calculation of the Room Constant" 

[G. L. Augspurger, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 23, pp. 381-385 (June 1975)l 

...................................................... Don Davis 189 

.................................................. Cecil R. Cable 190 

Reply to "Comments on 'More Accurate Calculation of the Room 

Constant' " [D. Davis, p. 189, C. R. Cable, p. 190, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 

Vol. 24 (April 1976)l ............................. G. L. Augspurger 192 

DEPARTMENTS 

Review of Acoustical Patents 194 Standards Update ........... 225 

54th Convention Exhibiters: News of the Sections ....... 226 

Floor Plans ............... 201 

Exhibit Previews ............ 204 

Sound Track ................ 234 

Membership Information .... 240 

REVIEW BOARD 

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. I?. Schroeder 










Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 24, No. 3, Aprii 1976. Published monthly except JanuaryIFebruary and 

JuIylAugust when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Enqineerinq Society and Sup~lied to all members in mod standina. 

~ublication and Executive Offices, ~1nc6ln Building, 60 ~asi42nd street, ~ ew~ork, N.Y. 1001 7. Second class postage paid at 

Nea Yor6 h V aia ar aa3 tonal ma ng off ces S~3scn~ilon lo noqmemoers 935 00 domes1 c $45 00 forelgn A marer a 

PLO sneo n m s .o,rna s copy*gnlec % 1976 0, rne A-a o Eqg neer rg Soctety and a ' gnrs reserve0 nq- r as sio.. c be 

sent to the Publications Office at the address above. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineerlng Society and its cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United 



AUDlO EHGlNEEAlNfi SOCIETY 


ARTICLES 

Synthesis of 4-2-4 Matrix Recordirrg Systems ..... James V. White 250 

Low-Frequency Tracking Behavior of Pickup Arm-Cartridge Systems 

James M. Kates 258 

................................................. 

New Factors in Phonograph Preamplifier Design . . Tomlinson Holman 263 

PROJECT NOTESlENGlNEERiNG BRIEFS 

Experimental Fourier Series Universal Tone Generator 

.......................................... Howard A. Chamberlain 271 

Advance in Turntable and Tone-Arm Design 

............................ Keisuka lkegami and Susumu Hoshimi 276 

Development of a Voice Projection System for Masked Firefighters 

........................... Thomas A. Giordano and Mark McClean 281 

FORUM 

A Multiprocessor Approach to Digital Audio Simulation B. T. G. Tan 285 

[B. A. Blesser, K. Baeder and R. Zaorski, "A Real-Time Digital Com- 

puter for Simulating Audio Systems," J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 23, pp. 

698-707 (Nov. 1975)l 

Reply to "A Multiprocessor Approach to Digital Audio Simulation" 

................................................... Barry Blesser 285 

[B. T. G. Tan, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 24, p. 285 (May 1976)l 

DEPARTMENTS 

..... 

... 

53rd Convention Report 286 

53rd Convention Program 302 

Review of Acoustical Patents 31 2 

British Section Engineering 

Report: An Anecdotal Review of 


Upcoming Events ........... 331 

Sound Track ................ 332 

Shopping the Audio Market . p$': I 

Available Literature .......... ":- _ 3 

Head Des~gn Problems. Part 1 322 Membership Information 338 

REVIEW BOARD 

.... 








Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Maedonald Associate Editor 



Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 24, No. 4, May 1976. Published monthly except JanuaryIFebruary and 

JulyIAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Aud~o Englneering Soc~ety and supplied to all members in good standing. 

Publicat~on and Executive Off~ces, Llncoln Bulldlng. 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage pa~d at 

New York, N.Y. and at addit~onal mailing offices. Subscr~ption to nonmembers. $35.00 domestic; $45.00 forelgn All material 

published in this journal IS copyrighted @ 1976 by the Audio Englneering Soclety and all nghts resewed. lnqulrles should be 

sent to the Publ~cations mice at the address above. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ts cover des~gn have been reg~stered as a trademark In the Unlted 



RUDlO ENGINEERING SOGIETV 



ARTICLES 

Linear Distortion ......................................... D. Preis 346 

Frequency Response Considerations for an Electrostatic Horn Tweeter 

Using Electret Elements ........................................ 

