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Acoustics & Sonar Engineering 

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with instructors who love to teach! We are constantly adding new topics to our 

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2 – Vol. 109 Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805

Space & Satellite Systems 

Advanced Satellite Communications System 

Jan 31-Feb 2, 2012 • Cocoa Beach, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 

Attitude Determination & Control 

Nov 7-10, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

Mar 5-8, 2012 • Chantilly, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

Communications Payload Design NEW! 


Earth Station Design NEW! 

Nov 8-11, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

Apr 2-5, 2012 • Colorado Springs, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

Effective Design Review NEW! 

Nov 1-2, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

Ground Systems Design & Operation 

Jan 23-25, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 

Hyperspectral & Multispectral Imaging 

Mar 6-8, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 

IP Networking over Satellite 

Nov 15-17, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 

Orbital Mechanics: Ideas & Insights 

Jan 9-12, 2012 • Cape Canaveral, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 


Satellite Communication Systems Engineering 

Dec 6-8, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 

Mar 13-15, 2012 • Boulder, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 

Satellite Communications - An Essential Introduction 

Nov 30-Dec 2, 2011 • Laurel, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 

Apr 17-19, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 

Satellite RF Communications & Onboard Processing 


Space Environment - Implications on Spacecraft Design 

Jan 31-Feb 1, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

Space Mission Structures NEW! 

Nov 14-17, 2011 • Littleton, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

Spacecraft Quality Assurance, Integration & Testing 


Mar 21-22, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 

Spacecraft Systems Integration & Testing 


Jan 23-26, 2012 • Albuquerque, New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 

Systems Engineering & Project Management 

Agile Development NEW! 

Jan 24-25, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 

Applied Systems Engineering 

Nov 2-5, 2011 • Albuquerque, New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 

Apr 9-12, 2012 • Orlando, Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 

Architecting with DODAF NEW! 


Jun 4-5, 2012 • Denver, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 

Cost Estimating NEW! 

Feb 22-23, 2012 • Albuquerque, New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 

CSEP Preparation 

Oct 14-15, 2011 • Albuquerque, New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

Feb 10-11, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

Apr 13-14, 2012 • Orlando, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

Fundamentals of Systems Engineering 

Dec 5-6, 2011 • Orlando, Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 

Feb 14-15, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 

Modeling and Simulation of Systems of Systems NEW! 


Principles of Test & Evaluation 


Quantitative Methods NEW! 


Risk & Opportunities Management NEW! 

Feb 7-9, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 

Systems Engineering - Requirements NEW! 



Systems of Systems 

Dec 7-9, 2011 • Orlando, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 

Technical CONOPS & Concepts Master's Course NEW! 

Oct 11-13, 2011 • Virginia Beach, Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 

Nov 15-17, 2011 • Virginia Beach, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 

Dec 13-15, 2011 • Virginia Beach, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 

Test Design & Analysis 

Oct 31-Nov 2, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 

Table of Contents 

Total Systems Engineering Development 

Jan 30-Feb 2, 2012 • Chantilly, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 

Feb 28- Mar 2, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 

Defense, Missiles, & Radar 

Advanced Developments in Radar Technology NEW! 

Feb 28-Mar 1, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 

Combat Systems Engineering UPDATED! 


Cyber Warfare – Theory & Fundamentals NEW! 

Dec 14-15, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 

Explosives Technology and Modeling 

Dec 12-15, 2011 • Albuquerque, New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 

Fundamentals of Rockets & Missiles 

Jan 31-Feb 2, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 

Mar 6-8, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 

GPS and Other Radionavigation Satellites 

Oct 24-27, 2011 • Albuquerque, New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 

Jan 30-Feb 2, 2012 • Cape Canaveral, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 


Integrated Navigation Systems 

Jan 23-26, 2012 • Cape Canaveral, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 

Feb 27-Mar 1, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 

Missile System Design 

Mar 26-28, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 

Modern Missile Analysis 

Oct 24-27, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 

Multi-Target Tracking & Multi-Sensor Data Fusion 

Jan 31 - Feb 2, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 

Solid Rocket Motor Design & Applications 

Nov 1-3, 2011 • Huntsville, Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 

Space Mission Analysis & Design 

Oct 18-20, 2011 • Huntsville, Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 

Feb 7-9, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 

Synthetic Aperture Radar - Fundamentals 


Feb 7-8, 2012 • Albuquerque, New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 

Synthetic Aperture Radar - Advanced 


Feb 9-10, 2012 • Albuquerque, New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 

Tactical Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR) NEW! 

Nov 15-17, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 

Unmanned Aircraft Systems & Applications NEW! 

Nov 8, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 

Feb 28, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 

Engineering & Communications 

Antenna & Array Fundamentals 

Nov 15-17, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 


Computational Electromagnetics NEW! 


Designing Wireless Systems for EMC NEW! 


Digital Signal Processing System Design 


Grounding & Shielding for EMC 

Jan 31-Feb 2, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 

May 1-3, 2012 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 

Instrumentation for Test & Measurement NEW! 



Introduction to EMI/EMC 

Nov 15-17, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 

Optical Communications Systems 

Jan 23-24, 2012 • San Diego, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 

Practical Statistical Signal Processing Using MATLAB 

Jan 9-12, 2012 • Laurel, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 

Signal & Image Processing & Analysis for Scientists & Engineers NEW! 

Dec 13-15, 2011 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 

Wavelets: A Conceptual, Practical Approach 

Feb 28-Mar 1, 2012 • San Diego, California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 

Wireless Sensor Networking NEW! 


Security / Networking NEW! 

Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 

Topics for On-site Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 

Popular “On-site” Topics & Ways to Register. . . . . . . . . . 64 

Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805 Vol. 109 – 3

Advanced Satellite Communications Systems: 

Survey of Current and Emerging Digital Systems 

January 31 - February 2, 2012 

Cocoa Beach, Florida 

$1690 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 

"Register 3 or More & Receive $100 00 each 

Off The Course Tuition." 

Summary 

This three-day course covers all the technology 

of advanced satellite communications as well as the 

principles behind current state-of-the-art satellite 

communications equipment. New and promising 

technologies will be covered to develop an 

understanding of the major approaches. Network 

topologies, VSAT, and IP networking over satellite. 

Instructor 

Dr. John Roach is a leading authority in satellite 

communications with 35+ years in the SATCOM 

industry. He has worked on many development 

projects both as employee and consultant / 

contractor. His experience has focused on the 

systems engineering of state-of-the-art system 

developments, military and commercial, from the 

worldwide architectural level to detailed terminal 

tradeoffs and designs. He has been an adjunct 

faculty member at Florida Institute of Technology 

where he taught a range of graduate communications 

courses. He has also taught SATCOM 

short courses all over the US and in London and 

Toronto, both publicly and in-house for both 

government and commercial organizations. In 

addition, he has been an expert witness in patent, 

trade secret, and government contracting cases. Dr. 

Roach has a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from 

Georgia Tech. Advanced Satellite Communications 

Systems: Survey of Current and Emerging Digital 

Systems. 

What You Will Learn 

• Major Characteristics of satellites. 

• Characteristics of satellite networks. 

• The tradeoffs between major alternatives in 

SATCOM system design. 

• SATCOM system tradeoffs and link budget 

analysis. 

• DAMA/BoD for FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA 

systems. 

• Critical RF parameters in terminal equipment and 

their effects on performance. 

• Technical details of digital receivers. 

• Tradeoffs among different FEC coding choices. 

• Use of spread spectrum for Comm-on-the-Move. 

• Characteristics of IP traffic over satellite. 

• Overview of bandwidth efficient modulation types. 

Course Outline 

1. Introduction to SATCOM. History and 

overview. Examples of current military and 

commercial systems. 

2. Satellite orbits and transponder 

characteristics. 

3. Traffic Connectivities: Mesh, Hub-Spoke, 

Point-to-Point, Broadcast. 

4. Multiple Access Techniques: FDMA, TDMA, 

CDMA, Random Access. DAMA and Bandwidth-on- 

Demand. 

5. Communications Link Calculations. 

Definition of EIRP, G/T, Eb/No. Noise Temperature 

and Figure. Transponder gain and SFD. Link 

Budget Calculations. 

6. Digital Modulation Techniques. BPSK, 

QPSK. Standard pulse formats and bandwidth. 

Nyquist signal shaping. Ideal BER performance. 

7. PSK Receiver Design Techniques. Carrier 

recovery, phase slips, ambiguity resolution, 

differential coding. Optimum data detection, clock 

recovery, bit count integrity. 

8. Overview of Error Correction Coding, 

Encryption, and Frame Synchronization. 

Standard FEC types. Coding Gain. 

9. RF Components. HPA, SSPA, LNA, Up/down 

converters. Intermodulation, band limiting, oscillator 

phase noise. Examples of BER Degradation. 

10. TDMA Networks. Time Slots. Preambles. 

Suitability for DAMA and BoD. 

11. Characteristics of IP and TCP/UDP over 

satellite. Unicast and Multicast. Need for 

Performance Enhancing Proxy (PEP) techniques. 

12. VSAT Networks and their system 

characteristics; DVB standards and MF-TDMA. 

13. Earth Station Antenna types. Pointing / 

Tracking. Small antennas at Ku band. FCC - Intelsat 

- ITU antenna requirements and EIRP density 

limitations. 

14. Spread Spectrum Techniques. Military use 

and commercial PSD spreading with DS PN 

systems. Acquisition and tracking. Frequency Hop 

systems. 

15. Overview of Bandwidth Efficient 

Modulation (BEM) Techniques. M-ary PSK, Trellis 

Coded 8PSK, QAM. 

16. Convolutional coding and Viterbi 

decoding. Concatenated coding. Turbo & LDPC 

coding. 

17. Emerging Technology Developments and 

Future Trends. 


Attitude Determination and Control 

Summary 

This four-day course provides a detailed 

introduction to spacecraft attitude estimation and 

control. This course emphasizes many practical 

aspects of attitude control system design but with a 

solid theoretical foundation. The principles of operation 

and characteristics of attitude sensors and actuators 

are discussed. Spacecraft kinematics and dynamics 

are developed for use in control design and system 

simulation. Attitude determination methods are 

discussed in detail, including TRIAD, QUEST, Kalman 

filters. Sensor alignment and calibration is also 

covered. Environmental factors that affect pointing 

accuracy and attitude dynamics are presented. 

Pointing accuracy, stability (smear), and jitter 

definitions and analysis methods are presented. The 

various types of spacecraft pointing controllers and 

design, and analysis methods are presented. Students 

should have an engineering background including 

calculus and linear algebra. Sufficient background 

mathematics are presented in the course but is kept to 

the minimum necessary. 

Instructor 

Dr. Mark E. Pittelkau is an independent consultant. He 

was previously with the Applied Physics Laboratory, 

Orbital Sciences Corporation, CTA Space Systems, 

and Swales Aerospace. His early career at the Naval 

Surface Warfare Center involved target tracking, gun 

pointing control, and gun system calibration, and he 

has recently worked in target track fusion. His 

experience in satellite systems covers all phases of 

design and operation, including conceptual desig, 

implemen-tation, and testing of attitude control 

systems, attitude and orbit determination, and attitude 

sensor alignment and calibration, control-structure 

interaction analysis, stability and jitter analysis, and 

post-launch support. His current interests are precision 

attitude determination, attitude sensor calibration, orbit 

determination, and formation flying. Dr. Pittelkau 

earned the Bachelor's and Ph. D. degrees in Electrical 

Engineering at Tennessee Technological University 

and the Master's degree in EE at Virginia Polytechnic 

Institute and State University. 


• Characteristics and principles of operation of attitude 

sensors and actuators. 

• Kinematics and dynamics. 

• Principles of time and coordinate systems. 

• Attitude determination methods, algorithms, and 

limits of performance; 

• Pointing accuracy, stability (smear), and jitter 

definitions and analysis methods. 

• Various types of pointing control systems and 

hardware necessary to meet particular control 

objectives. 

• Back-of-the envelope design techniques. 

November 7-10, 2011 

Columbia, Maryland 

March 5-8, 2012 

Chantilly, Virginia 

$1890 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 



Recent attendee comments ... 

“Very thorough!” 

“Relevant and comprehensive.” 


1. Kinematics. Vectors, direction-cosine matrices, 

Euler angles, quaternions, frame transformations, and 

rotating frames. Conversion between attitude 

representations. 

2. Dynamics. Rigid-body rotational dynamics, 

Euler's equation. Slosh dynamics. Spinning spacecraft 

with long wire booms. 

3. Sensors. Sun sensors, Earth Horizon sensors, 

Magnetometers, Gyros, Allan Variance & Green 

Charts, Angular Displacement sensors, Star Trackers. 

Principles of operation and error modeling. 

4. Actuators. Reaction and momentum wheels, 

dynamic and static imbalance, wheel configurations, 

magnetic torque rods, reaction control jets. Principles 

of operation and modeling. 

5. Environmental Disturbance Torques. 

Aerodynamic, solar pressure, gravity-gradient, 

magnetic dipole torque, dust impacts, and internal 

disturbances. 

6. Pointing Error Metrics. Accuracy, Stability 

(Smear), and Jitter. Definitions and methods of design 

and analysis for specification and verification of 

requirements. 

7. Attitude Control. B-dot and H X B rate damping 

laws. Gravity-gradient, spin stabilization, and 

momentum bias control. Three-axis zero-momentum 

control. Controller design and stability. Back-of-the 

envelope equations for actuator sizing and controller 

design. Flexible-body modeling, control-structure 

interaction, structural-mode (flex-mode) filters, and 

control of flexible structures. Verification and 

Validation, and Polarity and Phase testing. 

8. Attitude Determination. TRIAD and QUEST 

algorithms. Introduction to Kalman filtering. Potential 

problems and reliable solutions in Kalman filtering. 

Attitude determination using the Kalman filter. 

Calibration of attitude sensors and gyros. 

9. Coordinate Systems and Time. J2000 and 

ICRF inertial reference frames. Earth Orientation, 

WGS-84, geodetic, geographic coordinates. Time 

systems. Conversion between time scales. Standard 

epochs. Spacecraft time and timing. 


Communications Payload Design and Satellite System Architecture 

NEW! 

November 15-17, 2011 


$1690 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 



Summary 

This three-day course provides communications and 

satellite systems engineers and system architects with a 

comprehensive and accurate approach for the 

specification and detailed design of the communications 

payload and its integration into a satellite system. Both 

standard bent pipe repeaters and digital processors (on 

board and ground-based) are studied in depth, and 

optimized from the standpoint of maximizing throughput 

and coverage (single footprint and multi-beam). 

Applications in Fixed Satellite Service (C, X, Ku and Ka 

bands) and Mobile Satellite Service (L and S bands) are 

addressed as are the requirements of the associated 

ground segment for satellite control and the provision of 

services to end users. 

Instructor 

Bruce R. Elbert (MSEE, MBA) is an independent 

consultant and Adjunct Prof of 

Engineering, Univ of Wisc, Madison. 

He is a recognized satellite 

communications expert with 40 years of 

experience in satellite communications 

payload and systems design engineering 

beginning at COMSAT Laboratories and 

including 25 years with Hughes 

Electronics. He has contributed to the design and 

construction of major communications, including Intelsat, 

Inmarsat, Galaxy, Thuraya, DIRECTV and Palapa A. 

He has written eight books, including: The Satellite 

Communication Applications Handbook, Second Edition, 

The Satellite Communication Ground Segment and Earth 

Station Handbook, and Introduction to Satellite 

Communication, Third Edition. 


• How to transform system and service requirements into 

payload specifications and design elements. 

• What are the specific characteristics of payload 

components, such as antennas, LNAs, microwave filters, 

channel and power amplifiers, and power combiners. 

• What space and ground architecture to employ when 

evaluating on-board processing and multiple beam 

antennas, and how these may be configured for optimum 

end-to-end performance. 

• How to understand the overall system architecture and the 

capabilities of ground segment elements - hubs and remote 

terminals - to integrate with the payload, constellation and 

end-to-end system. 

• From this course you will obtain the knowledge, skill and 

ability to configure a communications payload based on its 

service requirements and technical features. You will 

understand the engineering processes and device 

characteristics that determine how the payload is put 

together and operates in a state - of - the - art 

telecommunications system to meet user needs. 


1. Communications Payloads and Service 

Requirements. Bandwidth, coverage, services and 

applications; RF link characteristics and appropriate use of link 

budgets; bent pipe payloads using passive and active 

components; specific demands for broadband data, IP over 

satellite, mobile communications and service availability; 

principles for using digital processing in system architecture, 

and on-board processor examples at L band (non-GEO and 

GEO) and Ka band. 

2. Systems Engineering to Meet Service 

Requirements. Transmission engineering of the satellite link 

and payload (modulation and FEC, standards such as DVB-S2 

and Adaptive Coding and Modulation, ATM and IP routing in 

space); optimizing link and payload design through 

consideration of traffic distribution and dynamics, link margin, 

RF interference and frequency coordination requirements. 

3. Bent-pipe Repeater Design. Example of a detailed 

block and level diagram, design for low noise amplification, 

down-conversion design, IMUX and band-pass filtering, group 

delay and gain slope, AGC and linearizaton, power 

amplification (SSPA and TWTA, linearization and parallel 

combining), OMUX and design for high power/multipactor, 

redundancy switching and reliability assessment. 

4. Spacecraft Antenna Design and Performance. Fixed 

reflector systems (offset parabola, Gregorian, Cassegrain) 

feeds and feed systems, movable and reconfigurable 

antennas; shaped reflectors; linear and circular polarization. 

5. Communications Payload Performance Budgeting. 

Gain to Noise Temperature Ratio (G/T), Saturation Flux 

Density (SFD), and Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP); 

repeater gain/loss budgeting; frequency stability and phase 

noise; third-order intercept (3ICP), gain flatness, group delay; 

non-linear phase shift (AM/PM); out of band rejection and 

amplitude non-linearity (C3IM and NPR). 

6. On-board Digital Processor Technology. A/D and D/A 

conversion, digital signal processing for typical channels and 

formats (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA); demodulation and 

remodulation, multiplexing and packet switching; static and 

dynamic beam forming; design requirements and service 

impacts. 

7. Multi-beam Antennas. Fixed multi-beam antennas 

using multiple feeds, feed layout and isloation; phased array 

approaches using reflectors and direct radiating arrays; onboard 

versus ground-based beamforming. 

8. RF Interference and Spectrum Management 

Considerations. Unraveling the FCC and ITU international 

regulatory and coordination process; choosing frequency 

bands that address service needs; development of regulatory 

and frequency coordination strategy based on successful case 

studies. 

9. Ground Segment Selection and Optimization. 

Overall architecture of the ground segment: satellite TT&C and 

communications services; earth station and user terminal 

capabilities and specifications (fixed and mobile); modems and 

baseband systems; selection of appropriate antenna based on 

link requirements and end-user/platform considerations. 

10. Earth station and User Terminal Tradeoffs: RF 

tradeoffs (RF power, EIRP, G/T); network design for provision 

of service (star, mesh and hybrid networks); portability and 

mobility. 

11. Performance and Capacity Assessment. 

Determining capacity requirements in terms of bandwidth, 

power and network operation; selection of the air interface 

(multiple access, modulation and coding); interfaces with 

satellite and ground segment; relationship to available 

standards in current use and under development . 

12. Satellite System Verification Methodology. 

Verification engineering for the payload and ground segment; 

where and how to review sources of available technology and 

software to evaluate subsystem and system performance; 

guidelines for overseeing development and evaluating 

alternate technologies and their sources; example of a 

complete design of a communications payload and system 

architecture. 


Earth Station Design, Implementation, Operation and Maintenance 

for Satellite Communications 



April 2-5, 2012 

Colorado Springs, Colorado 

$2045 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 



Summary 

This intensive four-day course is intended for satellite 

communications engineers, earth station design 

professionals, and operations and maintenance managers 

and technical staff. The course provides a proven approach to 

the design of modern earth stations, from the system level 

down to the critical elements that determine the performance 

and reliability of the facility. We address the essential 

technical properties in the baseband and RF, and delve 

deeply into the block diagram, budgets and specification of 

earth stations and hubs. Also addressed are practical 

approaches for the procurement and implementation of the 

facility, as well as proper practices for O&M and testing 

throughout the useful life. The overall methodology assures 

that the earth station meets its requirements in a cost effective 

and manageable manner. Each student will receive a copy of 

Bruce R. Elbert’s text The Satellite Communication Ground 

Segment and Earth Station Engineering Handbook, Artech 

House, 2001. 

Instructor 

Bruce R. Elbert, MSc (EE), MBA, President, 

Application Technology Strategy, Inc., 

Thousand Oaks, California; and 

Adjunct Professor, College of 

Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 

Madison. Mr. Elbert is a recognized 

satellite communications expert and 

has been involved in the satellite and 

telecommunications industries for over 30 years. He 

founded ATSI to assist major private and public sector 

organizations that develop and operate cutting-edge 

networks using satellite technologies and services. 

During 25 years with Hughes Electronics, he directed 

the design of several major satellite projects, including 

Palapa A, Indonesia’s original satellite system; the 

Galaxy follow-on system (the largest and most 

successful satellite TV system in the world); and the 

development of the first GEO mobile satellite system 

capable of serving handheld user terminals. Mr. Elbert 

was also ground segment manager for the Hughes 

system, which included eight teleports and 3 VSAT 

hubs. He served in the US Army Signal Corps as a 

radio communications officer and instructor. 

By considering the technical, business, and 

operational aspects of satellite systems, Mr. Elbert has 

contributed to the operational and economic success 

of leading organizations in the field. He has written 

seven books on telecommunications and IT, including 

Introduction to Satellite Communication, Third Edition 

(Artech House, 2008). The Satellite Communication 

Applications Handbook, Second Edition (Artech 

House, 2004); The Satellite Communication Ground 

Segment and Earth Station Handbook (Artech House, 

2001), the course text. 

NEW! 


1. Ground Segment and Earth Station Technical 

Aspects. 

Evolution of satellite communication earth stations— 

teleports and hubs • Earth station design philosophy for 

performance and operational effectiveness • Engineering 

principles • Propagation considerations • The isotropic source, 

line of sight, antenna principles • Atmospheric effects: 

troposphere (clear air and rain) and ionosphere (Faraday and 

scintillation) • Rain effects and rainfall regions • Use of the 

DAH and Crane rain models • Modulation systems (QPSK, 

OQPSK, MSK, GMSK, 8PSK, 16 QAM, and 32 APSK) • 

Forward error correction techniques (Viterbi, Reed-Solomon, 

Turbo, and LDPC codes) • Transmission equation and its 

relationship to the link budget • Radio frequency clearance 

and interference consideration • RFI prediction techniques • 

Antenna sidelobes (ITU-R Rec 732) • Interference criteria and 

coordination • Site selection • RFI problem identification and 

resolution. 

2. Major Earth Station Engineering. 

RF terminal design and optimization. Antennas for major 

earth stations (fixed and tracking, LP and CP) • Upconverter 

and HPA chain (SSPA, TWTA, and KPA) • LNA/LNB and 

downconverter chain. Optimization of RF terminal 

configuration and performance (redundancy, power 

combining, and safety) • Baseband equipment configuration 

and integration • Designing and verifying the terrestrial 

interface • Station monitor and control • Facility design and 

implementation • Prime power and UPS systems. Developing 

environmental requirements (HVAC) • Building design and 

construction • Grounding and lightening control. 

3. Hub Requirements and Supply. 

Earth station uplink and downlink gain budgets • EIRP 

budget • Uplink gain budget and equipment requirements • 

G/T budget • Downlink gain budget • Ground segment supply 

process • Equipment and system specifications • Format of a 

Request for Information • Format of a Request for Proposal • 

Proposal evaluations • Technical comparison criteria • 

Operational requirements • Cost-benefit and total cost of 

ownership. 

4. Link Budget Analysis using SatMaster Tool . 

Standard ground rules for satellite link budgets • Frequency 

band selection: L, S, C, X, Ku, and Ka. Satellite footprints 

(EIRP, G/T, and SFD) and transponder plans • Introduction to 

the user interface of SatMaster • File formats: antenna 

pointing, database, digital link budget, and regenerative 

repeater link budget • Built-in reference data and calculators • 

Example of a digital one-way link budget (DVB-S) using 

equations and SatMaster • Transponder loading and optimum 

multi-carrier backoff • Review of link budget optimization 

techniques using the program’s built-in features • Minimize 

required transponder resources • Maximize throughput • 

Minimize receive dish size • Minimize transmit power • 

Example: digital VSAT network with multi-carrier operation • 

Hub optimization using SatMaster. 

5. Earth Terminal Maintenance Requirements and 

Procedures. 

Outdoor systems • Antennas, mounts and waveguide • 

Field of view • Shelter, power and safety • Indoor RF and IF 

systems • Vendor requirements by subsystem • Failure modes 

and routine testing. 

6. VSAT Basseband Hub Maintenance Requirements 

and Procedures. 

IF and modem equipment • Performance evaluation • Test 

procedures • TDMA control equipment and software • 

Hardware and computers • Network management system • 

System software 

7. Hub Procurement and Operation Case Study. 

General requirements and life-cycle • Block diagram • 

Functional division into elements for design and procurement 

• System level specifications • Vendor options • Supply 

specifications and other requirements • RFP definition • 

Proposal evaluation • O&M planning 


Effective Design Reviews for DOD and Aerospace Programs: 

Techniques, Tips, and Best Practices 



$1090 (8:30am - 5:00pm) 



“Many strong, very important 

points to improving reviews in general. 

A good investment for two days.” 

R.T., Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Lab 

Summary 

Studies have shown that design error is the single biggest 

cause of failure in aerospace deliverables. While there are 

many aspects to getting the design right, a rigorous, effective 

design review process is key. But good design review practice 

is not just for aerospace engineers. It is an essential element 

for every important deliverable or mission. Even the toy 

industry benefits from effective design review practices. This 

2-day course presents valuable techniques, best practices, 

and tips gleaned from several different organizations and 

many years of design integrity experience dealing with critical 

deliverables. Case studies and lessons learned from past 

successes and failures are used to illustrate important points. 

Instructor 

Eric Hoffman has 40 years of space experience, 

including 19 years as Chief Engineer of 

the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics 

Laboratory Space Department, which 

has designed, built, and launched 64 

spacecraft and 170 instruments. He 

has chaired, served as a reviewer at, 

presented at, or attended hundreds of 

design reviews. For this course he has captured the 

best practices of not only APL, but also 

NASA/Goddard, JPL, the Air Force, and industry. As 

“process owner” for design reviews, he authored APL’s 

written standards. His work on APL’s Engineering 

Board, Quality Council, and Engineering Design 

Facility Advisory Board, as well as on several AIAA 

Technical Committees, broadened his knowledge of 

good design review practice. He is a Fellow of the 

British Interplanetary Society, Associate Fellow of the 

AIAA, author of 66 articles on these subjects, and 

coauthor of the textbook Fundamentals of Space 



• How to set up effective, efficient technical reviews for your 

project. 

• How to select review boards for maximum effectiveness. 

• How to maximize your contribution as a technical reviewer. 

• The chairman’s important roles. 

• How to review purchased items and proprietary or classified 

designs. 

• The (often neglected) art and science of agenda design. 

• Techniques for assuring that Action Items are properly 

closed and that nothing is lost. 


NEW! 

1. High Reliability. Lessons from NASA and the Air 

Force. The critical importance of good design and why 

proper design reviews are essential. Design review 

objectives. Design review “additional benefits” for 

management. The difference between design reviews 

and project status reviews. The “seven essentials” for 

any design review. 

2. Determining What Must Be Reviewed. The 

dangerous area of “heritage” designs. Establishing a 

design review hierarchy. Can you overdo a good thing? 

3. Types of Design Reviews. CoDR, PDR, and 

CDR. EDRs and lower level reviews. Fabrication 

feasibility reviews. Test-related and other specialized 

reviews. “Delta” reviews. 

4. Dealing With Purchased Items. Subcontractor 

design reviews. Dealing with proprietary and classified 

information. Buyoffs of subcontracted items. 

5. The Pre-review Data Package. Why it is so 

important. Tips for producing it efficiently and making it 

a more useful document. 

6. The Design Review “Players” and Their Roles. 

Role of the sponsor or customer. The program 

manager’s responsibilities. How to be a more effective 

presenter. How to be a value-added reviewer. The 

chairman’s job. Role of the design review “process 

owner.” Design reviews and the line supervisor. 

7. Design Reviewing Software, Firmware, and 

FPGAs. Special techniques for software-intensive 

designs. 

8. Supplements to the Design Review. Using 

splinter meetings, poster sessions, and single-topic 

workshops to improve efficiency and effectiveness. 

9. Selecting Reviewers and the Chairman. 

Assembling a truly effective review team. Utilizing adhoc 

reviewers effectively. The pro’s and con’s of design 

reviewer checklists. Pre-review briefings. 

10. The Art and Science of Agenda Design. Smart 

(and not so smart) ways to “design” the agenda. 

Getting the most out of dry runs. 

11. Documenting the Review. What to include, 

what to leave out. How to improve documentation 

efficiency. Post-review debriefs . 

12. Action Items. Criteria for accepting/rejecting 

proposed Action Items. Efficient techniques for 

documenting, tracking, and closing the most important 

product of a design review. “Show stoppers” and “liens” 

against a design. 

13. Design Review Psychology 101. The gentle art 

of effective critiquing. Combating negativism. Dealing 

with diverse personalities. 

14. Physical facilities. What would the ideal design 

review room look like? 

15. What Does the Future Hold. Using the Internet 

to help the review process. Virtual and video reviews? 

Automated review of designs? 


Ground Systems Design and Operation 

Summary 

This three-day course provides a practical 

introduction to all aspects of ground system design and 

operation. Starting with basic communications 

principles, an understanding is developed of ground 

system architectures and system design issues. The 

function of major ground system elements is explained, 

leading to a discussion of day-to-day operations. The 

course concludes with a discussion of current trends in 

Ground System design and operations. 

This course is intended for engineers, technical 

managers, and scientists who are interested in 

acquiring a working understanding of ground systems 

as an introduction to the field or to help broaden their 

overall understanding of space mission systems and 

mission operations. It is also ideal for technical 

professionals who need to use, manage, operate, or 

purchase a ground system. 

Instructor 

Steve Gemeny is Director of Engineering for 

Syntonics. Formerly Senior Member of 

the Professional Staff at The Johns 

Hopkins University Applied Physics 

Laboratory where he served as Ground 

Station Lead for the TIMED mission to 

explore Earth’s atmosphere and Lead 

Ground System Engineer on the New 

Horizons mission to explore Pluto by 2020. Prior to 

joining the Applied Physics Laboratory, Mr. Gemeny 

held numerous engineering and technical sales 

positions with Orbital Sciences Corporation, Mobile 

TeleSystems Inc. and COMSAT Corporation beginning 

in 1980. Mr. Gemeny is an experienced professional in 

the field of Ground Station and Ground System design 

in both the commercial world and on NASA Science 

missions with a wealth of practical knowledge 

spanning more than three decades. Mr. Gemeny 

delivers his experiences and knowledge to his students 

with an informative and entertaining presentation style. 


• The fundamentals of ground system design, 

architecture and technology. 

• Cost and performance tradeoffs in the spacecraft-toground 

communications link. 

