Southern African Development Community - United States ...

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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms-Cont. PRGF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility PRSC Poverty Reduction Support Credit PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper ROC Republic of the Congo SACU Southern African Customs Union SADC Southern African Development Community SDR Special Drawing Rights SSA Sub-Saharan Africa TDA U.S. Trade and Development Agency TRIPS Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights UDEAC L’Union Douanière Et Economique UEMOA Union Economique Et Monétaire Ouest Africaine UN United Nations UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization URA Uruguay Round Agreements USAID U.S. Agency for International Development USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USDOC U.S. Department of Commerce USITC U.S. International Trade Commission USTR United States Trade Representative WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WTO World Trade Organization xxvi
INTRODUCTION Purpose and Organization of the Report This is the fifth report in a 5-year series documenting U.S.-sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) trade and investment flows. 1 In a letter dated April 12, 2000, 2 the United States Trade Representative (USTR) asked the United States International Trade Commission (Commission or USITC) to submit, annually for 5 years, a report that provides: S an analysis of U.S.-SSA merchandise trade and services trade flows; S country-by-country profiles of the economies of each SSA country, including information on major trading partners, and a summary of the trade and investment climates in each; S a summary of U.S. foreign and total direct investment and portfolioinvestment in SSA; S information on SSA privatization efforts; S updates on progress in regional integration in SSA, including statistics on U.S. trade with the major regional groupings; and S a summary of multilateral and U.S. bilateral assistance to SSA countries. In a supplementary letter dated July 10, 2002, 3 USTR asked the Commission to provide the following additional information: S the value of U.S. imports from SSA under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), including the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) provisions, by beneficiary country and major product categories; S information on investment developments related to AGOA; S a description and analysis of major SSA export sectors; 1 In a letter dated June 5, 1996, the USTR asked the Commission to submit, annually for 5 years, the specified report. A first series of reports resulted from section 134 of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA), which directed the President to develop a comprehensive trade and development policy for the countries of Africa, and to report to the Congress annually for 5 years on the steps taken to carry out that mandate. The Statement of Administrative Action approved by the Congress in the URAA broadly outlined the Administration’s plans for this work, and the assistance needed from the Commission for the President to fulfill this assignment. The series consisted of five reports, produced over the period 1995–1999. See USITC, U.S.–Africa Trade Flows and Effects of the Uruguay Round Agreements and U.S. Trade and Development Policy, Fifth Annual Report, USITC pub. 3250, Oct. 1999. 2 Copy of the request letter is in app. A 3 Copy of the supplemental letter is in app. A. xxvii
Page 2 and 3: U.S. International Trade Commission
Page 4 and 5: UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE C
Page 6 and 7: This report was principally prepare
Page 8 and 9: imports from the region. U.S. expor
Page 10 and 11: - the Southern African Development
Page 12 and 13: vi Figure ES-1 SSA sector profiles
Page 14 and 15: purchased Fine Chemicals Corp. faci
Page 16 and 17: exploration drilling. U.S. exports
Page 18 and 19: egional stability stemming from neg
Page 21 and 22: TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Executive Su
Page 23 and 24: TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page
Page 29: TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page
Page 34 and 35: Approach S expanded information on
Page 36 and 37: Cape Verde Senegal The Gambia Guine
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER 1 U.S. Trade and Investment
Page 41 and 42: The increase in total U.S. exports
Page 43 and 44: In absolute terms, U.S. merchandise
Page 45 and 46: Table 1-1 Sub-Saharan Africa: U.S.