Naraji Sakamoto, Toshiyuki Gotoh, Nobuhisa Atoji, and Takahisa Aoi 368 

Air-Cored Inductors for Audio (A Reprint) ............... A. N. Thiele 374 


New Improvements in Audio Signal Processing for AM Broadcasting 

................................................ Oscar J. Bonello 379 

Proper Acoustic Response "From the Front Row To The Rear Row" 

.................................................. Glen M.Ballou 383 

FORUM 

SQ Dichophony-Quadraphonic Earphone Listening 

............................................... Benjamin B. Bauer 387 

DEPARTMENTS 

Education Committee Report 388 News of the Sections ....... 41 0 

Standards Update ........... 392 Upcoming Meetings ......... 41 7 

Review of Acoustical Patents 394 Audio Quality in 

British Section Engineering Broadcasting ............. 41 8 

Report: An Anecdotal Review of Available Literature ......... 423 

Head Design Problems: Part 11 402 Shopping the Audio Market . 422 

Excursions at the 53rd ...... 408 Membership Information .... 425 

REVIEW BOARD 


6. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small 

R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy 1. 6. Thomas 








Journal of the Audio Engineertng Soctety, Volume 24, No. 5, June 1976. Published monthly except JanuaryiFebruary and 

July/August when published bl-monthly, by the Audlo Engineering Soc~ety and supplied to all members in good standing. 

Publication and Executive Mhces, Llncoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N Y 1001 7. Second class postage pald at 

New York, N.Y. and at additional mail~ng offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic, $45.00 foreign. All material 

published in this journal is copyrtghted @ 1976 by the Audio Engineering Society and all rlghts reserved. Inquiries should be 

sent to the Publ~cations Off~ce at the address above. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ts cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United 

States Patent Offlce.




VOLUME 24 NUMBER 6 JULYIAUGUST 1976 

ARTICLES 

Microphone Considerations in Feedback-Prone Environments 

.............................................. Robert B. Schulein 434 

The Piecewise-Linear Technique of Electronic Music Synthesis 

............................. Alan D. Bernstein and Ellis D. Cooper 446 

Preliminary Results of the 1975 AES Audiometric Survey 

.............. Samuel Gilman, Candace Kamm, and Donald D. Dirks 455 

PROJECT NOTESlENGlNEERlNG BRIEFS 

Evaluating Open-Plan Acoustics .............. Herbert T. Chaudiere 461 

Role of Polymer Science in Developing Materials for Phonograph Discs 

S. K. Khanna 464 

................................................... 

FEATURES AND DEPARTMENTS 

54th Convention Report ..... 470 

54th Convention Program ... 486 

197617 AES Office and 

Governor Candidates ..... 500 

Sustaining Member Review . . 504 

Motion Picture Sound Recording 

John G. Frayne ............ 512 


REVIEW BOARD 


Sound Track ................ 526 

Upcoming Meetings ......... 527 

Shopping the Audio Market . 528 

Available Literature ......... 530 


Call for Papers-56th Con- 

vention, Paris, 1977 ....... 5CC 









Evelyn Harvey FeaturesIBack-of-Book Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor 



Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. Volurne 24. No 6. July August 1976. Published monthly except January'february 

and July,August when published bi-monthly, by the AudioEngineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing 

Publication and Executive Offlces. Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York. N Y 1001 7. Secondclass postage paid at 

New York. N Y and at additional mailing offices Subscription to nonmembers, $35 00 domestic, $45 00 foreign All material 

pusllshed in this journal IS copyrighted @ 1976 by the Audio Engineering Society and all nghts reserved lnqulrles should be 

sent to the Publications Office at the address above 

The 'Journal of the Audio Engineering Society' and 11s cover design have been registered as a trademark In the United 




- - - - - - - - - - - 

AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS 


ARTICLES 

Twin-Tone Tape Testing 

..................... G. A. A. A. Hueber, 6. Nijholt, and H. Tendeloo 542 

The Louisiana Superdome Sound System.. .......... J. Jacek Figwer 554 

New Wear-Resistant Permalloy Material for Magnetic Recording-Head 

Application ................................... Steven A. Bendson 562 

Detection of Phase Shifts in Harmonically Related Tones 

Richard C. Cabot, Michael G. Mino, Douglas A. Dorans, Ira S. Tackel, and 

Henry E. Breed .................................................. 568 


Electronic Modification of the Room Acoustics in a Concert Hall 

.......................... E. J. Voelker, C. L. Mueller, and D. Kittler 572 

FORUM 

Comments on "Electroacoustic Transducers with Piezoelectric High 

Polymer Films" ..................... S. Edelman and A. S. DeReggi 577 

[M. Tamura, T. Yamaguchi, T. Oyaba, and T. Yoshimi, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 