• Cost and performance tradeoffs in the design and 

implementation of a ground system. 

• The capabilities and limitations of the various 

modulation types (FM, PSK, QPSK). 

• The fundamentals of ranging and orbit determination 

for orbit maintenance. 

• Basic day-to-day operations practices and 

procedures for typical ground systems. 

• Current trends and recent experiences in cost and 

schedule constrained operations. 

January 23-25, 2012 


$1690 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. The Link Budget. An introduction to 

basic communications system principles and 

theory; system losses, propagation effects, 

Ground Station performance, and frequency 

selection. 

2. Ground System Architecture and 

System Design. An overview of ground 

system topology providing an introduction to 

ground system elements and technologies. 

3. Ground System Elements. An element 

by element review of the major ground station 

subsystems, explaining roles, parameters, 

limitations, tradeoffs, and current technology. 

4. Figure of Merit (G/T). An introduction to 

the key parameter used to characterize 

satellite ground station performance, bringing 

all ground station elements together to form a 

complete system. 

5. Modulation Basics. An introduction to 

modulation types, signal sets, analog and 

digital modulation schemes, and modulator - 

demodulator performance characteristics. 

6. Ranging and Tracking. A discussion of 

ranging and tracking for orbit determination. 

7. Ground System Networks and 

Standards. A survey of several ground 

system networks and standards with a 

discussion of applicability, advantages, 

disadvantages, and alternatives. 

8. Ground System Operations. A 

discussion of day-to-day operations in a typical 

ground system including planning and staffing, 

spacecraft commanding, health and status 

monitoring, data recovery, orbit determination, 

and orbit maintenance. 

9. Trends in Ground System Design. A 

discussion of the impact of the current cost and 

schedule constrained approach on Ground 

System design and operation, including COTS 

hardware and software systems, autonomy, 

and unattended “lights out” operations. 



Summary 

This three-day class is designed for engineers, 

scientists and other remote sensing professionals 

who wish to become familiar with multispectral 

and hyperspectral remote sensing technology. 

Students in this course will learn the basic 

physics of spectroscopy, the types of spectral 

sensors currently used by government and 

industry, and the types of data processing used 

for various applications. Lectures will be 

enhanced by computer demonstrations. After 

taking this course, students should be able to 

communicate and work productively with other 

professionals in this field. Each student will 

receive a complete set of notes and the textbook, 

Remote Sensing of the Environment, 2nd edition, 

by John R. Jensen. 

Instructor 

William Roper holds PhD Environmental 

Engineering, Mich. State University and BS and 

MS in Engineering, University of Wisconsin. He 

has served as: Engineer Officer, US Army, Senior 

Manager Environmental Protection Agency, 

Director Corps of Engineers World-wide Civil 

Works Research & Development Program, 

Director & CEO Army Geospatial Center, 

Professor and Chair Dept. of Civil & 

Environmental Engineering Dept, George 

Washington Univ.and Director, Environmental 

Services Dept. & Chief Environmental Officer, 

Arlington County. He is currently serving as: 

Research Professor, GGS Dept. George Mason 

University, Visiting Professor, Johns Hopkins 

University, Senior Advisor, Dawson & Associates 

and President and Founding Board Member, 

Rivers of the World Foundation. His research 

interests include remote sensing and geospatial 

applications, sustainable development, 

environmental assessment, water resource 

stewardship, and infrastructure energy efficiency. 

Dr. Roper is the author of four books, over 150 

technical papers and speaker at numerous 

national and international forums. 

March 6-8, 2012 


$1795 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 



Taught by an internationally 

recognized leader & expert 

in spectral remote sensing! 


1. Introduction to Multispectral and 

Hyperspectral Remote Sensing. 

2. Sensor Types and Characterization. 

Design tradeoffs. Data formats and systems. 

3. Optical Properties For Remote 

Sensing. Solar radiation. Atmospheric 

transmittance, absorption and scattering. 

4. Sensor Modeling and Evaluation. 

Spatial, spectral, and radiometric resolution. 

5. Multivariate Data Analysis. Scatterplots. 

Impact of sensor performance on data 


6. Spectral Data Processing. Scatterplots, 

impact of sensor performance on data 


7. Hyperspectral Data Analysis. Frequency 

band selection and band combination assessment. 

8. Matching sensor characteristics to 

study objectives. Sensor matching to specific 

application examples. 

9. Classification of Remote Sensing Data. 

Supervised and unsupervised classification; 

Parametric and non-parametric classifiers. 

10. Application Case Studies. Application 

examples used to illustrate principles and show 

in-the-field experience. 


• The properties of remote sensing systems. 

• How to match sensors to project applications. 

• The limitations of passive optical remote 

sensing systems and the alternative systems 

that address these limitations. 

• The types of processing used for classification 

of image data. 

• Evaluation methods for spatial, spectral, 

temporal and radiometric resolution analysis. 


IP Networking Over Satellite 

For Government, Military & Commercial Enterprises 

Summary 

This three-day course is designed for satellite 

engineers and managers in military, government and 

industry who need to increase their understanding of the 

Internet and how Internet Protocols (IP) can be used to 

transmit data and voice over satellites. IP has become the 

worldwide standard for data communications in military 

and commercial applications. Satellites extend the reach 

of the Internet and mission critical Intranets. Satellites 

deliver multicast content efficiently anywhere in the world. 

With these benefits come challenges. Satellite delay and 

bit errors can impact performance. Satellite links must be 

integrated with terrestrial networks. Space segment is 

expensive; there are routing and security issues. This 

course explains the techniques and architectures used to 

mitigate these challenges. Quantitative techniques for 

understanding throughput and response time are 

presented. System diagrams describe the 

satellite/terrestrial interface. The course notes provide an 

up-to-date reference. An extensive bibliography is 

supplied. 

Instructor 

Burt H. Liebowitz is Principal Network Engineer at the 

MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia, 

specializing in the analysis of wireless 

services. He has more than 30 years 

experience in computer networking, the 

last ten of which have focused on Internetover-satellite 

services in demanding 

military and commercial applications. He 

was President of NetSat Express Inc., a 

leading provider of such services. Before that he was 

Chief Technical Officer for Loral Orion, responsible for 

Internet-over-satellite access products. Mr. Liebowitz has 

authored two books on distributed processing and 

numerous articles on computing and communications 

systems. He has lectured extensively on computer 

networking. He holds three patents for a satellite-based 

data networking system. Mr. Liebowitz has B.E.E. and 

M.S. in Mathematics degrees from Rensselaer 

Polytechnic Institute, and an M.S.E.E. from Polytechnic 

Institute of Brooklyn. 


• How packet switching works and how it enables voice and 

data networking. 

• The rules and protocols for packet switching in the Internet. 

• How to use satellites as essential elements in mission 

critical data networks. 

• How to understand and overcome the impact of 

propagation delay and bit errors on throughput and 

response time in satellite-based IP networks. 

• How to link satellite and terrestrial circuits to create hybrid 

IP networks. 

• How to select the appropriate system architectures for 

Internet access, enterprise and content delivery networks. 

How to improve the efficiency of your satellite links. 

• How to design satellite-based networks to meet user 

throughput and response time requirements in demanding 

military and commercial environments. 

• The impact on cost and performance of new technology, 

such as LEOs, Ka band, on-board processing, intersatellite 

links. 

After taking this course you will understand how the 

Internet works and how to implement satellite-based 

networks that provide Internet access, multicast content 

delivery services, and mission-critical Intranet services to 

users around the world. 

November 15-17, 2011 


$1690 (8:30am - 5:00pm) 




1. Introduction. 

2. Fundamentals of Data Networking. Packet 

switching, circuit switching, seven Layer Model (ISO). 

Wide Area Networks including, ATM, Aloha, DVB. Local 

Area Networks, Ethernet. Physical communications layer. 

3. The Internet and its Protocols. The Internet 

Protocol (IP). Addressing, Routing, Multicasting. 

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Impact of bit errors 

and propagation delay on TCP-based applications. User 

Datagram Protocol (UDP). Introduction to higher level 

services. NAT and tunneling. Impact of IP Version 6. 

4. Quality of Service Issues in the Internet. QoS 

factors for streams and files. Performance of voice and 

video over IP. Response time for web object retrievals 

using HTTP. Methods for improving QoS: ATM, MPLS, 

Differentiated services, RSVP. Priority processing and 

packet discard in routers. Caching and performance 

enhancement. Network Management and Security issues 

including the impact of encryption in a satellite network. 

5. Satellite Data Networking Architectures. 

Geosynchronous satellites. The link budget, modulation 

and coding techniques. Methods for improving satellite 

link efficiency – more bits per second per hertz. Ground 

station architectures for data networking: Point to Point, 

Point to Multipoint. Shared outbound carriers 

incorporating DVB. Return channels for shared outbound 

systems: TDMA, CDMA, Aloha, DVB/RCS. Meshed 

networks. Suppliers of DAMA systems. Military, 

commercial standards for DAMA systems. 

6. System Design Issues. Mission critical Intranet 

issues including asymmetric routing, reliable multicast, 

impact of user mobility. Military and commercial content 

delivery case histories. 

7. A TDMA/DAMA Design Example. Integrating voice 

and data requirements in a mission-critical Intranet. Cost 

and bandwidth efficiency comparison of SCPC, 

standards-based TDMA/DAMA and proprietary 

TDMA/DAMA approaches. Tradeoffs associated with 

VOIP approach and use of encryption. 

8. Predicting Performance in Mission Critical 

Networks. Queuing theory helps predict response time. 

Single server and priority queues. A design case history, 

using queuing theory to determine how much bandwidth is 

needed to meet response time goals in a mission critical 

voice and data network. Use of simulation to predict 

performance. 

9. A View of the Future. Impact of Ka-band and spot 

beam satellites. Benefits and issues associated with 

Onboard Processing. LEO, MEO, GEOs. Descriptions of 

current and proposed commercial and military satellite 

systems including MUOS, GBS and the new generation of 

commercial internet satellites. Low-cost ground station 

technology. 


Instructor 

For more than 30 years, Thomas S. Logsdon, has 

conducted broadranging studies on 

orbital mechanics at McDonnell 

Douglas, Boeing Aerospace, and 

Rockwell International His key research 

projects have included Project Apollo, 

the Skylab capsule, the nuclear flight 

stage and the GPS radionavigation 

system. 

Mr. Logsdon has taught 300 short course and 

lectured in 31 different countries on six continents. He 

has written 40 technical papers and journal articles and 

29 technical books including Striking It Rich in Space, 

Orbital Mechanics: Theory and Applications, 

Understanding the Navstar, and Mobile 

Communication Satellites. 


• How do we launch a satellite into orbit and maneuver it into 

a new location? 

• How do today’s designers fashion performance-optimal 

constellations of satellites swarming the sky? 

• How do planetary swingby maneuvers provide such 

amazing gains in performance? 

• How can we design the best multi-stage rocket for a 

particular mission? 

• What are libration point orbits? Were they really discovered 

in 1772? How do we place satellites into halo orbits circling 

around these empty points in space? 

• What are JPL’s superhighways in space? How were they 

discovered? How are they revolutionizing the exploration of 

space? 

Orbital Mechanics: 

Ideas and Insights 

Each Student will 

receive a free GPS 

receiver with color map 

displays! 

Summary 

Award-winning rocket scientist, Thomas S. Logsdon 

really enjoys teaching this short course because 

everything about orbital mechanics is counterintuitive. 

Fly your spacecraft into a 100-mile circular orbit. Put on 

the brakes and your spacecraft speeds up! Mash down 

the accelerator and it slows down! Throw a banana 

peel out the window and 45 minutes later it will come 

back and slap you in the face! 

In this comprehensive 4-day short course, Mr. 

Logsdon uses 400 clever color graphics to clarify these 

and a dozen other puzzling mysteries associated with 

orbital mechanics. He also provides you with a few 

simple one-page derivations using real-world inputs to 

illustrate all the key concepts being explored 

January 9-12, 2012 

Cape Canaveral, Florida 

March 5-8, 2012 


$1995 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. The Essence of Astrodynamics. Kepler’s 

amazing laws. Newton’s clever generalizations. 

Launch azimuths and ground-trace geometry. Orbital 

perturbations. 

2. Satellite Orbits. Isaac Newton’s vis viva 

equation. Orbital energy and angular momentum. 

Gravity wells. The six classical Keplerian orbital 

elements. 

3. Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals. The rocket 

equation. Building efficient liquid and solid rockets. 

Performance calculations. Multi-stage rocket design. 

4. Modern Booster Rockets. Russian boosters on 

parade. The Soyuz rocket and its economies of scale. 

Russian and American design philosophies. America’s 

powerful new Falcon 9. Sleek rockets and highly 

reliable cars. 

5. Powered Flight Maneuvers. The Hohmann 

transfer maneuver. Multi-impulse and low-thrust 

maneuvers. Plane-change maneuvers. The bi-elliptic 

transfer. Relative motion plots. Deorbiting spent 

stages. Planetary swingby maneuvers. 

6. Optimal Orbit Selection. Polar and sun 

synchronous orbits. Geostationary satellites and their 

on-orbit perturbations. ACE-orbit constellations. 

Libration point orbits. Halo orbits. Interplanetary 

spacecraft trajectories. Mars-mission opportunities. 

Deep-space mission. 

7. Constellation Selection Trades. Civilian and 

military constellations. John Walker’s rosette 

configurations. John Draim’s constellations. Repeating 

ground-trace orbits. Earth coverage simulations. 

8. Cruising Along JPL’s Superhighways in 

Space. Equipotential surfaces and 3-dimensional 

manifolds. Perfecting and executing the Genesis 

mission. Capturing ancient stardust in space. 

Simulating thick bundles of chaotic trajectories. 

Driving along tomorrow’s unpaved freeways in the sky. 



A comprehensive, quantitative tutorial designed for satellite professionals 

December 6-8, 2011 


March 13-15, 2012 

Boulder, Colorado 

$1840 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



Instructor 

Dr. Robert A. Nelson is president of Satellite 

Engineering Research Corporation, a 

consulting firm in Bethesda, Maryland, 

with clients in both commercial industry 

and government. Dr. Nelson holds the 

degree of Ph.D. in physics from the 

University of Maryland and is a licensed 

Professional Engineer. He is coauthor 

of the textbook Satellite Communication 

Systems Engineering, 2nd ed. (Prentice Hall, 1993). 

He is a member of IEEE, AIAA, APS, AAPT, AAS, IAU, 

and ION. 

Additional Materials 

In addition to the course notes, each participant will 

receive a book of collected tutorial articles written by 

the instructor and soft copies of the link budgets 

discussed in the course. 

Testimonials 

“Instructor truly knows material. The 

one-hour sessions are brilliant.” 

“Exceptional knowledge. Very effective 

presentation.” 

“Great handouts. Great presentation. Great 

real-life course note examples and cd. The 

instructor made good use of student’s 

experiences.” 

“Very well prepared and presented. The 

instructor has an excellent grasp of 

material and articulates it well” 

“Outstanding at explaining and defining 

quantifiably the theory underlying the 

concepts.” 

“Very well organized. Excellent reference 

equations and theory. Good examples.” 

“Good broad general coverage of a 

complex subject.” 


1. Mission Analysis. Kepler’s laws. Circular and 

elliptical satellite orbits. Altitude regimes. Period of 

revolution. Geostationary Orbit. Orbital elements. Ground 

trace. 

2. Earth-Satellite Geometry. Azimuth and elevation. 

Slant range. Coverage area. 

3. Signals and Spectra. Properties of a sinusoidal 

wave. Synthesis and analysis of an arbitrary waveform. 

Fourier Principle. Harmonics. Fourier series and Fourier 

transform. Frequency spectrum. 

4. Methods of Modulation. Overview of modulation. 

Carrier. Sidebands. Analog and digital modulation. Need for 

RF frequencies. 

5. Analog Modulation. Amplitude Modulation (AM). 

Frequency Modulation (FM). 

6. Digital Modulation. Analog to digital conversion. 

BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK FSK, QAM. Coherent detection and 

carrier recovery. NRZ and RZ pulse shapes. Power spectral 

density. ISI. Nyquist pulse shaping. Raised cosine filtering. 

7. Bit Error Rate. Performance objectives. Eb/No. 

Relationship between BER and Eb/No. Constellation 

diagrams. Why do BPSK and QPSK require the same 

power? 

8. Coding. Shannon’s theorem. Code rate. Coding gain. 

Methods of FEC coding. Hamming, BCH, and Reed- 

Solomon block codes. Convolutional codes. Viterbi and 

sequential decoding. Hard and soft decisions. 

Concatenated coding. Turbo coding. Trellis coding. 

9. Bandwidth. Equivalent (noise) bandwidth. Occupied 

bandwidth. Allocated bandwidth. Relationship between 

bandwidth and data rate. Dependence of bandwidth on 

methods of modulation and coding. Tradeoff between 

bandwidth and power. Emerging trends for bandwidth 

efficient modulation. 

10. The Electromagnetic Spectrum. Frequency bands 

used for satellite communication. ITU regulations. Fixed 

Satellite Service. Direct Broadcast Service. Digital Audio 

Radio Service. Mobile Satellite Service. 

11. Earth Stations. Facility layout. RF components. 

Network Operations Center. Data displays. 

12. Antennas. Antenna patterns. Gain. Half power 

beamwidth. Efficiency. Sidelobes. 

13. System Temperature. Antenna temperature. LNA. 

Noise figure. Total system noise temperature. 

14. Satellite Transponders. Satellite communications 

payload architecture. Frequency plan. Transponder gain. 

TWTA and SSPA. Amplifier characteristics. Nonlinearity. 

Intermodulation products. SFD. Backoff. 

15. Multiple Access Techniques. Frequency division 

multiple access (FDMA). Time division multiple access 

(TDMA). Code division multiple access (CDMA) or spread 

spectrum. Capacity estimates. 

16. Polarization. Linear and circular polarization. 

Misalignment angle. 

17. Rain Loss. Rain attenuation. Crane rain model. 

Effect on G/T. 

18. The RF Link. Decibel (dB) notation. Equivalent 

isotropic radiated power (EIRP). Figure of Merit (G/T). Free 

space loss. Power flux density. Carrier to noise ratio. The 

RF link equation. 

19. Link Budgets. Communications link calculations. 

Uplink, downlink, and composite performance. Link 

budgets for single carrier and multiple carrier operation. 

Detailed worked examples. 

20. Performance Measurements. Satellite modem. 

Use of a spectrum analyzer to measure bandwidth, C/N, 

and Eb/No. Comparison of actual measurements with 

theory using a mobile antenna and a geostationary satellite. 


Summary 

This three-day introductory course has been taught to 

thousands of industry professionals for more than two 

decades to rave reviews. The material is frequently updated 

and the course is a primer to the concepts, jargon, buzzwords, 

and acronyms of the industry, plus an overview of commercial 

satellite communications hardware, operations, and business 

environment. The course is intended primarily for nontechnical 

people who must understand the entire field of 

commercial satellite communications, and who must 

understand and communicate with engineers and other 

technical personnel. The secondary audience is technical 

personnel moving into the industry who need a quick and 

thorough overview of what is going on in the industry, and who 

need an example of how to communicate with less technical 

individuals. 

Concepts are explained at a basic level, minimizing the 

use of math, and providing real-world examples. Several 

calculations of important concepts such as link budgets are 

presented for illustrative purposes, but the details need not be 

understood in depth to gain an understanding of the concepts 

illustrated. The first section provides non-technical people 

with the technical background necessary to understand the 

space and earth segments of the industry, culminating with 

the importance of the link budget. The concluding section of 

the course provides an overview of the business issues, 

including major operators, regulation and legal issues, and 

issues and trends affecting the industry. Attendees receive a 

copy of the instructor's textbook, Satellite Communications for 

the Non-Specialist, and will have time to discuss issues 

pertinent to their interests. 

Instructor 

Dr. Mark R. Chartrand is a consultant and lecturer in satellite 

telecommunications and the space sciences. 

For a more than twenty-five years he has 

presented professional seminars on satellite 

technology and on telecommunications to 

satisfied individuals and businesses 

throughout the United States, Canada, Latin 

America, Europe and Asia. 

Dr. Chartrand has served as a technical 

and/or business consultant to NASA, Arianespace, GTE 

Spacenet, Intelsat, Antares Satellite Corp., Moffett-Larson- 

Johnson, Arianespace, Delmarva Power, Hewlett-Packard, 

and the International Communications Satellite Society of 

Japan, among others. He has appeared as an invited expert 

witness before Congressional subcommittees and was an 

invited witness before the National Commission on Space. He 

was the founding editor and the Editor-in-Chief of the annual 

The World Satellite Systems Guide, and later the publication 

Strategic Directions in Satellite Communication. He is author 

of six books and hundreds of articles in the space sciences. 

He has been chairman of several international satellite 

conferences, and a speaker at many others. 

Satellite Communications 

An Essential Introduction 

Testimonial: 

…I truly enjoyed 

your course and 

hearing of your 

adventures in the 

Satellite business. 

You have a definite 

gift in teaching style 

and explanations.” 

November 30 - December 2 2011 

Laurel, Maryland 

April 17-19, 2012 


$1795 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 




1. Satellites and Telecommunication. Introduction 

and historical background. Legal and regulatory 

environment of satellite telecommunications: industry 

issues; standards and protocols; regulatory bodies; 

satellite services and applications; steps to licensing a 

system. Telecommunications users, applications, and 

markets: fixed services, broadcast services, mobile 

services, navigation services. 

2. Communications Fundamentals. Basic definitions 

and measurements: decibels. The spectrum and its uses: 

properties of waves; frequency bands; bandwidth. Analog 

and digital signals. Carrying information on waves: coding, 

modulation, multiplexing, networks and protocols. Signal 

quality, quantity, and noise: measures of signal quality; 

noise; limits to capacity; advantages of digital. 

3. The Space Segment. The space environment: 

gravity, radiation, solid material. Orbits: types of orbits; 

geostationary orbits; non-geostationary orbits. Orbital 

slots, frequencies, footprints, and coverage: slots; satellite 

spacing; eclipses; sun interference. Out to launch: 

launcher’s job; launch vehicles; the launch campaign; 

launch bases. Satellite systems and construction: 

structure and busses; antennas; power; thermal control; 

stationkeeping and orientation; telemetry and command. 

Satellite operations: housekeeping and communications. 

4. The Ground Segment. Earth stations: types, 

hardware, and pointing. Antenna properties: gain; 

directionality; limits on sidelobe gain. Space loss, 

electronics, EIRP, and G/T: LNA-B-C’s; signal flow through 

an earth station. 

5. The Satellite Earth Link. Atmospheric effects on 

signals: rain; rain climate models; rain fade margins. Link 

budgets: C/N and Eb/No. Multiple access: SDMA, FDMA, 

TDMA, CDMA; demand assignment; on-board 

multiplexing. 

6. Satellite Communications Systems. Satellite 

communications providers: satellite competitiveness; 

competitors; basic economics; satellite systems and 

operators; using satellite systems. Issues, trends, and the 

future. 


• How do commercial satellites fit into the telecommunications 

industry? 

• How are satellites planned, built, launched, and operated? 

• How do earth stations function? 

• What is a link budget and why is it important? 

• What legal and regulatory restrictions affect the industry? 

• What are the issues and trends driving the industry? 


Satellite RF Communications and Onboard Processing 

Effective Design for Today’s Spacecraft Systems 

Summary 

Successful systems engineering requires a broad 

understanding of the important principles of modern 

satellite communications and onboard data processing. 

This three-day course covers both theory and practice, 

with emphasis on the important system engineering 

principles, tradeoffs, and rules of thumb. The latest 

technologies are covered, including those needed for 

constellations of satellites. 

This course is recommended for engineers and 

scientists interested in acquiring an understanding of 

satellite communications, command and telemetry, 

onboard computing, and tracking. Each participant will 

receive a complete set of notes. 

Instructors 

Eric J. Hoffman has degrees in electrical engineering and 

over 40 years of spacecraft experience. He 

has designed spaceborne communications 

and navigation equipment and performed 

systems engineering on many APL satellites 

and communications systems. He has 

authored over 60 papers and holds 8 patents 

in these fields and served as APL’s Space 

Dept Chief Engineer. 

Robert C. Moore worked in the Electronic Systems Group at 

the APL Space Department from 1965 until 

his retirement in 2007. He designed 

embedded microprocessor systems for space 

applications. Mr. Moore holds four U.S. 

patents. He teaches the command-telemetrydata 

processing segment of "Space Systems" 

at the Johns Hopkins University Whiting 

School of Engineering. 

Satellite RF Communications & Onboard Processing 

will give you a thorough understanding of the important 

principles and modern technologies behind today's 

satellite communications and onboard computing 

systems. 


• The important systems engineering principles and latest 

technologies for spacecraft communications and onboard 

computing. 

• The design drivers for today’s command, telemetry, 

communications, and processor systems. 

• How to design an RF link. 

• How to deal with noise, radiation, bit errors, and spoofing. 

• Keys to developing hi-rel, realtime, embedded software. 

• How spacecraft are tracked. 

• Working with government and commercial ground stations. 

• Command and control for satellite constellations. 



$1690 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 




1. RF Signal Transmission. Propagation of radio 

waves, antenna properties and types, one-way radar 

range equation. Peculiarities of the space channel. 

Special communications orbits. Modulation of RF 

carriers. 

2. Noise and Link Budgets. Sources of noise, 

effects of noise on communications, system noise 

temperature. Signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, link 

margin. Communications link design example. 

3. Special Topics. Optical communications, error 

correcting codes, encryption and authentication. Lowprobability-of-intercept 

communications. Spreadspectrum 

and anti-jam techniques. 

4. Command Systems. Command receivers, 

decoders, and processors. Synchronization words, 

error detection and correction. Command types, 

command validation and authentication, delayed 

commands. Uploading software. 

5. Telemetry Systems. Sensors and signal 

conditioning, signal selection and data sampling, 

analog-to-digital conversion. Frame formatting, 

commutation, data storage, data compression. 

Packetizing. Implementing spacecraft autonomy. 

6. Data Processor Systems. Central processing 

units, memory types, mass storage, input/output 

techniques. Fault tolerance and redundancy, 

radiation hardness, single event upsets, CMOS latchup. 

Memory error detection and correction. Reliability 

and cross-strapping. Very large scale integration. 

Choosing between RISC and CISC. 

7. Reliable Software Design. Specifying the 

requirements. Levels of criticality. Design reviews and 

code walkthroughs. Fault protection and autonomy. 

Testing and IV&V. When is testing finished? 

Configuration management, documentation. Rules of 

thumb for schedule and manpower. 

8. Spacecraft Tracking. Orbital elements. 

Tracking by ranging, laser tracking. Tracking by range 

rate, tracking by line-of-site observation. Autonomous 

satellite navigation. 

9. Typical Ground Network Operations. Central 

and remote tracking sites, equipment complements, 

command data flow, telemetry data flow. NASA Deep 

Space Network, NASA Tracking and Data Relay 

Satellite System (TDRSS), and commercial 

operations. 

10. Constellations of Satellites. Optical and RF 

crosslinks. Command and control issues. Timing and 

tracking. Iridium and other system examples. 


Summary 

Adverse interactions between the space environment 

and an orbiting spacecraft may lead to a degradation of 

spacecraft subsystem performance and possibly even 

loss of the spacecraft itself. This course presents an 

introduction to the space environment and its effect on 

spacecraft. Emphasis is placed on problem solving 

techniques and design guidelines that will provide the 

student with an understanding of how space environment 

effects may be minimized through proactive spacecraft 

design. 

Each student will receive a copy of the course text, a 

complete set of course notes, including copies of all 

viewgraphs used in the presentation, and a 

comprehensive bibliography. 

Instructor 

Dr. Alan C. Tribble has provided space environments effects 

analysis to more than one dozen NASA, DoD, 

and commercial programs, including the 

International Space Station, the Global 

Positioning System (GPS) satellites, and 

several surveillance spacecraft. He holds a 

Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Iowa 

and has been twice a Principal Investigator 

for the NASA Space Environments and 

Effects Program. He is the author of four books, including the 

course text: The Space Environment - Implications for Space 

Design, and over 20 additional technical publications. He is an 

Associate Fellow of the AIAA, a Senior Member of the IEEE, 

and was previously an Associate Editor of the Journal of 

Spacecraft and Rockets. Dr. Tribble recently won the 2008 

AIAA James A. Van Allen Space Environments Award. He has 

taught a variety of classes at the University of Southern 

California, California State University Long Beach, the 

University of Iowa, and has been teaching courses on space 

environments and effects since 1992. 

Review of the Course Text: 

“There is, to my knowledge, no other book that provides its 

intended readership with an comprehensive and authoritative, 

yet compact and accessible, coverage of the subject of 

spacecraft environmental engineering.” – James A. Van Allen, 

Regent Distinguished Professor, University of Iowa. 

Who Should Attend: 

Engineers who need to know how to design systems with 

adequate performance margins, program managers who 

oversee spacecraft survivability tasks, and scientists who 

need to understand how environmental interactions can affect 

instrument performance. 

“I got exactly what I wanted from this 

course – an overview of the spacecraft environment. 

The charts outlining the interactions 

and synergism were excellent. The 

list of references is extensive and will be 

consulted often.” 

“Broad experience over many design 

teams allowed for excellent examples of 

applications of this information.” 

Space Environment – 

Implications for Spacecraft Design 



$1195 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. Introduction. Spacecraft Subsystem Design, 

Orbital Mechanics, The Solar-Planetary Relationship, 

Space Weather. 

2. The Vacuum Environment. Basic Description – 

Pressure vs. Altitude, Solar UV Radiation. 

3. Vacuum Environment Effects. Solar UV 

Degradation, Molecular Contamination, Particulate 

Contamination. 

4. The Neutral Environment. Basic Atmospheric 

Physics, Elementary Kinetic Theory, Hydrostatic 

Equilibrium, Neutral Atmospheric Models. 

5. Neutral Environment Effects. Aerodynamic Drag, 

Sputtering, Atomic Oxygen Attack, Spacecraft Glow. 

6. The Plasma Environment. Basic Plasma Physics - 

Single Particle Motion, Debye Shielding, Plasma 

Oscillations. 

7. Plasma Environment Effects. Spacecraft 

Charging, Arc Discharging. 

8. The Radiation Environment. Basic Radiation 

Physics, Stopping Charged Particles, Stopping Energetic 

Photons, Stopping Neutrons. 

9. Radiation in Space. Trapped Radiation Belts, Solar 

Proton Events, Galactic Cosmic Rays, Hostile 

Environments. 

10. Radiation Environment Effects. Total Dose 

Effects - Solar Cell Degradation, Electronics Degradation; 

Single Event Effects - Upset, Latchup, Burnout; Dose Rate 

Effects. 

11. The Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris 

Environment. Hypervelocity Impact Physics, 

Micrometeoroids, Orbital Debris. 

12. Additional Topics. Design Examples - The Long 

Duration Exposure Facility; Effects on Humans; Models 

and Tools; Available Internet Resources. 


Space Mission Structures: From Concept to Launch 

NEW! 

Testimonial 

"Excellent presentation—a reminder of 

how much fun engineering can be." 

Summary 

This four-day short course presents a systems 

perspective of structural engineering in the space industry. 

