Oracle Database 11g The Complete Reference (Osborne ORACLE ...

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Chapter 2: Installing Oracle Database 11g and Creating a Database 13 Familiarity with a couple of key Web sites is a must. Oracle Technology Network (OTN), at http://otn.oracle.com, has a wealth of information, including white papers, free tools, sample code, and the online version of Oracle Magazine. There is no charge for using OTN, other than registering on the site. You can download the latest version of the Oracle software from the OTN site. Purchasing a license for Oracle database software is a good start, but an Oracle support contract with Web support may be the key to a successful installation and deployment. Using Oracle’s Metalink (http://metalink.oracle.com) means you might never have to leave the friendly confines of your Web browser to keep your database up and running. Through Metalink, you can submit a support request, search through other support requests, download patches, download white papers, and search the bug database. Overview of Licensing and Installation Options A successful initial software installation is the first step. Regardless of the software and hardware platform on which you’re installing Oracle, the types of installations you can perform are the same. Although these may change with product releases, they generally include the following: ■ ■ ■ Enterprise Edition This is the most feature rich and extensible version of the Oracle database. It includes features such as Flashback Database and allows you to add additional pieces of licensed functionality, such as Oracle Spatial, Oracle OLAP, Oracle Label Security, and Oracle Data Mining. Standard Edition This edition provides a good subset of the features of the Enterprise Edition, generally including the features that a small business will need. Personal Edition This edition allows for development of applications that will run on either the Standard or Enterprise Edition. This edition cannot be used in a production environment. Licensing for the Oracle database is only by named user or CPU, and there is no longer a concurrent user licensing option. Therefore, the DBA should use the initialization parameter LICENSE_MAX_USERS to specify the maximum number of users that can be created in the database. In addition, the Oracle Management Server (the back end for an Oracle Enterprise Manager, or OEM, client) can be installed during a server- or client-side installation. However, it is recommended that this installation be performed after a basic database installation has been completed. Using OUI to Install the Oracle Software Use the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) to install and manage all Oracle components for both the server-side and client-side components. You can also deinstall any Oracle products from the initial OUI screens. During the server installation, you will choose the version of Oracle Database 11g from the list in the previous section: Enterprise Edition, Standard Edition, or one of the other options available for your platform. It is strongly recommended that you create a starter database when prompted during the install. Creating the starter database is a good way to make sure the server environment is set up correctly, as well as to review any new features of Oracle Database 11g. The starter database may also be a good candidate as a repository for either OEM or Recovery Manager.
14 Part I: Critical Database Concepts The exact flow of the installation process may change depending on your operating environment and Oracle version. At the conclusion of the Oracle software installation, the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) will launch and will begin the process of creating a new database for use on your server. NOTE For UNIX environments, you will need to set a proper value for the DISPLAY environment variable and enable xhost prior to starting OUI via the runInstaller script. When you launch the OUI, you will be asked to provide information about your configuration choices. As shown in Figure 2-1, the first screen will ask for the base location for the Oracle software, the home location for the database, and the type of installation. You can also choose to have a starter database created following the successful Oracle software installation. For the database, you will need to specify its name and a password. FIGURE 2-1 OUI initial screen
Page 2 and 3: ® Oracle Database 11g : The Comple
Page 4 and 5: ® Oracle Database 11g : The Comple
Page 6 and 7: This book is dedicated to my family
Page 8 and 9: Contents at a Glance PART I Critica
Page 10 and 11: Hitchhiker’s Guides Contents at a
Page 12 and 13: Contents Acknowledgments . . . . .
Page 14 and 15: Contents xiii 6 Basic SQL*Plus Repo
Page 16 and 17: Dates in where Clauses . . . . . .