Page 47 and 48: 1-9 Table 1-2—Continued Sub-Sahar
Page 49 and 50: In absolute terms, significant incr
Page 51 and 52: 1-13 Table 1-3—Continued Sub-Saha
Page 53 and 54: Figure 1-9 U.S. cross-border trade
Page 55 and 56: Box 1-1 Services Trade in Sub-Sahar
Page 57 and 58: Table 1-5 Total Africa and South Af
Page 59 and 60: Table 1-6 Global investment flows t
Page 61 and 62: since 2000. 35 African companies, m
Page 63 and 64: Table 1-9 Bilateral investment trea
Page 65: Because the lack of available infor
Page 68 and 69: through September 30, 2015, and the
Page 70 and 71: U.S. Imports under AGOA the Secreta
Page 72 and 73: 2-6 Table 2-2—Continued U.S. impo
Page 74 and 75: AGOA-Related Investment accounted f
Page 76 and 77: 2-10 Table 2-4—Continued Leading
Page 78 and 79: Table 2-5 Selected examples of rece
Page 80 and 81: Table 2-5—Continued Selected exam
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Table 2-5—Continued Selected exam
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African Union Commission that was d
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Status and Structure: ECOWAS was es
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Status and Structure: Union Economi
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Status and Structure: Common Market
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Status and Structure: Southern Afri
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Status and Structure: Southern Afri
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Status and Structure: East African
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Status and Structure: Intergovernme
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Status and Structure: 800 600 400 2
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Communauté Economique et Monétair
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TRADE-Continued ENDNOTES 1 African
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Table 4-1 Summary of general develo
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environment, and strengthening soci
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Table 4-4 World Bank projects appro
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Table 4-4—Continued World Bank pr
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Table 4-6 MIGA guarantees issued in
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infrastructure funds, and developme
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lending facility (formerly known as
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provided $300 million for NEPAD inf
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Table 4-8 U.S. support for building
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4-20 Figure 4-1 U.S. trade capacity
Page 128 and 129:
Table 4-10-Continued Examples of tr
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Box 4-1 USAID and Trade Capacity-Bu
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Table 4-11 Sub-Saharan Africa: Expo
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Table 4-12-Continued U.S. Trade and
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In FY 2003, USAID obligations for S
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USAID is a partner in the $15-billi
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agriculture, fisheries, and forest
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AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES, AND FOREST
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
SSA sector production, by country,
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TRADE-Continued South Africa 58% So
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South Africa U.S. sector SSA FDI po
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PETROLEUM AND ENERGY-RELATED PRODUC
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
1 MINERALS AND METALS SSA sector pr
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SSA sector global imports, by count
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TRADE-Continued South Africa 39% U.
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U.S. sector SSA FDI position, by co
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MINERALS AND METALS-CONTINUED 35 Me
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1 TEXTILES AND APPAREL S SSA accoun
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SSA sector global imports, by count
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TRADE-Continued South Africa 21% Gh
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TEXTILES AND APPAREL-CONTINUED 1 Th
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CERTAIN TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT 1
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South Africa 61% Certain Transporta
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TRADE-Continued South Africa 67% Ce
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Certain Transportation Equipment-co
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EAC regional framework, Uganda is s
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Figure 6-1 Gross national income pe
Page 198 and 199:
Table 6-2 Tariffs in sub-Saharan Af
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Statistical data for the 48 countri
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ANGOLA Main Trade Partners, percent
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enin Main Trade Partners, percent o
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otswana Main Trade Partners, percen
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urkina faso Main Trade Partners, pe
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urundi Main Trade Partners, percent
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cameroon Main Trade Partners, perce
Page 214 and 215:
cape verde Main Trade Partners, per
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central african republic Main Trade
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chad Main Trade Partners, percent o
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comoros Main Trade Partners, percen
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CÔTE D’IVOIRE Main Trade Partner
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democratic republic of THE CONGO Ma
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djibouti Main Trade Partners, perce