If you are an engineer involved in any aspect of 

spacecraft or launch–vehicle structures, regardless of 

your level of experience, you will benefit from this course. 

Subjects include functions, requirements development, 

environments, structural mechanics, loads analysis, 

stress analysis, fracture mechanics, finite–element 

modeling, configuration, producibility, verification 

planning, quality assurance, testing, and risk assessment. 

The objectives are to give the big picture of space-mission 

structures and improve your understanding of 

• Structural functions, requirements, and environments 

• How structures behave and how they fail 

• How to develop structures that are cost–effective and 

dependable for space missions 

Despite its breadth, the course goes into great depth in 

key areas, with emphasis on the things that are commonly 

misunderstood and the types of things that go wrong in the 

development of flight hardware. The instructor shares 

numerous case histories and experiences to drive the 

main points home. Calculators are required to work class 

problems. 

Each participant will receive a copy of the instructors’ 

850-page reference book, Spacecraft Structures and 

Mechanisms: From Concept to Launch. 

Instructors 

Tom Sarafin has worked full time in the space industry 

since 1979, at Martin Marietta and Instar 

Engineering. Since founding an 

aerospace engineering firm in 1993, he 

has consulted for DigitalGlobe, AeroAstro, 

AFRL, and Design_Net Engineering. He 

has helped the U. S. Air Force Academy 

design, develop, and test a series of small 

satellites and has been an advisor to DARPA. He is the 

editor and principal author of Spacecraft Structures and 

Mechanisms: From Concept to Launch and is a 

contributing author to all three editions of Space Mission 

Analysis and Design. Since 1995, he has taught over 150 

short courses to more than 3000 engineers and managers 

in the space industry. 

Poti Doukas worked at Lockheed Martin Space 

Systems Company (formerly Martin 

Marietta) from 1978 to 2006. He served as 

Engineering Manager for the Phoenix Mars 

Lander program, Mechanical Engineering 

Lead for the Genesis mission, Structures 

and Mechanisms Subsystem Lead for the 

Stardust program, and Structural Analysis 

Lead for the Mars Global Surveyor. He’s a contributing 

author to Space Mission Analysis and Design (1st and 2nd 

editions) and to Spacecraft Structures and Mechanisms: 

From Concept to Launch. 

November 14-17, 2011 

Littleton, Colorado 

$1895 (8:30am - 5:00pm) 




1. Introduction to Space-Mission Structures. 

Structural functions and requirements, effects of the 

space environment, categories of structures, how 

launch affects things structurally, understanding 

verification, distinguishing between requirements and 

verification. 

2. Review of Statics and Dynamics. Static 

equilibrium, the equation of motion, modes of vibration. 

3. Launch Environments and How Structures 

Respond. Quasi-static loads, transient loads, coupled 

loads analysis, sinusoidal vibration, random vibration, 

acoustics, pyrotechnic shock. 

4. Mechanics of Materials. Stress and strain, 

understanding material variation, interaction of 

stresses and failure theories, bending and torsion, 

thermoelastic effects, mechanics of composite 

materials, recognizing and avoiding weak spots in 

structures. 

5. Strength Analysis: The margin of safety, 

verifying structural integrity is never based on analysis 

alone, an effective process for strength analysis, 

common pitfalls, recognizing potential failure modes, 

bolted joints, buckling. 

6. Structural Life Analysis. Fatigue, fracture 

mechanics, fracture control. 

7. Overview of Finite Element Analysis. 

Idealizing structures, introduction to FEA, limitations, 

strategies, quality assurance. 

8. Preliminary Design. A process for preliminary 

design, example of configuring a spacecraft, types of 

structures, materials, methods of attachment, 

preliminary sizing, using analysis to design efficient 

structures. 

9. Designing for Producibility. Guidelines for 

producibility, minimizing parts, designing an adaptable 

structure, designing to simplify fabrication, 

dimensioning and tolerancing, designing for assembly 

and vehicle integration. 

10. Verification and Quality Assurance. The 

building-blocks approach to verification, verification 

methods and logic, approaches to product inspection, 

protoflight vs. qualification testing, types of structural 

tests and when they apply, designing an effective test. 

11. A Case Study: Structural design, analysis, 

and test of The FalconSAT-2 Small Satellite. 

12 Final Verification and Risk Assessment. 

Overview of final verification, addressing late 

problems, using estimated reliability to assess risks 

(example: negative margin of safety), making the 

launch decision. 


Spacecraft Quality Assurance, Integration & Testing 

Summary 

Quality assurance, reliability, and testing are critical 

elements in low-cost space missions. The selection of 

lower cost parts and the most effective use of 

redundancy require careful tradeoff analysis when 

designing new space missions. Designing for low cost 

and allowing some risk are new ways of doing 

business in today's cost-conscious environment. This 

course uses case studies and examples from recent 

space missions to pinpoint the key issues and tradeoffs 

in design, reviews, quality assurance, and testing of 

spacecraft. Lessons learned from past successes and 

failures are discussed and trends for future missions 

are highlighted. 

Instructor 

Eric Hoffman has 40 years of space experience, 

including 19 years as the Chief 

Engineer of the Johns Hopkins Applied 

Physics Laboratory Space Department, 

which has designed and built 64 

spacecraft and nearly 200 instruments. 

His experience includes systems 

engineering, design integrity, 

performance assurance, and test standards. He has 

led many of APL's system and spacecraft conceptual 

designs and coauthored APL's quality assurance 

plans. He is an Associate Fellow of the AIAA and 

coauthor of Fundamentals of Space Systems. 


• Why reliable design is so important and techniques for 

achieving it. 

• Dealing with today's issues of parts availability, 

radiation hardness, software reliability, process control, 

and human error. 

• Best practices for design reviews and configuration 

management. 

• Modern, efficient integration and test practices. 




March 21-22, 2012 


$1090 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. Spacecraft Systems Reliability and 

Assessment. Quality, reliability, and confidence levels. 

Reliability block diagrams and proper use of reliability 

predictions. Redundancy pro's and con's. 

Environmental stresses and derating. 

2. Quality Assurance and Component Selection. 

Screening and qualification testing. Accelerated 

testing. Using plastic parts (PEMs) reliably. 

3. Radiation and Survivability. The space 

radiation environment. Total dose. Stopping power. 

MOS response. Annealing and super-recovery. 

Displacement damage. 

4. Single Event Effects. Transient upset, latch-up, 

and burn-out. Critical charge. Testing for single event 

effects. Upset rates. Shielding and other mitigation 

techniques. 

5. ISO 9000. Process control through ISO 9001 and 

AS9100. 

6. Software Quality Assurance and Testing. The 

magnitude of the software QA problem. Characteristics 

of good software process. Software testing and when 

is it finished? 

7. The Role of the I&T Engineer. Why I&T 

planning must be started early. 

8. Integrating I&T into electrical, thermal, and 

mechanical designs. Coupling I&T to mission 

operations. 

9. Ground Support Systems. Electrical and 

mechanical ground support equipment (GSE). I&T 

facilities. Clean rooms. Environmental test facilities. 

10. Test Planning and Test Flow. Which tests are 

worthwhile? Which ones aren't? What is the right order 

to perform tests? Test Plans and other important 

documents. 

11. Spacecraft Level Testing. Ground station 

compatibility testing and other special tests. 

12. Launch Site Operations. Launch vehicle 

operations. Safety. Dress rehearsals. The Launch 

Readiness Review. 

13. Human Error. What we can learn from the 

airline industry. 

14. Case Studies. NEAR, Ariane 5, Mid-course 

Space Experiment (MSX). 

“Instructor demonstrated excellent knowledge of topics.” 

“Material was presented clearly and thoroughly. An incredible depth of expertise for 

our questions.” 


Spacecraft Systems Integration and Testing 

A Complete Systems Engineering Approach to System Test 



January 23-26, 2012 

Albuquerque, New Mexico 

$1890 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 



Summary 

This four-day course is designed for engineers 

and managers interested in a systems engineering 

approach to space systems integration, test and 

launch site processing. It provides critical insight to 

the design drivers that inevitably arise from the need 

to verify and validate complex space systems. Each 

topic is covered in significant detail, including 

interactive team exercises, with an emphasis on a 

systems engineering approach to getting the job 

done. Actual test and processing 

facilities/capabilities at GSFC, VAFB, CCAFB and 

KSC are introduced, providing familiarity with these 

critical space industry resources. 

Instructor 

Robert K. Vernot has over twenty years of 

experience in the space industry, serving as I&T 

Manager, Systems and Electrical Systems engineer for 

a wide variety of space missions. These missions 

include the UARS, EOS Terra, EO-1, AIM (Earth 

atmospheric and land resource), GGS (Earth/Sun 

magnetics), DSCS (military communications), FUSE 

(space based UV telescope), MESSENGER 

(interplanetary probe). 


• How are systems engineering principals applied to 

system test? 

• How can a comprehensive, realistic & achievable 

schedule be developed? 

• What facilities are available and how is planning 

accomplished? 

• What are the critical system level tests and how do 

their verification goals drive scheduling? 

• What are the characteristics of a strong, competent 

I&T team/program? 

• What are the viable trades and options when I&T 

doesn’t go as planned? 

This course provides the participant with 

knowledge and systems engineering perspective 

to plan and conduct successful space system I&T 

and launch campaigns. All engineers and 

managers will attain an understanding of the 

verification and validation factors critical to the 

design of hardware, software and test procedures. 


1. System Level I&T Overview. Comparison of system, 

subsystem and component test. Introduction to the various stages 

of I&T and overview of the course subject matter. 

2. Main Technical Disciplines Influencing I&T. Mechanical, 

Electrical and Thermal systems. Optical, Magnetics, Robotics, 

Propulsion, Flight Software and others. Safety, EMC and 

Contamination Control. Resultant requirements pertaining to I&T 

and how to use them in planning an effective campaign. 

3. Lunar/Mars Initiative and Manned Space Flight. Safety 

first. Telerobotics, rendezvous & capture and control system 

testing (data latency, range sensors, object recognition, gravity 

compensation, etc.). Verification of multi-fault-tolerant systems. 

Testing ergonomic systems and support infrastructure. Future 

trends. 

4. Staffing the Job. Building a strong team and establishing 

leadership roles. Human factors in team building and scheduling 

of this critical resource. 

5. Test and Processing Facilities. Budgeting and scheduling 

tests. Ambient, environmental (T/V, Vibe, Shock, EMC/RF, etc.) 

and launch site (VAFB, CCAFB, KSC) test and processing 

facilities. Special considerations for hazardous processing 

facilities. 

6. Ground Support Systems. Electrical ground support 

equipment (GSE) including SAS, RF, Umbilical, Front End, etc. 

and Mechanical GSE, such as stands, fixtures and 1-G negation 

for deployments and robotics. I&T ground test systems and 

software. Ground Segment elements (MOCC, SOCC, SDPF, FDF, 

CTV, network & flight resources). 

7. Preparation and Planning for I&T. Planning tools. 

Effective use of block diagrams, exploded views, system 

schematics. Storyboard and schedule development. Configuration 

management of I&T, development of C&T database to leverage 

and empower ground software. Understanding verification and 

validation requirements. 

8. System Test Procedures. Engineering efficient, effective 

test procedures to meet your goals. Installation and integration 

procedures. Critical system tests; their roles and goals (Aliveness, 

Functional, Performance, Mission Simulations). Environmental 

and Launch Site test procedures, including hazardous and 

contingency operations. 

9. Data Products for Verification and Tracking. Criterion for 

data trending. Tracking operational constraints, limited life items, 

expendables, trouble free hours. Producing comprehensive, 

useful test reports. 

10. Tracking and Resolving Problems. Troubleshooting and 

recovery strategies. Methods for accurately documenting, 

categorizing and tracking problems and converging toward 

solutions. How to handle problems when you cannot reach 

closure. 

11. Milestone Progress Reviews. Preparing the I&T 

presentation for major program reviews (PDR, CDR, L-12, Pre- 

Environmental, Pre-ship, MRR). 

12. Subsystem and Instrument Level Testing. Distinctions 

from system test. Expectations and preparations prior to delivery 

to higher level of assembly. 

13. The Integration Phase. Integration strategies to get the 

core of the bus up and running. Standard Operating Procedures. 

Pitfalls, precautions and other considerations. 

14. The System Test Phase. Building a successful test 

program. Technical vs. schedule risk and risk management. 

Establishing baselines for performance, flight software, alignment 

and more. Environmental Testing, launch rehearsals, Mission 

Sims, Special tests. 

15. The Launch Campaign. Scheduling the Launch campaign. 

Transportation and set-up. Test scenarios for arrival and checkout, 

hazardous processing, On-stand and Launch day. 

Contingency planning and scrub turn-arounds. 

16. Post Launch Support. Launch day, T+. L+30 day support. 

Staffing logistics. 

17. I&T Contingencies and Work-arounds. Using your 

schedule as a tool to ensure success. Contingency and recovery 

strategies. Trading off risks. 

18. Summary. Wrap up of ideas and concepts. Final Q & A 

session. 


Summary 

This two-day course is designed for the 

professional program manager, system engineer, 

or project manager engaged in technically 

challenging projects in a large scale enterprise, 

and faced with the twin 

challenges of volatile 

requirements and short time 

lines for delivery. There are well 

established paradigms for 

managing projects in large 

organizations, and there are 

likewise seven, or more, agile 

paradigms for handling volatility. This course 

addresses the intersection of these ideas, 

addressing what the U.S. DoD and others have 

called evolutionary acquisition, progressive 

elaboration, or in some cases incremental 

development, and what others have called ‘agile’. 

Instructor 

John C. Goodpasture, PMP is Managing 

Principal at a consulting firm. Mr. 

Goodpasture has dedicated his 

career to system engineering and 

program management, first as 

program manager at the National 

Security Agency for a system of 

“national technical means”, and 

then as Director of System Engineering and 

Program Management for a division of Harris 

Corporation. From these experiences and others, 

Mr. Goodpasture has authored numerous papers, 

industry magazine articles, and multiple books on 

project management, one of which “Quantitative 

Methods in Project Management” forms the basis 

for this course. 


• More than seven methodologies compete for 

the mantle of ‘agile’, and at least one of which 

strongly embraces system engineering. 

• Agile success depends a lot on having good 

performance data in the form of benchmarks to 

anchor forecasts. 

• There is a place for earned value in the agile 

paradigm, even though the cornerstone of agile 

is requirements volatility. 

• Contracts may not be an agile-friendly way of 

doing business, but there are some ways to 

make contracting practical for agile situations. 

• Test-driven development is a technical 

practice, but it has significant utility for system 

engineering. 

Agile Development 

Agile From A System Engineering Expertise 

NEW! 

January 24-25, 2012 


$1090 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 




1. What Is the Agile Paradigm. There are at 

least seven methodologies, each with their own 

‘thought leaders’ and records of success, that 

handle the vexing problem of requirements 

volatility. We’ll compare the advantages of each 

in context with the agile development life cycle. 

2. The Dynamic Backlog. System 

engineering begins with requirements. In the 

agile context, requirements are constantly 

volatile. We’ll take a look at the dynamic backlog 

as a practice for handling the issue. 

3. The Business Plan and Contracts. The 

statement of work is a driver behind the system 

engineer’s task to parse the WBS to the most 

effective developers. And, when you’re 

contracting for work, everyone needs a statement 

of work. How does this work in the agile space? 

4. Adoption. Adopting agile does not require 

a ‘big bang’ change of methods and practices. 

There are multiple strategies that have proven 

effective for introducing agile successfully. 

5. Benchmarking and Estimating. Delphi 

methods, planning poker, story points, and 

velocity metrics all figure into the benchmarking 

and estimating of scope on the WBS and in the 

dynamic backlog. 

6. Test Driven Development. Ostensibly a 

low level technical practice, it is scalable to the 

system engineering level, offering an important 

capability for verification and validation in the 

agile context. 

7. Earned Value and Agile. Agile presents 

some unique issues for earned value 

management. We’ll work some problems with 

earned value in an agile setting. 

8. Risk Management and Agile. Agile is at 

heart a risk management response to many 

project management difficulties. We will examine 

the strategy for managing the expectation gap on 

the project balance sheet. 


A 4-Day Practical 

Workshop 

Planned and Controlled 

Methods are Essential to 

Successful Systems. 

Participants in this course 

practice the skills by designing and building 

interoperating robots that solve a larger problem. 

Small groups build actual interoperating robots to 

solve a larger problem. Create these interesting and 

challenging robotic systems while practicing: 

• Requirements development from a stakeholder 

description. 

• System architecting, including quantified, 

stakeholder-oriented trade-offs. 

• Implementation in software and hardware 

• Systm integration, verification and validation 

Summary 

Systems engineering is a simple flow of concepts, 

frequently neglected in the press of day-to-day work, 

that reduces risk step by step. In this workshop, you 

will learn the latest systems principles, processes, 

products, and methods. This is a practical course, in 

which students apply the methods to build real, 

interacting systems during the workshop. You can use 

the results now in your work. 

This workshop provides an in-depth look at the 

latest principles for systems engineering in context of 

standard development cycles, with realistic practice on 

how to apply them. The focus is on the underlying 

thought patterns, to help the participant understand 

why rather than just teach what to do. 

Instructor 

Eric Honour, CSEP, international consultant and 

lecturer, has a 40-year career of 

complex systems development & 

operation. Founder and former 

President of INCOSE. He has led the 

development of 18 major systems, 

including the Air Combat Maneuvering 

Instrumentation systems and the Battle 

Group Passive Horizon Extension System. BSSE 

(Systems Engineering), US Naval Academy, MSEE, 

Naval Postgraduate School, and PhD candidate, 

University of South Australia. 

This course is designed for systems engineers, 

technical team leaders, program managers, project 

managers, logistic support leaders, design 

engineers, and others who participate in defining 

and developing complex systems. 

Who Should Attend 

• A leader or a key member of a complex system 

development team. 

• Concerned about the team’s technical success. 

• Interested in how to fit your system into its system 

environment. 

• Looking for practical methods to use in your team. 

Applied Systems Engineering 



April 9-12, 2012 

Orlando, Florida 

$1690 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. How do We Work With Complexity? Basic 

definitions and concepts. Problem-solving 

approaches; system thinking; systems 

engineering overview; what systems engineering 

is NOT. 

2. Systems Engineering Model. An 

underlying process model that ties together all 

the concepts and methods. Overview of the 

systems engineering model; technical aspects of 

systems engineering; management aspects of 

systems engineering. 

3. A System Challenge Application. 

Practical application of the systems engineering 

model against an interesting and entertaining 

system development. Small groups build actual 

interoperating robots to solve a larger problem. 

Small group development of system 

requirements and design, with presentations for 

mutual learning. 

4. Where Do Requirements Come From? 

Requirements as the primary method of 

measurement and control for systems 

development. How to translate an undefined 

need into requirements; how to measure a 

system; how to create, analyze, manage 

requirements; writing a specification. 

5. Where Does a Solution Come From? 

Designing a system using the best methods 

known today. System architecting processes; 

alternate sources for solutions; how to allocate 

requirements to the system components; how to 

develop, analyze, and test alternatives; how to 

trade off results and make decisions. Getting 

from the system design to the system. 

6. Ensuring System Quality. Building in 

quality during the development, and then 

checking it frequently. The relationship between 

systems engineering and systems testing. 

7. Systems Engineering Management. How 

to successfully manage the technical aspects of 

the system development; virtual, collaborative 

teams; design reviews; technical performance 

measurement; technical baselines and 

configuration management. 


NEW! 

Architecting with DODAF 

Effectively Using The DOD Architecture Framework (DODAF) 

The DOD Architecture Framework (DODAF) 

provides an underlying structure to work with 

complexity. Today’s systems do not stand alone; 

each system fits within an increasingly complex 

system-of-systems, a network of interconnection 

that virtually guarantees surprise behavior. 

Systems science recognizes this type of 

interconnectivity as one essence of complexity. It 

requires new tools, new methods, and new 

paradigms for effective system design. 

Summary 

This course provides knowledge and exercises at 

a practical level in the use of the DODAF. You will 

learn about architecting processes, methods and 

thought patterns. You will practice architecting by 

creating DODAF representations of a familiar, 

complex system-of-systems. By the end of this 

course, you will be able to use DODAF effectively in 

your work. This course is intended for systems 

engineers, technical team leaders, program or 

project managers, and others who participate in 

defining and developing complex systems. 

Practice architecting on a creative “Mars Rotor” 

complex system. Define the operations, 

technical structure, and migration for this future 

space program. 


• Three aspects of an architecture 

• Four primary architecting activities 

• Eight DoDAF 2.0 viewpoints 

• The entire set of DoDAF 2.0 views and how they 

relate to each other 

• A useful sequence to create views 

• Different “Fit-for-Purpose” versions of the views. 

• How to plan future changes. 

Instructor 

Dr. Scott Workinger has led projects in 

Manufacturing, Eng. & Construction, 

and Info. Tech. for 30 years. His projects 

have made contributions ranging from 

increasing optical fiber bandwidth to 

creating new CAD technology. He 

currently teaches courses on 

management and engineering and 

consults on strategic issues in 

management and technology. He holds a Ph.D. in 

Engineering from Stanford. 



June 4-5, 2012 

Denver, Colorado 

$990 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. Introduction. The relationship between 

architecting and systems engineering. Course 

objectives and expectations.. 

2. Architectures and Architecting. Fundamental 

concepts. Terms and definitions. Origin of the terms 

within systems development. Understanding of the 

components of an architecture. Architecting key 

activities. Foundations of modern architecting. 

3. Architectural Tools. Architectural frameworks: 

DODAF, TOGAF, Zachman, FEAF. Why frameworks 

exist, and what they hope to provide. Design patterns 

and their origin. Using patterns to generate 

alternatives. Pattern language and the communication 

of patterns. System architecting patterns. Binding 

patterns into architectures. 

4. DODAF Overview. Viewpoints within DoDAF (All, 

Capability, Data/Information, Operational, Project, 

Services, Standards, Systems). How Viewpoints 

support models. Diagram types (views) within each 

viewpoint. 

5. DODAF Operational Definition. Describing an 

operational environment, and then modifying it to 

incorporate new capabilities. Sequences of creation. 

How to convert concepts into DODAF views. Practical 

exercises on each DODAF view, with review and 

critique. Teaching method includes three passes for 

each product: (a) describing the views, (b) instructorled 

exercise, (c) group work to create views. 

6. DODAF Technical Definition Processes. 

Converting the operational definition into serviceoriented 

technical architecture. Matching the new 

architecture with legacy systems. Sequences of 

creation. Linkages between the technical viewpoints 

and the operational viewpoints. Practical exercises on 

each DODAF view, with review and critique, again 

using the three-pass method. 

7. DODAF Migration Definition Processes. How 

to depict the migration of current systems into future 

systems while maintaining operability at each step. 

Practical exercises on migration planning. 


NEW! 

Summary 

This two-day course covers the primary methods for 

cost estimation needed in systems development, including 

parametric estimation, activity-based costing, life cycle 

estimation, and probabilistic modeling. The estimation 

methods are placed in context of a Work Breakdown 

Structure and program schedules, while explaining the 

entire estimation process. 

Emphasis is also placed on using cost models to 

perform trade studies and calibrating cost models to 

improve their accuracy. Participants will learn how to use 

cost models through real-life case studies. Common 

pitfalls in cost estimation will be discussed including 

behavioral influences that can impact the quality of cost 

estimates. We conclude with a review of the state-of-theart 

in cost estimation. 

Instructor 

Ricardo Valerdi, is an Associate Professor of Systems 

& Industrial Engineering at the University of Arizona and a 

Research Affiliate at MIT. He developed the COSYSMO 

model for estimating systems engineering 

effort which has been used by BAE 

Systems, Boeing, General Dynamics, L-3 

Communications, Lockheed Martin, 

Northrop Grumman, Raytheon, and SAIC. 

Dr. Valerdi is a Visiting Associate of the 

Center for Systems and Software 

Engineering at the University of Southern 

California where he earned his Ph.D. in Industrial & 

Systems Engineering. Previously, he worked at The 

Aerospace Corporation, Motorola and General 

Instrument. He served on the Board of Directors of 

INCOSE, is an Editorial Advisor of the Journal of Cost 

Analysis and Parametrics, and is the author of the book 

The Constructive Systems Engineering Cost Model 

(COSYSMO): Quantifying the Costs of Systems 

Engineering Effort in Complex Systems (VDM Verlag, 

2008). 


• What are the most important cost estimation methods? 

• How is a WBS used to define project scope? 

• What are the appropriate cost estimation methods for 

my situation? 

• How are cost models used to support decisions? 

• How accurate are cost models? How accurate do they 

need to be? 

• How are cost models calibrated? 

• How can cost models be integrated to develop 

estimates of the total system? 

• How can cost models be used for risk assessment? 

• What are the principles for effective cost estimation? 

From this course you will obtain the knowledge and 

ability to perform basic cost estimates, identify tradeoffs, 

use cost model results to support decisions, evaluate the 

goodness of an estimate, evaluate the goodness of a 

cost model, and understand the latest trends in cost 

estimation. 

Cost Estimating 

February 22-23, 2012 


$1090 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. Introduction. Cost estimation in context of 

system life cycles. Importance of cost estimation in 

project planning. How estimation fits into the 

proposal cycle. The link between cost estimation 

and scope control. History of parametric modeling. 

2. Scope Definition. Creation of a technical work 

scope. Definition and format of the Work Breakdown 

Structure (WBS) as a basis for accurate cost 

estimation. Pitfalls in WBS creation and how to 

avoid them. Task-level work definition. Class 

exercise in creating a WBS. 

3. Cost Estimation Methods. Different ways to 

establish a cost basis, with explanation of each: 

parametric estimation, activity-based costing, 

analogy, case based reasoning, expert judgment, 

etc. Benefits and detriments of each. Industryvalidated 

applications. Schedule estimation coupled 

with cost estimation. Comprehensive review of cost 

estimation tools. 

4. Economic Principles. Concepts such as 

economies/diseconomies of scale, productivity, 

reuse, earned value, learning curves and prediction 

markets are used to illustrate additional methods 

that can improve cost estimates. 

5. System Cost Estimation. Estimation in 

software, electronics, and mechanical engineering. 

Systems engineering estimation, including design 

tasks, test & evaluation, and technical management. 

Percentage-loaded level-of-effort tasks: project 

management, quality assurance, configuration 

management. Class exercise in creating cost 

estimates using a simple spreadsheet model and 

comparing against the WBS. 

6. Risk Estimation. Handling uncertainties in the 

cost estimation process. Cost estimation and risk 

management. Probabilistic cost estimation and 

effective portrayal of the results. Cost estimation, 

risk levels, and pricing. Class exercise in 

probabilistic estimation. 

7. Decision Making. Organizational adoption of 

cost models. Understanding the purpose of the 

estimate (proposal vs. rebaselining; ballpark vs. 

detailed breakdown). Human side of cost estimation 

(optimism, anchoring, customer expectations, etc.). 

Class exercise on calibrating decision makers. 

8. Course Summary. Course summary and 

refresher on key points. Additional cost estimation 

resources. Principles for effective cost estimation. 


Certified Systems Engineering Professional - CSEP Preparation 

Guaranteed Training to Pass the CSEP Certification Exam 

October 14-15, 2011 


February 10-11, 2012 


April 13-14, 2012 


$990 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



Summary 

This two-day course walks through the CSEP 

requirements and the INCOSE Handbook Version 3.1 

to cover all topics on the CSEP exam. Interactive work, 

study plans, and sample examination questions help 

you to prepare effectively for the exam. Participants 

leave the course with solid knowledge, a hard copy of 

the INCOSE Handbook, study plans, and a sample 

examination. 

Attend the CSEP course to learn what you need. 

Follow the study plan to seal in the knowledge. Use the 

sample exam to test yourself and check your 

readiness. Contact our instructor for questions if 

needed. Then take the exam. If you do not pass, you 

can retake the course at no cost. 

Instructor 


lecturer, has a 40-year career of 

complex systems development & 


President of INCOSE. Author of the 

“Value of SE” material in the INCOSE 

Handbook. He has led the development 

of 18 major systems, including the Air 

Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation 

systems and the Battle Group Passive Horizon 

Extension System. BSSE (Systems Engineering), US 

Naval Academy, MSEE, Naval Postgraduate School, 

and PhD candidate, University of South Australia. 


• How to pass the CSEP examination! 

• Details of the INCOSE Handbook, the source for the 

exam. 

• Your own strengths and weaknesses, to target your 

study. 

• The key processes and definitions in the INCOSE 

language of the exam. 

• How to tailor the INCOSE processes. 

• Five rules for test-taking. 


1. Introduction. What is the CSEP and what are the 

requirements to obtain it? Terms and definitions. Basis of 

the examination. Study plans and sample examination 

questions and how to use them. Plan for the course. 

Introduction to the INCOSE Handbook. Self-assessment 

quiz. Filling out the CSEP application. 

2. Systems Engineering and Life Cycles. Definitions 

and origins of systems engineering, including the latest 

concepts of “systems of systems.” Hierarchy of system 

terms. Value of systems engineering. Life cycle 

characteristics and stages, and the relationship of 

systems engineering to life cycles. Development 

approaches. The INCOSE Handbook system 

development examples. 

3. Technical Processes. The processes that take a 

system from concept in the eye to operation, maintenance 

and disposal. Stakeholder requirements and technical 

requirements, including concept of operations, 

requirements analysis, requirements definition, 

requirements management. Architectural design, including 

functional analysis and allocation, system architecture 

synthesis. Implementation, integration, verification, 

transition, validation, operation, maintenance and disposal 

of a system. 

4. Project Processes. Technical management and 

the role of systems engineering in guiding a project. 

Project planning, including the Systems Engineering Plan 

(SEP), Integrated Product and Process Development 

(IPPD), Integrated Product Teams (IPT), and tailoring 

methods. Project assessment, including Technical 

Performance Measurement (TPM). Project control. 

Decision-making and trade-offs. Risk and opportunity 

management, configuration management, information 

management. 

5. Enterprise & Agreement Processes. How to 

define the need for a system, from the viewpoint of 

stakeholders and the enterprise. Acquisition and supply 

processes, including defining the need. Managing the 

environment, investment, and resources. Enterprise 

environment management. Investment management 

including life cycle cost analysis. Life cycle processes 

management standard processes, and process 

improvement. Resource management and quality 

management. 

6. Specialty Engineering Activities. Unique 

technical disciplines used in the systems engineering 

processes: integrated logistics support, electromagnetic 

and environmental analysis, human systems integration, 

mass properties, modeling & simulation including the 

system modeling language (SysML), safety & hazards 

analysis, sustainment and training needs. 

7. After-Class Plan. Study plans and methods. 

Using the self-assessment to personalize your study plan. 

Five rules for test-taking. How to use the sample 

examinations. How to reach us after class, and what to do 

when you succeed. 

The INCOSE Certified Systems Engineering 

Professional (CSEP) rating is a coveted milestone in 

the career of a systems engineer, demonstrating 

knowledge, education and experience that are of high 

value to systems organizations. This two-day course 

provides you with the detailed knowledge and 

practice that you need to pass the CSEP examination. 





