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The TB-IRIS project started officially on July 1st 2007. The launch of the field and laboratory work in Uganda was extensively prepared, and resulted in the extension of the consortium with the Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC) in Kampala. The work started in September 2007 with patient enrolment in study cohorts at Mulago hospital other at the Infectious Disease Institute. We organised a workshop on ELISPOT, a method to assess the immunological efficiency of new potential HIV vaccines. Unit of STD/HIV Epidemiology and Control The Unit of STI/HIV Epidemiology and Control aims at contributing to the worldwide prevention of HIV infection. In 2007, HIV prevention and care services for sex workers in our collaborative project in Ivory Coast were expanded to three new sites, bringing the total number to eight. At the national level, a workshop was organised for the training of peer health educators and community workers. Guidelines on the minimum package of services for sex workers were elaborated and validated. A survey on HIV and STIs and associated risk behaviour among women attending the clinics, revealed a HIV prevalence of 33.4%. International Women’s Day in Kenya. 36 | RESEARCH The intervention studies for female sex workers in Kisumu, Western Kenya, in collaboration with Family Health Options Kenya, had a higher uptake of services than expected, indicating a large unmet need. Highlight of the year was the celebration of the International Women’s Day. In the same area, the unit also collaborates with the Kenya Medical Research Institute and the US Centers for Disease Control in a prevention programme for youth. The most promising and innovative component is an intervention targeting parents of children aged 9-12 years, called “Families Matter!”. The aim is to provide parents with skills and self-confidence to talk about sex with their children. WHO has provided funding to conduct a literature review and more qualitative work on parent-adolescent relationships in Kenya and Tanzania. This work is done in collaboration with the Medical Research Council in Glasgow, KEMRI and the National Institute of Medical Research in Tanzania. Another gap in youth interventions is the problem of HIV infected adolescents. A grant from the Dutch AIDS-FUND will allow the STI/HIV Epidemiology and Control Unit, in collaboration with the Department of Clinical Sciences, to develop an intervention addressing the sexual and reproductive health needs of HIV infected adolescents in Uganda and Kenya. The unit is involved in several projects and networks on vaginal microbicides, including two phase III trials on the effects of cellulose sulphate on HIV transmission; EMPRO (European Microbicides Programme); EUROPRISE (European Vaccines and Microbicides Enterprise); and an EDCTP-funded project on capacity building for microbicide trials. In January 2007, the phase III trials of cellulose sulphate were stopped by their Independent Data Monitoring Committees, a new and major setback for the entire field. The STI laboratory and the AIDS Reference Laboratory played an important part in these trials and participated in the close-out visits of the sites. On a more positive note, funding was secured from the Dormeur Foundation for the purchase of real time PCR equipment. This equipment will be used in a phase I study assessing the effects of a vaginal ring containing dapivirine on the vaginal flora.
The EuropeAid project on HIV/AIDS prevention in Cambodia focused on youth as main target group. The EuropeAid funded project “Increasing the relevance and effectiveness of HIV/AIDS prevention and care among youths through a Cambodia-Thailand partnership” ended on 31 st December 2007. This large project had several components, including care of HIV infected persons, HIV prevention in youth, and operational research. A project review was conducted in Cambodia and Thailand. The final workshop on 19 - 20 December in Siem Reap, Cambodia, was attended by over 100 participants from the Ministry of Health, partners and stakeholders. The collaboration with the National Centre for HIV/AIDS (NCHADS) will continue, among others through the ITM/DGCD framework programme. The experience of the unit is also put to use for international policy support and development. Marie Laga is an active member of the UNAIDS Prevention Reference group; the Global Prevention Working group (funded by the Gates and Kaiser foundations); and the Scientific and Technical Advisory Board of WHO’s AIDS programme. In 2007 she also provided technical assistance to the Avahan Programme in India, the world’s largest HIV prevention program for sex workers, and the AIDS Strategy & Action plan (ASAP ) working group of the World Bank to strengthen the strategic planning processes in different African countries. She travelled several times to Mexico in her capacity as co-chair for science of the 2008 World AIDS conference. Unit of Mycobacteriology In 2007, the Unit of Mycobacteriology retained its focus on Tuberculosis (TB) and Buruli ulcer (BU). In TB research our main topics are drug resistance, in particular multidrug resistant TB (MDRTB) and improved treatment. A drug-resistance survey (DRS) in Rwanda was completed and published, showing moderate levels of resistance to first-line drugs and very low levels of resistance to second-line drugs. Another DRS in Georgia, for which we performed quality control, revealed a prevalence of 6.8% MDRTB among new cases and of 27.4% among retreatment cases in the general population. Other DRS were started or supported in Tanzania and Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, rifampicin resistance increased after a switch to long-term use of this drug, but further follow-up is needed to confirm this trend. We found only a few cases of the much dreaded and publicised extensively-drug resistant tuberculosis (XDRTB) in samples from Bangladesh, Rwanda, Myanmar, Burundi and DR Congo. In surveys in Georgia, we found 6 XDRTB among 66 MDRTB cases, and in Abkazia one in 29. RESEARCH | 37
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Page 10 and 11: Activity and Performance Indicators
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Projects For more details, see www.
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Library and bibliography The ITM li
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ITM Publications in 2007 Department
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Orroth KK, Freeman EE, Bakker R, Bu
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Vereecken K, Naus CWA, Polman K, Sc
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Li FJ, Gasser RB, Lai DH, Claes F,
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Esterhuizen J, Kappmeier K, Nevill
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Kishore PV, Palaian S, Paudel R, Pr
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Department of Public Health Publica
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lunch on the dietary intake of acry
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Conferences ITM Annual Colloquium M
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4th International Congress on Infec
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EDCTP stakeholder meeting on HIV va
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Revitalisation of the health system
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International workshop on trypanoso
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Medical Services Medical services T
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Hospitalisation Unit The Tropical a
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WHO Collaborating Centre for the Di
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Development Cooperation The Belgian
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esearch, training or reference diag
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The ITM formally submitted the FA3
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Reference number 96702 Uganda, Rwan
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Asia Reference number 95801 Vietnam
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General Early 2007, the ITM adopted
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The Human Resources Service managed
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The ITM technicians installinig a n
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Human Resources On 31 December 2007
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Finances We start this chapter with
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Expenditure Figure 7 shows the effe
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154 | MANAGEMENT Income and expense
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Balance Previously, major investmen
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Board of Governors Chairman: Mr. C.
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Management Director Gryseels Bruno
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Salomez Sabien Smet Hilde Thys Wend
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The director was also happy to anno
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Word of thanks We are grateful to m
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