Page 18 and 19: Contents xvii Creating Invisible In
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Page 24 and 25: Contents xxiii Using INSTEAD OF Tri
Page 26 and 27: Contents xxv Database Links and Mat
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Page 30 and 31: M Acknowledgments any people played
Page 32 and 33: PART I Critical Database Concepts
Page 34 and 35: CHAPTER 1 Oracle Database 11g Archi
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PART II SQL and SQL*Plus
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CHAPTER 5 The Basic Parts of Speech
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Chapter 5: The Basic Parts of Speec
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Business E 1 Weather C 2 Television
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select Feature, Section, Page from
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SAN FRANCISCO 23-SEP-03 .1 SAN FRAN
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select Feature, Section, Page from
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PARIS FRANCE SHENYANG CHINA ROME IT
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SYDNEY 151.13 E 33.52 S SPARTA 22.2
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CHAPTER 6 Basic SQL*Plus Reports an
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Command Definition TABLE 6-1 Basic
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Chapter 6: Basic SQL*Plus Reports a
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2 3 Chapter 6: Basic SQL*Plus Repor
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9 Chapter 6: Basic SQL*Plus Reports
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11 Chapter 6: Basic SQL*Plus Report
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list del 1 select Feature, Section,
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CHAPTER 7 Getting Text Information
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Chapter 7: Getting Text Information
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ATHENS.............................
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Psychologica Faded Issues Entropy W
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The fourth part simply assigns a co
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CHAPTER 8 Searching for Regular Exp
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Chapter 8: Searching for Regular Ex
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707-555-8900 312-555-1414 415-555-6
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CHAPTER 9 Playing the Numbers 155
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Chapter 9: Playing the Numbers 157
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NOTE AVG is not immune to missing d
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select City, SampleDate, GREATEST(M
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CITY SAMPLEDAT NOON ------------- -
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CHAPTER 10 Dates: Then, Now, and th
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select Current_Date from DUAL; CURR
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column LastDay heading "Last Day" s
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15-NOV-04 15-DEC-04 What will be th
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select SysDate AS Today, LAST_DAY(A
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Chapter 10: Dates: Then, Now, and t
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select TO_CHAR('17-MAR-08','Day') f
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HOLIDAY CELEBRATE -----------------
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create table X1 (tscol TIMESTAMP(5)
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CHAPTER 11 Conversion and Transform
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Function Name Definition Chapter 11
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select SUBSTR(948033515,1,5)||'-'||
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Chapter 11: Conversion and Transfor
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CHAPTER 12 Grouping Things Together
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select CategoryName, COUNT(*) from
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having Counter > 1 * ERROR at line
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select CategoryName, COUNT(*) AS Co
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Chapter 12: Grouping Things Togethe
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CHAPTER 13 When One Query Depends u
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Chapter 13: When One Query Depends
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LETTERS AND PAPERS FROM PRISON PREA
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TITLE -----------------------------
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GOOD DOG, CARL GOSPEL GOSPEL HARRY
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CHAPTER 14 Some Complex Possibiliti
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Chapter 14: Some Complex Possibilit
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OFFSPRING SEX COW BULL BIRTHDATE --
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CHAPTER 15 Changing Data: insert, u
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Chapter 15: Changing Data: insert,
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The one Midnight value met this con
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CHAPTER 16 DECODE and CASE: if, the
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Chapter 16: DECODE and CASE: if, th
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'FRED FULLER' 'DORAH TALBOT' ------
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CHAPTER 17 Creating and Managing Ta
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Chapter 17: Creating and Managing T
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CHAPTER 18 Partitioning 323
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(partition PART1 values less than (
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Chapter 18: Partitioning 327 Addtio
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); partition p0701 values less than
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CHAPTER 19 Basic Oracle Security 33
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Chapter 19: Basic Oracle Security 3
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NOTE You can specify account lock a
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grant CREATE SESSION, CREATE TABLE,
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NOTE Unless a synonym is used, the
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update LITTLECOMFORT set Noon = 88
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Users of the CLERK role will then b
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Grant succeeded. connect jed/hop Co
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PART III Beyond the Basics
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CHAPTER 20 Advanced Security— Vir
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Chapter 20: Advanced Security—Vir
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CHAPTER 21 Advanced Security: Trans