February 14-15, 2012 


$990 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 



Summary 

Today's complex systems present difficult 

challenges to develop. From military systems to aircraft 

to environmental and electronic control systems, 

development teams must face the challenges with an 

arsenal of proven methods. Individual systems are 

more complex, and systems operate in much closer 

relationship, requiring a system-of-systems approach 

to the overall design. 

This two-day workshop presents the fundamentals 

of a systems engineering approach to solving complex 

problems. It covers the underlying attitudes as well as 

the process definitions that make up systems 

engineering. The model presented is a researchproven 

combination of the best existing standards. 

Participants in this workshop practice the processes 

on a realistic system development. 

Instructors 

Eric Honour, CSEP, has been in international 

leadership of the engineering of 

systems for over a decade, part of a 40year 

career of complex systems 

development and operation. His 

energetic and informative presentation 

style actively involves class 

participants. He is a former President of 

the International Council on Systems 

Engineering (INCOSE). He has been a systems 

engineer, engineering manager, and program manager 

at Harris, ESystems, and Link, and was a Navy pilot. 

He has contributed to the development of 17 major 

systems, including Air Combat Maneuvering 

Instrumentation, Battle Group Passive Horizon 

Extension System, and National Crime Information 

Center. BSSE (Systems Engineering) from US Naval 

Academy and MSEE from Naval Postgraduate School. 

Dr. Scott Workinger has led innovative technology 

development efforts in complex, riskladen 

environments for 30 years. He 

currently teaches courses on program 


consults on strategic management and 

technology issues. Scott has a B.S in 

Engineering Physics from Lehigh 

University, an M.S. in Systems Engineering from the 

University of Arizona, and a Ph.D. in Civil and 

Environment Engineering from Stanford University. 


1. Systems Engineering Model. An underlying process 

model that ties together all the concepts and methods. 

System thinking attitudes. Overview of the systems 

engineering processes. Incremental, concurrent processes 

and process loops for iteration. Technical and management 

aspects. 

2. Where Do Requirements Come From? 

Requirements as the primary method of measurement and 

control for systems development. Three steps to translate an 

undefined need into requirements; determining the system 

purpose/mission from an operational view; how to measure 

system quality, analyzing missions and environments; 

requirements types; defining functions and requirements. 

3. Where Does a Solution Come From? Designing a 

system using the best methods known today. What is an 

architecture? System architecting processes; defining 

alternative concepts; alternate sources for solutions; how to 

allocate requirements to the system components; how to 

develop, analyze, and test alternatives; how to trade off 

results and make decisions. Establishing an allocated 

baseline, and getting from the system design to the system. 

Systems engineering during ongoing operation. 

4. Ensuring System Quality. Building in quality during 

the development, and then checking it frequently. The 

relationship between systems engineering and systems 

testing. Technical analysis as a system tool. Verification at 

multiple levels: architecture, design, product. Validation at 

multiple levels; requirements, operations design, product. 

5. Systems Engineering Management. How to 

successfully manage the technical aspects of the system 

development; planning the technical processes; assessing 

and controlling the technical processes, with corrective 

actions; use of risk management, configuration management, 

interface management to guide the technical development. 

6. Systems Engineering Concepts of Leadership. How 

to guide and motivate technical teams; technical teamwork 

and leadership; virtual, collaborative teams; design reviews; 

technical performance measurement. 

7. Summary. Review of the important points of the 

workshop. Interactive discussion of participant experiences 

that add to the material. 


You Should Attend This Workshop If You Are: 

• Working in any sort of system development 

• Project leader or key member in a product development 

team 

• Looking for practical methods to use today 

This Course Is Aimed At: 

• Project leaders, 

• Technical team leaders, 

• Design engineers, and 

• Others participating in system development 


Modeling and Simulation of Systems of Systems 

Summary 

This two and one half -day course is designed for 

engineers and managers who wish to enhance their 

capabilities to construct, work with, and/or understand 

state-of-the-art concepts and tools for modeling and 

simulation for systems of systems. The course covers 

the basics of systems concepts and discrete event 

systems specification (DEVS), a computational basis 

for system theory. It demonstrates the application of 

DEVS to "virtual build and test" of engineered systems 

of systems, the increasingly adopted alternative to 

complex systems development. Discussion of DEVS- 

Compliant environments will provide examples of 

state-of-the-art agent-based, high-fidelity SoS spacesystems 

simulations. Students will gain access to 

modeling and simulation software that provides hands 

on experience with integrated development and testing 

of modern component-based systems. 

Instructors 

Bernard P. Zeigler is chief scientist for RTSync, 

Zeigler has been chief architect for 

simulation-based automated testing of 

net-centric IT systems with DoD’s Joint 

Interoperability Test Command as well 

as for automated model composition for 

the Department of Homeland Security. 

He is internationally known for his 

foundational text Theory of Modeling and Simulation, 

second edition (Academic Press, 2000), He was 

named Fellow of the IEEE in recognition of his 

contributions to the theory of discrete event simulation. 

Steven B. Hall has extensive experience 

developing complex adaptive, system-of-system (SoS) 

models and simulations. His nationally recognized 

Joint MEASURETM system has successfully 

integrated over 1 million lines of source code 

comprising a library of reusable and composable 

models at multiple levels of fidelity and spatial 

resolution to provide a capability to analyze the often 

emergent behavior of situated complex adaptive 

system-of-system operations. 


• Basic concepts of Discrete Event System Specification 

(DEVS) and how to apply them using simulation 

software. 

• How to understand and simulate systems with both 

Discrete and Continuous temporal behaviors. 

• System of Systems Concepts, Interoperability and 

service orientation, within a modeling and simulation 

framework. 

• Integrated System Development and Testing with 

applications to service oriented architectures. 

• Concepts and Tools at the cutting edge of the state-ofthe-art 

exemplified by advanced adaptive complex 

systems environments. 

From this course you will obtain the understanding 

of how to leverage collaborative modeling and 

simulation to analyze systems of systems problems 

within an integrated development and testing 

process. 

NEW! 



$1490 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 

(8:30am- 12:30pm on last day) 




1. Introduction to Discrete Event System 

Specification. (DEVS)--System-Theory Basis 

and Concepts, Levels of System Specification, 

System Specifications: Continuous and Discrete. 

2. Framework for Modeling and Simulation. 

DEVS Simulation Algorithms, DEVS Modeling 

and Simulation Environments. 

3. DEVS Model Development. Finite 

Deterministic DEVS –based construction, System 

Entity Structure - coupling and hierarchical 

construction, Verification and Visualization, 

System of Systems examples from the Joint 

MEASURETM environment. 

4. DEVS Hybrid Discrete and Continuous 

Modeling and Simulation. Simulation with 

DEVSJava/ADEVS Hybrid software, Cyber- 

Physical System Applications and space systems 

case-studies. 

5. Interoperability and Reuse. System of 

Systems Concepts, Levels of Interoperability, 

Service Oriented Architecture, Distributed 

Simulation in DEVS, Examples: DEVS/SOA – 

Web Service Integration, DEVS/DDS – High 

Performance. 

6. Integrated System Development Testing. 

DEVS Unified Process – Model Continuity, 

Automated DEVS-based Test Case Generation, 

Net-Enabled System Testing – Measures of 

Performance/Effectiveness. 

7. Cutting Edge Concepts and Tools. 

System Entity Structure and Pruning, 

Architecture Design Spaces, Activity Concepts 

and Measures, Using Activity to Develop Energy 

Aware Systems, Adaptable and flexible space 

systems using Agent-based, market economy 

principles. 


March 13-14, 2012 


$990 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



Summary 

This two day workshop is an overview of test 

and evaluation from product concept through 

operations. The purpose of the course is to give 

participants a solid grounding in practical testing 

methodology for assuring that a product performs 

as intended. The course is designed for Test 

Engineers, Design Engineers, Project Engineers, 

Systems Engineers, Technical Team Leaders, 

System Support Leaders Technical and 

Management Staff and Project Managers. 

The course work includes a case study in several 

parts for practicing testing techniques. 

Instructors 

Eric Honour, CSEP, international consultant 

and lecturer, has a 40-year career 

of complex systems development & 


President of INCOSE. He has led 

the development of 18 major 

systems, including the Air Combat 

Maneuvering Instrumentation 

systems and the Battle Group 

Passive Horizon Extension System. BSSE 

(Systems Engineering), US Naval Academy, 

MSEE, Naval Postgraduate School, and PhD 

candidate, University of South Australia. 


Manufacturing, Eng. & 

Construction, and Info. Tech. for 30 

years. His projects have made 

contributions ranging from 

increasing optical fiber bandwidth 

to creating new CAD technology. 

He currently teaches courses on 

management and engineering and consults on 

strategic issues in management and technology. 

He holds a Ph.D. in Engineering from Stanford. 

Principles of Test & Evaluation 

Assuring Required Product Performance 


1. What is Test and Evaluation? Basic definitions 

and concepts. Test and evaluation overview; 

application to complex systems. A model of T&E that 

covers the activities needed (requirements, planning, 

testing, analysis & reporting). Roles of test and 

evaluation throughout product development, and the 

life cycle, test economics and risk and their impact on 

test planning. 

2. Test Requirements. Requirements as the 

primary method for measurement and control of 

product development. Where requirements come from; 

evaluation of requirements for testability; deriving test 

requirements; the Requirements Verification Matrix 

(RVM); Qualification vs. Acceptance requirements; 

design proof vs. first article vs. production 

requirements, design for testability. 

3. Test Planning. Evaluating the product concept 

to plan verification and validation by test. T&E strategy 

and the Test and Evaluation Master Plan (TEMP); 

verification planning and the Verification Plan 

document; analyzing and evaluating alternatives; test 

resource planning; establishing a verification baseline; 

developing a verification schedule; test procedures and 

their format for success. 

4. Integration Testing. How to successfully 

manage the intricate aspects of system integration 

testing; levels of integration planning; development test 

concepts; integration test planning (architecture-based 

integration versus build-based integration); preferred 

order of events; integration facilities; daily schedules; 

the importance of regression testing. 

5. Formal Testing. How to perform a test; 

differences in testing for design proof, first article 

qualification, recurring production acceptance; rules for 

test conduct. Testing for different purposes, verification 

vs. validation; test procedures and test records; test 

readiness certification, test article configuration; 

troubleshooting and anomaly handling. 

6. Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting. 

Statistical methods; test data collection methods and 

equipment, timeliness in data collection, accuracy, 

sampling; data analysis using statistical rigor, the 

importance of doing the analysis before the test;, 

sample size, design of experiments, Taguchi method, 

hypothesis testing, FRACAS, failure data analysis; 

report formats and records, use of data as recurring 

metrics, Cum Sum method. 

This course provides the knowledge and ability 

to plan and execute testing procedures in a 

rigorous, practical manner to assure that a product 

meets its requirements. 


• Create effective test requirements. 

• Plan tests for complete coverage. 

• Manage testing during integration and verification. 

• Develop rigorous test conclusions with sound 

collection, analysis, and reporting methods. 


Quantitative Methods 

Bridging Project Management And System Engineering 

March 13-15, 2012 


$1795 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



Summary 

This three-day course is designed for the 

professional program manager, system engineer, or 

project manager engaged in technically challenging 

projects where close technical 

collaboration between 

engineering and management 

is a must. To that end, this 

course addresses major 

topics that bridge the 

disciplines of project 

management and system 

engineering. Each of the 

selected topics is presented 

from the perspective of 

quantitative methods. 

Students first learn a theory or narrative, and then 

related methods or practices. Ideas are 

demonstrated that are immediately applicable to 

programs and projects. Attendees receive a copy of 

the instructor’s text, Quantitative Methods in Project 

Management. 

Instructor 

John C. Goodpasture, PMP is Managing Principal 

at a consulting firm. Mr. Goodpasture 

has dedicated his career to system 

engineering and program management, 

first as program manager at the National 

Security Agency for a system of 

“national technical means”, and then as 

Director of System Engineering and 

Program Management for a division of 

Harris Corporation. From these experiences and 

others, Mr. Goodpasture has authored numerous 

papers, industry magazine articles, and multiple books 

on project management, one of which “Quantitative 

Methods in Project Management” forms the basis for 

this course. 


NEW! 

1. Number Concepts For Estimating And Risk 

Management. Knowing which to apply among 

cardinals and ordinals, stochastic and deterministic, is 

a prerequisite to all quantitative methods in project 

management and system engineering. 

2. Sampling Metrics For Project Estimates. Is 30 

samples meaningful for project estimates, or does it 

take 3000? This question will be addressed with 

worked examples. 

3. Central Tendency Among Stochastic Events. 

We’ll show that central tendency gives rise to 

approximations that simplify a myriad of complexity, 

thereby providing useful heuristics for everyday 

application. 

4. Risk Mitigation In Time And Resources 

Schedules. A few thoughts on merge bias, and the 

hazards of various artifacts of schedules. 

5. Application of Monte Carlo Simulation. 

Worked examples will show how the Monte Carlo 

simulation applies to the traditional linear equations of 

earned value. 

6. Hypothesis Testing. It’s that Type 1 error that is 

most hazardous. We’ll work some problems to see how 

these are handled. 

7. Predicting With Regression Analysis. What’s 

the next outcome going to be? Example problems will 

show what’s predictable. 

8. Evaluating Bayesian Effects. Thomas Bayes 

had an entirely different idea about probability than the 

traditional frequency definition. His ideas permeate 

much of project schedule estimates. 

9. Quantitative Decision Making. Anchoring and 

adjustment bias, optimism bias, representative and 

availability bias, and other utility effects influence the 

otherwise rational analysis of quantitative decision 

making. We’ll take a look at some examples. 

10. The Project Balance Sheet. This not a CFO’s 

balance sheet, but nonetheless, double entry 

accounting helps balance top down allocations and 

bottom up estimates. 


• Six distributions of stochastic events and outcomes play an important role in project estimates and risk 

management. 

• All numbers are not created equal; errors in their application can be very misleading, if not downright wrong. 

• Sampling can save a lot of money, shorten the schedule, and also yield good engineering data. 

• The good Thomas Bayes had a unique idea about probability, and it relies on real observations of real outcomes. 

• The phenomenon of “central tendency” may be your best friend when estimating outcomes 

• It’s possible to assess the architecture of a schedule and know quickly where the failures are likely to occur. 

• The “project balance sheet” is about the conundrum of top down allocation and bottom up estimates. 


NEW! 

Summary 

This three-day workshop presents standard 

and advanced risk management processes: how 

to identify risks, risk analysis using both intuitive 

and quantitative methods, risk mitigation 

methods, and risk monitoring and control. 

Projects frequently involve great technical 

uncertainty, made more challenging by an 

environment with dozens to hundreds of people 

from conflicting disciplines. Yet uncertainty has 

two sides: with great risk comes great 

opportunity. Risks and opportunities can be 

handled together to seek the best balance for 

each project. Uncertainty issues can be 

quantified to better understand the expected 

impact on your project. Technical, cost and 

schedule issues can be balanced against each 

other. This course provides detailed, useful 

techniques to evaluate and manage the many 

uncertainties that accompany complex system 

projects. 

Instructor 

Eric Honour, CSEP, international consultant 

and lecturer, has a 40-year career 

of complex systems development & 


President of INCOSE. He has led 

the development of 18 major 

systems, including the Air Combat 

Maneuvering Instrumentation 

systems and the Battle Group Passive Horizon 

Extension System. BSSE (Systems Engineering), 

US Naval Academy, MSEE, Naval Postgraduate 

School, and PhD candidate, University of South 

Australia. 


• Four major sources of risk. 

• The risk of efficiency concept, balancing cost of 

action against cost of risk. 

• The structure of a risk issue. 

• Five effective ways to identify risks. 

• The basic 5x5 risk matrix. 

• Three diagrams for structuring risks. 

• How to quantify risks. 

• 29 possible risk responses. 

• Efficient risk management that can apply to 

even the smallest project. 

Risk & Opportunity Management 

A Workshop in Identifying and Managing Risk 

February 7-9, 2012 


$1490 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



Practice the skills on a realistic “Submarine Explorer” 

case study. Identify, analyze, and quantify 

the uncertainties, then create effective risk mitigation 

plans. 


1. Managing Uncertainty. Concepts of uncertainty, 

both risk and opportunity. Uncertainty as a central 

feature of system development. The important concept 

of risk efficiency. Expectations for what to achieve with 

risk management. Terms and definitions. Roles of a 

project leader in relation to uncertainty. 

2. Subjective Probabilities. Review of essential 

mathematical concepts related to uncertainty, including 

the psychological aspects of probability. 

3. Risk Identification. Methods to find the risk and 

opportunity issues. Potential sources and how to 

exploit them. Guiding a team through the mire of 

uncertainty. Possible sources of risk. Identifying 

possible responses and secondary risk sources. 

Identifying issue ownership. Class exercise in 

identifying risks 

4. Risk Analysis. How to determine the size of risk 

relative to other risks and relative to the project. 

Qualitative vs. quantitative analysis. 

5. Qualitative Analysis: Understanding the issues 

and their subjective relationships using simple 

methods and more comprehensive graphical methods. 

The 5x5 matrix. Structuring risk issues to examine 

links. Source-response diagrams, fault trees, influence 

diagrams. Class exercise in doing simple risk analysis. 

6. Quantitative Analysis: What to do when the 

level of risk is not yet clear. Mathematical methods to 

quantify uncertainty in a world of subjectivity. Sizing the 

uncertainty, merging subjective and objective data. 

Using probability math to diagnose the implications. 

Portraying the effect with probability charts, 

probabilistic PERT and Gantt diagrams. Class exercise 

in quantified risk analysis. 

7. Risk Response & Planning. Possible 

responses to risk, and how to select an effective 

response using the risk efficiency concept. Tracking 

the risks over time, while taking effective action. How to 

monitor the risks. Balancing analysis and its results to 

prevent “paralysis by analysis” and still get the 

benefits. A minimalist approach that makes risk 

management simply, easy, inexpensive, and effective. 

Class exercise in designing a risk mitigation. 


Systems Engineering - Requirements 

NEW! 

January 10-12, 2012 


March 20-22, 2012 


$1795 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



Call for information about our six-course systems engineering 

certificate program or for “on-site” training to prepare for the 

INCOSE systems engineering exam. 

Summary 

This three-day course provides system engineers, 

team leaders, and managers with a clear 

understanding about how to develop good 

specifications affordably using modeling methods that 

encourage identification of the essential characteristics 

that must be respected in the subsequent design 

process. Both the analysis and management aspects 

are covered. Each student will receive a full set of 

course notes and textbook, “System Requirements 

Analysis,” by the instructor Jeff Grady. 

Instructor 

Jeffrey O. Grady is the president of a System 

Engineering company. He has 30 years 

of industry experience in aerospace 

companies as a system engineer, 

engineering manager, field engineer, 

and project engineer. Jeff has authored 

seven published books in the system 

engineering field and holds a Master of 

Science in System Management from 

USC. He teaches system engineering courses nationwide. 

Jeff is an INCOSE Founder, Fellow, and ESEP. 


• How to model a problem space using proven 

methods where the product will be implemented in 

hardware or software. 

• How to link requirements with traceability and reduce 

risk through proven techniques. 

• How to identify all requirements using modeling that 

encourages completeness and avoidance of 

unnecessary requirements. 

• How to structure specifications and manage their 

development. 

This course will show you how to build good 

specifications based on effective models. It is not 

difficult to write requirements; the hard job is to 

know what to write them about and determine 

appropriate values. Modeling tells us what to write 

them about and good domain engineering 

encourages identification of good values in them. 


1. Introduction 

2. Introduction (Continued) 

3. Requirements Fundamentals – Defines what a 

requirement is and identifies 4 kinds. 

4. Requirements Relationships – How are 

requirements related to each other? We will look at 

several kinds of traceability. 

5. Initial System Analysis – The whole process 

begins with a clear understanding of the user’s needs. 

6. Functional Analysis – Several kinds of functional 

analysis are covered including simple functional flow 

diagrams, EFFBD, IDEF-0, and Behavioral Diagramming. 

7. Functional Analysis (Continued) – 

8. Performance Requirements Analysis – 

Performance requirements are derived from functions and 

tell what the item or system must do and how well. 

9. Product Entity Synthesis – The course 

encourages Sullivan’s idea of form follows function so the 

product structure is derived from its functionality. 

10. Interface Analysis and Synthesis – Interface 

definition is the weak link in traditional structured analysis 

but n-square analysis helps recognize all of the ways 

function allocation has predefined all of the interface 

needs. 

11. Interface Analysis and Synthesis – (Continued) 

12. Specialty Engineering Requirements – A 

specialty engineering scoping matrix allows system 

engineers to define product entity-specialty domain 

relationships that the indicated domains then apply their 

models to. 

13. Environmental Requirements – A three-layer 

model involving tailored standards mapped to system 

spaces, a three-dimensional service use profile for end 

items, and end item zoning for component requirements. 

14. Structured Analysis Documentation – How can 

we capture and configuration manage our modeling basis 

for requirements? 

15. Software Modeling Using MSA/PSARE – 

Modern structured analysis is extended to PSARE as 

Hatley and Pirbhai did to improve real-time control system 

development but PSARE did something else not clearly 

understood. 

16. Software Modeling Using Early OOA and UML – 

The latest models are covered. 

17. Software Modeling Using Early OOA and UML – 

(Continued). 

18. Software Modeling Using DoDAF – DoD has 

evolved a very complex model to define systems of 

tremendous complexity involving global reach. 

19. Universal Architecture Description Framework 

A method that any enterprise can apply to develop any 

system using a single comprehensive model no matter 

how the system is to be implemented. 

20. Universal Architecture Description Framework 

(Continued) 

21. Specification Management – Specification 

formats and management methods are discussed. 

22. Requirements Risk Abatement - Special 

requirements-related risk methods are covered including 

validation, TPM, margins and budgets. 

23. Tools Discussion 

24. Requirements Verification Overview – You 

should be basing verification of three kinds on the 

requirements that were intended to drive design. These 

links are emphasized. 


Systems of Systems 

Sound Collaborative Engineering to Ensure Architectural Integrity 



$1490 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



Summary 

This three-day workshop presents detailed, 

useful techniques to develop effective systems of 

systems and to manage the engineering activities 

associated with them. The course is designed for 

program managers, project managers, systems 

engineers, technical team leaders, logistic 

support leaders, and others who take part in 

developing today’s complex systems. 

Modify a legacy 

robotic system of 

systems as a class 

exercise, using the 

course principles. 

Instructors 


lecturer, has a 40-year career of complex 

systems development & operation. 

Founder and former President of 

INCOSE. He has led the development of 

18 major systems, including the Air 

Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation 

systems and the Battle Group Passive 

Horizon Extension System. BSSE 

(Systems Engineering), US Naval Academy, MSEE, 

Naval Postgraduate School, and PhD candidate, 

University of South Australia. 


Manufacturing, Eng. & Construction, and 

Info. Tech. for 30 years. His projects 

have made contributions ranging from 

increasing optical fiber bandwidth to 

creating new CAD technology. He 

currently teaches courses on 


consults on strategic issues in management and 

technology. He holds a Ph.D. in Engineering from 

Stanford. 


1. Systems of Systems (SoS) Concepts. What 

SoS can achieve. Capabilities engineering vs. 

requirements engineering. Operational issues: 

geographic distribution, concurrent operations. 

Development issues: evolutionary, large scale, 

distributed. Roles of a project leader in relation to 

integration and scope control. 

2. Complexity Concepts. Complexity and chaos; 

scale-free networks; complex adaptive systems; small 

worlds; synchronization; strange attraction; emergent 

behaviors. Introduction to the theories and how to work 

with them in a practical world. 

3. Architecture. Design strategies for large scale 

architectures. Architectural Frameworks including the 

DOD Architectural Framework (DODAF), TOGAF, 

Zachman Framework, and FEAF. How to use design 

patterns, constitutions, synergy. Re-Architecting in an 

evolutionary environment. Working with legacy 

systems. Robustness and graceful degradation at the 

design limits. Optimization and measurement of 

quality. 

4. Integration. Integration strategies for SoS with 

systems that originated outside the immediate control 

of the project staff, the difficulty of shifting SoS 

priorities over the operating life of the systems. Loose 

coupling integration strategies, the design of open 

systems, integration planning and implementation, 

interface design, use of legacy systems and COTS. 

5. Collaboration. The SoS environment and its 

special demands on systems engineering. 

Collaborative efforts that extend over long periods of 

time and require effort across organizations. 

Collaboration occurring explicitly or implicitly, at the 

same time or at disjoint times, even over decades. 

Responsibilities from the SoS side and from the 

component systems side, strategies for managing 

collaboration, concurrent and disjoint systems 

engineering; building on the past to meet the future. 

Strategies for maintaining integrity of systems 

engineering efforts over long periods of time when 

working in independent organizations. 

6. Testing and Evaluation. Testing and evaluation 

in the SoS environment with unique challenges in the 

evolutionary development. Multiple levels of T&E, why 

the usual success criteria no longer suffice. Why 

interface testing is necessary but isn’t enough. 

Operational definitions for evaluation. Testing for 

chaotic behavior and emergent behavior. Testing 

responsibilities in the SoS environment. 


• Capabilities engineering methods. 

• Architecture frameworks. 

• Practical uses of complexity theory. 

• Integration strategies to achieve higher-level 

capabilities. 

• Effective collaboration methods. 

• T&E for large-scale architectures. 


Technical CONOPS & Concepts Master's Course 

A hands on, how-to course in building Concepts of Operations, Operating Concepts, 

Concepts of Employment and Operational Concept Documents 

October 11-13, 2011 

Virginia Beach, Virginia 

November 15-17, 2011 


December 13-15, 2011 


$1490 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



Testimonial 

"Your CONOPS course was the most 

worthwhile training I've had since . 

….kindergarten!" 

Summary 

This three-day course is de signed for engineers, scientists, 

project managers and other professionals who design, build, 

test or sell complex systems. Each topic is illustrat ed by realworld 

case studies discussed by experienced CONOPS and 

requirements professionals. Key topics are reinforced with 

small-team exercises. Over 200 pages of sample CONOPS 

(six) and templates are provided. Students outline CONOPS 

and build OpCons in class. Each student gets instructor’s 

slides; college-level textbook; ~250 pages of case studies, 

templates, checklists, technical writing tips, good and bad 

CONOPS; Hi-Resolution personalized Certificate of CONOPS 

Competency and class photo, opportunity to join US/Coalition 

CONOPS Community of Interest. 

Instructors 

Mack McKinney, president and founder of a consulting 

company, has worked in the defense industry 

since 1975, first as an Air Force officer for 8 

years, then with Westinghouse Defense and 

Northrop Grumman for 16 years, then with a 

SIGINT company in NY for 6 years. He now 

teaches, consults and writes Concepts of 

Operations for Boeing, Sikorsky, Lockheed 

Martin Skunk Works, Raytheon Missile 

Systems, Joint Forces Command, MITRE, Booz Allen 

Hamilton, all the uniformed services and the IC. He has US 

patents in radar processing and hyperspectral sensing. 

John Venable, Col., USAF, ret is a former Thunderbirds 

lead, wrote concepts for the Air Staff and is a certified 

CONOPS instructor. 


• What are CONOPS and how do they differ from CONEMPS, 

OPCONS and OCDs? How are they related to the DODAF and 

JCIDS in the US DOD? 

• What makes a “good” CONOPS? 

• What are the two types and five levels of CONOPS and when is 

each used? 

• How do you get users’ active, vocal support in your CONOPS? 

After this course you will be able to build and update 

OpCons and CONOPS using a robust CONOPS team, 

determine the appropriate type and level for a CONOPS 

effort, work closely with end users of your products and 

systems and elicit solid, actionable, user-driven 

requirements. 

NEW! 


1. How to build CONOPS. Operating Concepts (OpCons) 

and Concepts of Employment (ConEmps). Five levels of 

CONOPS & two CONOPS templates, when to use each. 

2. The elegantly simple Operating Concept and the 

mathematics behind it (X2-X)/2 

3. What Scientists, Engineers and Project Managers 

need to know when working with operational end users. 

Proven, time-tested techniques for understanding the end 

user’s perspective – a primer for non-users. Rules for visiting an 

operational unit/site and working with difficult users and 

operators. 

4. Modeling and Simulation. Detailed cross-walk for 

CONOPS and Modeling and Simulation (determining the 

scenarios, deciding on the level of fidelity needed, modeling 

operational utility, etc.) 

5. Clear technical writing in English. (1 hour crash 

course). Getting non-technical people to embrace scientific 

methods and principles for requirements to drive solid 

CONOPS. 

6. Survey of major weapons and sensor systems in trouble 

and lessons learned. Getting better collaboration among 

engineers, scientists, managers and users to build more 

effective systems and powerful CONOPS. Special challenges 

when updating existing CONOPS. 

7. Forming the CONOPS team. Collaborating with people 

from other professions. Working With Non-Technical People: 

Forces that drive Program Managers, Requirements Writers, 

Acquisition/Contracts Professionals. What motivates them, how 

work with them. 

8. Concepts, CONOPS, JCIDS and DODAF. How does it 

all tie together? 

9. All users are not operators. (Where to find the good 

ones and how to gain access to them). Getting actionable 

information from operational users without getting thrown out of 

the office. The two questions you must ALWAYS ask, one of 

which may get you bounced. 

10. Relationship of CONOPS to requirements & 

contracts. Legal minefields in CONOPS. 

11. OpCons, ConEmps & CONOPS for systems. 

Reorganizations & exercises – how to build them. OpCons and 

CONOPS for IT-intensive systems (benefits and special risks). 

12. R&D and CONOPS. Using CONOPS to increase the 

Transition Rate (getting R&D projects from the lab to adopted, 

fielded systems). People Mover and Robotic Medic team 

exercises reinforce lecture points, provide skills practice. 

Checklist to achieve team consensus on types of R&D needed 

for CONOPS (effects-driven, blue sky, capability-driven, new 

spectra, observed phenomenon, product/process improvement, 

basic science). Unclassified R&D Case Histories: $$$ millions 

invested - - - what went wrong & key lessons learned: (Software 

for automated imagery analysis; low cost, lightweight, 

hyperspectral sensor; non-traditional ISR; innovative ATC 

aircraft tracking system; full motion video for bandwidthdisadvantaged 

users in combat - - - Getting it Right!). 

13. Critical thinking, creative thinking, empathic thinking, 

counterintuitive thinking and when engineers and scientists use 

each type in developing concepts and CONOPS. 

14. Operations Researchers. and Operations Analysts 

when quantification is needed. 

15. Lessons Learned From No/Poor CONOPS. Real world 

problems with fighters, attack helicopters, C3I systems, DHS 

border security project, humanitarian relief effort, DIVAD, air 

defense radar, E/O imager, civil aircraft ATC tracking systems 

and more. 

16. Beyond the CONOPS: Configuring a program for 

success and the critical attributes and crucial considerations 

that can be program-killers; case histories and lessons-learned. 


Test Design and Analysis 

Getting the Right Results from a Test Requires Effective Test Design 

Systems are growing more complex and are 

developed at high stakes. With unprecedented 

complexity, effective test engineering plays an 

essential role in development. Student groups 

participate in a detailed practical exercise 

designed to demonstrate the application of 

testing tools and methods for system evaluation. 