Vol. 23, pp. 21-26 (Jan.iFeb. 1975)l 

A Call for Printing of Domestic Papers on Cinema-TV Sound Topics 

.................................................... Bruce Lowell 578 

FEATURES 

New Field for Audio Engineering . ................. Richard Rosenthal 594 

Recorded Textbooks for Handicapped Students 

............................ Clyde R. Keith and William H. Beam, Jr. 598 

DEPARTMENTS 

Review of Acoustical Patents 580 Upcoming Meetings ......... 61 3 

Standards Update: IEC News and Available Literature .......... 61 5 

Activities.. ................. 588 Shopping the Audio Market . . 618 

Electroacoustic Standards List 593 Membership Information ..... 620 

News of the Sections ........ 604 53rd Convention Preprint List 628 

Sound Track ................ 61 2 

REVIEW BOARD 









Evelyn Harvey FeaturesIBack-of-Book Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor 



Journal ofthe Audlo Eng~neer~ng Soc~ety, Volume 24. No. 7, September 1976. Publ~shedniorithly excaptJanuary/Feb~uary and 

JulyIAugust when publlshed bi-monthly. by the Audlo Eng~neering Soc~eCy and supplied to all members n good stand~ng. 

Publication and Executive Offices, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street. New York. N.Y. 10017. Second class postage pald at 

New York, N.Y. and at addltlonal rna~l~ng off~ces. Subscrlptlon to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic: $45 00 foreign All material 

publlshed In this journal is copyrighted a 1976 by theAud~o Eng~neerlng Society and all rights reserved lnqulrles should be sent 

to the Publlcat~ons Office at the address above. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society'' and 11s cover design have been registered as a trademark in the Un~ted 

States Patent Offlce


AUDIO ENGINEERIIG SOCIETY 

AUDIO / ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS 


ARTICLES 

Record Warps and System Playback Performance 

..................................... Larry Happ and Frank Karlov 630 

Ultimate Performance of Wide-Range High-Frequency Compression 

Drivers .................................... Clifford A. Henricksen 639 

Equivalent Circuit Analysis of Mechano-Acoustic Structures 

(A Reprint) .......................................... B. B. Bauer 643 


Magnetic-Head Relapping Techniques .......... Joseph F. Dundovic 656 

COMMUNICATIONS 

Perspectives in Audio Analysis: Changing the Frame of Reference, 

Part I ......................................... Richard C. Heyser 660 

DEPARTMENTS 


Editorial: Publications Off ice Upcoming Meetings ......... 697 

Restructured .............. 674 

Weekend at the Waldorf: 



55th Convention Preview ... 677 

55th Exhibit Previews ...... 680 


In Memoriam ............... 708 

EDITORIAL STAFF 


Robert 0. Fe hr Editor 

Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, 

Journal Special Publications 

Judith Anne Wink Associate Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg 

lngeborg Stochmal Copy Editor Publications Assistant 

REVIEW BOARD 







Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 24, No. 8, October 1976. Published monthly exccpt JanuaryAebrmry and 

JulyIAugust when publlshed bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Soclety and supplied to all members in good standing. 

Publication and Executive Off~ces, L~ncoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at 

New York, N.Y. and at additional mallbng offloes Subscription to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic; $45.00 foreign. All material 

Dubllshed In thls lournal IS wwnqhted 1976 by theAud~o Engineering Society and all rlghtsreserved. Inquiries should besent 

io the ~ubl~catlons Office at'iheaddre; above. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ts cover des~gn have been registered as a trademark in the United 



AUDIO ENGINEERING SOGIETY 


ARTICLES 

On "Out-of-Head Localization" in Headphone Listening 

............................ N. Sakamoto, T. Gotoh, and Y. Kimura 710 

The Synthesis of Complex Audio Spectra by Means of Discrete 

.................... ... 

Summation Formulas . James A. Moorer 717 

Flutter Analysis for Identifying Tape Recorders 

............................. John G. McKnight and Mark R. Weiss 728 

Radiation from a Dome ...................... . ... James M, Kates 735 


Continuing Evaluation of Phonograph Cartridges by Pulse-Train 

Methods .......... Teruo Muraoka, Hideo Onoye, and John M. Eargle 738 

COMMUNICATIONS 

Perspectives in Audio Analysis: Changing the Frame of Reference, Part 

II ........................................... RichardC.Heyser 742 

FORUM 

............................. 

