Oracle Database 11g The Complete Reference (Osborne ORACLE ...

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® Oracle Database 11g : The Complete Reference
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Page 4 and 5: ® Oracle Database 11g : The Comple
Page 6 and 7: This book is dedicated to my family
Page 8 and 9: Contents at a Glance PART I Critica
Page 10 and 11: Hitchhiker’s Guides Contents at a
Page 12 and 13: Contents Acknowledgments . . . . .
Page 14 and 15: Contents xiii 6 Basic SQL*Plus Repo
Page 16 and 17: Dates in where Clauses . . . . . .
Page 18 and 19: Contents xvii Creating Invisible In
Page 20 and 21: Contents xix Stopping and Restartin
Page 22 and 23: Contents xxi Processing the Workloa
Page 24 and 25: Contents xxiii Using INSTEAD OF Tri
Page 26 and 27: Contents xxv Database Links and Mat
Page 28 and 29: Contents xxvii 51 The Hitchhiker’
Page 30 and 31: M Acknowledgments any people played
Page 32 and 33: PART I Critical Database Concepts
Page 34 and 35: CHAPTER 1 Oracle Database 11g Archi
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 1: Oracle Database 11g Arch
Page 38 and 39: ■ Chapter 1: Oracle Database 11g
Page 40 and 41: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Chapter
Page 42 and 43: CHAPTER 2 Installing Oracle Databas
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2: Installing Oracle Databa
Page 46 and 47: OUI will then perform a series of p
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CHAPTER 3 Upgrading to Oracle Datab
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Chapter 3: Upgrading to Oracle Data
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CHAPTER 4 Planning Oracle Applicati
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Chapter 4: Planning Oracle Applicat
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City ---------- Chapter 4: Planning
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PART II SQL and SQL*Plus
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CHAPTER 5 The Basic Parts of Speech
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Chapter 5: The Basic Parts of Speec
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Business E 1 Weather C 2 Television
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select Feature, Section, Page from
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SAN FRANCISCO 23-SEP-03 .1 SAN FRAN
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select Feature, Section, Page from
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PARIS FRANCE SHENYANG CHINA ROME IT
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SYDNEY 151.13 E 33.52 S SPARTA 22.2
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CHAPTER 6 Basic SQL*Plus Reports an
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Command Definition TABLE 6-1 Basic
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Chapter 6: Basic SQL*Plus Reports a
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2 3 Chapter 6: Basic SQL*Plus Repor
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9 Chapter 6: Basic SQL*Plus Reports
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11 Chapter 6: Basic SQL*Plus Report
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list del 1 select Feature, Section,
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CHAPTER 7 Getting Text Information
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Chapter 7: Getting Text Information
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ATHENS.............................
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Psychologica Faded Issues Entropy W
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The fourth part simply assigns a co
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CHAPTER 8 Searching for Regular Exp
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Chapter 8: Searching for Regular Ex
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707-555-8900 312-555-1414 415-555-6
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CHAPTER 9 Playing the Numbers 155
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Chapter 9: Playing the Numbers 157
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NOTE AVG is not immune to missing d
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select City, SampleDate, GREATEST(M
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CITY SAMPLEDAT NOON ------------- -
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CHAPTER 10 Dates: Then, Now, and th
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select Current_Date from DUAL; CURR
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column LastDay heading "Last Day" s
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15-NOV-04 15-DEC-04 What will be th
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select SysDate AS Today, LAST_DAY(A
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Chapter 10: Dates: Then, Now, and t
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select TO_CHAR('17-MAR-08','Day') f
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HOLIDAY CELEBRATE -----------------
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create table X1 (tscol TIMESTAMP(5)
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CHAPTER 11 Conversion and Transform
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Function Name Definition Chapter 11
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select SUBSTR(948033515,1,5)||'-'||
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Chapter 11: Conversion and Transfor
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CHAPTER 12 Grouping Things Together
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select CategoryName, COUNT(*) from
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having Counter > 1 * ERROR at line
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select CategoryName, COUNT(*) AS Co
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Chapter 12: Grouping Things Togethe
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CHAPTER 13 When One Query Depends u
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Chapter 13: When One Query Depends
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LETTERS AND PAPERS FROM PRISON PREA
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TITLE -----------------------------
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GOOD DOG, CARL GOSPEL GOSPEL HARRY
