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64k<br />
5Sk<br />
52k<br />
48k<br />
48k<br />
32k<br />
8k<br />
RAM<br />
RAH<br />
RAH<br />
BASIC<br />
mi<br />
Reviewed by: MarK Brown<br />
CMiL-tl KMrf wp<br />
~I7T 1<br />
COHAL COWL C8HAL COWL<br />
COHAL RON BARKS<br />
This graph shows<br />
the total address<br />
space of the C64<br />
when the COHAL<br />
cartridge if plugged<br />
it>. The weMory is<br />
152 Kbytes, bankswitched.<br />
COMAL spoils gou.,.anu other<br />
language feels stifling Dg<br />
comparison, me cartridge<br />
version adds lots of niceties<br />
COPIAL SPOILS YOU. IT COMBINES THE FAMILIARITY OF<br />
BASIC UJITH THE STRUCTURED PROGRAMING ENVIRONMENT OF<br />
PASCAL AND THE TURTLE GRAPHICS DF LOGO. WITH ALL<br />
THAT AVAILABLE, ANY OTHER LANGUAGE FEELS STIFLING BY<br />
COMPARISON. NOW, ON THE HEELS OF THE VERY GOOD<br />
DISK-LOADED VERSION 0.14, COMES CARTRIDGE-BASED CORAL<br />
2.01. BESIDES ALL THE FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES OF ITS<br />
PREDECESSOR (SEE THE REVIEW 5 ERG-CARD IN ISSUE #4),<br />
THE CARTRIOGE VERSION ADDS LOTS OF EXTRA NICETIES,<br />
AND OVERCOMES THE SHORTCOMINGS OF CORAL 0.14.<br />
THE MAJOR DIFFICULTY WITH 0.14 WAS THE MEMORY IT USED<br />
UP. BY THE TIME IT LOADED FROM DISK, YOU WERE LEFT<br />
WITH ONLY ABOUT 10K OF PROGRAM MEMORY. OF COURSE,<br />
THE CARTRIDGE TAKES CARE OF THAT. ON POWER-UP, YOU<br />
HAVE OVER 30K OF PROGRAM MEMORY, ALMOST AS MUCH AS<br />
WITH BASIC. THE COPIAL CARTRIDGE ITSELF CONTAINS 64K<br />
(!) OF BANK-SWITCHED RON, WHICH IS STACKED IN FOUR<br />
16K BL0CK5 OVER THE C64'S OWN BASIC ROM AND RAM. YOU<br />
DON'T EVER HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THE TECHNICAL STUFF,<br />
HOWEVER; THE BANK-SWITCHING IS AUTOMATIC, FAST, AND<br />
INVISIBLE. COPIAL 2.01 IS INTERNALLY QUITE DIFFERENT<br />
FROM 0.14, AND IS STRUCTURED AS A COPIAL KERNAL WITH<br />
EXTENSION PACKAGES. THIS IS A MEMORY-SAVING<br />
TECHNIQUE WHICH MEANS THAT, FOR EXAMPLE, THE GRAPHICS<br />
VOCABULARY IS INACTIVE IF YOU DON'T NEED GRAPHICS IN<br />
YOUR CURRENT PROGRAM. WHEN YOU NEED GRAPHICS, THE<br />
DNE-LINE COMMAND 'USE GRAPHICS' WILL INVOKE THE<br />
NECESSARY ADDITIONS. THIS CHANGE MEANS THAT SOME<br />
MINOR TRANSLATION IS NEEDED TO ADAPT COTIAL 0.14<br />
PROGRAMS TO RUN ON THE CARTRIOGE VERSION. THE ONLY<br />
CHANGES I HAVE USUALLY FOUND NECESSARY ARE TO (1) ADD<br />
THE 'USE GRAPHICS' COMMAND TO THE START OF THE<br />
PROGRAM, AND (2) MAKE SOME SYNTAX CHANGES TO REFLECT<br />
THE REPLACEMENT OF COMMANDS WITH PROCEDURES; I.E.<br />
'BACKGROUND 0' BECOMES 'BACKGROUND (O)1. IF YOU<br />
ALREADY HAVE A LIBRARY OF COPIAL 0.14 PROGRAMS BUILT<br />
UP AND WANT TO ADAPT THEM TO THE CARTRIDGE VERSION,<br />
YOU WILL HAVE TO MAKE THESE CHANGES.<br />
THE IMPROVED EDITOR CAN HELP YOU MAKE THEM. BESIDES<br />
THE IMPRESSIVE ERROR-CHECKING BUILT INTO THE<br />
ORIGINAL, COPIAL 2.01 ADDS 'FIND' AND 'CHANGE' TO THE<br />
EDITOR'S VOCABULARY. THE PROGRAM STILL AUTOMATICALLY<br />
INDENTS WHEN LISTED, WITH THE ADDED OPTION OF HAVING<br />
KEYWORDS IN UPPERCASE TO DIFFERENTIATE THEM FROM<br />
VARIABLE AND PROCEDURE NAMES. SEVERAL CONTROL KEYS<br />
HAVE BEEN DEFINED TO DELETE-TO-END-OF-LINE, JUMP<br />
AHEAD OR BACK BY ONE WORD, RESTORE LINE TO PRE-EDITED<br />
STATE (GREAT FOR ALL THOSE TYPING MISTAKES!), AND<br />
EVEN DUMP THE SCREEN TO THE PRINTER. THE FUNCTION<br />
KEYS ARE ALSO DEFINED TO PROVIDE AUTOMATIC RUN, EDIT,<br />
AUTO LINE-NUMBERS, ETC. THEY ARE USER-REDEFINABLE,<br />
TOO. 'LIST procedure' ENABLES YOU TO LIST AND EDIT<br />
PROCEDURES BY NAME. THERE ARE MANY OTHER FEATURES<br />
THAT REALLY ARE JUST TDO NUMEROUS TO MENTION.
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