Summary 

This three-day course is designed for military and 

commercial program managers, systems engineers, 

test project managers, test engineers, and test 

analysts. The focus of the course is giving 

individuals practical insights into how to acquire and 

use data to make sound management and technical 

decisions in support of a development program. 

Numerous examples of test design or analysis “traps 

or pitfalls” are highlighted in class. Many design 

methods and analytic tools are introduced. 

Instructor 


Manufacturing, Eng. & Construction, 

and Info. Tech. for 30 years. His 

projects have made contributions 

ranging from increasing optical fiber 

bandwidth to creating new CAD 

technology. 

He currently teaches courses on 

management and engineering and consults on 

strategic issues in management and technology. 

He holds a Ph.D. in Engineering from Stanford. 


1. Testing and Evaluation. Basic concepts for 

testing and evaluation. Verification and validation 

concepts. Common T&E objectives. Types of 

Test. Context and relationships between T&E and 

systems engineering. T&E support to acquisition 

programs. The Test and Evaluation Master Plan 

(TEMP). 

2. Testability. What is testability? How is it 

achieved? What is Built in Test? What are the 

types of BIT and how are they applied? 

3. A Well Structured Testing and Evaluation 

Program. - What are the elements of a well 

structured testing and evaluation program? How 

do the pieces fit together? How does testing and 

evaluation fit into the lifecycle? What are the 

levels of testing? 

4. Needs and Requirements. Identifying the 

need for a test. The requirements envelope and 

how the edge of the envelope defines testing. 

Understanding the design structure. 

Stakeholders, system, boundaries, motivation for 

a test. Design structure and how it affects the test. 

October 31 - November 2, 2011 


$1490 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



5. Issues, Criteria and Measures. Identifying 

the issues for a test. Evaluation planning 

techniques. Other sources of data. The 

Requirements Verification Matrix. Developing 

evaluation criteria: Measures of Effectiveness 

(MOE), Measures of Performance (MOP). Test 

planning analysis: Operational analysis, 

engineering analysis, Matrix analysis, Dendritic 

analysis. Modeling and simulation for test 

planning. 

6. Designing Evaluations & Tests. Specific 

methods to design a test. Relationships of 

different units. input/output analysis - where test 

variable come from, choosing what to measure, 

types of distributions. Statistical design of tests – 

basic types of statistical techniques, choosing the 

techniques, variability, assumptions and pitfalls. 

Sequencing test events - the low level tactics of 

planning the test procedure. 

7. Conducting Tests. Preparation for a test. 

Writing the report first to get the analysis methods 

in place. How to work with failure. Test 

preparation. Forms of the test report. Evaluating 

the test design. Determining when failure occurs. 

8. Evaluation. Analyzing test results. 

Comparing results to the criteria. Test results and 

their indications of performance. Types of test 

problems and how to solve them. Test failure 

analysis - analytic techniques to find fault. Test 

program documents. Pressed Funnels Case 

Study - How evaluation shows the path ahead. 

9. Testing and Evaluation Environments. 12 

common testing and evaluation environments in a 

system lifecycle, what evaluation questions are 

answered in each environment and how the test 

equipment and processes differ from environment 

to environment. 

10. Special Types and Best Practices of 

T&E. Survey of special techniques and best 

practices. Special types: Software testing, Design 

for testability, Combined testing, Evolutionary 

development, Human factors, Reliability testing, 

Environmental issues, Safety, Live fire testing, 

Interoperability. The Nine Best Practices of T&E. 

11. Emerging Opportunities and Issues 

with Testing and Evaluation. The use of 

prognosis and sense and respond logistics. 

Integration between testing and simulation. Large 

scale systems. Complexity in tested systems. 

Systems of Systems. 


Total Systems Engineering Development & Management 


Chantilly, Virginia 

February 28 - March 2, 2012 


$1890 (8:00am - 5:00pm) 

Summary 

This four-day course covers four system 

development fundamentals: (1) a sound 

engineering management infrastructure within 

which work may be efficiently accomplished, (2) 

define the problem to be solved (requirements and 

specifications), (3) solve the problem (design, 

integration, and optimization), and (4) prove that the 

design solves the defined problem (verification). 

Proven, practical techniques are presented for the 

key tasks in the development of sound solutions for 

extremely difficult customer needs. This course 

prepares students to both learn practical systems 

engineering and to learn the information and 

terminology that is tested in the newest INCOSE 

CSEP exam. 

Instructor 

Jeffrey O. Grady is the president of a System 

Engineering company. He has 30 

years of industry experience in 

aerospace companies as a system 

engineer, engineering manager, field 

engineer, and project engineer. Jeff 

has authored seven published 

books in the system engineering field 

and holds a Master of Science in System 

Management from USC. He teaches system 

engineering courses nationwide at universities as 

well as commercially on site at companies. Jeff is an 

INCOSE ESEP, Fellow, and Founder. 

WHAT STUDENTS SAY: 

"This course tied the whole development cycle 

together for me." 

"I had mastered some of the details before 

this course, but did not understand how the 

pieces fit together. Now I do!" 

"I really appreciated the practical methods 

to accomplish this important work." 



Call for information about our six-course systems engineering 

certificate program or for “on-site” training to prepare for the 

INCOSE systems engineering exam. 


1. System Management. Introduction to System 

Engineering, Development Process Overview, 

Enterprise Engineering, Program Design, Risk, 

Configuration Management / Data Management, 

System Engineering Maturity. 

2. System Requirements. Introduction and 

Development Environments, Requirements Elicitation 

and Mission Analysis, System and Hardware 

Structured Analysis, Performance Requirements 

Analysis, Product Architecture Synthesis and 

Interface Development, Constraints Analysis, 

Computer Software Structured Analysis, 

Requirements Management Topics. 

3. System Synthesis. Introduction, Design, 

Product Sources, Interface Development, Integration, 

Risk, Design Reviews. 

4. System Verification. Introduction to 

Verification, Item Qualification Requirements 

Identification, Item Qualification Planning and 

Documentation, Item Qualification Verification 

Reporting, Item Qualification Implementation, 

Management, and Audit, Item Acceptance Overview, 

System Test and Evaluation Overview, Process 

Verification. 


• How to identify and organize all of the work an 

enterprise must perform on programs, plan a 

project, map enterprise work capabilities to the 

plan, and quality audit work performance against 

the plan. 

• How to accomplish structured analysis using one of 

several structured analysis models yielding every 

kind of requirement appropriate for every kind of 

specification coordinated with specification 

templates. 

• An appreciation for design development through 

original design, COTS, procured items, and 

selection of parts, materials, and processes. 

• How to develop interfaces under associate 

contracting relationships using ICWG/TIM meetings 

and Interface Control Documents. 

• How to define verification requirements, map and 

organize them into verification tasks, plan and 

proceduralize the verification tasks, capture the 

verification evidence, and audit the evidence for 

compliance. 


Advanced Developments in Radar Technology 



$1690 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 



Summary 

This three-day course provides students who already 

have a basic understanding of radar a valuable extension 

into the newer capabilities being continuously pursued in 

our fast-moving field. While the course begins with a quick 

review of fundamentals - this to establish a common base 

for the instruction to follow - it is best suited for the student 

who has taken one of the several basic radar courses 

available. 

In each topic, the method of instruction is first to 

establish firmly the underlying principle and only then are 

the current achievements and challenges addressed. 

Treated are such topics as pulse compression in which 

matched filter theory, resolution and broadband pulse 

modulation are briefly reviewed, and then the latest code 

optimality searches and hybrid coding and code-variable 

pulse bursts are explored. Similarly, radar polarimetry is 

reviewed in principle, then the application to image 

processing (as in Synthetic Aperture Radar work) is 

covered. Doppler processing and its application to SAR 

imaging itself, then 3D SAR, the moving target problem 

and other target signature work are also treated this way. 

Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) is introduced; 

the resurgent interest in bistatic radar is discussed. 

The most ample current literature (conferences and 

journals) is used in this course, directing the student to 

valuable material for further study. Instruction follows the 

student notebook provided. 

Instructor 

Bob Hill received his BS degree from Iowa State 

University and the MS from the University of Maryland, 

both in electrical engineering. After 

spending a year in microwave work with 

an electronics firm in Virginia, he was then 

a ground electronics officer in the U.S. Air 

Force and began his civil service career 

with the U.S. Navy . He managed the 

development of the phased array radar of 

the Navy’s AEGIS system through its introduction to the 

fleet. Later in his career he directed the development, 

acquisition and support of all surveillance radars of the 

surface navy. 

Mr. Hill is a Fellow of the IEEE, an IEEE “distinguished 

lecturer”, a member of its Radar Systems Panel and 

previously a member of its Aerospace and Electronic 

Systems Society Board of Governors for many years. He 

established and chaired through 1990 the IEEE’s series of 

international radar conferences and remains on the 

organizing committee of these, and works with the several 

other nations cooperating in that series. He has published 

numerous conference papers, magazine articles and 

chapters of books, and is the author of the radar, 

monopulse radar, airborne radar and synthetic aperture 

radar articles in the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science 

and Technology and contributor for radar-related entries of 

their technical dictionary. 

NEW! 


1. Introduction and Background. 

• The nature of radar and the physics involved. 

• Concepts and tools required, briefly reviewed. 

• Directions taken in radar development and the 

technological advances permitting them. 

• Further concepts and tools, more elaborate. 

2. Advanced Signal Processing. 

• Review of developments in pulse compression (matched 

filter theory, modulation techniques, the search for 

optimality) and in Doppler processing (principles, 

"coherent" radar, vector processing, digital techniques); 

establishing resolution in time (range) and in frequency 

(Doppler). 

• Recent considerations in hybrid coding, shaping the 

ambiguity function. 

• Target inference. Use of high range and high Doppler 

resolution: example and experimental results. 

3. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). 

• Fundamentals reviewed, 2-D and 3-D SAR, example 

image. 

• Developments in image enhancement. The dangerous 

point-scatterer assumption. Autofocusing methods in 

SAR, ISAR imaging. The ground moving target problem. 

• Polarimetry and its application in SAR. Review of 

polarimetry theory. Polarimetric filtering: the whitening 

filter, the matched filter. Polarimetric-dependent phase 

unwrapping in 3D IFSAR. 

• Image interpretation: target recognition processes 

reviewed. 

4. A "Radar Revolution" - the Phased Array. 

• The all-important antenna. General antenna theory, 

quickly reviewed. Sidelobe concerns, suppression 

techniques. Ultra-low sidelobe design. 

• The phased array. Electronic scanning, methods, typical 

componentry. Behavior with scanning, the impedance 

problem and matching methods. The problem of 

bandwidth; time-delay steering. Adaptive patterns, 

adaptivity theory and practice. Digital beam forming. The 

"active" array. 

• Phased array radar, system considerations. 

5. Advanced Data Processing. 

• Detection in clutter, threshold control schemes, CFAR. 

• Background analysis: clutter statistics, parameter 

estimation, clutter as a compound process. 

• Association, contacts to tracks. 

• Track estimation, filtering, adaptivity, multiple hypothesis 

testing. 

• Integration: multi-radar, multi-sensor data fusion, in both 

detection and tracking, greater use of supplemental 

data, augmenting the radar processing. 

6. Other Topics. 

• Bistatics, the resurgent interest. Review of the basics of 

bistatic radar, challenges, early experiences. New 

opportunities: space; terrestrial. Achievements reported. 

• Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP), airborne 

radar emphasis. 

• Ultra-wideband short pulse radar, various claims (wellfounded 

and not); an example UWB SAR system for 

good purpose. 

• Concluding discussion, course review. 




$1690 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



Summary 

The increasing level of combat system integration 

and communications requirements, coupled with 

shrinking defense budgets and shorter product life 

cycles, offers many challenges and opportunities in the 

design and acquisition of new combat systems. This 

three-day course teaches the systems engineering 

discipline that has built some of the modern military’s 

greatest combat and communications systems, using 

state-of-the-art systems engineering techniques. It 

details the decomposition and mapping of war-fighting 

requirements into combat system functional designs. A 

step-by-step description of the combat system design 

process is presented emphasizing the trades made 

necessary because of growing performance, 

operational, cost, constraints and ever increasing 

system complexities. 

Topics include the fire control loop and its closure by 

the combat system, human-system interfaces, 

command and communication systems architectures, 

autonomous and net-centric operation, induced 

information exchange requirements, role of 

communications systems, and multi-mission 

capabilities. 

Engineers, scientists, program managers, and 

graduate students will find the lessons learned in this 

course valuable for architecting, integration, and 

modeling of combat system. Emphasis is given to 

sound system engineering principles realized through 

the application of strict processes and controls, thereby 

avoiding common mistakes. Each attendee will receive 

a complete set of detailed notes for the class. 

Instructor 

Robert Fry works at The Johns Hopkins University 

Applied Physics Laboratory where he is 

a member of the Principal Professional 

Staff. Throughout his career he has 

been involved in the development of 

new combat weapon system concepts, 

development of system requirements, 

and balancing allocations within the fire 

control loop between sensing and weapon kinematic 

capabilities. He has worked on many aspects of the 

AEGIS combat system including AAW, BMD, AN/SPY- 

1, and multi-mission requirements development. 

Missile system development experience includes SM- 

2, SM-3, SM-6, Patriot, THAAD, HARPOON, 

AMRAAM, TOMAHAWK, and other missile systems. 

Combat Systems Engineering 

Updated! 


1. Combat System Overview. Combat 

system characteristics. Functional description for 

the combat system in terms of the sensor and 

weapons control, communications, and 

command and control. Anti-air Warfare. Antisurface 

Warfare. Anti-submarine Warfare. 

2. Combat System Functional 

Organization. Combat system layers and 

operation. 

3. Sensors. Review of the variety of multiwarfare 

sensor systems, their capability, 

operation, management, and limitations. 

4. Weaponry. Weapon system suites 

employed by the AEGIS combat system and their 

capability, operation, management, and 

limitations. Basics of missile design and 

operation. 

5. Fire Control Loops. What the fire control 

loop is and how it works, its vulnerabilities, 

limitations, and system battlespace. 

6. Engagement Control. Weapon control, 

planning, and coordination. 

7. Tactical Command and Contro. Humanin-the-loop, 

system latencies, and coordinated 

planning and response. 

8. Communications. Current and future 

communications systems employed with combat 

systems and their relationship to combat system 

functions and interoperability. 

9. Combat System Development. Overview 

of the combat system engineering and acquisition 

processes. 

10. Current AEGIS Missions and Directions. 

Performance in low-intensity conflicts. Changing 

Navy missions, threat trends, shifts in the 

defense budget, and technology growth. 

11. Network-Centric Operation and Warfare. 

Net-centric gain in warfare, network layers and 

coordination, and future directions. 


• The trade-offs and issues for modern combat 

system design. 

• The role of subsystem in combat system operation. 

• How automation and technology impact combat 

system design. 

• Understanding requirements for joint warfare, netcentric 

warfare, and open architectures. 

• Lessons learned from AEGIS development. 


Cyber Warfare – Theory & Fundamentals 

NEW! 

Summary 

This two-day course is intended for 

technical and programmatic staff involved in 

the development, analysis, or testing of 

Information Assurance, Network Warfare, 

Network-Centric, and NetOPs systems. The 

course will provide perspective on emerging 

policy, doctrine, strategy, and operational 

constraints affecting the development of 

cyber warfare systems. This knowledge will 

greatly enhance participants’ ability to 

develop operational systems and concepts 

that will produce integrated, controlled, and 

effective cyber effects at each warfare level. 

Instructor 

Albert Kinney is a retired Naval Officer 

and holds a Masters Degree in electrical 

engineering. His professional experience 

includes more than 20 years of experience in 

research and operational cyberspace 

mission areas including the initial 

development and first operational 

employment of the Naval Cyber Attack 

Team. 


• What are the relationships between cyber warfare, 

information assurance, information operations, 

and network-centric warfare? 

• How can a cyber warfare capability enable freedom 

of action in cyberspace? 

• What are legal constraints on cyber warfare? 

• How can cyber capabilities meet standards for 

weaponization? 

• How should cyber capabilities be integrated with 

military exercises? 

• How can military and civilian cyberspace 

organizations prepare and maintain their workforce 

to play effective roles in cyberspace? 

• What is the Comprehensive National 

Cybersecurity Initiative (CNCI)? 

From this course you will obtain in-depth 

knowledge and awareness of the cyberspace 

domain, its functional characteristics, and its 

organizational inter-relationships enabling your 

organization to make meaningful contributions in 

the domain of cyber warfare through technical 

consultation, systems development, and 

operational test & evaluation. 

December 14-15, 2011 


$1090 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. Cyberspace as a Warfare Domain. Domain 

terms of reference. Comparison of operational 

missions conducted through cyberspace. 

Operational history of cyber warfare. 

2. Stack Positioning as a Maneuver Analog. 

Exploring the space where tangible cyber warfare 

maneuver really happens. Extend the network stack 

concept to other elements of cyberspace. 

Understand the advantage gained through 

proficient cyberscape navigation. 

3. Organizational Constructs in Cyber 

Warfare. Inter-relationships between traditional and 

emerging warfare, intelligence, and systems policy 

authorities. 

4. Cyberspace Doctrine and Strategy. National 

Military Strategy for Cyberspace Operations. 

Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative 

(CNCI). Developing a framework for a full spectrum 

cyberspace capabilities. 

5. Legal Considerations for Cyber Warfare. 

Overview of pertinent US Code for cyberspace. 

Adapting the international Law of Armed Conflict to 

cyber warfare. Decision frameworks and metaphors 

for making legal choices in uncharted territory. 

6. Operational Theory of Cyber Warfare. 

Planning and achieving cyber effects. 

Understanding policy implications and operational 

risks in cyber warfare. Developing a cyber 

deterrence strategy. 

7. Cyber Warfare Training and Exercise 

Requirements. Understanding of the depth of 

technical proficiency and operational savvy required 

to develop, maintain, and exercise integrated cyber 

warfare capabilities. 

8. Cyber Weaponization. Cyber weapons 

taxonomy. Weapon-target interplay. Test and 

Evaluation Standards. Observable effects. 

9. Command & Control for Cyber Warfare. 

Joint Command & Control principles. Joint 

Battlespace Awareness. Situational Awareness. 

Decision Support. 

10. Survey of International Cyber Warfare 

Capabilities. Open source exploration of cyber 

warfare trends in India, Pakistan, Russia, and 

China. 



December 12-15, 2011 


$1995 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 

4 Day Course! 



Summary 

This four-day course is designed for scientists, 

engineers and managers interested in the current state 

of explosive and propellant technology. After an 

introduction to shock waves, the current explosive 

technology is described. Numerical methods for 

evaluating explosive and propellant sensitivity to shock 

waves are described and applied to vulnerability 

problems such as projectile impact and burning to 

detonation. 

Instructor 

Charles L. Mader, Ph.D.,is a retired Fellow of the 

Los Alamos National Laboratory and President of a 

consulting company. Dr. Mader authored the 

monograph Numerical Modeling of Detonation, and 

also wrote four dynamic material property data 

volumes published by the University of California 

Press. His book and CD-ROM entitled Numerical 

Modeling of Explosives and Propellants, Third Edition, 

published in 2008 by CRC Press will be the text for the 

course. He is the author of Numerical Modeling of 

Water Waves, Second Edition, published in 2004 by 

CRC Press. He is listed in Who's Who in America and 

Who's Who in the World. He has consulted and guest 

lectured for public and private organizations in several 

countries. 


This course is suited for scientists, engineers, and 

managers interested in the current state of explosive 

and propellant technology, and in the use of numerical 

modeling to evaluate the performance and vulnerability 

of explosives and propellants. 


• What are Shock Waves and Detonation Waves? 

• What makes an Explosive Hazardous? 

• Where Shock Wave and Explosive Data is available. 

• How to model Explosive and Propellant 

Performance. 

• How to model Explosive Hazards and Vulnerability. 

• How to use the furnished explosive performance and 

hydrodynamic computer codes. 

• The current state of explosive and propellant 

technology. 

From this course you will obtain the knowledge to 

evaluate explosive performance, hazards and 

understand the literature. 


1. Shock Waves. Fundamental Shock Wave 

Hydrodynamics, Shock Hugoniots, Phase Change, 

Oblique Shock Reflection, Regular and Mach Shock 

Reflection. 

2. Shock Equation of State Data Bases. Shock 

Hugoniot Data, Shock Wave Profile Data., 

Radiographic Data, Explosive Performance Data, 

Aquarium Data, Russian Shock and Explosive Data. 

3. Performance of Explosives and Propellants. 

Steady-State Explosives. Non-Ideal Explosives – 

Ammonium Salt-Explosive Mixtures, Ammonium 

Nitrate-Fuel Oil (ANFO) Explosives, Metal Loaded 

Explosives. Non-Steady State Detonations – Build- 

Up in Plane, Diverging and Converging Geometry, 

Chemistry of Build-Up of Detonation. Propellant 

Performance. 

4. Initiation of Detonation. Thermal Initiation, 

Explosive Hazard Calibration Tests. Shock Initiation 

of Homogeneous Explosives. Shock Initiation of 

Heterogeneous Explosives – Hydrodynamic Hot Spot 

Model, Shock Sensitivity and Effects on Shock 

Sensitivity of Composition, Particle Size and 

Temperature. The FOREST FIRE MODEL – Failure 

Diameter, Corner Turning, Desensitization of 

Explosives by Preshocking, Projectile Initiation of 

Explosives, Burning to Detonation. 

5. Modeling Hydodynamics on Personal 

Computers. Numerical Solution of One-Dimensional 

and Two-Dimensional Lagrangian Reactive Flow, 

Numerical Solution of Two-Dimensional and Three- 

Dimensional Eulerian Reactive Flow. 

6. Design and Interpretation of Experiments. 

Plane-Wave Experiments, Explosions in Water, Plate 

Dent Experiments, Cylinder Test, Jet Penetration of 

Inerts and Explosives, Plane Wave Lens, Regular 

and Mach Reflection of Shock and Detonation 

Waves, Insensitive High Explosive Initiators, Colliding 

Detonations, Shaped Charge Jet Formation and 

Target Penetration. 

7. NOBEL Code and Proton Radiography. AMR 

Reactive Hydrodynamic code with models of both 

Build-up TO and OF Detonation used to model 

oblique initiation of Insensitive High Explosives, 

explosive cavity formation in water, meteorite and 

nuclear explosion generated cavities, Munroe jets, 

Failure Cones, Hydrovolcanic explosions. 

Course Materials 

Participants will receive a copy of Numerical Modeling 

of Explosives and Propellants, Third Edition by Dr. Charles 

Mader, 2008 CRC Press. In addition, participants will 

receive an updated CD-ROM. 


Fundamentals of Rockets and Missiles 



March 6-8, 2012 


$1690 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 



Summary 

This three-day course provides an overview of rockets and 

missiles for government and industry officials with limited 

technical experience in rockets and missiles. The course 

provides a practical foundation of knowledge in rocket and 

missile issues and technologies. The seminar is designed for 

engineers, technical personnel, military specialist, decision 

makers and managers of current and future projects needing 

a more complete understanding of the complex issues of 

rocket and missile technology The seminar provides a solid 

foundation in the issues that must be decided in the use, 

operation and development of rocket systems of the future. 

You will learn a wide spectrum of problems, solutions and 

choices in the technology of rockets and missile used for 

military and civil purposes. 

Attendees will receive a complete set of printed notes. 

These notes will be an excellent future reference for current 

trends in the state-of-the-art in rocket and missile technology 

and decision making. 

Instructor 

Edward L. Keith is a multi-discipline Launch Vehicle System 

Engineer, specializing in integration of launch 

vehicle technology, design, modeling and 

business strategies. He is currently an 

independent consultant, writer and teacher of 

rocket system tec hnology. He is experienced 

in launch vehicle operations, design, testing, 

business analysis, risk reduction, modeling, 

safety and reliability. He also has 13-years of government 

experience including five years working launch operations at 

Vandenberg AFB. Mr. Keith has written over 20 technical 

papers on various aspects of low cost space transportation 

over the last two decades. 


• Aerospace Industry Managers. 

• Government Regulators, Administrators and 

sponsors of rocket or missile projects. 

• Engineers of all disciplines supporting rocket and 

missile projects. 

• Contractors or investors involved in missile 

development. 

• Military Professionals. 


• Fundamentals of rocket and missile systems. 

• The spectrum of rocket uses and technologies. 

• Differences in technology between foreign and 

domestic rocket systems. 

• Fundamentals and uses of solid and liquid rocket 

systems. 

• Differences between systems built as weapons and 

those built for commerce. 


1. Introduction to Rockets and Missiles. The Classifications 

of guided, and unguided, missile systems is introduced. The 

practical uses of rocket systems as weapons of war, commerce 

and the peaceful exploration of space are examined. 

2. Rocket Propulsion made Simple. How rocket motors and 

engines operate to achieve thrust. Including Nozzle Theory, are 

explained. The use of the rocket equation and related Mass 

Properties metrics are introduced. The flight environments and 

conditions of rocket vehicles are presented. Staging theory for 

rockets and missiles are explained. Non-traditional propulsion is 

addressed. 

3. Introduction to Liquid Propellant Performance, Utility 

and Applications. Propellant performance issues of specific 

impulse, Bulk density and mixture ratio decisions are examined. 

Storable propellants for use in space are described. Other 

propellant Properties, like cryogenic properties, stability, toxicity, 

compatibility are explored. Mono-Propellants and single 

propellant systems are introduced. 

4. Introducing Solid Rocket Motor Technology. The 

advantages and disadvantages of solid rocket motors are 

examined. Solid rocket motor materials, propellant grains and 

construction are described. Applications for solid rocket motors as 

weapons and as cost-effective space transportation systems are 

explored. Hybrid Rocket Systems are explored. 

5. Liquid Rocket System Technology. Rocket Engines, from 

pressure fed to the three main pump-fed cycles, are examined. 

Engine cooling methods are explored. Other rocket engine and 

stage elements are described. Control of Liquid Rocket stage 

steering is presented. Propellant Tanks, Pressurization systems 

and Cryogenic propellant Management are explained. 

6. Foreign vs. American Rocket Technology and Design. 

How the former Soviet aerospace system diverged from the 

American systems, where the Russians came out ahead, and 

what we can learn from the differences. Contrasts between the 

Russian and American Design philosophy are observed to provide 

lessons for future design. Foreign competition from the end of the 

Cold War to the foreseeable future is explored. 

7. Rockets in Spacecraft Propulsion. The difference 

between launch vehicle booster systems, and that found on 

spacecraft, satellites and transfer stages, is examined The use of 

storable and hypergolic propellants in space vehicles is explained. 

Operation of rocket systems in micro-gravity is studied. 

8. Rockets Launch Sites and Operations. Launch Locations 

in the USA and Russia are examined for the reason the locations 

have been chosen. The considerations taken in the selection of 

launch sites are explored. The operations of launch sites in a more 

efficient manner, is examined for future systems. 

9. Rockets as Commercial Ventures. Launch Vehicles as 

American commercial ventures are examined, including the 

motivation for commercialization. The Commercial Launch Vehicle 

market is explored. 

10. Useful Orbits and Trajectories Made Simple. The 

student is introduced to simplified and abbreviated orbital 

mechanics. Orbital changes using Delta-V to alter an orbit, and 

the use of transfer orbits, are explored. Special orbits like 

geostationary, sun synchronous and Molnya are presented. 

Ballistic Missile trajectories and re-entry penetration is examined. 

11. Reliability and Safety of Rocket Systems. Introduction 

to the issues of safety and reliability of rocket and missile systems 

is presented. The hazards of rocket operations, and mitigation of 

the problems, are explored. The theories and realistic practices of 

understanding failures within rocket systems, and strategies to 

improve reliability, is discussed. 

12. Expendable Launch Vehicle Theory, Performance and 

Uses. The theory of Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) 

dominance over alternative Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV) is 

explored. The controversy over simplification of liquid systems as 

a cost effective strategy is addressed. 

13. Reusable Launch Vehicle Theory and Performance. 

The student is provided with an appreciation and understanding of 

why Reusable Launch Vehicles have had difficulty replacing 

expendable launch vehicles. Classification of reusable launch 

vehicle stages is introduced. The extra elements required to bring 

stages safely back to the starting line is explored. Strategies to 

make better RLV systems are presented. 

14. The Direction of Technology. A final open discussion 

regarding the direction of rocket technology, science, usage and 

regulations of rockets and missiles is conducted to close out the 

class study. 


GPS and Other Radionavigation Satellites 

International Navigation Solutions for Military, Civilian, and Aerospace Applications 

Each Student will 

receive a free GPS 

receiver with color map 

displays! 

Summary 

If present plans materialize, 128 radionavigation 

satellites will soon be installed along the space frontier. 

They will be owned and operated by six different 

countries hoping to capitalize on the financial success 

of the GPS constellation. 

In this popular four-day short course Tom Logsdon 

describes in detail how these various radionavigation 

systems work and reviews the many practical benefits 

they are slated to provide to military and civilian users 

around the globe. Logsdon will explain how each 

radionavigation system works and how to use it in 

various practical situations. 

Instructor 

Tom Logsdon has worked on the GPS 

radionavigation satellites and their 

constellation for more than 20 years. He 

helped design the Transit Navigation 

System and the GPS and he acted as a 

consultant to the European Galileo 

Spaceborne Navigation System. His key 

assignment have included constellation 

selection trades, military and civilian applications, force 

multiplier effects, survivability enhancements and 

spacecraft autonomy studies. 

Over the past 30 years Logsdon has taught more 

than 300 short courses. He has also made two dozen 

television appearances, helped design an exhibit for 

the Smithsonian Institution, and written and published 

1.7 million words, including 29 non fiction books. 

These include Understanding the Navstar, Orbital 

Mechanics, and The Navstar Global Positioning 

System. 

"The presenter was very energetic and truly 

passionate about the material" 

" Tom Logsdon is the best teacher I have ever 

had. His knowledge is excellent. He is a 10!" 

"Mr. Logsdon did a bang-up job explaining 

and deriving the theories of special/general 

relativity–and how they are associated with 

the GPS navigation solutions." 

"I loved his one-page mathematical derivations 

and the important points they illustrate." 

October 24-27, 2011 




March 12-15, 2012 


$1995 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 




1. Radionavigation Concepts. Active and passive 

radionavigation systems. Position and velocity solutions. 

Nanosecond timing accuracies. Today’s spaceborne 

atomic clocks. Websites and other sources of information. 

Building a flourishing $200 billion radionavigation empire 

in space. 

2. The Three Major Segments of the GPS. Signal 

structure and pseudorandom codes. Modulation 

techniques. Practical performance-enhancements. 

Relativistic time dilations. Inverted navigation solutions. 

3. Navigation Solutions and Kalman Filtering 

Techniques. Taylor series expansions. Numerical 

iteration. Doppler shift solutions. Kalman filtering 

algorithms. 

4. Designing Effective GPS Receivers. The functions 

of a modern receiver. Antenna design techniques. Code 

tracking and carrier tracking loops. Commercial chipsets. 

Military receivers. Navigation solutions for orbiting 

satellites. 

5. Military Applications. Military test ranges. Tactical 

and strategic applications. Autonomy and survivability 

enhancements. Smart bombs and artillery projectiles.. 

6. Integrated Navigation Systems. Mechanical and 

strapdown implementations. Ring lasers and fiber-optic 

gyros. Integrated navigation systems. Military 

applications. 

