CHAPTER I UNITED STATES CHAPTER II CANADA VOLUME 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction i Statistical 1 Virginia 11 New Engl<strong>and</strong> 12 Pennsylvania 14 North Carolina 18 South Carolina 25 Maryl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Delaware 27 Jersey 29 New York 29 Georgia 32 Kentucky 34 Tennessee 35 Routes to the Pacific 36 California 41 Introduction <strong>and</strong> Statistical 43 Newfoundl<strong>and</strong> 48 Cape Breton 49 Nova Scotia 52 Prince Edward Isl<strong>and</strong> 63 New Brunswick 74 Quebec - Lower Canada 77
Statistical - 1 - CHAPTER I UNITED STATES – Colonial <strong>The</strong> United States has been the major recipient: of a great migration from 1700 A.D., under which almost thirty million people came from all other countries to North America. Our concern is the movement of our clan from the Highl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s of Scotl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> from Ulster. <strong>The</strong> circumstances under which our clansmen lived has been dealt with in Vol. 111. In this chapter we will proceed as follows: 1. I will select a very few of the available statistics on the movement of the Scots <strong>and</strong> Scotch-Irish to United States, to a series of colonies <strong>and</strong> to an independent nation. <strong>The</strong> term Scotch-Irish has had a lengthy <strong>history</strong>. Hanna, Ford, Dunaway <strong>and</strong> Leyburn regard the title as being the sons <strong>and</strong> daughters of Scotch persons who moved to Irel<strong>and</strong> from Scotl<strong>and</strong> under the Tudors <strong>and</strong> Stewarts in the sixteenth <strong>and</strong> seventeenth centuries. <strong>The</strong>y were Protestant <strong>and</strong> generally Presbyterian, who moved particularly to Ulster, but went to other parts of Irel<strong>and</strong>. As described in Chap. VI some of these Scotch-Irish found their Presbyterianism being degraded by the government <strong>and</strong> by the Episcopal church. In matters of agriculture, rack-rents, charged by the proprietors, made it impossible to sustain the family; in the woollen industry, where farmers <strong>and</strong> weavers had worked together the government of Britain despoiled the industry. Dunaway 1 (pp. 4-9) describes these developments. <strong>The</strong>se Scotch-Irish began to move once more, primarily to America, but also to Engl<strong>and</strong>, France, Germany, Spain <strong>and</strong> the West Indies. In Pennsylvania three successive Governors were looking for immigrants <strong>and</strong> welcomed the Scotch-Irish; in New Hampshire a Governor promised freedom <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>. <strong>The</strong> Puritans of Boston required that any such emigrants should leave their Massachusetts as soon as possible but this attitude was unique. <strong>The</strong> number of Scots from Scotl<strong>and</strong> to United States was small, <strong>and</strong>, in fact, continued so during the eighteenth <strong>and</strong> the first. half of the nineteenth centuries. We have no official record of such immigration until 1820, after the passing, by Congress, of the Immigration act in 1819. This Act, regulating the carriage of steerage passengers at sea, (not "Cabin") required that "the Captain or Master of any ship or vessel arriving in the United States, from any foreign place, should deliver a manifest of all the passengers, giving age, sex <strong>and</strong> occupation of the total list, together with the country to which they belong <strong>and</strong> the country to which they expect to return". A first list showing the Number, Nationality, Sex, Age, Occupation <strong>and</strong> Destinations began in September 1820. 1 Dunaway, W.F.; <strong>The</strong> Scotch-Irish of Colonial Pennsylvania, London. 1962 pp. 4-9, 12, 29.
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