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CHAPTER 14 Some Complex Possibiliti
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Chapter 14: Some Complex Possibilit
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OFFSPRING SEX COW BULL BIRTHDATE --
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CHAPTER 15 Changing Data: insert, u
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Chapter 15: Changing Data: insert,
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The one Midnight value met this con
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CHAPTER 16 DECODE and CASE: if, the
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Chapter 16: DECODE and CASE: if, th
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'FRED FULLER' 'DORAH TALBOT' ------
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CHAPTER 17 Creating and Managing Ta
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Chapter 17: Creating and Managing T
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CHAPTER 18 Partitioning 323
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(partition PART1 values less than (
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Chapter 18: Partitioning 327 Addtio
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); partition p0701 values less than
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CHAPTER 19 Basic Oracle Security 33
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Chapter 19: Basic Oracle Security 3
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NOTE You can specify account lock a
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grant CREATE SESSION, CREATE TABLE,
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NOTE Unless a synonym is used, the
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update LITTLECOMFORT set Noon = 88
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Users of the CLERK role will then b
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Grant succeeded. connect jed/hop Co
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PART III Beyond the Basics
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CHAPTER 20 Advanced Security— Vir
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Chapter 20: Advanced Security—Vir
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CHAPTER 21 Advanced Security: Trans
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Chapter 21: Advanced Security: Tran
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CHAPTER 22 Working with Tablespaces
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Chapter 22: Working with Tablespace
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CHAPTER 23 Using SQL*Loader to Load
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LOAD DATA INFILE 'bookshelf.dat' IN
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SQLLDR Keyword Description Chapter
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Chapter 23: Using SQL*Loader to Loa
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CHAPTER 24 Using Data Pump Export a
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Chapter 24: Using Data Pump Export
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Parameter Description Chapter 24: U
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CHAPTER 25 Accessing Remote Data 41
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Chapter 25: Accessing Remote Data 4
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select * from Practice.BOOKSHELF; C
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create or replace view RESTRICTED_B
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CHAPTER 26 Using Materialized Views
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Chapter 26: Using Materialized View
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In the third section, the refresh o
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start with SysDate next SysDate+7 a
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3. Generate recommendations. 4. Vie
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efresh force start with SysDate nex
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CHAPTER 27 Using Oracle Text for Te
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You can select the review text from
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Chapter 27: Using Oracle Text for T
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REM CONTAINS method for CONTEXT ind
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CHAPTER 28 Using External Tables 46
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select Title||'~'||AuthorName||'~'
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COUNT(*) ---------- 37 select COUNT
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Chapter 28: Using External Tables 4
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Publisher VARCHAR2(20), CategoryNam
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CHAPTER 29 Using Flashback Queries
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Chapter 29: Using Flashback Queries
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PL/SQL procedure successfully compl
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insert into BOOK_ORDER values ('INN
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Chapter 29: Using Flashback Queries
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CHAPTER 30 Flashback—Tables and D
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select * from RECYCLEBIN; Chapter 3
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31 rows updated. commit; Chapter 30
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desc V$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG Chapt
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CHAPTER 31 SQL Replay 501
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NOTE For best results during the re
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Chapter 31: SQL Replay 505 Starting
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Chapter 31: SQL Replay 507 The targ
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Chapter 31: SQL Replay 509 The sync
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PART IV PL/SQL
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CHAPTER 32 An Introduction to PL/SQ
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Chapter 32: An Introduction to PL/S
