VOLUME 2 Bamboo for Thailand and Southeast Asia - BambuSC

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Creating Sustainable Jobs and Incomes to Reduce Poverty: Lessons from Bamboo Supply Chain Development Project in North West Vietnam Abstract Olivier Renard, Patrice Lamballe GRET In North-West Vietnam, approximately 60.000 families are harvesting 70.000 has of bamboo, for a yearly output of more than 800.000 tons/year. Industrial bamboo is produced mainly in Thanh Hoa province, in the poorest districts. The supply chain is characterized by low efficiency of polluting SMEs and risk of unsustainable exploitation of bamboo resources. 70% of demand for industrial bamboo is for low added-value products such as bamboo culms for construction sector, pulp and paper factories. A large amount of waste is produced in workshops, such as sawdust, planning chippings, and node waste (60 to 75% of processed bamboo culms, compared to 5% in China). In this context, diverse strategies have been identified to enhance economic development and contribute to poverty reduction. A first approach consists of local interventions involving farmers, collectors, traders, local SMEs and policy makers. A second approach focuses on major markets and leading firms, the objective being to introduce new technologies and increase the demand for bamboo culms with a view to impact positively at scale on bamboo farm gate prices. This paper draws lessons from those different approaches: how can poverty reduction be effectively achieved and measured; which kind of development should be promoted, and how should one intervene in market systems without creating distortion, how should different approaches be combined? It provides some recommendations for intervention and underlines the risk of early exposure to major external players, the latter having possibly conflicting strategies and shorter term agendas, which could durably undermine potential for sound and sustainable development, in particular regarding bamboo resources. It also highlights the need for working with and strengthening local actors in order to sustain better practices. Interventions should not focus solely on few bamboo market strands but target multiple bamboo and nonbamboo products and activities. Keywords: Bamboo supply chain, poverty reduction, nascent markets, lead firms, linkages, inclusion, resilience, income diversification, sustainability VIII World Bamboo Congress Proceedings Vol 2-35
Introduction Thanh Hoa province: home of industrial bamboo in Vietnam Thanh Hoa province is one of the poorest provinces of Vietnam, located 150-200 km South-West of Hanoi. Seven districts of the province belong to the 10% poorest districts in the country (61/640). Thanh Hoa North- West districts are mostly inhabited (about 80-95%) by ethnic minorities (Thai, essentially, but also Muong and H’Mong people). The poverty rate is higher than 50%, with a poverty line of 200,000 VND (0,35 USD per day per person). Luong bamboo (Dendrocalamus barbatus essentially) represents the main income source for about 30,000 families in the zone. North-West Thanh Hoa is the main production zone (about 70,000 ha) for luong bamboo in Vietnam (about 50% of surfaces over the country), even if there are still natural bamboos in natural (degraded) forests, like Nua (Neohouzeaua) or Vau (Phyllostachys). Bamboo culms are mostly processed in factories around Hanoi by few leading firms, procuring bamboo from surrounding mountainous provinces. Luong bamboo has good mechanical properties and big size, allowing diverse utilizations such as construction (scaffoldings), dykes reinforcement, chopsticks and paper pulp. Those products (70% of the demand for luong culms) are bringing low added-value. In parallel, high value products are also produced, such as flooring, panel boards, furniture, and handicrafts. Every year, in North-West Thanh Hoa, about 20-25 millions of culms are harvested, among which, about 35-40% are pre-processed in the zone and 60-65% “exported” as culms to the red river delta region, Hanoi, Hai Phong , Thanh Hoa and other big cities. Main problems encountered by bamboo producers and supply chain Agroforestry: underinvestment, overexploitation, un-sustainability Most traders and collectors today are paying farmers according to the number of culms harvested, their size and weight, for low value products. The age is not considered as important for most of the buyers, except for preprocessing and processing workshops, as well as leading firms, requesting 3 years old culms. This is due to the fact that construction and paper industries do not require quality culms. Such practice badly impacts on yields (young culms are firstly contributing to the growth of new shoots) and decreases plantations productivity, farmers’ incomes and long term sustainability of the supply chain. Besides, because of the low price paid for bamboo culms, farmers are under investing; in some places they are replacing bamboo by other more profitable crops (cassava, maize or acacia), and investors are reluctant to invest if resources are not secured over the long