ModSecurity Handbook: Getting Started - Bad Request

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vi Unconditional Rules 91 Using Transformation Functions 91 Blocking 92 Changing Rule Flow 93 Smarter Skipping 94 If-Then-Else 95 Controlling Logging 95 Capturing Data 96 Variable Manipulation 97 Variable Expansion 98 Recording Data in Alerts 99 Adding Metadata 100 Embedded vs. Reverse Proxy Mode 102 Summary 103 7. Rule Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Apache Configuration Syntax 105 Breaking Lines 106 Directives and Parameters 106 Spreading Configuration Across Files 107 Container Directives 108 Configuration Contexts 109 Configuration Merging 110 Configuration and Rule Inheritance 111 Configuration Inheritance 111 Rule Inheritance 112 Location-Specific Configuration Restrictions 113 SecDefaultAction Inheritance Anomaly 113 Rule Manipulation 114 Removing Rules at Configure Time 114 Updating Rule Actions at Configure Time 115 Updating Rule Targets at Configure Time 116 Removing Rules at Runtime 116 Updating Rule Targets at Runtime 116 Configuration Tips 117 Summary 117 8. Persistent Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Manipulating Collection Records 120 Creating Records 120 Application Namespaces 121
Initializing Records 122 Controlling Record Longevity 122 Deleting Records 123 Detecting Very Old Records 124 Collection Variables 125 Built-in Variables 125 Variable Expiry 126 Variable Value Depreciation 126 Implementation Details 127 Retrieving Records 128 Storing a Collection 128 Record Limits 130 Applied Persistence 131 Periodic Alerting 131 Denial of Service Attack Detection 134 Brute Force Attack Detection 136 Session Management 138 Initializing Sessions 138 Blocking Sessions 140 Forcing Session Regeneration 140 Restricting Session Lifetime 141 Detecting Session Hijacking 144 User Management 145 Detecting User Sign-In 146 Detecting User Sign-Out 146 Summary 147 9. Practical Rule Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Whitelisting 149 Whitelisting Theory 149 Whitelisting Mechanics 150 Granular Whitelisting 151 Complete Whitelisting Example 151 Virtual Patching 152 Vulnerability versus Exploit Patching 154 Failings of Exploit Detection 155 Impedance Mismatch 155 Preferred Virtual Patching Approach 157 IP Address Reputation and Blacklisting 157 IP Address Blocking 158 vii
Page 1 and 2: MODSECURITY HANDBOOK The Complete G
Page 3 and 4: ModSecurity Handbook Ivan Ristić
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Preface to the Fr
Page 7: Advanced Logging Configuration 66 I
Page 11 and 12: Rule per Keyword Approach 194 Combi
Page 13 and 14: SecRequestBodyInMemoryLimit 263 Sec
Page 15 and 16: REQUEST_BODY 287 REQUEST_BODY_LENGT
Page 17 and 18: eplaceComments 304 replaceNulls 304
Page 19 and 20: streq 330 validateByteRange 330 val
Page 21 and 22: Preface I didn’t mean to write th
Page 23 and 24: chapter goes under the hood of ModS
Page 25 and 26: open source, you can extend it dire
Page 27 and 28: I User Guide This part, with its 14
Page 29 and 30: eleased in November 2002, but a few
Page 31 and 32: similar restrictions, either direct
Page 33 and 34: Embedded Because ModSecurity is an
Page 35 and 36: Request header transformation Apach
Page 37 and 38: invoke the rules specified to work
Page 39 and 40: what was read. The fourth message t
Page 41 and 42: In the example traces, you’ve obs
Page 43 and 44: Rule writing Rule writing is an ess
Page 45 and 46: minor) version. Before reporting an
Page 47 and 48: 2 Installation Before you can insta
Page 49 and 50: gpg: Signature made Wed 12 Aug 2009
Page 51 and 52: Once you have determined the locati
Page 53 and 54: Compile-Time Options The configurat
Page 55 and 56: # yum install mod_security On CentO
Page 57 and 58: 3 Configuration Now that you have M
Page 59 and 60:
Audit logs /opt/modsecurity/var/aud
Page 61 and 62:
file, I refer to any other ModSecur
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SecRequestBodyAccess On Once this f
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Note To instruct ModSecurity to ins
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For now, we also assume that you wi
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The SecArgumentSeparator directive
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DA %{MULTIPART_DATA_AFTER}, \ HF %{
Page 73 and 74:
4 Logging This section covers the l
Page 75 and 76:
One way to make debugging easier is
Page 77 and 78:
the use of multiple segments is to
Page 79 and 80:
Concurrent Audit Log Initially, Mod
Page 81 and 82:
How Remote Logging Works Remote log
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Activating Remote Logging You will
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That’s basically all you need to
Page 87 and 88:
Note Storage of intercepted files c
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print "$output\n"; Note If you need
Page 91 and 92:
Dynamically Altering Logging Config
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Now you need to add a phase rule th
Page 95 and 96:
Index A Action part H header, 343 a
Page 97 and 98:
adding new variable, 235 extension
Page 99 and 100:
performance comparing rule sets, 18
Page 101 and 102:
SecChrootDir directive, 252 SecColl
Page 103:
WebApp-Info part H header, 346 web
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ModSecurity Handbook: Getting Started - Bad Request

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