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equatorial guINEA Main Trade Partne
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eritrea Main Trade Partners, percen
Page 232 and 233:
ethiopia Main Trade Partners, perce
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gabon Main Trade Partners, percent
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the gambia Main Trade Partners, per
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ghana Main Trade Partners, percent
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guinea Main Trade Partners, percent
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guinea-bissau Main Trade Partners,
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kenya Main Trade Partners, percent
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lesotho Main Trade Partners, percen
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liberia Main Trade Partners, percen
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madagascar Main Trade Partners, per
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malawi Main Trade Partners, percent
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mali Main Trade Partners, percent o
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mauritania Main Trade Partners, per
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mauritius Main Trade Partners, perc
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mozambique Main Trade Partners, per
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namibia Main Trade Partners, percen
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niger Main Trade Partners, percent
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nigeria Economic Update—Continued
Page 268 and 269:
nigeria Net Foreign Direct Investme
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epublic of the congo Main Trade Par
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wanda Main Trade Partners, percent
Page 274 and 275:
SÃO TOMÉ AND PRINCIPE Main Trade
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senegal Main Trade Partners, percen
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seychelles Main Trade Partners, per
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sierra Leone Main Trade Partners, p
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somalia Main Trade Partners, percen
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south africa 6-92 Economic Update
Page 286 and 287:
south africa Net Foreign Direct Inv
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sudan Main Trade Partners, percent
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swaZILAND Main Trade Partners, perc
Page 292 and 293:
tanzania Main Trade Partners, perce
Page 294 and 295:
togo Main Trade Partners, percent o
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uganda Main Trade Partners, percent
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zambia Main Trade Partners, percent
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zimbabwe Main Trade Partners, perce
Page 302 and 303:
Economist Intelligence Unit, “IMF
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Cameroon Economist Intelligence Uni
Page 306 and 307:
Economist Intelligence Unit, “Eco
Page 308 and 309:
Economist Intelligence Unit, “Reg
Page 310 and 311:
Guinea Economist Intelligence Unit,
Page 312 and 313:
Economist Intelligence Unit, “Gro
Page 314 and 315:
“IMF weighs resumption of aid to
Page 316 and 317:
“Mozambique-South Africa/Investme
Page 318 and 319:
“Country Vows to Make Privatizati
Page 320 and 321:
Economist Intelligence Unit, “US
Page 322 and 323:
Somalia Economist Intelligence Unit
Page 324 and 325:
John Fraser, “Country Takes Lion
Page 326 and 327:
Abduel Kenge, “Tanzania Plans to
Page 328 and 329:
Economist Intelligence Unit, “Spe
Page 330 and 331:
“Weird economy is consuming itsel
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A-2
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A-4
Page 336 and 337:
A-6
Page 338 and 339:
B-2
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Table B-1—Continued U.S. exports,
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Table B-1—Continued U.S. exports,
Page 344 and 345:
Table B-2-Continued Benin: U.S. exp
Page 346 and 347:
Table B-2-Continued Burkina Faso: U
Page 348 and 349:
Table B-2-Continued Cameroon: U.S.
Page 350 and 351:
Table B-2-Continued Central African
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Table B-2-Continued Comoros: U.S. e
Page 354 and 355:
Table B-2-Continued Democratic Repu
Page 356 and 357:
Table B-2-Continued Equatorial Guin
Page 358 and 359:
Table B-2-Continued Ethiopia: U.S.
Page 360 and 361:
Table B-2-Continued The Gambia: U.S
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Table B-2-Continued Guinea: U.S. ex
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Table B-2-Continued Kenya: U.S. exp
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Table B-2-Continued Liberia: U.S. e
Page 368 and 369:
Table B-2-Continued Malawi: U.S. ex
Page 370 and 371:
Table B-2-Continued Mauritania: U.S
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Table B-2-Continued Mozambique: U.S
Page 374 and 375:
Table B-2-Continued Niger: U.S. exp
Page 376 and 377:
Table B-2-Continued Republic of the
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Table B-2-Continued São Tomé & Pr
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Table B-2-Continued Seychelles: U.S
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Table B-2-Continued Somalia: U.S. e
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Table B-2-Continued Sudan: U.S. exp
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Table B-2-Continued Tanzania: U.S.
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Table B-2-Continued Uganda: U.S. ex
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Table B-2-Continued Zimbabwe: U.S.
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Table B-3—Continued Côte d’Ivo
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Table B-3—Continued Gabon: Leadin
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Table B-3—Continued Kenya: Leadin
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Table B-3—Continued Nigeria: Lead
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Table B-3—Continued South Africa:
Page 402 and 403:
Table B-4—Continued U.S. imports
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Table B-4—Continued U.S. imports
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