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Chapter 21: Advanced Security: Tran
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CHAPTER 22 Working with Tablespaces
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Chapter 22: Working with Tablespace
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CHAPTER 23 Using SQL*Loader to Load
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LOAD DATA INFILE 'bookshelf.dat' IN
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SQLLDR Keyword Description Chapter
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Chapter 23: Using SQL*Loader to Loa
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CHAPTER 24 Using Data Pump Export a
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Chapter 24: Using Data Pump Export
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Parameter Description Chapter 24: U
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CHAPTER 25 Accessing Remote Data 41
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Chapter 25: Accessing Remote Data 4
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select * from Practice.BOOKSHELF; C
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create or replace view RESTRICTED_B
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CHAPTER 26 Using Materialized Views
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Chapter 26: Using Materialized View
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In the third section, the refresh o
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start with SysDate next SysDate+7 a
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3. Generate recommendations. 4. Vie
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efresh force start with SysDate nex
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CHAPTER 27 Using Oracle Text for Te
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You can select the review text from
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Chapter 27: Using Oracle Text for T
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REM CONTAINS method for CONTEXT ind
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CHAPTER 28 Using External Tables 46
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select Title||'~'||AuthorName||'~'
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COUNT(*) ---------- 37 select COUNT
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Chapter 28: Using External Tables 4
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Publisher VARCHAR2(20), CategoryNam
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CHAPTER 29 Using Flashback Queries
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Chapter 29: Using Flashback Queries
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PL/SQL procedure successfully compl
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insert into BOOK_ORDER values ('INN
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Chapter 29: Using Flashback Queries
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CHAPTER 30 Flashback—Tables and D
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select * from RECYCLEBIN; Chapter 3
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31 rows updated. commit; Chapter 30
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desc V$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG Chapt
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CHAPTER 31 SQL Replay 501
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NOTE For best results during the re
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Chapter 31: SQL Replay 505 Starting
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Chapter 31: SQL Replay 507 The targ
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Chapter 31: SQL Replay 509 The sync
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PART IV PL/SQL
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CHAPTER 32 An Introduction to PL/SQ
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Chapter 32: An Introduction to PL/S
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insert into AREAS values (rad_val.r
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exit when rad_cursor%NOTFOUND; area
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Note that there is no line that say
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RADIUS AREA ---------- ---------- 5
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RADIUS AREA ---------- ---------- 3
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CHAPTER 33 Online Application Upgra
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Chapter 33: Online Application Upgr
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■ ■ Nested tables XMLtype Chapt
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CHAPTER 34 Triggers 549
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Chapter 34: Triggers 551 be process
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Chapter 34: Triggers 553 Clearly, t
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Chapter 34: Triggers 555 begin if I
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drop table BOOKSHELF_AUDIT_DUP; cre
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egin if TO_CHAR(SysDate,'DY') = 'SA
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Chapter 34: Triggers 561 Attribute
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Attribute Type Description Example
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Chapter 34: Triggers 565 This examp
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Chapter 34: Triggers 567 To enable
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CHAPTER 35 Procedures, Functions, a
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Chapter 35: Procedures, Functions,
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from BOOKSHELF_CHECKOUT where Name
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CHAPTER 36 Using Native Dynamic SQL
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Chapter 36: Using Native Dynamic SQ
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CHAPTER 37 PL/SQL Tuning 597
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Chapter 37: PL/SQL Tuning 599 3. Av
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10 Radius := radius+1; 11 Exit when
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Comment created. Table created. Com
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Chapter 37: PL/SQL Tuning 605 Use P
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iterations CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER :=
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PART V Object-Relational Databases
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CHAPTER 38 Implementing Object Type
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Chapter 38: Implementing Object Typ
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CHAPTER 39 Collectors (Nested Table
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Chapter 39: Collectors (Nested Tabl
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CHAPTER 40 Using Large Objects 639
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Chapter 40: Using Large Objects 641
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CHAPTER 41 Advanced Object- Oriente
