The Syllable and the Foot : Summary - Speech Resource Pages

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Another example. Syllabify 'constrain' based on the maximum onset principle. Here we have to decide how to break up the medial consonantal cluster /nstr/. (i) Are there any words that begin with /r/? Yes, 'red', 'range' etc. (ii) Are there any words that begin with /tr/? Yes, 'train', 'try' etc. (iii) Are there any words that can begin with /str/? Yes, 'string', 'strike' etc. (iv) Are there any words that can begin with /nstr/? No. Therefore, syllabify the word as /kən.streɪn/, where the full stop marks the syllable boundary. It must be understood that syllable structure is required to satisfy the maximum onset principle only within the limits set by the syntactic, morphological and phonotactic constraints of the language. eg. “slowlane” vs. “folate” MOP syllabifies “slowlane” correctly but not “folate”. eg. “incline” vs. “inklike” MOP syllabifies “incline” correctly but not “inklike”. There are many unresolved issues relating to syllabification.
The Foot and Word Stress Word Stress Jonathan Harrington and Felicity Cox In almost all languages, there is a variation in the relative prominence of syllables. This prominence is a function of loudness, pitch, and duration and it is often the change in pitch along with the other factors that is most important. The prominence of syllables is referred to as stress. Different languages allow for different types of stress patterns. In English the stress pattern of words is fixed to the extent that we can't arbitrarily shift stress around without compromising meaning. The accent falls on the same syllable of the word whenever it occurs (excepting when affixes are added). However, stress placement is also free in that different words can have different stress patterns. This is in contrast to languages like Turkish which has stress on the final syllable of all root forms or Finnish where stress is always on the first syllable. In English, the main accent can be on the first syllable in "answer, sweater, finish, student, photograph", the second in "result, above, around, behind", the third in "understand, politician" or later in words like "articulation, rhoticisation, characteristic". Word stress and perception Strong syllables are generally more important for distinguishing between words. For example: Only 5 out of the 20 Australian English vowel phonemes (/ə, iː, ɪ, ʉː, əʉ/) can occur in weak syllables (see the topic "Broad Transcription of Australian English: Unstressed Syllables" for more information), and of these, schwa occurs with by far the greatest frequency. Therefore, the extent to which unstressed syllables distinguish meaning is considerably reduced compared with stressed syllables. Compatibly, there is psycholinguistic evidence to show that listeners are much more attuned to/aware of strong syllables (presumably because they are so much more important for understanding what is being said). Evidence: In reaction time experiments, listeners' responses are much faster to strong syllables.
Page 1 and 2: The Syllable and the Foot Topics Th
Page 3 and 4: • Sonority or prominence: this is
Page 5 and 6: get a good idea of what types of sy
Page 7 and 8: The Rhyme The rhyme is the vowel pl
Page 9 and 10: The Syllable and Phonotactic Constr
Page 11 and 12: If they conform to the sonority pro
Page 13 and 14: Finally, there are far fewer restri
Page 15: eg. /stremp/ in English is an accid
Page 19 and 20: Building Feet into Words English Wo
Page 21 and 22: The foot is analogous to the bar in
Page 23 and 24: These (H) are non-final heavy rhyme
Page 25 and 26: (3) Associate any weak syllables wi
Page 27 and 28: The Foot and Word Stress Robert Man
Page 29: The Syllable and the Foot : Summary

The Syllable and the Foot : Summary - Speech Resource Pages

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?