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insert into AREAS values (rad_val.r
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exit when rad_cursor%NOTFOUND; area
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Note that there is no line that say
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RADIUS AREA ---------- ---------- 5
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RADIUS AREA ---------- ---------- 3
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CHAPTER 33 Online Application Upgra
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Chapter 33: Online Application Upgr
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■ ■ Nested tables XMLtype Chapt
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CHAPTER 34 Triggers 549
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Chapter 34: Triggers 551 be process
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Chapter 34: Triggers 553 Clearly, t
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Chapter 34: Triggers 555 begin if I
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drop table BOOKSHELF_AUDIT_DUP; cre
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egin if TO_CHAR(SysDate,'DY') = 'SA
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Chapter 34: Triggers 561 Attribute
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Attribute Type Description Example
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Chapter 34: Triggers 565 This examp
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Chapter 34: Triggers 567 To enable
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CHAPTER 35 Procedures, Functions, a
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Chapter 35: Procedures, Functions,
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from BOOKSHELF_CHECKOUT where Name
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CHAPTER 36 Using Native Dynamic SQL
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Chapter 36: Using Native Dynamic SQ
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CHAPTER 37 PL/SQL Tuning 597
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Chapter 37: PL/SQL Tuning 599 3. Av
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10 Radius := radius+1; 11 Exit when
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Comment created. Table created. Com
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Chapter 37: PL/SQL Tuning 605 Use P
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iterations CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER :=
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PART V Object-Relational Databases
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CHAPTER 38 Implementing Object Type
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Chapter 38: Implementing Object Typ
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CHAPTER 39 Collectors (Nested Table
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Chapter 39: Collectors (Nested Tabl
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CHAPTER 40 Using Large Objects 639
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Chapter 40: Using Large Objects 641
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chunk 16K pctversion 10 Chapter 40:
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CHAPTER 41 Advanced Object- Oriente
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Chapter 41: Advanced Object-Oriente
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PART VI Java in Oracle
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CHAPTER 42 An Introduction to Java
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Chapter 42: An Introduction to Java
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int anotherCounter = ++aLoopCounter
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NOTE In Java, the arguments of a ca
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} statement Chapter 42: An Introduc
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public static double area (int rad)
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CHAPTER 43 JDBC Programming 699
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NOTE The following code is provided
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NOTE Production applications would
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} user = user.substring (0, slash_i
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Chapter 43: JDBC Programming 707 Fi
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CHAPTER 44 Java Stored Procedures 7
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} } Chapter 44: Java Stored Procedu
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Argument Description Chapter 44: Ja
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Chapter 44: Java Stored Procedures
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PART VII Hitchhiker’s Guides
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CHAPTER 45 The Hitchhiker’s Guide
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Chapter 45: The Hitchhiker’s Guid
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USER_STATS DURATION SKIP_CORRUPT MO
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INSTANCES CACHE BUFFER_POOL SINGLE_
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PCT_INCREASE MIN_EXTLEN STATUS CONT
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DEF_MAX_EXTENTS DEF_MAX_SIZE DEF_PC
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Chapter 45: The
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
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■ ■ ■ ■ Chapter 46: The Hit
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CHAPTER 47 SQL Result Cache and Cli
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Chapter 47: SQL Result Cache and Cl
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CHAPTER 48 Case Studies in Tuning 8
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Statistic Value Buffer busy waits 6
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Chapter 48: Case Studies in Tuning
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NOTE If you use indexes to index na
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CHAPTER 49 Advanced Architecture Op
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Chapter 49: Advanced Architecture O
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CHAPTER 50 Oracle Real Application