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Chapter 41: Advanced Object-Oriente
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PART VI Java in Oracle
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CHAPTER 42 An Introduction to Java
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Chapter 42: An Introduction to Java
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int anotherCounter = ++aLoopCounter
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NOTE In Java, the arguments of a ca
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} statement Chapter 42: An Introduc
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public static double area (int rad)
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CHAPTER 43 JDBC Programming 699
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NOTE The following code is provided
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NOTE Production applications would
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} user = user.substring (0, slash_i
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Chapter 43: JDBC Programming 707 Fi
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CHAPTER 44 Java Stored Procedures 7
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} } Chapter 44: Java Stored Procedu
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Argument Description Chapter 44: Ja
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Chapter 44: Java Stored Procedures
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PART VII Hitchhiker’s Guides
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CHAPTER 45 The Hitchhiker’s Guide
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Chapter 45: The Hitchhiker’s Guid
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USER_STATS DURATION SKIP_CORRUPT MO
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INSTANCES CACHE BUFFER_POOL SINGLE_
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PCT_INCREASE MIN_EXTLEN STATUS CONT
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DEF_MAX_EXTENTS DEF_MAX_SIZE DEF_PC
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Chapter 45: The
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■ ■ ■ ■ Chapter 46: The Hit
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CHAPTER 47 SQL Result Cache and Cli
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Chapter 47: SQL Result Cache and Cl
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CHAPTER 48 Case Studies in Tuning 8
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Statistic Value Buffer busy waits 6
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Chapter 48: Case Studies in Tuning
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NOTE If you use indexes to index na
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CHAPTER 49 Advanced Architecture Op
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Chapter 49: Advanced Architecture O
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CHAPTER 50 Oracle Real Application
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Chapter 50: Oracle Real Application
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■ Chapter 51: The Hitchhiker’s
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* Permits zero or more occurrences
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Chapter 52: The Hitchhi
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CHILDREN FICTION CHILDRENNF CHILD
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eturns this data: Chapter 52: The H
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PART VIII Alphabetical Reference Co
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FORMAT generally follows the notati
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division or slash /* slash asterisk
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FORMAT select column from table whe
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Writer AUTHOR.AuthorName%TYPE; Coau
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DESCRIPTION SQL*Plus command contin
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prefixing their host language names
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produces this: This is the First Li
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ALIAS 915 FUNCTION NAME AND USE AVG
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FORMAT alter_cluster::= ALTER CLUST
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ecovery_clauses::= general_recovery
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create_datafile_clause::= CREATE DA
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supplemental_id_key_clause::= DATA
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commit_switchover_clause::= PREPARE
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After mounting a database, you OPEN
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attribute_clause::= ATTRIBUTE level
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disk_online_clause::= ONLINE ALL di
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drop_diskgroup_file_clause::= DROP
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DESCRIPTION Use the ALTER FUNCTION
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ebuild_clause::= REBUILD parallel_c
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split_index_partition::= SPLIT PART
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storage_table_clause::= WITH SYSTEM
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physical_attributes_clause::= PCTFR
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modify_LOB_parameters::= storage_cl
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alter_overflow_clause::= add_overfl
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new_values_clause::= INCLUDING EXCL
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drop_binding_clause::= DROP BINDING
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esource_parameters::= SESSIONS_PER_
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FORMAT alter_rollback_segment::= AL
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FORMAT alter_system::= ALTER SYSTEM
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shutdown_dispatcher_clause::= SHUTD
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alter_table_properties::= physical_
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allocate_extent_clause::= ALLOCATE
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segment_attributes_clause::= physic
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modify_col_substitutable::= COLUMN
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nested_table_col_properties::= NEST
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LOB_storage_parameters::= TABLESPAC
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LOB_compression_clause::= COMPRESS
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alter_external_table::= add_column_
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alter_interval_partitioning::= SET
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move_table_partition::= MOVE partit
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drop_table_partition::= DROP partit
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exceptions_clause::= EXCEPTIONS INT