On Differential Time Delay James Moir 752 

[R. C. Heyser, "Some Useful Graphical Relationships," J. Audio Eng. Soc., 

Vol. 23, pp. 562-565 (September 1975) and D. Preis, "Linear Distortion," J. 

Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 24, pp. 346-367 (June 1976)l 

Reply to "On Differential Time Delay" .................. R. C. Heyser 752 

...................... 

Reply to "On Differential Time Delay" D. Preis 752 

DEPARTMENTS 

Editorial: From This Point ..... 754 Shopping the Audio Market .. 780 

Review of Acoustical Patents 757 Available Literature ......... 782 

Midwest Acoustics Conference Upcoming Meetings ......... 782 

1976 ...................... 764 Membership Information ..... 784 

News of the Sections ........ 774 The Audio Engineering Society 

Sound Track ................ 778 Bylaws ................... 793 







lngeborg Stochrnal Copy Editor Publications Assistant 

REVIEW BOARD 


B. Blesser M. 6. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small 

R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. 6. Thomas 




Journal of the Audlo EnQlneerlng Society, Volume 24, No. 9, November 1976. Published monthiy except January 'February and 

July!August when published bl-monthly. by the Audlo Engineer~ng Socety and supp!~ed to all members in good stand~ng 

Publlcatlon and Execut~ve Offces, L~ncoln Bulld~ng, 60 East 42nd Street. New York, N Y 10017 Second classpostage paid at 

New York. N Y and at addtlonal maillng offces Subscrlptlon to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic, $45.00 foreign All materlal 

pubi~shed In ih~s journal IS copyrighted a 1976 by the Audio Engineer~ng Society and all rights reserved Inquiries should be sent 

to the Publications CNce at the address above. 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and 11s cover des~gn have been reg~stered as a trademark !n the Unlted 




AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS 


ARTICLES 

A History of High-Quality Studio Microphones ......... Harry F. Olson 798 

Theory of Tracing Distortion and Its Correction in Carrier 

Quadraphonic Disc Records ........ Teruo Muraoka and John Eargle 808 


An Interfaced Dual Sound System for a Church .... Charles J. Catania 81 6 

A Versatile Memory System for Console Automation 

.................................................... Carl DeWilde 821 

The Practice of Fully Programmable Mixdown and Development of a 

........................... 

Third-Generation Console Paul Galburt 824 

FORUM 

More About Electroacoustic Transducers and High Polymer Films 

................................................ MasahikoTamura 829 

............. 

Air-Cored Inductors for Audio-A Postscript A. N. Thiele 830 

Looking Backward .................................. Arthur J. Sanial 832 

FEATURESANDDEPARTMENTS 

55th Convention Report ..... 834 Upcoming Meetings ......... 874 

55th Convention Exhibitors . . 848 Shopping the Audio Market . . 875 

55th Convention Program ... 850 

56th Convention, Paris 


Membership Information ..... 880 

Group Travel Plan ......... 866 Index to Volume 24 .......... 884 

News of the Sections ........ 868 Call for Papers-57th Con- 

Sound Track ................ 873 vention, Los Angeles, 1977 . 891 







lngeborg Stochmal Copy Editor Publications Assistant 

REVIEW BOARD 




M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L Torick 



Journal of the Audlo Engmeenng Soaety, Volume 24. No.10, December 1976 Publ~shed monthly except Janua~yiFebruary and 

July/August when published bl-monthly, by the Audio Englneenng Soclety and suppl~ed to all members in good standing. 

Publlcatlon and Executive Offices, Llncoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at 

New Yak. N.Y nno at ;rld~t~on.rl 111d11 ~!q oIfle5 St.uscr~pl~on to nonmemkrs. S35 00 d0111est1~ $15 00 IUIP on Al malerlal 

p~~bl sllnl lt~~s]~~,!llitl I\ w~)yl(qnlw , Iq/t, ny ~PA.IO ofnqln~crlng SCIC ~ lanrl y ~ r l ghls l rg>sPrvefl Inql, rlc? sflo~ld nc scnf 

to the Publ~cations mice at t ~e address above 

The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ts cover des~gn have been registered as a trademark In the Unned 

States Patent Offlce

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