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<strong>ASTRONOMY</strong> <strong>CONTRAILS</strong> <strong>JET</strong> <strong>AVIATION</strong> CIRRUS GLOBAL WARMING AIR ...<br />
3. Contrails in Landsat-7 imagery: http://science.nasa.gov/...<br />
NEAR ... up<br />
1. First <strong>of</strong> its kind: the interplanetary spacecraft NEAR was used to image what appears to be the remnant <strong>of</strong> a jet contrail over the Saudi Arabian desert. As NASA points<br />
out, this is one <strong>of</strong> the first instances where terrestrial civilization has been detected by an interplanetary probe [however, the clouds appear natural to the keeper]:<br />
http://near.jhuapl.edu/...<br />
NOAA ... up<br />
1. General info on NOAA satellite products: http://www.itc.nl/...<br />
2. NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory: Effects <strong>of</strong> aircraft on the atmosphere: "For both subsonic and supersonic aircraft, there are many questions about how the exhaust gases<br />
and particles might influence the atmosphere": http://www.al.noaa.gov/...<br />
3. Contrails are only visible in NOAA AVHRR 1-km imaging if already 0.5 km wide: http://www-pm.larc.nasa.gov/...<br />
4. Satellite picture <strong>of</strong> contrails over Virginia: http://www.datasys.net/...<br />
5. Jet Contrails over northeast US, June 4, 1999 (NOAA 14): http://fermi.jhuapl.edu/...<br />
6. NOAA winter image <strong>of</strong> Great Lake region. The web site does not mention contrails, but NOAA has confirmed to me that the many linear features are indeed contrails or<br />
contrail shadows: http://hazard1.wwb.noaa.gov/...<br />
7. "Satellite Picture <strong>of</strong> the Week", including shadows <strong>of</strong> contrails cast on lower clouds; notice regular spacing <strong>of</strong> contrails over the North Atlantic: http://wwwimk.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/...<br />
- and - click<br />
8. Spiral-shaped contrail, 14 turns, most likely from an AWACS plane, over the North Sea, (the web site does not specify the spacecraft, but Dundee Satellite Receiving<br />
Station has confirmed this to be a NOAA image, from April 15, 1993, and supplied other archive images <strong>of</strong> the event): http://www.win.net/...<br />
9. Fresh contrails over Kansas in MODIS NOAA 14 data (scroll to bottom <strong>of</strong> image) http://ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/... and click click<br />
10. Lots <strong>of</strong> contrails on June 4, 1999 NOAA picture <strong>of</strong> the North East <strong>of</strong> the USA: http://fermi.jhuapl.edu/... with details on: click<br />
11. NOAA Contrails over the Baltic: http://www.rummet.dk/...<br />
SEAWIFS ... up<br />
1. Contrails visible just west <strong>of</strong> Chicago in the August 20, 1999 SeaWiFS image <strong>of</strong> the Great Lakes region: http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/ - and - possible contrail in image <strong>of</strong><br />
Turkey: click<br />
2. Contrails over Florida in the "Astronomy Picture <strong>of</strong> the Day": http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/...<br />
3. "Image <strong>of</strong> the Week" on October 16 2000: "Jet Contrails Sweep Across Lake Superior": http://www.eoscenter.com/... also used on chemtrail site:<br />
http://www.angelfire.com/...<br />
4. SEAWIFS: Numerous contrails over the North Atlantic (East <strong>of</strong> Iceland): http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/... from click<br />
5. SEAWIFS: Contrails crossing Canary Islands: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/... from click<br />
6. Check: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/...<br />
TERRA SPACECRAFT ... up<br />
1. MODIS instrument good for contrail-cirrus detection: "MODIS will produce the first highly detailed global maps <strong>of</strong> cirrus cloud cover, which will significantly improve<br />
the ability <strong>of</strong> scientists to track changes in the amount <strong>of</strong> cirrus over time. According to recent research, cirrus clouds - and their atmospheric warming influence - may<br />
be increasing over areas with heavy air traffic as the contrails produced by jet exhaust form cirrus clouds": http://pao.gsfc.nasa.gov/...<br />
2. EOS-Terra MODIS imagery: "Note pattern <strong>of</strong> extensive jet aircraft contrails over San Francisco and central California": http://www.seaspace.com/...<br />
SPACE SHUTTLE ... up<br />
1. According to one NASA site, the first photograph taken from the Space Shuttle <strong>of</strong> an airplane generating a contrail, was obtained during STS 26 (September 1988) (text<br />
only): http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/... (NOTE: this is inconsistent with the legend <strong>of</strong> a 1983 photo from STS 9, roll 46, frame 1814: http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/... )<br />
2. Impressive contrails over Crete and Turkey: http://www.southwestern.edu/...<br />
3. A 30 km wide contrail in ISIR Space Shuttle imaging: http://isir.gsfc.nasa.gov/... - and - click<br />
4. ISIR - Space Shuttle - STS 85 producing good results on contrails: http://www.rumford.com/...<br />
5. Contrail over Bangladesh: http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/...<br />
6. Inspection <strong>of</strong> NASA image archive gives contrails in picture http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/... click click<br />
7. Space Shuttle image <strong>of</strong> a contrail and its shadow near the mouth <strong>of</strong> the Ebro river, Spain: http://capita.wustl.edu/...<br />
8. Space Shuttle, MIR, and contrails (Note that NUMEROUS other photos from the collections <strong>of</strong> Space Shuttle flights show contrails): http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/... - and -<br />
click<br />
9. NASA photo index finds 390 contrail images, in Space Shuttle hand-held imagery. http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ - The data file has been sorted chronologically:<br />
http://www.astro.ku.dk/~holger/IDA/STSHH.html<br />
10. New and aged contrails, seen over Denmark (Space Shuttle hand-held photo): http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/... - and - click - and - click - and - click - and - click<br />
11. Space Shuttle, and contrails, here there, everywhere: http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/...<br />
12. EarthKAM: Superb Space Shuttle Photo <strong>of</strong> contrails: http://earthkam.sdsc.edu/...<br />
13. EarthKAM: http://earthkam.sdsc.edu/...<br />
14. The Great Wall <strong>of</strong> China is the purpose <strong>of</strong> this picture, but what one sees, is a contrail: http://earthkam.sdsc.edu/...<br />
15. Earthkam: over England: http://earthkam.sdsc.edu/...<br />
SPOT ... up<br />
1. SPOT images: Solar eclipse August 11 1999: look carefully at one <strong>of</strong> the two Spot Images images released by CNES, and see lots <strong>of</strong> contrails over the Dutch coast, and<br />
over the Paris area: http://www.cnes.fr/... ... For a section <strong>of</strong> this image: http://www.astro.ku.dk/~holger/IDA/S/page00511.html<br />
TIROS ... up<br />
1. Contrail over Denmark and Sweden (TIROS?): http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/...<br />
SATELLITE DATA ARCHIVES & REAL TIME<br />
SATELLITE ... up<br />
Look yourself for contrails in current satellite imagery!<br />
http://www.astro.ku.dk/~holger/IDA/notes.html<br />
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12/11/2008