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partitioning_storage_clause::= TABL
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index_subpartition_clause::= STORE
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■ ■ ■ ■ You may change the
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datafile_tempfile_clauses::= ADD DR
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BEGIN BACKUP can be executed at any
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invoker_rights_clause::= AUTHID ele
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alter_attribute_definition::= ADD M
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db_user_proxy::= db_user_proxy WITH
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validation_clauses::= VALIDATE REF
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EXAMPLE ARCHIVE LOG ALL ARCHIVE LOG
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using_statistics_type::= USING NULL
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auditing_by_clause::= BY , proxy ,
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BY user audits only SQL statements
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[EXCEPTION ... exception handling l
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CALL SEE ALSO EXECUTE, Chapter 44 F
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DESCRIPTION You can use CAST to con
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NLS_INITCAP(string[,'NLS_SORT=sort'
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DESCRIPTION CHR will return the cha
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CLUSTER_SET FORMAT CLUSTER_SET ( mi
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Format Result , Displays a comma. C
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COMPUTE (SQL*Plus) SEE ALSO BREAK,
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FORMAT constraint::= inline_constra
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index_properties::= global_partitio
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Function Name Definition DECOMPOSE
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EXAMPLE This example copies BOOKSHE
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FORMAT create_cluster::= CREATE CLU
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FORMAT create_controlfile::= CREATE
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database_logging_clauses::= LOGFILE
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MAXINSTANCES overrides the INSTANCE
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hierarchy_clause::= HIERARCHY hiera
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CREATE DISKGROUP creates a collecti
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streaming_clause::= ORDER CLUSTER c
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index_expr::= column column_express
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individual_hash_partitions::= ( PAR
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on_comp_partitioned_table::= STORE
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storage_table_clause::= WITH SYSTEM
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FORMAT create_materialized_view::=
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create_mv_refresh:= REFRESH NEVER R
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parallel_clause::= NOPARALLEL PARAL
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parallel_clause::= NOPARALLEL PARAL
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EXAMPLE create outline TEST for cat
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Java_declaration::= JAVA NAME strin
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COMPOSITE_LIMIT limits the total re
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create_sequence::= CREATE SEQUENCE
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object_table::= OF schema . ( objec
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physical_properties::= segment_attr
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LOB_compression_clause::= COMPRESS
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flashback_archive_clause::= FLASHBA
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ange_partitions::= PARTITION BY RAN
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composite_list_partitions::= PARTIT
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list_subpartition_desc::= SUBPARTIT
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using_index_clause::= USING INDEX i
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ The flashba
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tablespace_group_clause::= TABLESPA
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dml_event_clause::= ON DELETE INSER
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sqlj_object_type::= EXTERNAL NAME j
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call_spec::= LANGUAGE Java_declarat
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function_declaration::= FUNCTION na
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You can put a QUOTA on either of th
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You can create object views to supe
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DESCRIPTION You can specify a curso
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DATE FORMATS 1111 DATE DATE is a st
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DESCRIPTION This is an alphabetical
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to this cursor. SELECT command is a
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DECOMPOSE SEE ALSO CONVERSION FUNCT
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partition_extension_clause::= PARTI
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( ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ] [NUL
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EXIT or QUIT will return you to you
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DROP FLASHBACK ARCHIVE SEE ALSO ALT
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DROP OUTLINE SEE ALSO CREATE OUTLIN
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DROP TABLE SEE ALSO ALTER TABLE, CR
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EXAMPLE The following shows how cha
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The system-raised exception flags a
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EXECUTE 1135 If an exception flag i
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EXISTS SEE ALSO ALL, ANY, IN, NOT E
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DESCRIPTION EXTRACT extracts and re
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DESCRIPTION This function is for us
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fully_qualified_file_name::= + disk
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SHUTDOWN DATABASE; STARTUP MOUNT EX
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FORMAT FROM_TZ ( timestamp_value ,
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DESCRIPTION The first form of GRANT
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GROUPING_ID GROUPING_ID returns a n
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INDEX-ORGANIZED TABLE An index-orga