7. Differential Navigation and Pseudosatellites. 

Special committee 104’s data exchange protocols. Global 

data distribution. Wide-area differential navigation. 

Pseudosatellites. International geosynchronous overlay 

satellites. The American WAAS, the European EGNOS, 

and the Japanese QZSS.. 

8. Carrier-Aided Solution Techniques. Attitudedetermination 

receivers. Spaceborne navigation for 

NASA’s Twin Grace satellites. Dynamic and kinematic 

orbit determination. Motorola’s spaceborne monarch 

receiver. Relativistic time-dilation derivations. Relativistic 

effects due to orbital eccentricity. 

9. The Navstar Satellites. Subsystem descriptions. 

On-orbit test results. Orbital perturbations and computer 

modeling techniques. Station-keeping maneuvers. Earthshadowing 

characteristics. The European Galileo, the 

Chinese Biedou/Compass, the Indian IRNSS, and the 

Japanese QZSS. 

10. Russia’s Glonass Constellation. Performance 

comparisons. Orbital mechanics considerations. The 

Glonass subsystems. Russia’s SL-12 Proton booster. 

Building dual-capability GPS/Glonass receivers. Glonass 

in the evening news. 



Guidance, Navigation & Control Engineering 

Summary 

In this highly structured 4-day short course – 

specifically tailored to the needs of busy engineers, 

scientists, managers, and aerospace professionals – 

Thomas S. Logsdon will provide you with new insights into 

the modern guidance, navigation, and control techniques 

now being perfected at key research centers around the 

globe. 

The various topics are illustrated with powerful 

analogies, full-color sketches, block diagrams, simple 

one-page derivations highlighting their salient features, 

and numerical examples that employ inputs from today’s 

battlefield rockets, orbiting satellites, and deep-space 

missions. These lessons are carefully laid out to help you 

design and implement practical performance-optimal 

missions and test procedures. 

Instructor 

Thomas S. Logsdon has accumulated more than 30 

years experience with the Naval Ordinance 

Laboratory, McDonnell Douglas, Lockheed 

Martin, Boeing Aerospace, and Rockwell 

International. His research projects and 

consulting assignments have included the 

Tartar and Talos shipboard missiles, 

Project Skylab, and various deep space 

interplanetary probes and missions. 

Mr. Logsdon has also worked extensively on the 

Navstar GPS, including military applications, constellation 

design and coverage studies. He has taught and lectured 

in 31 different countries on six continents and he has 

written and published 1.7 million words, including 29 

technical books. His textbooks include Striking It Rich in 

Space, Understanding the Navstar, Mobile 

Communication Satellites, and Orbital Mechanics: Theory 

and Applications. 

Dr. Walter R. Dyer is a graduate of UCLA, with a Ph.D. 

degree in Control Systems Engineering 

and Applied Mathematics. He has over 

thirty years of industry, government and 

academic experience in the analysis and 

design of tactical and strategic missiles. 

His experience includes Standard Missile, 

Stinger, AMRAAM, HARM, MX, Small 

ICBM, and ballistic missile defense. He is 

currently a Senior Staff Member at the Johns Hopkins 

University Applied Physics Laboratory and was formerly 

the Chief Technologist at the Missile Defense Agency in 

Washington, DC. 


• What are the key differences between gimballing and 

strapdown Intertial Navigation Systems? 

• How are transfer alignment operations being carried out 

on modern battlefields? 

• How sensitive are today’s solid state accelerometers 

and how are they currently being designed? 

• What is a covariance matrix and how can it be used in 

evaluating the performance capabilities of Integrated 

GPS/INS Navigation Systems? 

• How do the Paveway IV smart bombs differ from their 

predecessors? 

• What are their key performance capabilities in practical 

battlefield situations? 

• What is the deep space network and how does it handle 

its demanding missions? 

January 23-26, 2012 




$1890 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 




1. Inertial Navigation Systems. Fundamental 

Concepts. Schuller pendulum errors. Strapdown 

implementations. Ring laser gyros. The Sagnac effect. 

Monolithic ring laser gyros. Fiber optic gyros. Advanced 

strapdown implementations. 

2. Radionavigation’s Precise Position-Fixing 

Techniques. Active and passive radionavigation systems. 

Pseudoranging solutions. Nanosecond timing accuracies. 

The quantum-mechanical principles of cesium and 

rubidium atomic clocks. Solving for the user’s position. 

3. Integrated Navigation Systems. Intertial 

navigation. Gimballing and strapdown navigation. Openloop 

and closed-loop implementations. Transfer alignment 

techniques. Kalman filters and their state variable 

selections. Test results. 

4. Hardware Units for Inertial Navigation. Solid-state 

accelerometers. Initializing today’s strapdown inertial 

navigation systems. Coordinate rotations and direction 

cosine matrices. Advanced strapdown concepts. 

Hardware units. Spaceborne inertial navigation systems. 

5. Military Applications of Integrated Navigation. 

Translator implementations at military test ranges. Military 

performance specifications. Military test results. Tactical 

applications. The Trident Accuracy Improvement Program. 

Tomahawk cruise missiles. 

6. Navigation Solutions and Kalman Filtering 

Techniques. Ultra precise navigation solutions. Solving 

for the user’s velocity. Evaluating the geometrical dillusion 

of precision. Kalman filtering techniques. The covariance 

matrices and their physical interpretations. Typical state 

variable selections. Monte Carlo simulations. 

7. Smart bombs, Guided Missiles, and Artillery 

Projectiles. Beam-riders and their destructive potential. 

Smart bombs and their demonstrated accuracies. Smart 

and rugged artillery projectiles. The Paveway IV smart 

bombs. 

8. Spaceborne Applications of Integrated 

Navigation Systems. On-orbit position-fixing on early 

satellites. The Twin Grace satellites. Guiding tomorrow’s 

booster rockets. Attitude determinations for the 

International Space Station. Cesium fountain clocks in 

space. Relativistic corrections for radionavigation 

satellites. 

9. Today’s Guidance and Control for Deep Space 

Missions. Putting ICBM’s through their paces. Guiding 

tomorrow’s highly demanding missions from the Earth to 

Mars. JPL’s awesome new interplanetary pinball 

machines. JPL’s deep space network. Autonomous robots 

swarming along the space frontier. Driving along 

tomorrow’s unpaved freeways in the sky. 


March 26-28, 2012 


$1795 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 



Summary 

This three-day short course covers the fundamentals of 

missile design, development, and system engineering. The 

course provides a system-level, integrated method for missile 

aerodynamic configuration/propulsion design and analysis. It 

addresses the broad range of 

alternatives in meeting cost, 

performance and risk requirements. 

The methods presented are generally 

simple closed-form analytical 

expressions that are physics-based, to 

provide insight into the primary driving 

parameters. Configuration sizing 

examples are presented for rocketpowered, 

ramjet-powered, and turbo-jet 

powered baseline missiles. Typical 

values of missile parameters and the 

characteristics of current operational 

missiles are discussed as well as the enabling subsystems and 

technologies for missiles and the current/projected state-of-theart. 

Sixty-six videos illustrate missile development activities and 

missile performance. Daily roundtable discussion. Attendees 

will vote on the relative emphasis of the material to be 

presented. Attendees receive course notes as well as the 

textbook, Tactical Missile Design, 2nd edition. 

Instructor 

Eugene L. Fleeman has 47 years of government, 

industry, academia, and consulting 

experience in missile system and 

technology development. Formerly a 

manager of missile programs at Air Force 

Research Laboratory, Rockwell 

International, Boeing, and Georgia Tech, 

he is an international lecturer on missiles 

and the author of over 100 publications, including the AIAA 

textbook, Tactical Missile Design. 2nd Ed. 


• Key drivers in the missile design and system engineering 

process. 

• Critical tradeoffs, methods and technologies in subsystems, 

aerodynamic, propulsion, and structure sizing. 

• Launch platform-missile integration. 

• Robustness, lethality, guidance navigation & control, 

accuracy, observables, survivability, reliability, and cost 

considerations. 

• Missile sizing examples. 

• Missile development process. 


The course is oriented toward the needs of missile 

engineers, systems engineers, analysts, marketing 

personnel, program managers, university professors, and 

others working in the area of missile systems and technology 

development. Attendees will gain an understanding of missile 

design, missile technologies, launch platform integration, 

missile system measures of merit, and the missile system 

development process. 

Missile System Design 


1. Introduction/Key Drivers in the Missile Design and 

System Engineering Process: Overview of missile design 

process. Examples of system-of-systems integration. Unique 

characteristics of missiles. Key aerodynamic configuration sizing 

parameters. Missile conceptual design synthesis process. Examples 

of processes to establish mission requirements. Projected capability 

in command, control, communication, computers, intelligence, 

surveillance, reconnaissance (C4ISR). Example of Pareto analysis. 

Attendees vote on course emphasis. 

2. Aerodynamic Considerations in Missile Design and 

System Engineering: Optimizing missile aerodynamics. Shapes for 

low observables. Missile configuration layout (body, wing, tail) 

options. Selecting flight control alternatives. Wing and tail sizing. 

Predicting normal force, drag, pitching moment, stability, control 

effectiveness, lift-to-drag ratio, and hinge moment. Maneuver law 

alternatives. 

3. Propulsion Considerations in Missile Design and 

System Engineering: Turbojet, ramjet, scramjet, ducted rocket, 

and rocket propulsion comparisons. Turbojet engine design 

considerations, prediction and sizing. Selecting ramjet engine, 

booster, and inlet alternatives. Ramjet performance prediction and 

sizing. High density fuels. Solid propellant alternatives. Propellant 

grain cross section trade-offs. Effective thrust magnitude control. 

Reducing propellant observables. Rocket motor performance 

prediction and sizing. Motor case and nozzle materials. 

4. Weight Considerations in Missile Design and System 

Engineering: How to size subsystems to meet flight performance 

requirements. Structural design criteria factor of safety. Structure 

concepts and manufacturing processes. Selecting airframe 

materials. Loads prediction. Weight prediction. Airframe and motor 

case design. Aerodynamic heating prediction and insulation trades. 

Dome material alternatives and sizing. Power supply and actuator 

alternatives and sizing. 

5. Flight Performance Considerations in Missile Design 

and System Engineering: Flight envelope limitations. Aerodynamic 

sizing-equations of motion. Accuracy of simplified equations of 

motion. Maximizing flight performance. Benefits of flight trajectory 

shaping. Flight performance prediction of boost, climb, cruise, coast, 

steady descent, ballistic, maneuvering, and homing flight. 

6. Measures of Merit and Launch Platform Integration / 

System Engineering: Achieving robustness in adverse weather. 

Seeker, navigation, data link, and sensor alternatives. Seeker range 

prediction. Counter-countermeasures. Warhead alternatives and 

lethality prediction. Approaches to minimize collateral damage. 

Fusing alternatives and requirements for fuze angle and time delay. 

Alternative guidance laws. Proportional guidance accuracy 

prediction. Time constant contributors and prediction. 

Maneuverability design criteria. Radar cross section and infrared 

signature prediction. Survivability considerations. Insensitive 

munitions. Enhanced reliability. Cost drivers of schedule, weight, 

learning curve, and parts count. EMD and production cost 

prediction. Designing within launch platform constraints. Internal vs. 

external carriage. Shipping, storage, carriage, launch, and 

separation environment considerations. Launch platform interfaces. 

Cold and solar environment temperature prediction. 

7. Sizing Examples and Sizing Tools: Trade-offs for extended 

range rocket. Sizing for enhanced maneuverability. Developing a 

harmonized missile. Lofted range prediction. Ramjet missile sizing 

for range robustness. Ramjet fuel alternatives. Ramjet velocity 

control. Correction of turbojet thrust and specific impulse. Turbojet 

missile sizing for maximum range. Turbojet engine rotational speed. 

Computer aided sizing tools for conceptual design. Soda straw 

rocket design-build-fly competition. House of quality process. 

Design of experiment process. 

8. Missile Development Process: Design 

validation/technology development process. Developing a 

technology roadmap. History of transformational technologies. 

Funding emphasis. Alternative proposal win strategies. New missile 

follow-on projections. Examples of development tests and facilities. 

Example of technology demonstration flight envelope. Examples of 

technology development. New technologies for missiles. 

9. Summary and Lessons Learned. 



Propulsion, Guidance, Control, Seekers, and Technology 

Summary 

This four-day course presents a broad introduction to 

major missile subsystems and their integrated performance, 

explained in practical terms, but including relevant analytical 

methods. While emphasis is on today’s homing missiles and 

future trends, the course includes a historical perspective of 

relevant older missiles. Both endoatmospheric and 

exoatmospheric missiles (missiles that operate in the 

atmosphere and in space) are addressed. Missile propulsion, 

guidance, control, and seekers are covered, and their roles 

and interactions in integrated missile operation are explained. 

The types and applications of missile simulation and testing 

are presented. Comparisons of autopilot designs, guidance 

approaches, seeker alternatives, and instrumentation for 

various purposes are presented. The course is recommended 

for analysts, engineers, and technical managers who want to 

broaden their understanding of modern missiles and missile 

systems. The analytical descriptions require some technical 

background, but practical explanations can be appreciated by 

all students. 

Instructor 

Dr. Walter R. Dyer is a graduate of UCLA, with a Ph.D. 

degree in Control Systems Engineering and Applied 

Mathematics. He has over thirty years of 

industry, government and academic 

experience in the analysis and design of 

tactical and strategic missiles. His experience 

includes Standard Missile, Stinger, AMRAAM, 

HARM, MX, Small ICBM, and ballistic missile 

defense. He is currently a Senior Staff 

Member at the Johns Hopkins University 

Applied Physics Laboratory and was formerly the Chief 

Technologist at the Missile Defense Agency in Washington, 

DC. He has authored numerous industry and government 

reports and published prominent papers on missile 

technology. He has also taught university courses in 

engineering at both the graduate and undergraduate levels. 


You will gain an understanding of the design and analysis 

of homing missiles and the integrated performance of their 

subsystems. 

• Missile propulsion and control in the atmosphere and in 

space. 

• Clear explanation of homing guidance. 

• Types of missile seekers and how they work. 

• Missile testing and simulation. 

• Latest developments and future trends. 

October 24-27, 2011 


$1890 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. Introduction. Brief history of Missiles. Types of 

guided missiles. Introduction to ballistic missile defense. - 

Endoatmospheric and exoatmospheric missile operation. 

Missile basing. Missile subsystems overview. Warheads, 

lethality and hit-to-kill. Power and power conditioning. 

2. Missile Propulsion. The rocket equation. Solid and 

liquid propulsion. Single stage and multistage boosters. 

Ramjets and scramjets. Axial propulsion. Divert and 

attitude control systems. Effects of gravity and 

atmospheric drag. 

3. Missile Airframes, Autopilots And Control. 

Phases of missile flight. Purpose and functions of 

autopilots. Missile control configurations. Autopilot design. 

Open-loop autopilots. Inertial instruments and feedback. 

Autopilot response, stability, and agility. Body modes and 

rate saturation. Roll control and induced roll in high 

performance missiles. Radomes and their effects on 

missile control. Adaptive autopilots. Rolling airframe 

missiles. 

4. Exoatmospheric Missiles For Ballistic Missile 

Defense. Exoatmospheric missile autopilots, propulsion 

and attitude control. Pulse width modulation. Exoatmospheric 

missile autopilots. Limit cycles. 

5. Missile Guidance. Seeker types and operation for 

endo- and exo-atmospheric missiles. Passive, active and 

semi active missile guidance. Radar basics and radar 

seekers. Passive sensing basics and passive seekers. 

Scanning seekers and focal plane arrays. Seeker 

comparisons and tradeoffs for different missions. Signal 

processing and noise reduction 

6. Missile Seekers. Boost and midcourse guidance. 

Zero effort miss. Proportional navigation and augmented 

proportional navigation. Biased proportional navigation. 

Predictive guidance. Optimum homing guidance. 

Guidance filters. Homing guidance examples and 

simulation results. Miss distance comparisons with 

different homing guidance laws. Sources of miss and miss 

reduction. Beam rider, pure pursuit, and deviated pursuit 

guidance. 

7. Simulation And Its Applications. Current 

simulation capabilities and future trends. Hardware in the 

loop. Types of missile testing and their uses, advantages 

and disadvantages of testing alternatives. 


Multi-Target Tracking and Multi-Sensor Data Fusion 

Revised With 

Newly Added 

Topics 

Summary 

The objective of this course is to introduce 

engineers, scientists, managers and military 

operations personnel to the fields of target 

tracking and data fusion, and to the key 

technologies which are available today for 

application to this field. The course is designed 

to be rigorous where appropriate, while 

remaining accessible to students without a 

specific scientific background in this field. The 

course will start from the fundamentals and 

move to more advanced concepts. This course 

will identify and characterize the principle 

components of typical tracking systems. A 

variety of techniques for addressing different 

aspects of the data fusion problem will be 

described. Real world examples will be used to 

emphasize the applicability of some of the 

algorithms. Specific illustrative examples will 

be used to show the tradeoffs and systems 

issues between the application of different 

techniques. 

Instructor 

Stan Silberman is a member of the Senior 

Technical Staff at the Johns Hopkins Univeristy 

Applied Physics Laboratory. He has over 30 

years of experience in tracking, sensor fusion, 

and radar systems analysis and design for the 

Navy,Marine Corps, Air Force, and FAA. 

Recent work has included the integration of a 

new radar into an existing multisensor system 

and in the integration, using a multiple 

hypothesis approach, of shipboard radar and 

ESM sensors. Previous experience has 

included analysis and design of multiradar 

fusion systems, integration of shipboard 

sensors including radar, IR and ESM, 

integration of radar, IFF, and time-difference-ofarrival 

sensors with GPS data sources. 



$1690 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. Introduction. 

2. The Kalman Filter. 

3. Other Linear Filters. 

4. Non-Linear Filters. 

5. Angle-Only Tracking. 

6. Maneuvering Targets: Adaptive Techniques. 

7. Maneuvering Targets: Multiple Model 

Approaches. 

8. Single Target Correlation & Association. 

9. Track Initiation, Confirmation & Deletion. 

10. Using Measured Range Rate (Doppler). 

11. Multitarget Correlation & Association. 

12. Probabilistic Data Association. 

13. Multiple Hypothesis Approaches. 

14. Coordinate Conversions. 

15. Multiple Sensors. 

16. Data Fusion Architectures. 

17. Fusion of Data From Multiple Radars. 

18. Fusion of Data From Multiple Angle-Only 

Sensors. 

19. Fusion of Data From Radar and Angle-Only 

Sensor. 

20. Sensor Alignment. 

21. Fusion of Target Type and Attribute Data. 

22. Performance Metrics. 


• State Estimation Techniques – Kalman Filter, 

constant-gain filters. 

• Non-linear filtering – When is it needed? Extended 

Kalman Filter. 

• Techniques for angle-only tracking. 

• Tracking algorithms, their advantages and 

limitations, including: 

- Nearest Neighbor 

- Probabilistic Data Association 

- Multiple Hypothesis Tracking 

- Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) 

• How to handle maneuvering targets. 

• Track initiation – recursive and batch approaches. 

• Architectures for sensor fusion. 

• Sensor alignment – Why do we need it and how do 

we do it? 

• Attribute Fusion, including Bayesian methods, 

Dempster-Shafer, Fuzzy Logic. 


Solid Rocket Motor Design and Applications 

For onsite presentations, course can be tailored 

to specific SRM applications and technologies. 

Summary 

This three-day course provides an overall look - with 

increasing levels of details-at solid rocket motors (SRMs) 

including a general understanding of solid propellant motor 

and component technologies, design drivers; motor internal 

ballistic parameters and combustion phenomena; sensitivity 

of system performance requirements on SRM design, 

reliability, and cost; insight into the physical limitations; 

comparisons to liquid and hybrid propulsion systems; a 

detailed review of component design and analysis; critical 

manufacturing process parameters; transportation and 

handling, and integration of motors into launch vehicles and 

missiles. General approaches used in the development of 

new motors. Also discussed is the importance of employing 

formal systems engineering practices, for the definition of 

requirements, design and cost trade studies, development 

of technologies and associated analyses and codes used to 

balance customer and manufacturer requirements, 

All types of SRMs are included, with emphasis on current 

and recently developed motors for commercial and 

DoD/NASA launch vehicles such as Lockheed Martin's 

Athena series, Orbital Sciences' Pegasus and Taurus 

series, the strap-on motors for the Delta series (III and IV), 

Titan V, and the propulsion systems for Ares / Constellation 

vehicle. The course summarizes the use of surplus military 

motors (including Minuteman, Peacekeeper, etc.) for DoD 

target and sensor development and university research 

programs. 

Instructor 

Richard Lee Lee has more than 43 years in the 

space and missile industry. He was a Senior Program 

Mgr. at Thiokol, instrumental in the development of the 

Castor 120 SRM. His experience includes managing 

the development and qualification of DoD SRM 

subsystems and components for the Small ICBM, 

Peacekeeper and other R&D programs. Mr. Lee has 

extensive experience in SRM performance and 

interface requirements at all levels in the space and 

missile industry. He has been very active in 

coordinating functional and physical interfaces with the 

commercial spaceports in Florida, California, and 

Alaska. He has participated in developing safety 

criteria with academia, private industry and 

government agencies (USAF SMC, 45th Space Wing 

and Research Laboratory; FAA/AST; NASA 

Headquarters and NASA centers; and the Army Space 

and Strategic Defense Command. He has also 

consulted with launch vehicle contractors in the design, 

material selection, and testing of SRM propellants and 

components. Mr. Lee has a MS in Engineering 

Administration and a BS in EE from the University of 

Utah. 


• Solid rocket motor principles and key requirements. 

• Motor design drivers and sensitivity on the design, 

reliability, and cost. 

• Detailed propellant and component design features 

and characteristics. 

• Propellant and component manufacturing processes. 

• SRM/Vehicle interfaces, transportation, and handling 

considerations. 

• Development approach for qualifying new SRMs. 


Huntsville, Alabama 

$1690 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. Introduction to Solid Rocket Motors (SRMs). SRM 

terminology and nomenclature, survey of types and 

applications of SRMs, and SRM component description and 


2. SRM Design and Applications. Fundamental principles 

of SRMs, key performance and configuration parameters 

such as total impulse, specific impulse, thrust vs. motor 

operating time, size constraints; basic performance 

equations, internal ballistic principles, preliminary approach 

for designing SRMs; propellant combustion characteristics 

(instability, burning rate), limitations of SRMs based on the 

laws of physics, and comparison of solid to liquid propellant 

and hybrid rocket motors. 

3. Definition of SRM Requirements. Impact of 

customer/system imposed requirements on design, reliability, 

and cost; SRM manufacturer imposed requirements and 

constraints based on computer optimization codes and 

general engineering practices and management philosophy. 

4. SRM Design Drivers and Technology Trade-Offs. 

Identification and sensitivity of design requirements that affect 

motor design, reliability, and cost. Understanding of , 

interrelationship of performance parameters, component 

design trades versus cost and maturity of technology; 

exchange ratios and Rules of Thumb used in back-of-the 

envelope preliminary design evaluations. 

5. Key SRM Component Design Characteristics and 

Materials. Detailed description and comparison of 

performance parameters and properties of solid propellants 

including composite (i.e., HTPB, PBAN, and CTPB), nitroplasticized 

composites, and double based or cross-linked 

propellants and why they are used for different motor and/or 

vehicle objectives and applications; motor cases, nozzles, 

thrust vector control & actuation systems; motor igniters, and 

other initiation and flight termination electrical and ordnance 

systems.. 

6. SRM Manufacturing/Processing Parameters. 

Description of critical manufacturing operations for propellant 

mixing, propellant loading into the SRM, propellant inspection 

and acceptance testing, and propellant facilities and tooling, 

and SRM components fabrication. 

7. SRM Transportation and Handling Considerations. 

General understanding of requirements and solutions for 

transporting, handling, and processing different motor sizes 

and DOT propellant explosive classifications and licensing 

and regulations. 

8. Launch Vehicle Interfaces, Processing and 

Integration. Key mechanical, functional, and electrical 

interfaces between the SRM and launch vehicle and launch 

facility. Comparison of interfaces for both strap-on and straight 

stack applications. 

9. SRM Development Requirements and Processes. 

Approaches and timelines for developing new SRMs. 

Description of a demonstration and qualification program for 

both commercial and government programs. Impact of 

decisions regarding design philosophy (state-of-the-art versus 

advanced technology) and design safety factors. Motor sizing 

methodology and studies (using computer aided design 

models). Customer oversight and quality program. Motor cost 

reduction approaches through design, manufacturing, and 

acceptance. Castor 120 motor development example. 


Space Mission Analysis and Design 

Summary 

This three-day class is intended for both 

students and professionals in astronautics and 

space science. It is appropriate for engineers, 

scientists, and managers trying to obtain the best 

mission possible within a limited budget and for 

students working on advanced design projects or 

just beginning in space systems engineering. It is 

the indispensable traveling companion for 

seasoned veterans or those just beginning to 

explore the highways and by-ways of space 

mission engineering. Each student will be 

provided with a copy of Space Mission Analysis 

and Design [Third Edition], for his or her own 

professional reference library. 

Instructor 

Edward L. Keith is a multi-discipline Launch 

Vehicle System Engineer, specializing 

in the integration of launch vehicle 

technology, design, and business 

strategies. He is currently conducting 

business case strategic analysis, risk 

reduction and modeling for the Boeing 

Space Launch Initiative Reusable 

Launch Vehicle team. For the past five years, Ed 

has supported the technical and business case 

efforts at Boeing to advance the state-of-the-art for 

reusable launch vehicles. Mr. Keith has designed 

complete rocket engines, rocket vehicles, small 

propulsion systems, and composite propellant tank 

systems, especially designed for low cost, as a 

propulsion and launch vehicle engineer. His travels 

have taken him to Russia, China, Australia and 

many other launch operation centers throughout the 

world. Mr. Keith has worked as a Systems Engineer 

for Rockwell International, on the Brillant Eyes 

Satellite Program and on the Space Shuttle 

Advanced Solid Rocket Motor project. Mr. Keith 

served for five years with Aerojet in Australia, 

evaluating all space mission operations that 

originated in the Eastern Hemisphere. Mr. Keith also 

served for five years on Launch Operations at 

Vandenberg AFB, California. Mr. Keith has written 

18 papers on various aspects of Low Cost Space 

Transportation over the last decade. 

October 18-20, 2011 

Huntsville, Alabama 



$1795 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. The Space Missions Analysis and Design 

Process 

2. Mission Characterization 

3. Mission Evaluation 

4. Requirements Definition 

5. Space Mission Geometry 

6. Introduction to Astro-dynamics 

7. Orbit and Constellation Design 

8. The Space Environment and Survivability 

9. Space Payload Design and Sizing 

10. Spacecraft Design and Sizing 

11. Spacecraft Subsystems 

12. Space Manufacture and Test 

13. Communications Architecture 

14. Mission Operations 

15. Ground System Design and Sizing 

16. Spacecraft Computer Systems 

17. Space Propulsion Systems 

18. Launch Systems 

19. Space Manufacturing and Reliability 

20. Cost Modeling 

21. Limits on Mission Design 

22. Design of Low-Cost Spacecraft 

23. Applying Space Mission Analysis and 

Design 


• Conceptual mission design. 

• Defining top-level mission requirements. 

• Mission operational concepts. 

• Mission operations analysis and design. 

• Estimating space system costs. 

• Spacecraft design development, verification 

and validation. 

• System design review . 


Fundamentals 

October 17-18, 2011 




Instructor: 

Dr. Keith Raney 

$1090 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 


• Basic concepts and principles of SAR. 

• What are the key system parameters. 

• Design and implementation tradeoffs. 

• Current system performance. Emerging 

systems. 


1. SAR Imagery: Mechanisms and Effects. Backscatter. SAR, 

from backscatter through the radar and processor to imagery. Side- 

(and down-) looking geometry. Slant-range to ground-range 

conversion. The microwave spectrum. Frequency and wavelength. 

Effects of wavelength. Specular (forward and backward), discrete, and 

diffuse scattering. Shadowing. Cardinal effect. Bragg scattering. 

Speckle; its cause and mitigation. The Washington Monument. 

2. Applications Overview. SAR milestones and pivotal 

contributions. Typical SAR designs and modes, ranging from 

pioneering classic, single channel, strip mapping systems to more 

advanced wide-swath, polarimetric, spotlight, and interferometric 

designs. A survey of important applications and how they influence the 

SAR system. Examples will be drawn from SeaSat, Radarsat-1/2, 

ERS-1/2, Magellan (at Venus), and TerraSAR-X, among others. 

3. System Design Principles. Part I, Engineering Perspective: 

System design of an orbital SAR depends on classical electromagnetic 

and related physical principles, which will be concisely reviewed. The 

SAR radar equation. Sampling, which leads to the dominant SAR 

design constraint (the range-Doppler ambiguity trade-off) impacts 

fundamental parameters including resolution, swath width, signal-to- 

(additive) noise ratio, signal-to-speckle (a multiplicative noise) ratio, 

and ambiguity ratios. Part II, User Perspective: Complex vs real 

(power or square-root power) imagery. Noise-equivalent sigma-zero. 

The SAR Greed Factor. The six Axioms that describe top-level SAR 

properties from the user’s perspective. The SAR Image Quality 

parameter (the fundamental resolution-multi-look metric of interest to 

the user) will be described, and its influence will be reviewed on 

system design and image utility.. 

4. SAR Polarimetry. Electromagnetic polarimetric basics. A review 

of the polarimetric combinations available for SAR architecture, 

including single-polarization, dual polarization, compact polarimetry, 

and full (or quadrature) polarimetry. Benefits and disadvantages of 

polarimetric SARs. Hybrid-polarimetric radars. Examples of typical 

applications. “Free” applications and analysis tools. Future outlook. 

5. SAR Interferometry. Electromagnetic polarimetric basics. A 

review of the polarimetric combinations available for SAR architecture, 

including single-polarization, dual polarization, compact polarimetry, 

and full (or quadrature) polarimetry. Benefits and disadvantages of 

polarimetric SARs. Hybrid-polarimetric radars. Examples of typical 

applications. “Free” applications and analysis tools. Future outlook. 

6. Current Orbital SARs. These include Europe’s ENVISAT, 

Canada’s Radarsat-2, Germany’s TerraSAR-X and Tandem-X. With 

requests from students in advance, any (unclassified) orbital SAR may 

be presented as a case study. 

7. Future Orbital SARs. Important examples include ALOS-2 

(Japan), RISAT-1 (India), SAOCOM (Argentina), and the Radarsat 

Constellation Mission (Canada). With advance notice from prospective 

students, any known forthcoming mission could be presented as a 

case study. 

8. Open Questions and Discussion. Overview of the best 

professional SAR conferences. Topics raised by participants will be 

discussed, as interest and curiosity indicate. 

Synthetic Aperture Radar 

Advanced 

October 19-20, 2011 




Instructor: 

Bart Huxtable 

$1090 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 


• How to process data from SAR systems for 

high resolution, wide area coverage, 

interferometric and/or polarimetric applications. 

• How to design and build high performance 

SAR processors. 

• Perform SAR data calibration. 