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Chapter 50: Oracle Real Application
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■ Chapter 51: The Hitchhiker’s
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* Permits zero or more occurrences
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Chapter 52: The Hitchhi
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CHILDREN FICTION CHILDRENNF CHILD
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eturns this data: Chapter 52: The H
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PART VIII Alphabetical Reference Co
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FORMAT generally follows the notati
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division or slash /* slash asterisk
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FORMAT select column from table whe
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Writer AUTHOR.AuthorName%TYPE; Coau
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DESCRIPTION SQL*Plus command contin
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prefixing their host language names
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produces this: This is the First Li
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ALIAS 915 FUNCTION NAME AND USE AVG
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FORMAT alter_cluster::= ALTER CLUST
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ecovery_clauses::= general_recovery
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create_datafile_clause::= CREATE DA
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supplemental_id_key_clause::= DATA
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commit_switchover_clause::= PREPARE
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After mounting a database, you OPEN
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attribute_clause::= ATTRIBUTE level
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disk_online_clause::= ONLINE ALL di
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drop_diskgroup_file_clause::= DROP
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DESCRIPTION Use the ALTER FUNCTION
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ebuild_clause::= REBUILD parallel_c
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split_index_partition::= SPLIT PART
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storage_table_clause::= WITH SYSTEM
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physical_attributes_clause::= PCTFR
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modify_LOB_parameters::= storage_cl
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alter_overflow_clause::= add_overfl
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new_values_clause::= INCLUDING EXCL
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drop_binding_clause::= DROP BINDING
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esource_parameters::= SESSIONS_PER_
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FORMAT alter_rollback_segment::= AL
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FORMAT alter_system::= ALTER SYSTEM
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shutdown_dispatcher_clause::= SHUTD
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alter_table_properties::= physical_
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allocate_extent_clause::= ALLOCATE
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segment_attributes_clause::= physic
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modify_col_substitutable::= COLUMN
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nested_table_col_properties::= NEST
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LOB_storage_parameters::= TABLESPAC
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LOB_compression_clause::= COMPRESS
Page 1006 and 1007:
alter_external_table::= add_column_
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alter_interval_partitioning::= SET
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move_table_partition::= MOVE partit
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drop_table_partition::= DROP partit
Page 1014 and 1015:
exceptions_clause::= EXCEPTIONS INT
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partitioning_storage_clause::= TABL
Page 1018 and 1019:
index_subpartition_clause::= STORE
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■ ■ ■ ■ You may change the
Page 1022 and 1023:
datafile_tempfile_clauses::= ADD DR
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BEGIN BACKUP can be executed at any
Page 1026 and 1027:
invoker_rights_clause::= AUTHID ele
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alter_attribute_definition::= ADD M
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db_user_proxy::= db_user_proxy WITH
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validation_clauses::= VALIDATE REF
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EXAMPLE ARCHIVE LOG ALL ARCHIVE LOG
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using_statistics_type::= USING NULL
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auditing_by_clause::= BY , proxy ,
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BY user audits only SQL statements
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[EXCEPTION ... exception handling l
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CALL SEE ALSO EXECUTE, Chapter 44 F
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DESCRIPTION You can use CAST to con
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NLS_INITCAP(string[,'NLS_SORT=sort'
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DESCRIPTION CHR will return the cha
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CLUSTER_SET FORMAT CLUSTER_SET ( mi
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Format Result , Displays a comma. C
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COMPUTE (SQL*Plus) SEE ALSO BREAK,
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FORMAT constraint::= inline_constra
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index_properties::= global_partitio
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Function Name Definition DECOMPOSE
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EXAMPLE This example copies BOOKSHE
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FORMAT create_cluster::= CREATE CLU
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FORMAT create_controlfile::= CREATE