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INPUT (SQL*Plus) SEE ALSO APPEND, C
Page 1188 and 1189:
conditional_insert_clause::= ALL FI
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DESCRIPTION INSERTXMLBEFORE inserts
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DESCRIPTION Use the IS [NOT] EMPTY
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FORMAT LAG ( value_expr [, offset]
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EXAMPLES Feature LIKE 'MO%' "Featur
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partition_extension_clause::= PARTI
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LONG RAW DATATYPE A LONG RAW column
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FORMAT merge::= MERGE USING hint su
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produced for the MINUS to reject th
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NLS_CHARSET_ID SEE ALSO NLS_CHARSET
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auditing_on_clause::= ON schema . o
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where Name = NULL is not a valid WH
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Function Definition FLOOR(value) La
Page 1214 and 1215:
FORMAT OPEN cursor [(parameter[,par
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ORDER BY follows any other clauses
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PERCENT_RANK SEE ALSO AGGREGATE FUN
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Operator Function : Prefix for a ho
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FORMAT PREDICTION_COST ( cost_matri
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mining_attribute_clause::= USING *
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Privilege Permission to… PRIVILEG
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Privilege Permission to… ALTER AN
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Privilege Permission to… CREATE P
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Privilege Permission to… FORCE AN
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DELETE Used to delete members from
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QUERY OPERATORS The following is an
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RAWTONHEX SEE ALSO RAWTOHEX FORMAT
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REF SEE ALSO Chapter 41 FORMAT REF
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DESCRIPTION REGEXP_LIKE extends the
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RENAME SEE ALSO COPY, CREATE SEQUEN
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RESERVED WORDS SEE ALSO OBJECT NAME
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Begins With: Keywords R RAISE, RANG
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With SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK goes to a
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ROW_NUMBER SEE ALSO ROWNUM FORMAT R
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The APPEND option adds this file to
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query_block::= SELECT FROM hint tab
Page 1258 and 1259:
pivot_in_clause::= IN ( unpivot_cla
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outer_join_type::= FULL LEFT RIGHT
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model_column::= expr AS model_rules
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that table has a table name prefix.
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SELECT … INTO SEE ALSO %ROWTYPE,
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
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other users will affect the transac
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FORMAT SINH(value) DESCRIPTION SINH
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Userid Username and password for th
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infile_clause INFILE * input_filena
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field_condition delim_spec ( full_f
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filler_fld_spec FILLER BOUNDFILLER
Page 1284 and 1285:
datatype_spec_cont DATE CHAR ( leng
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GEORGE/MISTY /NOLOG makes SQL*Plus
Page 1288 and 1289:
STATS_CROSSTAB FORMAT STATS_CROSSTA
Page 1290 and 1291:
STATS_T_TEST_* FUNCTIONS FORMAT sta
Page 1292 and 1293:
FORMAT storage_clause::= STORAGE (
Page 1294 and 1295:
■ ■ ■ In an UPDATE or CREATE
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FORMAT SYS_DBURIGEN ( { column | at
Page 1298 and 1299:
DESCRIPTION A TABLE declaration dec
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DESCRIPTION The TO_CHAR (character)
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TO_NCHAR (datetime) SEE ALSO CONVER
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TRANSLATE … USING SEE ALSO CONVER
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TRUNCATE TABLE SEE ALSO CREATE TABL
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DESCRIPTION UNDEFINE deletes the de
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■ ■ ■ SQL%ISOPEN is irrelevan
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DESCRIPTION UPDATE changes the valu
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VAR (Embedded SQL) SEE ALSO SELECT
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FORMAT EXEC SQL WHENEVER {NOT FOUND
Page 1318 and 1319:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ A compa
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DESCRIPTION The XMLDiff function is
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expression is evaluated and the res
Page 1324 and 1325:
XMLnamespaces_clause::= XMLNAMESPAC
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Symbols ! (exclamation mark), 903 !
Page 1328 and 1329:
enable/disable clauses, 567 referen
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BIND_VARIABLE function, DBMS_SQL, 5
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set headsep (heading separator), 97
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LOBs (large objects), 641-642 namin
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Java, 686 logical standby databases
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segments, 757-758 sequences, 738 sp
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F failover, transparent application
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if Java, 688 nesting, 519-520 PL/SQ
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less than (
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SORT UNIQUE NOSORT operation, 795 M
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object types. See object types obje
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partitions, 324-330 alter table com
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RDBMS (relational database manageme
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ROUND dates and, 183-184, 1220 numb
Page 1356 and 1357:
SQL Performance Analyzer, 771 SQL r
Page 1358 and 1359:
TO_DATE function for converting cha
Page 1360 and 1361:
TANH reference for, 1267 trigonomet
Page 1362 and 1363:
U UID, 1276 unary operator (++), Ja
Page 1364 and 1365:
VARIANCE NULLs in group-value funct
Page 1366 and 1367:
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