• Ground moving target indication (GMTI) in a 

SAR context. 

• Current state-of-the-art. 


1. SAR Review Origins. Theory, Design, 

Engineering, Modes, Applications, System. 

2. Processing Basics. Traditional strip map 

processing steps, theoretical justification, 

processing systems designs, typical processing 

systems. 

3. Advanced SAR Processing. Processing 

complexities arising from uncompensated motion 

and low frequency (e.g., foliage penetrating) SAR 

processing. 

4. Interferometric SAR. Description of the stateof-the-art 

IFSAR processing techniques: complex 

SAR image registration, interferogram and 

correlogram generation, phase unwrapping, and 

digital terrain elevation data (DTED) extraction. 

5. Spotlight Mode SAR. Theory and 

implementation of high resolution imaging. 

Differences from strip map SAR imaging. 

6. Polarimetric SAR. Description of the image 

information provided by polarimetry and how this 

can be exploited for terrain classification, soil 

moisture, ATR, etc. 

7. High Performance Computing Hardware. 

Parallel implementations, supercomputers, compact 

DSP systems, hybrid opto-electronic system. 

8. SAR Data Calibration. Internal (e.g., caltones) 

and external calibrations, Doppler centroid 

aliasing, geolocation, polarimetric calibration, 

ionospheric effects. 

9. Example Systems and Applications. Spacebased: 

SIR-C, RADARSAT, ENVISAT, TerraSAR, 

Cosmo-Skymed, PalSAR. Airborne: AirSAR and 

other current systems. Mapping, change detection, 

polarimetry, interferometry. 


Tactical Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR) System Engineering 

Overview of leading-edge, ISR system-of-systems 

Summary 

This three-day course addresses System Engineering 

aspects associated with Intelligence, Surveillance & 

Reconnaissance (ISR) programs and. Application to 

security, target acquisition and tracking, terminal guidance 

for weapon systems, and seamless integration of 

distributed sensor heterogeneous systems with intuitive 

situational display is provided. The course is designed for 

the lead engineers; systems engineers, researchers, 

program managers, and government directors who desire 

a framework to solve the competing objectives relating to 

ISR & security missions relating to regional force 

protection, asset monitoring, and/or targeting. The course 

presents an overview of tactical scale ISR systems (and 

missions), requirements definition and tracking, and 

provides technical descriptions relating to underlying 

sensor technologies, ISR platform integration (e.g., UAVbased 

sensor systems), and measures of system 

performance with emphasis on system integration & test 

issues. Examples are given throughout the conduct of the 

course to allow for knowledgeable assessment of sensor 

systems, ISR platform integration, data exfiltration and 

network connectivity, along with discussion of the 

emerging integration of sensors with situational analyses 

(including sensor web enablement), application of open 

geospatial standards (OGC), and attendant enabling 

capabilities (consideration of sensor modalities, adaptive 

processing of data, and system “impact” considerations). 

Strategic and classified ISR aspects are not presented 

within this unclassified course. 


• How to analyze and implement ISR & security concerns 

and requirements with a comprehensive, state-of-theart 

ISR system response. 

• Understanding limitations and major issues associated 

with ISR systems. 

• ISR & security requirement development and tracking 

pertaining to tactical ISR systems, how to audit top-level 

requirements to system element implementations. 

• Sensor technologies and evaluation techniques for 

sensor modalities including: imagers (EO/IR), radar, 

laser radar, and other sensor modalities associated with 

tactical ISR missions. 

• Data communications architecture and networks; how to 

manage the distributed ISR assets and exfiltrate the 

vital data and data. 

• ISR system design objectives and key performance 

parameters. 

• Situational analyses and associated common operating 

display approaches; how best to interact with human 

decision makers. 

• Integration of multi-modal data to form comprehensive 

situational awareness. 

• Emerging standards associated with sensor integration 

and harmonization afforded via sensor web enablement 

technology. 

• Examples of effective tactical ISR systems. 

• Tools to support evaluation of ISR components, 

systems, requirements verification (and validation), and 

effective deployment and maintenance. 

• Modeling & simulation approaches to ISR requirements 

definition and responsive ISR system design(s); how to 

evaluate aspects of an ISR system prior to deployment 

and even prior to element development – how to find the 

ISR “gaps”. 

NEW! 

November 15-17, 2011 


$1690 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



Instructor 

Timothy D. Cole is president of a consulting firm. Mr. 

Cole has developed sensor & data 

exfiltration solutions employing EO/IR 

sensors with augmentation using low-cost 

wireless sensor nets. He has worked 

several sensor system programs that 

addressed ISR including military-based 

cuing of sensors, intelligence gathering, first 

responders, and border protection. Mr. Cole 

holds multiple degrees in Electrical 

Engineering as well as in Technical Management. He has 

been awarded the NASA Achievement Award and was a 

Technical Fellow at Northrop Grumman. He has authored 

over 25 papers associated with ISR sensors, signal 

processing, and modeling. 


1. Overview of ISR Systems. including definitions, 

approaches, and review of existing unclassified systems. 

2. Requirement Development, Tracking, and 

Responsive Design Implementation(s). 

3. Real-time Data Processing Functionality. 

4. Data Communication Systems for Tactical ISR. 

5. ISR Functionality. Target acquisition and tracking, 

including ATR. Target classification. Targeting systems 

(e.g., laser-guided ordnance). 

6. Tactical ISR Asset Platforms. Air-based (includes 

UAVs). Ground-based. Vehicle-based. 

7. Sensor Technologies, Capabilities, Evaluation 

Criteria, and Modeling Approach. Electro-optical 

imagers (EO/IR). Radar (including ultrawideband, UWB). 

Laser radar. Biochemical sensing. Acoustic monitoring. Ad 

hoc wireless sensor nodes (WSN). Application of sensor 

modalities to ISR. Tagging, tracking & Locating targets of 

interest (TTL). Non-cooperative target identification 

(NCID). 

8. Concurrent Operation and Cross-correlation of 

ISR Sensor Data Products to Form Comprehensive 

Evaluation of Current Status. 

9. Test & Evaluation Approach. 

10. Human Systems Integration and Human Factors 

Test & Evaluation. 

11. Modeling & Simulation of ISR System 

Performance. 

12. Service Oriented Architectures and IP 

Convergence. Sensor web enablement. Use of metadata. 

Sensor harmonization. Re-use and cooperative integration 

of ISR assets. 

13. Situational Analysis and Display. Standardization. 

Heuristic manipulation of ISR system operation and 

dataflow/processing. 

14. Case Studies: Tactical ISR System 

Implementation and Evaluation. 


Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Applications 

Engineering, Spectrum, and Regulatory Issues Associated with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 

Summary 

This one-day course is designed for engineers, 

aviation experts and project managers who wish to 

enhance their understanding of UAS. The course 

provides the "big picture" for those who work outside of 

the discipline. Each topic addresses real systems 

(Predator, Shadow, Warrior and others) and real-world 

problems and issues concerning the use and 

expansion of their applications. 

Instructor 

Mark N. Lewellen has nearly 25 years of experience 

with a wide variety of space, satellite and aviation 

related projects, including the 

Predator/Shadow/Warrior/Global Hawk 

UAVs, Orbcomm, Iridium, Sky Station, 

and aeronautical mobile telemetry 

systems. More recently he has been 

working in the exciting field of UAS. He is 

currently the Vice Chairman of a UAS 

Sub-group under Working Party 5B 

which is leading the US preparations to find new radio 

spectrum for UAS operations for the next World 

Radiocommunication Conference in 2011 under 

Agenda Item 1.3. He is also a technical advisor to the 

US State Department and a member of the National 

Committee which reviews and comments on all US 

submissions to international telecommunication 

groups, including the International Telecommunication 

Union (ITU). 


• Categories of current UAS and their aeronautical 

capabilities. 

• Major manufactures of UAS. 

• The latest developments and major components of 

a UAS. 

• What type of sensor data can UAS provide. 

• Regulatory and spectrum issues associated with 

UAS? 

• National Airspace System including the different 

classes of airspace. 

• How will UAS gain access to the National Airspace 

System (NAS). 

NEW! 

November 8, 2011 


February 28, 2012 


$700 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 


1. Historic Development of UAS Post 1960’s. 

2. Components and latest developments of a 

UAS. Ground Control Station, Radio Links (LOS 

and BLOS), UAV, Payloads. 

3. UAS Manufacturers. Domestic, International. 

4. Classes, Characteristics and Comparisons 

of UAS. 

5. Operational Scenarios for UAS. Phases of 

Flight, Federal Government Use of UAS, State 

and Local government use of UAS. Civil and 

commercial use of UAS. 

6. ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance and 

Reconnaissance) of UAS. Optical, Infrared, 

Radar. 

7. Comparative Study of the Safety of UAS. 

In the Air and On the ground. 

8. UAS Access to the National Airspace 

System (NAS). Overview of the NAS, Classes of 

Airspace, Requirements for Access to the NAS, 

Issues Being Addressed, Issues Needing to be 

Addressed. 

9. Bandwidth and Spectrum Issues. Bandwidth 

of single UAV, Aggregate bandwidth of UAS 

population. 

10. International UAS issues. WRC Process, 

Agenda Item 1.3 and Resolution 421. 

11. UAS Centers of Excellence. North Dakota, 

Las Cruses, NM, DoD. 

12. Worked Examples of Channeling Plans 

and Link/Interference Budgets. Shadow, Predator/Warrior. 

13. UAS Interactive Deployment Scenarios. 


Antenna and Array Fundamentals 

Basic concepts in antennas, antenna arrays, and antennas systems 

Summary 

This three-day course teaches the basics of 

antenna and antenna array theory. Fundamental 

concepts such as beam patterns, radiation resistance, 

polarization, gain/directivity, aperture size, reciprocity, 

and matching techniques are presented. Different 

types of antennas such as dipole, loop, patch, horn, 

dish, and helical antennas are discussed and 

compared and contrasted from a performanceapplications 

standpoint. The locations of the reactive 

near-field, radiating near-field (Fresnel region), and farfield 

(Fraunhofer region) are described and the Friis 

transmission formula is presented with worked 

examples. Propagation effects are presented. Antenna 

arrays are discussed, and array factors for different 

types of distributions (e.g., uniform, binomial, and 

Tschebyscheff arrays) are analyzed giving insight to 

sidelobe levels, null locations, and beam broadening 

(as the array scans from broadside.) The end-fire 

condition is discussed. Beam steering is described 

using phase shifters and true-time delay devices. 

Problems such as grating lobes, beam squint, 

quantization errors, and scan blindness are presented. 

Antenna systems (transmit/receive) with active 

amplifiers are introduced. Finally, measurement 

techniques commonly used in anechoic chambers are 

outlined. The textbook, Antenna Theory, Analysis & 

Design, is included as well as a comprehensive set of 


1. Basic Concepts In Antenna Theory. Beam 

patterns, radiation resistance, polarization, 

gain/directivity, aperture size, reciprocity, and matching 

techniques. 

2. Locations. Reactive near-field, radiating nearfield 

(Fresnel region), far-field (Fraunhofer region) and 

the Friis transmission formula. 

3. Types of Antennas. Dipole, loop, patch, horn, 

dish, and helical antennas are discussed, compared, 

and contrasted from a performance/applications 

standpoint. 

4. Propagation Effects. Direct, sky, and ground 

waves. Diffraction and scattering. 

5. Antenna Arrays and Array Factors. (e.g., 

uniform, binomial, and Tschebyscheff arrays). 

6. Scanning From Droadside. Sidelobe levels, 

null locations, and beam broadening. The end-fire 

condition. Problems such as grating lobes, beam 

squint, quantization errors, and scan blindness. 

7. Beam Steering. Phase shifters and true-time 

delay devices. Some commonly used components and 

delay devices (e.g., the Rotman lens) are compared. 

8. Measurement Techniques Ised In Anechoic 

Chambers. Pattern measurements, polarization 

patterns, gain comparison test, spinning dipole (for CP 

measurements). Items of concern relative to anechoic 

chambers such as the quality of the absorbent 

material, quiet zone, and measurement errors. 

Compact, outdoor, and near-field ranges. 

9. Questions and Answers. 

course notes. What You Will Learn 

• Basic antenna concepts that pertain to all antennas 

Instructor 

Dr. Steven Weiss is a senior design engineer with 

the Army Research Lab. He has a Bachelor’s degree in 

Electrical Engineering from the Rochester Institute of 

Technology with Master’s and Doctoral Degrees from 

The George Washington University. He has numerous 

publications in the IEEE on antenna theory. He teaches 

both introductory and advanced, graduate level 

courses at Johns Hopkins University on antenna 

systems. He is active in the IEEE. In his job at the Army 

Research Lab, he is actively involved with all stages of 

antenna development from initial design, to first 

prototype, to measurements. He is a licensed 

Professional Engineer in both Maryland and Delaware. 

November 15-17, 2011 




$1795 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 



and antenna arrays. 

• The appropriate antenna for your application. 

• Factors that affect antenna array designs and 

antenna systems. 

• Measurement techniques commonly used in 

anechoic chambers. 

This course is invaluable to engineers seeking to 

work with experts in the field and for those desiring 

a deeper understanding of antenna concepts. At its 

completion, you will have a solid understanding of 

the appropriate antenna for your application and 

the technical difficulties you can expect to 

encounter as your design is brought from the 

conceptual stage to a working prototype. 


NEW! 

Computational Electromagnetics 

Summary 

This 3-day course teaches the basics of CEM with 

electromagnetics review and application examples. 

Fundamental concepts in the solution of EM radiation 

and scattering problems are presented. Emphasis is 

on applying computational methods to practical 

applications. You will develop a working knowledge of 

popular methods such as the FEM, MOM, FDTD, FIT, 

and TLM including asymptotic and hybrid methods. 

Students will then be able to identify the most relevant 

CEM method for various applications, avoid common 

user pitfalls, understand model validation and correctly 

interpret results. Students are 

encouraged to bring their laptop to 

work examples using the provided 

FEKO Lite code. You will learn the 

importance of model development 

and meshing, post-processing for 

scientific visualization and 

presentation of results. Participants 

will receive a complete set of notes, a copy of FEKO 

and textbook, CEM for RF and Microwave 

Engineering. 

Instructor 

Dr. Keefe Coburn is a senior design engineer with 

the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. 

He has a Bachelor's degree in Physics 

from the VA Polytechnic Institute with 

Masters and Doctoral Degrees from 

the George Washington University. In 

his job at the Army Research Lab, he 

applies CEM tools for antenna design, 

system integration and system performance analysis. 

He teaches graduate courses at the Catholic University 

of America in antenna theory and remote sensing. He 

is a member of the IEEE, the Applied Computational 

Electromagnetics Society (ACES), the Union of Radio 

Scientists and Sigma Xi. He serves on the 

Configuration Control Board for the Army developed 

GEMACS CEM code and the ACES Board of Directors. 


• A review of electromagnetic, antenna and scattering 

theory with modern application examples. 

• An overview of popular CEM methods with 

commercial codes as examples. 

• Tutorials for numerical algorithms. 

• Hands-on experience with FEKO Lite to demonstrate 

wire antennas, modeling guidelines and common 

user pitfalls. 

• An understanding of the latest developments in CEM, 

hybrid methods and High Performance Computing. 

From this course you will obtain the knowledge 

required to become a more expert user. You will 

gain exposure to popular CEM codes and learn 

how to choose the best tool for specific 

applications. You will be better prepared to 

interact meaningfully with colleagues, evaluate 

CEM accuracy for practical applications, and 

understand the literature. 

January 10-12, 2012 


$1795 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. Review of Electromagnetic Theory. 

Maxwell’s Equations, wave equation, Duality, 

Surface Equivalence Principle, boundary 

conditions, dielectrics and lossy media. 

2. Basic Concepts in Antenna Theory. 

Gain/Directivity, apertures, reciprocity and phasors. 

3. Basic Concepts in Scattering Theory. 

Reflection and transmission, Brewster and critical 

angles, RCS, scattering mechanisms and canonical 

shapes, frequency dependence. 

4. Antenna Systems. Various antenna types, 

feed systems, array antennas and beam steering, 

periodic structures, electromagnetic symmetry, 

system integration and performance analysis. 

5. Overview of Computational Methods in 

Electromagnetics. Introduction to frequency and 

time domain methods. Compare and contrast 

differential/volume and integral/surface methods 

with popular commercial codes as examples 

(adjusted to class interests). 

6. Finite Element Method Tutorial. 

Mathematical basis and algorithms with application 

to electromagnetics. Time domain and hybrid 

methods (adjusted to class background). 

7. Method of Moments Tutorial. Mathematical 

basis and algorithms (adjusted to class 

mathematical background). Implementation for wire 

antennas and examples using FEKO Lite. 

8. Finite Difference Time Domain Tutorial. 

Mathematical basis and numerical algorithms, 

parallel implementations (adjusted to class 

mathematical background). 

9. Transmission Line Matrix Method. Overview 

and numerical algorithms. 

10. Finite Integration Technique. Overview. 

11. Asymptotic Methods. Scattering 

mechanisms and high frequency approximations. 

12. Hybrid and Advanced Methods. Overview, 

FMM, ACA and FEKO examples. 

13. High Performance Computing. Overview of 

parallel methods and examples. 

14. Summary. With emphasis on practical 

applications and intelligent decision making. 

15. Questions and FEKO examples. Adjusted 

to class problems of interest. 


NEW! 

Designing Wireless Systems for EMC 

Summary 

In order to permit efficient use of the radio frequency (RF) 

spectrum, engineers and technicians responsible for the 

planning, design, development, installation and operation of 

wireless systems must have a methodology for achieving 

electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). 

This 3-day course provides a methodology for using EMC 

analysis techniques and tools for planning, designing, 

installing and operating wireless systems that are free from 

EMI problems. Careful application of these techniques at 

appropriate stages in the wireless system life cycle will ensure 

EMC without either the wasteful expense of over-engineering 

or the uncertainties of under-engineering. This course 

discusses the basic EMI problems and describes the role and 

importance of analysis in achieving EMC in the co-site or coplatform 

electromagnetic environment. It introduces the 

student to the basic co-site/co-platform EMC analysis 

techniques. 

The EMI interactions that can occur between a transmitter 

and a receiver are identified and analysis techniques and 

tools that may be used in the planning, design, development, 

installation and operation of wireless systems that are free of 

EMI are provided. The course is specifically directed toward 

EMI signals that are generated by potentially interfering 

transmitters, propagated and received via antennas and 

cause EMI in RF receivers. Mathematical models for the 

overall transmitter receiver EMI interactions and the EMI 

characteristics of transmitters, receivers, antennas, 

propagation and system performance are presented. 

Instructor 

Dr. William G. Duff (Bill) received a BEE degree from 

George Washington University in 1959, a 

MSEE degree from Syracuse University in 

1969, and a DScEE degree from Clayton 

University in 1977. 

Bill is an independent consultant 

specializing in EMI/EMC. He worked for 

SENTEL and Atlantic Research and taught 

courses on electromagnetic interference 

(EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). He is 

internationally recognized as a leader in the development of 

engineering technology for achieving EMC in communication 

and electronic systems. He has more than 40 years of 

experience in EMI/EMC analysis, design, test and problem 

solving for a wide variety of communication and electronic 

systems. He has extensive experience in assessing EMI at 

the circuit, equipment and/or the system level and applying 

EMI mitigation techniques to "fix" problems. Bill has written 

more than 40 technical papers and five books on EMC. He is 

a NARTE Certified EMC Engineer. 

Bill has been very active in the IEEE EMC Society. He 

served on the Board of Directors, was Chairman of the Fellow 

Evaluation Committee and is an Associate Editor for the 

Newsletter. He is an IEEE Fellow, a past president of the IEEE 

EMC Society and a past Director of the Electromagnetics and 

Radiation Division of IEEE. 


• Awareness of EMI as a potentially severe problem 

area associated with wireless electronic equipment 

and systems. 

• Understanding of the electromagnetic interference 

(EMI) interactions between transmitters and 

receivers Analysis techniques that will identify, 

localize and define (EMI) problem areas before 

rather than after time, effort and dollars are wasted. 

• More timely and economical corrective measures. 

March 6-8, 2012 


$1690 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 




Day 1 

Introduction 

Wireless Systems 

Types of Service 

System Design Considerations 

System Design Example 

Spectrum Management 

Transmitter and Receiver EMI Interactions 

Definition of EMC/EMI Terms and Units 

EMC Requirements for RF Systems 

Wireless System EMC 

Major EMC Considerations 

System Specific EMC Considerations 

Day 2 

Transmitter Considerations for EMC Design 

Fundamental Emission Characteristics. 

Harmonic Emission Characteristics. 

Nonharmonic Emission Characteristics. 

Transmitter Emission Noise. 

Transmitter lntermodulation. 

Receiver Considerations for EMC Design. 

Co-Channel Interference. 

Fundamental Susceptibility. 

Adjacent-Signal Susceptibility. 

Out-of-Band Susceptibility 

Receiver Performance Threshold. 

Antenna Considerations for EMC 

Classes of Antennas 

Intentional-Radiation Region Characteristics 

Unintentional - Radiation Region Characteristics 

Near-Field Characteristics 

Day 3 

Propagation Modes 

Characteristics of Free Space Propagation. 

Plane Earth Model. Okumura Model. Egli Model. 

Complex Cosite / Coplatform Coupling. 

System Electromagnetic Effectiveness. 

EMI Performance of Spread-Spectrum Systems. 

Modulation Considerations for EMC (AM, FM, FSK, PSK, 

etc.) 

Signal Format for EMC Single Channel and Multiple 

Users. 

EMI Mitigation (Antenna Decoupling. Frequency 

Management. Interference Cancellation). 

System Design Tradeoffs. 

Sample Problems. 

For more outline details please visit: 

www.aticourses.com/Designing_Wireless_Systems_For_ 

EMC.htm 


Students are assumed to have an engineering 

background. In this course mathematical concepts are 

presented only as an aid to understanding of the various 

physical phenomena. Several years of education for a 

Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Engineering Degree or 

several years experience in the engineering community is 

desirable. 


Digital Signal Processing System Design 

With MATLAB Code and Applications to Sonar and other areas of client interest 

October 24-27, 2011 


$1890 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



Summary 

This four-day course is intended for engineers and 

scientists concerned with the design and performance 

analysis of signal processing applications. The course 

will provide the fundamentals required to develop 

optimum signal processing flows based upon 

processor throughput resource requirements analysis. 

Emphasis will be placed upon practical approaches 

based on lessons learned that are thoroughly 

developed using procedures with computer tools that 

show each step required in the design and analysis. 

MATLAB code will be used to demonstrate concepts 

and show actual tools available for performing the 

design and analysis. 

Instructor 

Joseph G. Lucas has over 35 years of 

experience in DSP techniques and applications 

including EW, sonar and radar applications, 

performance analysis, digital filtering, spectral 

analysis, beamforming, detection and tracking 

techniques, finite word length effects, and adaptive 

processing. He has industry experience at IBM and 

GD-AIS with radar, sonar and EW applications and 

has taught classes in DSP theory and applications. 

He is author of the textbook: Digital Signal 

Processing: A System Design Approach (Wiley). 


• What are the key DSP concepts and how do they 

relate to real applications? 

• How is the optimum real-time signal processing flow 

determined? 

• What are the methods of time domain and 

frequency domain implementation? 

• How is an optimum DSP system designed? 

• What are typical characteristics of real DSP 

multirate systems? 

• How can you use MATLAB to analyze and design 

DSP systems? 

From this course you will obtain the knowledge 

and ability to perform basic DSP systems 

engineering calculations, identify tradeoffs, 

interact meaningfully with colleagues, evaluate 

systems, and understand the literature. Students 

will receive a suite of MATLAB m-files for direct 

use or modification by the user. These codes are 

useful to both MATLAB users and users of other 

programming languages as working examples of 

practical signal processing algorithm 

implementations. 


1. Discrete Time Linear Systems. A review of the 

fundamentals of sampling, discrete time signals, and 

sequences. Develop fundamental representation of discrete 

linear time-invariant system output as the convolution of the 

input signal with the system impulse response or in the 

frequency domain as the product of the input frequency 

response and the system frequency response. Define general 

difference equation representations, and frequency response 

of the system. Show a typical detection system for detecting 

discrete frequency components in noise. 

2. System Realizations & Analysis. Demonstrate the 

use of z-transforms and inverse z-transforms in the analysis 

of discrete time systems. Show examples of the use of ztransform 

domain to represent difference equations and 

manipulate DSP realizations. Present network diagrams for 

direct form, cascade, and parallel implementations. 

3. Digital Filters. Develop the fundamentals of digital 

filter design techniques for Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) 

and Develop Finite Impulse Response filter (FIR) types. 

MATLAB design examples will be presented. Comparisons 

between FIR and IIR filters will be presented. 

4. Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT). The 

fundamental properties of the DFT will be presented: linearity, 

circular shift, frequency response, scallo ping loss, and 

effective noise bandwidth. The use of weighting and 

redundancy processing to obtain desired performance 

improvements will be presented. The use of MATLAB to 

calculate performance gains for various weighting functions 

and redundancies will be demonstrated. . 

5. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The FFT radix 2 and 

radix 4 algorithms will be developed. The use of FFTs to 

perform filtering in the frequency domain will be developed 

using the overlap-save and overlap-add techniques. 

Performance calculations will be demonstrated using 

MATLAB. Processing throughput requirements for 

implementing the FFT will be presented. 

6. Multirate Digital Signal Processing. Multirate 

processing fundamentals of decimation and interpolation will 

be developed. Methods for optimizing processing throughput 

requirements via multirate designs will be developed. 

Multirate techniques in filter banks and spectrum analyzers 

and synthesizers will be developed. Structures and Network 

theory for multirate digital systems will be discussed. 

7. Detection of Signals In Noise. Develop Receiver 

Operating Charactieristic (ROC) data for detection of 

narrowband signals in noise. Discuss linear system 

responses to discrete random processes. Discuss power 

spectrum estimation. Use realistic SONAR problem. MATLAB 

to calculate performance of detection system. 

8. Finite Arithmetic Error Analysis. Analog-to-Digital 

conversion errors will be studied. Quantization effects of finite 

arithmetic for common digital signal processing algorithms 

including digital filters and FFTs will be presented. Methods of 

calculating the noise at the digital system output due to 

arithmetic effects will be developed. 

9. System Design. Digital Processing system design 

techniques will be developed. Methodologies for signal 

analysis, system design including algorithm selection, 

architecture selection, configuration analysis, and 

performance analysis will be developed. Typical state-of-theart 

COTS signal processing devices will be discussed. 

10. Advanced Algorithms & Practical Applications. 

Several algorithms and associated applications will be 

discussed based upon classical and recent papers/research: 

Recursive Least Squares Estimation, Kalman Filter Theory, 

Adaptive Algorithms: Joint Multichannel Least Squares 

Lattice, Spatial filtering of equally and unequally spaced 

arrays. 



Summary 

Grounding and shielding are two of the most 

effective techniques for combating EMI. 

This three-day course is designed for engineers, 

technicians, and operators, who need an 

understanding of all facets of grounding and shielding 

at the circuit, PCB, box, equipment and/or system 

levels. The course offers a discussion of the trade-offs 

for EMI control through grounding and shielding at all 

levels. Hardware demonstrations of the effect of 

various compromises and resulting grounding and 

shielding effectiveness are provided. The 

compromises that are demonstrated include aperture 

and seam leakage, and conductor penetrating the 

enclosure. The hardware demonstrations also include 

incorporating various "fixes" and illustrating their 

impact. Each attendee will receive a copy of Bill Duff’s 

new text, Designing Electronic Circuits for EMC. 

Instructor 

Dr. William G. Duff (Bill) received a BEE degree 

from George Washington University, a 

MSEE degree from Syracuse University, 

and a DScEE degree from Clayton 

University. 

He is internationally recognized as a 

leader in the development of engineering 

technology for achieving EMC in 

communication and electronic systems. He has more 

than 40 years of experience in EMI/EMC analysis, 

design, test and problem solving for a wide variety of 

communication and electronic systems. He has 

extensive experience in applying EMI mitigation 

techniques to "fix" EMI problems at the circuit, 

equipment and system levels. 

Bill is a past president of the IEEE EMC Society and 

a past Director of IEEE Division IV, Electromagnetics 

and Radiation. He served a number of terms on the 

EMC Society Board of Directors. Bill has received a 

number of IEEE awards including the Lawrence G. 

Cumming Award for Outstanding Service, the Richard 

R. Stoddard Award for Outstanding Performance and a 

"Best Paper" award. He was elected to the grade of 

IEEE Fellow in 1981 and to the EMC Hall of Fame in 

2010. Bill has written more than 40 technical papers 

and 5 books on EMC. He also regularly teaches 

seminar courses on EMC. He is a NARTE Certified 

EMC Engineer. 


• Examples Of Potential EMI Threats. 

• Safety Grounding Versus EMI Control. 

• Common Ground Impedance Coupling. 

• Field Coupling Into or out of Ground Loops. 

• Coupling Relationships. 

• EMI Coupling Reduction Methods. 

• Victim Sensitivites. 

• Shielding Theory. 

• Electric vs Magnetic Field Shielding. 

• Shielding Compromises. 

• Trade-offs Between Shielding, Cost, Size, 

Weight,etc. 



May 1-3, 2012 


$1795 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. Introduction. A Discussion Of EMI Scenarios, 

Definition Of Terms, Time To Frequency Conversion, 

Narrowband-Vs-Broadband, System Sensitivities. 

2. Potential EMI Threats (Ambient). An Overview 

Of Typical EMI Levels. A Discussion Of Power Line 

Disturbances And A Discussion Of Transients, 

Including ESD, Lightning And EMP. 

3. Victim Sensitivities And Behavior. A 

Discussion Of Victim Sensitivities Including Amplifier 

Rejection, Out-Of-Band Response, Audio Rectification, 

Logic Family Susceptibilities And Interference- To- 

Noise Versus Signal-To-Noise Ratios. 

4. Safety Earthing/Grounding Versus Noise 

Coupling. An Overview Of Grounding Myths, Hard 

Facts And Conflicts. A Discussion Of Electrical Shock 

Avoidance (UL, IEC Requirements), Lightning 

Protection And Lightning Rods And Earthing. 

5. Ground Common Impedance Coupling 

(GCM). A Discussion Of Practical Solutions, From PCB 

To Room Level. An Overview Of Impedance Of 

Conductors (Round, Flat, Planes), Class Examples, 

GCM Reduction On Single Layer Cards, Impedance 

Reduction, DC Bus Decoupling And Multilayer Boards. 

6. GLC Reduction Methods. A Discussion Of 

Floating And Single-Point Grounds, Balanced Drivers 

And Receivers, RF Blocking Chokes, Signal 

Transformers And Baluns, Ferrites, Feed-Through 

Capacitors And Opto-Electronics. 

7. Cable Shields, Balanced Pairs And Coax. A 

Discussion Of Cable Shields And Compromising 

Practices, Shielding Effectiveness, Field Coupling, 

Interactions Of Ground Loops With Balanced Pair 

Shields, Comprehensive Grounding Rules For Cable 

Shields, Flat Cables And Connector And Pigtail 

Contributions To Shielding Effectiveness. 