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database_logging_clauses::= LOGFILE
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MAXINSTANCES overrides the INSTANCE
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hierarchy_clause::= HIERARCHY hiera
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CREATE DISKGROUP creates a collecti
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streaming_clause::= ORDER CLUSTER c
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index_expr::= column column_express
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individual_hash_partitions::= ( PAR
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on_comp_partitioned_table::= STORE
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storage_table_clause::= WITH SYSTEM
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FORMAT create_materialized_view::=
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create_mv_refresh:= REFRESH NEVER R
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parallel_clause::= NOPARALLEL PARAL
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parallel_clause::= NOPARALLEL PARAL
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EXAMPLE create outline TEST for cat
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Java_declaration::= JAVA NAME strin
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COMPOSITE_LIMIT limits the total re
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create_sequence::= CREATE SEQUENCE
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object_table::= OF schema . ( objec
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physical_properties::= segment_attr
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Page 1112 and 1113:
LOB_compression_clause::= COMPRESS
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flashback_archive_clause::= FLASHBA
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ange_partitions::= PARTITION BY RAN
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composite_list_partitions::= PARTIT
Page 1120 and 1121:
list_subpartition_desc::= SUBPARTIT
Page 1122 and 1123:
using_index_clause::= USING INDEX i
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ The flashba
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tablespace_group_clause::= TABLESPA
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dml_event_clause::= ON DELETE INSER
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sqlj_object_type::= EXTERNAL NAME j
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call_spec::= LANGUAGE Java_declarat
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function_declaration::= FUNCTION na
Page 1136 and 1137:
You can put a QUOTA on either of th
Page 1138 and 1139:
You can create object views to supe
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DESCRIPTION You can specify a curso
Page 1142 and 1143:
DATE FORMATS 1111 DATE DATE is a st
Page 1144 and 1145:
DESCRIPTION This is an alphabetical
Page 1146 and 1147:
to this cursor. SELECT command is a
Page 1148 and 1149:
DECOMPOSE SEE ALSO CONVERSION FUNCT
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partition_extension_clause::= PARTI
Page 1152 and 1153:
( ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ] [NUL
Page 1154 and 1155:
EXIT or QUIT will return you to you
Page 1156 and 1157:
DROP FLASHBACK ARCHIVE SEE ALSO ALT
Page 1158 and 1159:
DROP OUTLINE SEE ALSO CREATE OUTLIN
Page 1160 and 1161:
DROP TABLE SEE ALSO ALTER TABLE, CR
Page 1162 and 1163:
EXAMPLE The following shows how cha
Page 1164 and 1165:
The system-raised exception flags a
Page 1166 and 1167:
EXECUTE 1135 If an exception flag i
Page 1168 and 1169:
EXISTS SEE ALSO ALL, ANY, IN, NOT E
Page 1170 and 1171:
DESCRIPTION EXTRACT extracts and re
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DESCRIPTION This function is for us
Page 1174 and 1175:
fully_qualified_file_name::= + disk
Page 1176 and 1177:
SHUTDOWN DATABASE; STARTUP MOUNT EX
Page 1178 and 1179:
FORMAT FROM_TZ ( timestamp_value ,
Page 1180 and 1181:
DESCRIPTION The first form of GRANT
Page 1182 and 1183:
GROUPING_ID GROUPING_ID returns a n
Page 1184 and 1185:
INDEX-ORGANIZED TABLE An index-orga
Page 1186 and 1187:
INPUT (SQL*Plus) SEE ALSO APPEND, C
Page 1188 and 1189:
conditional_insert_clause::= ALL FI
Page 1190 and 1191:
DESCRIPTION INSERTXMLBEFORE inserts
Page 1192 and 1193:
DESCRIPTION Use the IS [NOT] EMPTY
Page 1194 and 1195:
FORMAT LAG ( value_expr [, offset]
Page 1196 and 1197:
EXAMPLES Feature LIKE 'MO%' "Featur
Page 1198 and 1199:
partition_extension_clause::= PARTI
Page 1200 and 1201:
LONG RAW DATATYPE A LONG RAW column
Page 1202 and 1203:
FORMAT merge::= MERGE USING hint su
Page 1204 and 1205:
produced for the MINUS to reject th
Page 1206 and 1207:
NLS_CHARSET_ID SEE ALSO NLS_CHARSET
Page 1208 and 1209:
auditing_on_clause::= ON schema . o
Page 1210 and 1211:
where Name = NULL is not a valid WH
Page 1212 and 1213:
Function Definition FLOOR(value) La
Page 1214 and 1215:
FORMAT OPEN cursor [(parameter[,par
Page 1216 and 1217:
ORDER BY follows any other clauses
Page 1218 and 1219:
PERCENT_RANK SEE ALSO AGGREGATE FUN
Page 1220 and 1221:
Operator Function : Prefix for a ho
Page 1222 and 1223:
FORMAT PREDICTION_COST ( cost_matri
Page 1224 and 1225:
mining_attribute_clause::= USING *
Page 1226 and 1227:
Privilege Permission to… PRIVILEG
Page 1228 and 1229:
Privilege Permission to… ALTER AN
Page 1230 and 1231:
Privilege Permission to… CREATE P
Page 1232 and 1233:
Privilege Permission to… FORCE AN
Page 1234 and 1235:
DELETE Used to delete members from
Page 1236 and 1237:
QUERY OPERATORS The following is an
Page 1238 and 1239:
RAWTONHEX SEE ALSO RAWTOHEX FORMAT
Page 1240 and 1241:
REF SEE ALSO Chapter 41 FORMAT REF
Page 1242 and 1243:
DESCRIPTION REGEXP_LIKE extends the
Page 1244 and 1245:
RENAME SEE ALSO COPY, CREATE SEQUEN
Page 1246 and 1247:
RESERVED WORDS SEE ALSO OBJECT NAME
Page 1248 and 1249:
Begins With: Keywords R RAISE, RANG
Page 1250 and 1251:
With SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK goes to a
Page 1252 and 1253:
ROW_NUMBER SEE ALSO ROWNUM FORMAT R
Page 1254 and 1255:
The APPEND option adds this file to
Page 1256 and 1257:
query_block::= SELECT FROM hint tab
Page 1258 and 1259:
pivot_in_clause::= IN ( unpivot_cla
Page 1260 and 1261:
outer_join_type::= FULL LEFT RIGHT
Page 1262 and 1263:
model_column::= expr AS model_rules
Page 1264 and 1265:
that table has a table name prefix.