term. The most accessible plantations are overexploited, especially by very poor families, for whom luong bamboo is a bank for day-to-day petty cash needs (food, traditional events, medicines, school, etc.). There is therefore a need for investment in infrastructure (roads to access more remote plantations), but bamboo is no longer a priority for provincial and national authorities. Supply chain: low efficiency, low added-value As in the case of most supply chains in Vietnam, there is limited coordination between supply chain actors and no interprofessional organization. Leading firms (only few main companies) producing higher value products are not located in the province, bringing part of the added-value and skills to richer provinces (with better infrastructures, access to markets, human resources). Local SMEs are active but limited by a lack of skills, VIII World Bamboo Congress Proceedings Vol 2-36
Page 1 and 2: VOLUME 2 Bamboo for Thailand and So
Page 3 and 4: Introduction Relevance of bamboo to
Page 5 and 6: collection. Example of which is Car
Page 7 and 8: Reconstruction Movement-PRRM)\ in C
Page 9 and 10: systematize the supply of bamboo po
Page 11 and 12: around a series of empirical experi
Page 13 and 14: Promotion Of Bamboo Production, Con
Page 15 and 16: 3. Government support is required t
Page 17 and 18: Bamboo Production Area • Total Ba
Page 19 and 20: Sampao, KapalongDN 30 Palmagil, Tal
Page 21 and 22: 4. Marilog, Davao City 1991 20 5. B
Page 23 and 24: DENR R-6 Evaluation of different te
Page 25 and 26: Bamboo (Denrocalamus asper) as Raw
Page 27 and 28: evaluate interaction between two ty
Page 29 and 30: References ANSI. 1985. Surface text
Page 31 and 32: Table 3. Results of the physical an
Page 33 and 34: Figure 3. Unpressed MDF mat. Figure
Page 35: Figure 7. Modulus of elasticity of
Page 39 and 40: While some expertise has been mobil
Page 41 and 42: amboo production was and is still,
Page 43 and 44: entrepreneur to find new market opp
Page 45 and 46: charcoal (small-sized luong or othe
Page 47 and 48: Conclusion Up-grading bamboo supply
Page 49 and 50: On-Farm Participatory Research for
Page 51 and 52: carried out by government agencies
Page 53 and 54: Then, focus groups were organized i
Page 55 and 56: Table 1 : main evolution of trials
Page 57 and 58: plants/m²). However, groundnut is
Page 59 and 60: Table 5 : Main results of trials on
Page 61 and 62: one usually observed for 4 to 5 yea
Page 63 and 64: evolution of cassava prices (see ab
Page 65 and 66: planning and a joint evolution was
Page 67 and 68: Steiner, G. 1985, Cultures associé
Page 69 and 70: In Cambodia, bamboo is distributed
Page 71 and 72: test the relationship between the e
Page 73 and 74: Food Security Food shortage is a ma
Page 75 and 76: Table 8. Percentage of BHFs reporti
Page 77 and 78: In the past, bamboo was commonly us
Page 79 and 80: ecause bamboo resources have been d
Page 81 and 82: Figure 7: Map of O Rona illustratin
Page 83 and 84: Decreased bamboo area, 1095 ha, 49%
Page 85 and 86: Recommendations Bamboo in the area
Page 87 and 88:
WCS/FA 2008a. The seima biodiversit
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There are ten important commercial
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Table 2. Primers details and expect
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Table 4. Heterozygosity and percent
Page 95 and 96:
Table 5 Comparison of genetic diver
Page 97 and 98:
Pattanavibool, R. 1999. Bamboo rese
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In recent years Thanh Hoa province
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increase exports of semi-processed
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Governance: enabling environment Pr
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As a result of declining timber res
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5. Ensure the inputs and participat
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Our Mission SNV is dedicated to a s
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offering new opportunities to overc
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Definitions and Products In the bam
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This can be illustrated by the exam
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DIRECT SUPPLY Early model in China,
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under better control is usually dif
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However, the commercialisation of s
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Characteristic Conventional laminat
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Such a factory would generate reven
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The Next Steps: Stages to launch a
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ANNEX 1 - Fact Sheet: Strand Woven
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Table 1. SWB process versus the Tra
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ANNEX 2 Financial Analysis Below is
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