rnp ar sid etod fosa navaids atc gnss rnp rnav fms nanu vfr ... - ICAO

Performance Based navigation 

Safety Benefits 

Confidential and 

>> Sebastien Borel 

Miami, 19 October 2011 

proprietary document. 

FOSA PERFORMANCE BASED NAVIGATION 

RNP AR 

ETOD 

SID NAVAIDS 

ATC 

ANSP 

NDB 

PBN 

RNAV 

FMS GNSS 

DH 

AIP RNP 

NANU 

VFR 

TAWS STAR 

EOSID 

MDA 

WGS84 

VOR 

AGL 

2 

ATC Confidential and proprietary document. 

© QUOVADIS. All rights reserved. C 

© QUOVADIS. © QUOVADIS. All rights reserved. All rightss 

Creserved. 

Confidential and proprietary docu ument. 

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Global Navigation Satellite System = Aworldwide 

position and time determination system that 

includes one or more satellite constellations, 

aircraft receivers and system integrity monitoring, 

augmented as necessary to support the required 

navigation performance for the intended operation. 

>> PBN PERFORMANCE‐BASED NAVIGATION SOLUTIONS 

>> Performance Based Navigation 

PBN & RNP CONCEPT 

RNAV & RNP: GNSS based 

RNAV = Capability to fly from waypoint to waypoint defined by 

geographic fixes (LAT/LONG) and not necessarily with ground 

navaids 

RNAV can also use DME‐DME information but restricted. 

© QUOVADIS. All rights reserved. CConfidential 

and proprietary document. 

© QUOVADIS. All rights reserved. C CConfidential 

Confidential and proprietary document. 

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Critical Phase of flight: RNP & RNP AR 

• Arrivals & Departures: RNAV 1 or RNP1 STAR & SIDs 

• Approaches: 

o RNP APCH (RNAV GNSS) 0.3 NM 

o RNP AR (RNAV RNP) –0.3 NM or below 

o RNP APCH (RNAV GNSS) – 0.3 NM Confidential and proprietary document. 

2 x RNP 

RNP AR Protection Areas 





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Fully Protected Trajectories 

Fully Managed Approach 

8 Smooth 3° descent 

Reduction in minima 

Fully Managed Missed App. 



SAFETY BENEFITS 

Fully Managed and Stabilized approaches 





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• Without additional ground equipment 

• Instrument Approach followed by a 

visual maneuver to land on opposite 

runway 

• 25 times safer to use straight‐in rather 

than Circle to Land 

• Responsible for several fatal accidents 

• Approaches need flexibility in terms of 

trajectories j i (curved ( dpath) h) requiring ii 

RNP AR. 

Removal of visual procedures 

Removal of Circle to Land 

© QUOVADIS. All rights reserved. C Confidential and proprietary document. 



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Non‐normal operations 

• RNP AR procedures cover 

– Missed Approach engine‐out 

– Departures and EOSID Confidential and proprietary document. 

Taking into considerations aircraft performance 

and specific airport environment 

Diversion Points between departure 

and Engine out departure 

Safely improved airport access 

• Lower minima 

– Optimized obstacle protection area compared to conventional Non‐precision 

approaches (VOR, (VOR NDB NDB, Circle to land land...) ) 

– Decision height (DH) as low as 250 ft AGL 

– Less diversions & missed approaches 


• Reduced visibility criteria 

proprietary 

• Tegucigalpa: 2000ft lower 

• Cuzco from 8KM to 4KM on departures 

document. 

Li Jiang RNP AR 

RWY 02 Minima (ft) Minima (ft) Visibility (m) 

Conventional Circling MDA 11417 DH 4058 10 000 

RNP AR RNP AR DA 7730 DH 420 1 900 





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Independent from ground Based navaids failure 

• Allows to keep flying in case of ground NAVAIDS outage or maintenance 



SAFETY BENEFITS, YES BUT… 

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Performance Based Navigation relies on... 

WGS84 terrain needs to and be Obstacle updated Data 

- ICAO Process Annex in place 15 to gather New Obstacles 

- Accurate Process in threshold place to and evaluate runway impact information on procedures 

- Up Process to date in place for temporary obstacles 

RAIM GPS Signal prediction p g needs to be determined 

- At 5 Satellites dispatch during the approach 

- Entire with Masking trajectory information coming from terrain data 

- Taking and looking into considerations at Satellite Maintenance masking (NANUs) 


Aircraft Navigation Navigation database database needs to be validated 

- Coded every 28 procedures days 

proprietary 

-Database - compared updated with a “golden” every 28 database days 

- fully For RNP Managed AR… procedures and RNP approaches 

document. 

People Training is Key 

-- Aircraft Crew and Crew Dispatch 

-ATC - ATC (Tower & Center) 

- New Phraseology 

- New MEL items… 

Procedure Design is more complex 





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Risk of Mismanaged Design 

PBN will improve Safety only if it is done adequately, if not, result could be negative 

• Procedure not flown 

o No benefits (overlays of conventional procedures) 

o Not approved by authorities 

o Longer than conventional (Noise reduction case) 

o Procedure does not integrate well with Conventional Traffic 

o Procedure cuts VFR or helicopter traffic 

o ATC not trained to manage PBN traffic 

• Procedure is flown but contains flaws 

o Vertical profile too steep = Missed Approach 

o Procedure not optimized for payload 

• Missed Approach too steep 

• Departure too steep 

o Procedures not checked for Terrain warning (TAWS alerts) 

• Procedure contains dangerous flaws 

o Missing obstacles 

o Performance does not match required vertical profile 



RNP SUCCESS DEPENDS ON 

METHODOLOGY & VALIDATION 

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• AIP /ETOD 

– High Definition Digital Elevation Model 

– Additional dd t o a data survey su ey ote often required equ ed 

WGS84 data is critical 

Simplified Process ‐ Design 

Data Collection 

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• ATC 

– Conventional Traffic 

– Visual sua Traffic a c 

– Surrounding airspace 

– Sectors 

• Weather & Wind 

– Area of turbulences / instability 

– Mountain waves 

– Historical winds 

• Route information 

– Altitude constraints 

Gathering all information 

Setting Objectives all together 

Data Collection 

Pre‐study: Economics vs. Safety 

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Airlines 

Airport 

Authorities 

All stakeholders Kick‐off meeting 

Designer 

ANSP 

Considering the Air Transport system and flight operations RNP 

is a systemic change 

Simulator checks on RNP, RNP AR, SID/EOSID 

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• Procedure technical report 

• FOSA 

• Simulator session with Authorities 

• Validation flight(s) 

– Airbus pilots onboard 



Validation program 

SUMMARY 

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• PBN enhances Safety… 

– Fully managed and protected trajectories 

– Of Often BBetter minima i i & vertical i lprofile fil than h conv. NPA 

– Remove circle to land & visual approaches 

– PBN brings ATC and airlines together 

• …if and only if; 

– Procedures developed with all stakeholders’ inputs 

• Properly Designed with all data 

• Properly validated (FMS, Simulator, etc…) 

– Authorities have a process in place to approve: 

• procedures 

• operators 

Mexico – April 2011 

Summary 

ICAO –IATA PBN Go Team Task Force 

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© QUOVADIS. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. 

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rnp ar sid etod fosa navaids atc gnss rnp rnav fms nanu vfr ... - ICAO

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