Page 1266 and 1267:
SELECT … INTO SEE ALSO %ROWTYPE,
Page 1268 and 1269:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Page 1270 and 1271:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Page 1272 and 1273:
other users will affect the transac
Page 1274 and 1275:
FORMAT SINH(value) DESCRIPTION SINH
Page 1276 and 1277:
Userid Username and password for th
Page 1278 and 1279:
infile_clause INFILE * input_filena
Page 1280 and 1281:
field_condition delim_spec ( full_f
Page 1282 and 1283:
filler_fld_spec FILLER BOUNDFILLER
Page 1284 and 1285:
datatype_spec_cont DATE CHAR ( leng
Page 1286 and 1287:
GEORGE/MISTY /NOLOG makes SQL*Plus
Page 1288 and 1289:
STATS_CROSSTAB FORMAT STATS_CROSSTA
Page 1290 and 1291:
STATS_T_TEST_* FUNCTIONS FORMAT sta
Page 1292 and 1293:
FORMAT storage_clause::= STORAGE (
Page 1294 and 1295:
■ ■ ■ In an UPDATE or CREATE
Page 1296 and 1297:
FORMAT SYS_DBURIGEN ( { column | at
Page 1298 and 1299:
DESCRIPTION A TABLE declaration dec
Page 1300 and 1301:
DESCRIPTION The TO_CHAR (character)
Page 1302 and 1303:
TO_NCHAR (datetime) SEE ALSO CONVER
Page 1304 and 1305:
TRANSLATE … USING SEE ALSO CONVER
Page 1306 and 1307:
TRUNCATE TABLE SEE ALSO CREATE TABL
Page 1308 and 1309:
DESCRIPTION UNDEFINE deletes the de
Page 1310 and 1311:
■ ■ ■ SQL%ISOPEN is irrelevan
Page 1312 and 1313:
DESCRIPTION UPDATE changes the valu
Page 1314 and 1315:
VAR (Embedded SQL) SEE ALSO SELECT
Page 1316 and 1317:
FORMAT EXEC SQL WHENEVER {NOT FOUND
Page 1318 and 1319:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ A compa
Page 1320 and 1321:
DESCRIPTION The XMLDiff function is
Page 1322 and 1323:
expression is evaluated and the res
Page 1324 and 1325:
XMLnamespaces_clause::= XMLNAMESPAC
Page 1326 and 1327:
Symbols ! (exclamation mark), 903 !
Page 1328 and 1329:
enable/disable clauses, 567 referen
Page 1330 and 1331:
BIND_VARIABLE function, DBMS_SQL, 5
Page 1332 and 1333:
set headsep (heading separator), 97
Page 1334 and 1335:
LOBs (large objects), 641-642 namin
Page 1336 and 1337:
Java, 686 logical standby databases
Page 1338 and 1339:
segments, 757-758 sequences, 738 sp
Page 1340 and 1341:
F failover, transparent application
Page 1342 and 1343:
if Java, 688 nesting, 519-520 PL/SQ
Page 1344 and 1345:
less than (
Page 1346 and 1347:
SORT UNIQUE NOSORT operation, 795 M
Page 1348 and 1349:
object types. See object types obje
Page 1350 and 1351:
partitions, 324-330 alter table com
Page 1352 and 1353:
RDBMS (relational database manageme
Page 1354 and 1355:
ROUND dates and, 183-184, 1220 numb
Page 1356 and 1357:
SQL Performance Analyzer, 771 SQL r
Page 1358 and 1359:
TO_DATE function for converting cha
Page 1360 and 1361:
TANH reference for, 1267 trigonomet
Page 1362 and 1363:
U UID, 1276 unary operator (++), Ja
Page 1364 and 1365:
VARIANCE NULLs in group-value funct
Page 1366 and 1367:
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