8. Cable-To-Cable Coupling (Xtalk). A Discussion 

Of The Basic Model, Capacitive And Magnetic 

Couplings, A Class Example And How To Reduce 

Xtalk. 

9. Understanding Shielding Theory. An Overview 

Of Near-Field E And H, Far-Field, How A Metal Barrier 

Performs And Reflection And Absorption. 

10. Shielding Effectiveness (SE) Of Barriers. A 

Discussion Of Performance Of Typical Metals, Low- 

Frequency Magnetic Shields, Conductive 

Coatings/Metallized Plastics And Aircraft Composites 

(CFC). 

11. Box Shielding. Leakage Reduction., Calculation 

Of Apertures SE, Combination Of Multiple Leakages, 

SE Of Screen Mesh, Conductive Glass, Honeycombs, 

Component Penetrations (Fuses, Switches, Etc.), And 

EMI Gaskets. 


Instrumentation for Test & Measurement 

Understanding, Selecting and Applying Measurement Systems 

Summary 

This three day course, based on the 690-page Sensor 

Technology Handbook, published by Elsevier in 2005 and 

edited by the instructor, is designed for engineers, 

technicians and managers who want to increase their 

knowledge of sensors and signal conditioning. It balances 

breadth and depth in a practical presentation for those 

who design sensor systems and work with sensors of all 

types. Each topic includes technology fundamentals, 

selection criteria, applicable standards, interfacing and 

system designs, and future developments. 

Instructor 

Jon Wilson is a Principal Consultant. He holds degrees 

in Mechanical, Automotive and Industrial Engineering. His 

45-plus years of experience include Test Engineer, Test 

Laboratory Manager, Applications Engineering Manager 

and Marketing Manager at Chrysler Corporation, ITT 

Cannon Electric Co., Motorola Semiconductor Products 

Division and Endevco. He is Editor of the Sensor 

Technology Handbook published by Elsevier in 2005. He 

has been consulting and training in the field of testing and 

instrumentation since 1985. He has presented training for 

ISA, SAE, IEST, SAVIAC, ITC, & many government 

agencies and commercial organizations. He is a Fellow 

Member of the Institute of Environmental Sciences and 

Technology, and a Lifetime Senior Member of SAE and 

ISA. 

1. Sensor Fundamentals. Basic Sensor Technology, Sensor 


2. Application Considerations. Sensor Characteristics, 

System Characteristics, Instrument Selection, Data Acquisition & 

Readout. 

3. Measurement Issues & Criteria. Measurand, Environment, 

Accuracy Requirements, Calibration & Documentation. 

4. Sensor Signal Conditioning. Bridge Circuits, Analog to 

Digital Converters, Systems on a Chip, Sigma-Delta ADCs, 

Conditioning High Impedance Sensors, Conditioning Charge 

Output Sensors. 

5. Acceleration, Shock & Vibration Sensors. Piezoelectric, 

Charge Mode & IEPE, Piezoelectric Materials & Structures, 

Piezoresistive, Capacitive, Servo Force Balance, Mounting, 

Acceleration Probes, Grounding, Cables & Connections. 

6. Biosensors. Bioreceptor + Transducer, Biosensor 

Characteristics, Origin of Biosensors, Bioreceptor Molecules, 

Transduction Mechanisms. 

7. Chemical Sensors. Technology Fundamentals, Applications, 

CHEMFETS. 

8. Capacitive & Inductive Displacement Sensors. Capacitive 

Fundamentals, Inductive Fundamentals, Target Considerations, 

Comparing Capacitive & Inductive, Using Capacitive & Inductive 

Together. 

9. Electromagnetism in Sensing. Electromagnetism & 

Inductance, Sensor Applications, Magnetic Field Sensors. 

10. Flow Sensors. Thermal Anemometers, Differential 

Pressure, Vortex Shedding, Positive Displacement & Turbine 

Based Sensors, Mass Flowmeters, Electromagnetic, Ultrasonic & 

Laser Doppler Sensors, Calibration. 

11. Level Sensors. Hydrostatic, Ultrasonic, RF Capacitance, 

Magnetostrictive, Microwave Radar, Selecting a Technology. 

12. Force, Load & Weight Sensors. Sensor Types, Physical 

Configurations, Fatigue Ratings. 

13. Humidity Sensors.Capacitive, Resistive & Thermal 

Conductivity Sensors, Temperature & Humidity Effects, 


NEW! 



March 27-29, 2012 


$1795 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 




• How to understand sensor specifications. 

• Advantages and disadvantages of different sensor 

types. 

• How to avoid configuration and interfacing problems. 

• How to select and specify the best sensor for your 

application. 

• How to select and apply the correct signal conditioning. 

• How to find applicable standards for various sensors. 

• Principles and applications. 

From this course you will learn how to select and 

apply measurement systems to acquire accurate data 

for a variety of applications and measurands 

including mechanical, thermal, optical and biological 

data. 

Condensation & Wetting, Integrated Signal Conditioning. 

14. Machinery Vibration Monitoring Sensors. Accelerometer 

Types, 4-20 Milliamp Transmitters, Capacitive Sensors, Intrinsically 

Safe Sensors, Mounting Considerations. 

15. Optical & Radiation Sensors. Photosensors, Quantum 

Detectors, Thermal Detectors, Phototransistors, Thermal Infrared 

Detectors. 

16. Position & Motion Sensors. Contact & Non-contact, Limit 

Switches, Resistive, Magnetic & Ultrasonic Position Sensors, 

Proximity Sensors, Photoelectric Sensors, Linear & Rotary Position 

& Motion Sensors, Optical Encoders, Resolvers & Synchros. 

17. Pressure Sensors. Fundamentals of Pressure Sensing 

Technology, Piezoresistive Sensors, Piezoelectric Sensors, 

Specialized Applications. 

18. Sensors for Mechanical Shock Technology 

Fundamentals, Sensor Types-Advantages & Disadvantages, 

Frequency Response Requirements, Pyroshock Measurement, 

Failure Modes, Structural Resonance Effects, Environmental 

Effects. 

19. Test & Measurement Microphones. Measurement 

Microphone Characteristics, Condenser & Prepolarized (Electret), 

Effect of Angle of Incidence, Pressure, Free Field, Random 

Incidence, Environmental Effects, Specialized Types, Calibration 

Techniques. 

20. Introduction to Strain Gages. Piezoresistance, Thin Film, 

Microdevices, Accuracy, Strain Gage Based Measurements, 

Sensor Installations, High Temperature Installations. 

21. Temperature Sensors. Electromechanical & Electronic 

Sensors, IR Pyrometry, Thermocouples, Thermistors, RTDs, 

Interfacing & Design, Heat Conduction & Self Heating Effects. 

22. Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors. Possibilities, 

Realities, Applications. 

23. Wireless Sensor Networks. Individual Node Architecture, 

Network Architecture, Radio Options, Power Considerations. 

24. Smart Sensors – IEEE 1451, TEDS, TEDS Sensors, Plug 

& Play Sensors. 


November 15-17, 2011 


$1690 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



Summary 

This three-day course is designed for technicians, 

operators and engineers who need an understanding 

of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)/Electromagnetic 

Compatibility (EMC) methodology and concepts. The 

course provides a basic working knowledge of the 

principles of EMC. 

The course will provide real world examples and 

case histories. Computer software will be used to 

simulate and demonstrate various concepts and help 

to bridge the gap between theory and the real world. 

The computer software will be made available to the 

attendees. One of the computer programs is used to 

design interconnecting equipments. This program 

demonstrates the impact of various EMI “EMI 

mitigation techniques" that are applied. Another 

computer program is used to design a shielded 

enclosure. The program considers the box material; 

seams and gaskets; cooling and viewing apertures; 

and various "EMI mitigation techniques" that may be 

used for aperture protection. 

There are also hardware demonstrations of the effect 

of various compromises on the shielding effectiveness 

of an enclosure. The compromises that are 

demonstrated are seam leakage, and a conductor 

penetrating the enclosure. The hardware 

demonstrations also include incorporating various "EMI 

mitigation techniques" and illustrating their impact. 

Instructor 

Dr. William G. Duff (Bill) is an independent 

consultant. Previously, he was the Chief 

Technology Officer of the Advanced 

Technology Group of SENTEL. Prior to 

working for SENTEL, he worked for 

Atlantic Research and taught courses on 

electromagnetic interference (EMI) and 

electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). He 

is internationally recognized as a leader 

in the development of engineering 

technology for achieving EMC in communication and 

electronic systems. He has 42 years of experience in 

EMI/EMC analysis, design, test and problem solving for 

a wide variety of communication and electronic systems. 

He has extensive experience in assessing EMI at the 

equipment and/or the system level and applying EMI 

suppression and control techniques to "fix" problems. 

Bill has written more than 40 technical papers and 

four books on EMC. He also regularly teaches seminar 

courses on EMC. He is a past president of the IEEE 

EMC Society. He served a number of terms as a 

member of the EMC Society Board of Directors and is 

currently Chairman of the EMC Society Fellow 

Evaluation Committee and an Associate Editor for the 

EMC Society Newsletter. He is a NARTE Certified EMC 

Engineer. 

Introduction to EMI / EMC 


1. Examples Of Communications System. A 

Discussion Of Case Histories Of Communications 

System EMI, Definitions Of Systems, Both Military 

And Industrial, And Typical Modes Of System 

Interactions Including Antennas, Transmitters And 

Receivers And Receiver Responses. 

2. Quantification Of Communication System 

EMI. A Discussion Of The Elements Of Interference, 

Including Antennas, Transmitters, Receivers And 

Propagation. 

3. Electronic Equipment And System EMI 

Concepts. A Description Of Examples Of EMI 

Coupling Modes To Include Equipment Emissions 

And Susceptibilities. 

4. Common-Mode Coupling. A Discussion Of 

Common-Mode Coupling Mechanisms Including 

Field To Cable, Ground Impedance, Ground Loop 

And Coupling Reduction Techniques. 

5. Differential-Mode Coupling. A Discussion 

Of Differential-Mode Coupling Mechanisms 

Including Field To Cable, Cable To Cable And 

Coupling Reduction Techniques. 

6. Other Coupling Mechanisms. A Discussion 

Of Power Supplies And Victim Amplifiers. 

7. The Importance Of Grounding For 

Achieving EMC. A Discussion Of Grounding, 

Including The Reasons (I.E., Safety, Lightning 

Control, EMC, Etc.), Grounding Schemes (Single 

Point, Multi-Point And Hybrid), Shield Grounding 

And Bonding. 

8. The Importance Of Shielding. A Discussion 

Of Shielding Effectiveness, Including Shielding 

Considerations (Reflective And Absorptive). 

9. Shielding Design. A Description Of 

Shielding Compromises (I.E., Apertures, Gaskets, 

Waveguide Beyond Cut-Off). 

10. EMI Diagnostics And Fixes. A Discussion 

Of Techniques Used In EMI Diagnostics And Fixes. 

11. EMC Specifications, Standards And 

Measurements. A Discussion Of The Genesis Of 

EMC Documentation Including A Historical 

Summary, The Rationale, And A Review Of MIL- 

Stds, FCC And CISPR Requirements. 


• Examples of Communications Systems EMI. 

• Quantification of Systems EMI. 

• Equipment and System EMI Concepts. 

• Source and Victim Coupling Modes. 

• Importance of Grounding. 

• Shielding Designs. 

• EMI Diagnostics. 

• EMC/EMI Specifications and Standards. 


Optical Communications Systems 

Trades and Technology for Implementing Free Space or Fiber Communications 

January 23-24, 2012 

San Diego, California 

$1090 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



Summary 

This two-day course provides a strong foundation for 

selecting, designing and building either a Free Space Optical 

Comms, or Fiber-Optic Comms System for various 

applications. Course includes both DoD and Commercial 

systems, in Space, Atmospheric, Underground, and 

Underwater Applications. Optical Comms Systems have 

advantages over RF and Microwave Comms Systems due to 

their directionality, and high frequency carrier. These 

properties can lead to greater covertness, freedom from 

jamming, and potentially much higher data rates. Novel 

architectures are feasible allowing usage in situations where 

RF emission or transmission would be precluded. 

Instructor 

Dr. James Pierre Hauck is a consultant to industry and 

government labs. He is an expert in optical communications 

systems having pioneered a variety of such systems including 

Sat-to-Underwater, Non-line-of-Sight, and Single-Ended 

Systems. Dr. Hauck’s work with lasers and optics began about 

40 years ago when he studied Quantum Electronics at the 

University of CA Irvine. After completing the Ph.D. in Physics, 

he went to work for Rockwell’s Electronics Research Center, 

working on Laser Radar (LADAR) which has much in common 

with Optical Comms Systems. Dr. Hauck’s work on Optical 

Comms Systems began in earnest about 30 years ago when 

he was Chief Scientist of the Strategic Laser Communications 

System Laser Transmitter Module (SLC/LTM), at Northrop 

Grumman. He invented, designed and developed a novel 

Non-Line-Of-Sight Optical Comms System when he was 

Chief Scientist of the General Dynamics Laser Systems 

Laboratory. This portable system allowed comm in a U 

shaped channel “up-over-and-down” a large building. At SAIC 

he analyzed, designed, developed and tested a single ended 

Optical Comms System. 


• What are the Emerging Laser Communications Challenges 

for Mobile, Airborne and Space-Based Missions. 

• Future Opportunities in LaserCom Applications (ground-toground, 

satellite-to-satellite, ground-to-satellite and much 

more!) 

• Overcoming Challenges in LaserCom Development 

(bandwidth expansion, real-time global connectivity, 

survivability & more). 

• Measuring the Key Performance Tradeoffs (cost vs. 

size/weight vs. availability vs. power vs. range). 

• Tools and Techniques for Meeting the Requirements of Data 

Rate, Availability, Covertness & Jamming. 

From this course you will obtain the knowledge and 

ability to perform basic Comm systems engineering 

calculations, identify tradeoffs, interact meaningfully 

with colleagues, evaluate systems, and understand the 

literature. 


1. Understanding Laser Communications. What are the 

Benefits of Laser Communications? How Do Laser 

Communications Compare with RF and Microwave Systems? 

Implementation Options. Future Role of Laser 

Communications in Commercial, Military and Scientific 

Markets. 

2. Laser Communications Latest Capabilities & 

Requirements. A Complete Guide to Laser Communications 

Capabilities for Mobile, Airborne and Space-Based Missions. 

What Critical System Functions are Required for Laser 

Communications? What are the Capability Requirements for 

Spacecraft-Based Laser Communications Terminals? Tools 

and Techniques for Meeting the Requirements of -Data Rate, 

Availability, Covertness, Jamming Ground Terminal 

Requirements- Viable Receiver Sites, Uplink Beacon and 

Command, Safety. 

3. Laser Communication System Prototypes & 

Programs. USAF/Boeing Gapfiller Wideband Laser Comm 

System–The Future Central Node in Military Architectures 

DARPA’s TeraHertz Operational Reachback (THOR)–Meeting 

Data Requirements for Mobile Environments Elliptica 

Transceiver–The Future Battlefield Commlink? Laser 

Communication Test and Evaluation Station (LTES), DARPA’s 

Multi-Access Laser Communication Head (MALCH): 

Providing Simultaneous Lasercom to Multiple Airborne Users. 

4. Opportunities and Challenges in Laser 

Communications Development. Link Drivers--- Weather, 

Mobile or Stationary systems, Design Drivers--- Cost, Link 

Availability, Bit Rates, Bit Error Rates, Mil Specs Design 

Approaches--- Design to Spec, Design to Cost, System 

Architecture and Point to Point Where are the Opportunities in 

Laser Communications Architectures Development? Coping 

with the Lack of Bandwidth, What are the Solutions in 

Achieving Real-Time Global Connectivity? Beam 

Transmission: Making it Work - Free-Space Optics- 

Overcoming Key Atmospheric Effects Scintillation, 

Turbulence, Cloud Statistics, Background Light and Sky 

Brightness, Transmission, Seeing Availability, Underwater 

Optics, Guided Wave Optics. 

5. Expert Insights on Measuring Laser 

Communications Performance. Tools and Techniques for 

Establishing Requirements and Estimating Performance Key 

Performance Trade-offs for Laser Communications Systems - 

Examining the Tradeoffs of Cost vs. Availability, Bit Rate, and 

Bit Error Rate; of Size/Weight vs. Cost, Availability, BR/BER, 

Mobility; of Power vs. Range, BR/BER, Availability; Mass, 

Power, Volume and Cost Estimation; Reliability and Quality 

Assurance, Environmental Tests, Component Specifics 

(Lasers, Detectors, Optics.) 

6. Understanding the Key Components and 

Subsystems. Current Challenges and Future Capabilities in 

Laser Transmitters Why Modulation and Coding is Key for 

Successful System Performance Frequency/Wavelength 

Control for Signal-to-Noise Improvements Meeting the 

Requirements for Optical Channel Capacity The Real Impact 

of the Transmitter Telescope on System Performance 

Transcription Methods for Sending the Data- Meeting the 

Requirements for Bit Rates and Bit Error Rates Which 

Receivers are Most Useful for Detecting Optical Signals, 

Pointing and Tracking for Link Closure and Reduction of Drop- 

Outs - Which Technologies Can Be Used for Link 

Closure,How Can You Keep Your Bit Error Rates Low . 

7. Future Applications of Laser Communications 

Systems. Understanding the Flight Systems - Host Platform 

Vibration Characteristics, Fine-Pointing Mechanism, Coarse 

Pointing Mechanism, Isolation Mechanisms, Inertial Sensor 

Feedback, Eye Safety Ground to Ground – Decisions 

required include covertness requirements, day/night, - Fixed – 

Mobile Line-of-Sight, Non-Line-of-Sight – Allows significant 

freedom of motion Ground to A/C, A/C to Ground, A/C to A/C, 

Ground to Satellite. Low Earth Orbit, Point Ahead 

Requirements, Medium Earth Orbit, Geo-Stationary Earth 

Orbit, Long Range as Above, Satellite to Ground as Above, 

Sat to Sat “Real Free Space Comms”, Under-Water Fixed to 

Mobile, Under-Water Mobile to Fixed. 


Practical Statistical Signal Processing Using MATLAB 

with Radar, Sonar, Communications, Speech & Imaging Applications 

Summary 

This four-day course covers signal processing 

systems for radar, sonar, communications, speech, 

imaging and other applications based on state-of-theart 

computer algorithms. These algorithms include 

important tasks such as data simulation, parameter 

estimation, filtering, interpolation, detection, spectral 

analysis, beamforming, classification, and tracking. 

Until now these algorithms could only be learned by 

reading the latest technical journals. This course will 

take the mystery out of these designs by introducing 

the algorithms with a minimum of mathematics and 

illustrating the key ideas via numerous examples using 

MATLAB. 

Designed for engineers, scientists, and other 

professionals who wish to study the practice of 

statistical signal processing without the headaches, 

this course will make extensive use of hands-on 

MATLAB implementations and demonstrations. 

Attendees will receive a suite of software source code 

and are encouraged to bring their own laptops to follow 

along with the demonstrations. 

Each participant will receive two books 

Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Vol. I 

and Vol. 2 by instructor Dr. Kay. A complete set of notes 

and a suite of MATLAB m-files will be distributed in 

source format for direct use or modification by the user. 

Instructor 

Dr. Steven Kay is a Professor of Electrical 

Engineering at the University of 

Rhode Island and the President of 

Signal Processing Systems, a 

consulting firm to industry and the 

government. He has over 25 years 

of research and development 

experience in designing optimal 

statistical signal processing algorithms for radar, 

sonar, speech, image, communications, vibration, 

and financial data analysis. Much of his work has 

been published in over 100 technical papers and 

the three textbooks, Modern Spectral Estimation: 

Theory and Application, Fundamentals of 

Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory, 

and Fundamentals of Statistical Signal 

Processing: Detection Theory. Dr. Kay is a Fellow 

of the IEEE. 

January 9-12, 2012 

Laurel, Maryland 

$2095 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 




1. MATLAB Basics. M-files, logical flow, graphing, 

debugging, special characters, array manipulation, 

vectorizing computations, useful toolboxes. 

2. Computer Data Generation. Signals, Gaussian 

noise, nonGaussian noise, colored and white noise, 

AR/ARMA time series, real vs. complex data, linear 

models, complex envelopes and demodulation. 

3. Parameter Estimation. Maximum likelihood, best 

linear unbiased, linear and nonlinear least squares, 

recursive and sequential least squares, minimum mean 

square error, maximum a posteriori, general linear model, 

performance evaluation via Taylor series and computer 

simulation methods. 

4. Filtering/Interpolation/Extrapolation. Wiener, 

linear Kalman approaches, time series methods. 

5. Detection. Matched filters, generalized matched 

filters, estimator-correlators, energy detectors, detection 

of abrupt changes, min probability of error receivers, 

communication receivers, nonGaussian approaches, 

likelihood and generalized likelihood detectors, receiver 

operating characteristics, CFAR receivers, performance 

evaluation by computer simulation. 

6. Spectral Analysis. Periodogram, Blackman-Tukey, 

autoregressive and other high resolution methods, 

eigenanalysis methods for sinusoids in noise. 

7. Array Processing. Beamforming, narrowband vs. 

wideband considerations, space-time processing, 

interference suppression. 

8. Signal Processing Systems. Image processing, 

active sonar receiver, passive sonar receiver, adaptive 

noise canceler, time difference of arrival localization, 

channel identification and tracking, adaptive 

beamforming, data analysis. 

9. Case Studies. Fault detection in bearings, acoustic 

imaging, active sonar detection, passive sonar detection, 

infrared surveillance, radar Doppler estimation, speaker 

separation, stock market data analysis. 


• To translate system requirements into algorithms that 

work. 

• To simulate and assess performance of key 

algorithms. 

• To tradeoff algorithm performance for computational 

complexity. 

• The limitations to signal processing performance. 

• To recognize and avoid common pitfalls and traps in 

algorithmic development. 

• To generalize and solve practical problems using the 

provided suite of MATLAB code. 


Signal & Image Processing And Analysis For Scientists And Engineers 

All Students Receive 500-page Slide Set and 

Complete Set of Interactive Software Examples 

That Can Be Used On Their Data on a CD. 


“This course provided insight and 

explanations that saved me hours of 

reading – and time is money” 

Summary 

Whether working in the scientific, medical, 

security, or NDT field, signal and image processing 

and analysis play a critical role. This three-day 

course is de?signed is designed for engineers, 

scientists, technicians, implementers, and 

managers in those fields who need to understand 

applied basic and advanced methods of signal and 

image processing and analysis techniques. The 

course provides a jump start for utilizing these 

methods in any application. 

Instructor 

Dr. Donald J. Roth is the Nondestructive Evaluation 

(NDE) Team Lead at a major research 

center as well as a senior research 

engineer and consultant with 28 years of 

experience in NDE, measurement and 

imaging sciences, and software design. 

His primary areas of expertise over his 

career include research and 

development in the imaging modalities 

of ultrasound, infrared, x-ray, computed tomography, 

and terahertz. He has been heavily involved in the 

development of software for custom data and control 

systems, and for signal and image processing software 

systems. Dr. Roth holds the degree of Ph.D. in 

Materials Science from the Case Western Reserve 

University and has published over 100 articles, 

presentations, book chapters, and software products. 


• Terminology, definitions, and concepts related 

to basic and advanced signal and image 

processing. 

• Conceptual examples. 

• Case histories where these methods have 

proven applicable. 

• Methods are exhibited using live computerized 

demonstrations. 

• All of this will allow a better understanding of 

how and when to apply processing methods in 

practice. 

From this course you will obtain the 

knowledge and ability to perform basic and 

advanced signal and image processing and 

analysis that can be applied to many signal 

and image acquisition scenarios in order to 

improve and analyze signal and image data. 


NEW! 

December 13-15, 2011 


$1690 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 



1. Introduction. Basic Descriptions, Terminology, 

and Concepts Related to Signals, Imaging, and 

Processing for science and engineering. Analog and 

Digital. Data acquisition concepts. Sampling and 

Quantization. 

2. Signal Processing. Basic operations, 

Frequency-domain filtering, Wavelet filtering, Wavelet 

Decomposition and Reconstruction, Signal 

Deconvolution, Joint Time-Frequency Processing, 

Curve Fitting. 

3. Signal Analysis. Signal Parameter Extraction, 

Peak Detection, Signal Statistics, Joint Time – 

Frequency Analysis, Acoustic Emission analysis, 

Curve Fitting Parameter Extraction. 

4. Image Processing. Basic and Advanced 

Methods, Spatial frequency Filtering, Wavelet filtering, 

lookup tables, Kernel convolution/filtering (e.g. Sobel, 

Gradient, Median), Directional Filtering, Image 

Deconvolution, Wavelet Decomposition and 

Reconstruction, Edge Extraction,Thresholding, 

Colorization, Morphological Operations, Segmentation, 

B-scan display, Phased Array Display. 

5. Image Analysis. Region-of-interest Analysis, 

Line profiles, Edge Detection, Feature Selection and 

Measurement, Image Math, Logical Operators, Masks, 

Particle analysis, Image Series Reduction including 

Images Averaging, Principal Component Analysis, 

Derivative Images, Multi-surface Rendering, B-scan 

Analysis, Phased Array Analysis. Introduction to 

Classification. 

6. Integrated Signal and Image Processing and 

Analysis Software and algorithm strategies. The 

instructor will draw on his extensive experience to 

demonstrate how these methods can be combined and 

utilized in a post-processing software package. 

Software strategies including code and interface 

design concepts for versatile signal and image 

processing and analysis software development will be 

provided. These strategies are applicable for any 

language including LabVIEW, MATLAB, and IDL. 

Practical considerations and approaches will be 

emphasized. 



“This course uses very little math, yet provides an indepth 

understanding of the concepts and real-world 

applications of these powerful tools.” 

Summary 

Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) are in wide use and work 

very well if your signal stays at a constant frequency 

(“stationary”). But if the signal could vary, have pulses, “blips” 

or any other kind of interesting behavior then you need 

Wavelets. Wavelets are remarkable tools that can stretch and 

move like an amoeba to find the hidden “events” and then 

simultaneously give you their location, frequency, and shape. 

Wavelet Transforms allow this and many other capabilities not 

possible with conventional methods like the FFT. 

This course is vastly different from traditional mathoriented 

Wavelet courses or books in that we use examples, 

figures, and computer demonstrations to show how to 

understand and work with Wavelets. This is a comprehensive, 

in-depth. up-to-date treatment of the subject, but from an 

intuitive, conceptual point of view. 

We do look at some key equations but only AFTER the 

concepts are demonstrated and understood so you can see 

the wavelets and equations “in action”. 

Each student will receive extensive course slides, a CD 

with MATLAB demonstrations, and a copy of the instructor’s 

new book, Conceptual Wavelets. 

If convenient we recommend that you bring a laptop to this 

class. A disc with the course materials will be provided and 

the laptop will allow you to utilize the materials in class. Note: 

the laptop is NOT a requirement. 

Instructor 

D. Lee Fugal is the Founder and President of an 

independent consulting firm. He has 

over 30 years of industry experience in 

Digital Signal Processing (including 

Wavelets) and Satellite 

Communications. He has been a fulltime 

consultant on numerous 

assignments since 1991. Recent 

projects include Excision of Chirp Jammer Signals 

using Wavelets, design of Space-Based Geolocation 

Systems (GPS & Non-GPS), and Advanced Pulse 

Detection using Wavelet Technology. He has taught 

upper-division University courses in DSP and in 

Satellites as well as Wavelet short courses and 

seminars for Practicing Engineers and Management. 

He holds a Masters in Applied Physics (DSP) from the 

University of Utah, is a Senior Member of IEEE, and a 

recipient of the IEEE Third Millennium Medal. 


• How to use Wavelets as a “microscope” to analyze 

data that changes over time or has hidden “events” 

that would not show up on an FFT. 

• How to understand and efficiently use the 3 types of 

Wavelet Transforms to better analyze and process 

your data. State-of-the-art methods and 

applications. 

• How to compress and de-noise data using 

advanced Wavelet techniques. How to avoid 

potential pitfalls by understanding the concepts. A 

“safe” method if in doubt. 

• How to increase productivity and reduce cost by 

choosing (or building) a Wavelet that best matches 

your particular application. 


San Diego, California 

$1795 (8:30am - 4:00pm) 



"Your Wavelets course was very helpful in our Radar 

studies. We often use wavelets now instead of the 

Fourier Transform for precision denoising." 

–Long To, NAWC WD, Point Wugu, CA 

"I was looking forward to this course and it was very rewarding–Your 

clear explanations starting with the big picture 

immediately contextualized the material allowing us 

to drill a little deeper with a fuller understanding" 

–Steve Van Albert, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research 

"Good overview of key wavelet concepts and literature. 

The course provided a good physical understanding of 

wavelet transforms and applications." 

–Stanley Radzevicius, ENSCO, Inc. 


1. What is a Wavelet? Examples and Uses. “Waves” that 

can start, stop, move and stretch. Real-world applications in 

many fields: Signal and Image Processing, Internet Traffic, 

Airport Security, Medicine, JPEG, Finance, Pulse and Target 

Recognition, Radar, Sonar, etc. 

2. Comparison with traditional methods. The concept 

of the FFT, the STFT, and Wavelets as all being various types 

of comparisons (correlations) with the data. Strengths, 

weaknesses, optimal choices. 

3. The Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). 

Stretching and shifting the Wavelet for optimal correlation. 

Predefined vs. Constructed Wavelets. 

4. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Shrinking 

the signal by factors of 2 through downsampling. 

Understanding the DWT in terms of correlations with the data. 

Relating the DWT to the CWT. Demonstrations and uses. 

5. The Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT). 

Stretching the Wavelet by factors of 2 without downsampling. 

Tradeoffs between the alias-free processing and the extra 

storage and computational burdens. A hybrid process using 

both the DWT and the RDWT. Demonstrations and uses. 

6. “Perfect Reconstruction Filters”. How to cancel the 

effects of aliasing. How to recognize and avoid any traps. A 

breakthrough method to see the filters as basic Wavelets. 

The “magic” of alias cancellation demonstrated in both the 

time and frequency domains. 

7. Highly useful properties of popular Wavelets. How 

to choose the best Wavelet for your application. When to 

create your own and when to stay with proven favorites. 

8. Compression and De-Noising using Wavelets. How 

to remove unwanted or non-critical data without throwing 

away the alias cancellation capability. A new, powerful method 

to extract signals from large amounts of noise. 

Demonstrations. 

9. Additional Methods and Applications. Image 

Processing. Detecting Discontinuities, Self-Similarities and 

Transitory Events. Speech Processing. Human Vision. Audio 

and Video. BPSK/QPSK Signals. Wavelet Packet Analysis. 

Matched Filtering. How to read and use the various Wavelet 

Displays. Demonstrations. 

10. Further Resources. The very best of Wavelet 

references. 


NEW! 

Wireless Sensor Networking (WSN) 

Motes, Relays & the C4I Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) 

Summary 

This 4-day course is designed for remote sensing 

engineers, process control architects, security system 

engineers, instrumentation designers, ISR developers, 

and program managers who wish to enhance their 

understanding of ad hoc wireless sensor networks 

(WSN) and how to design, develop, and implement 

these netted sensors to solve a myriad of applications 

including: smart building installation, process control, 

asset tracking, military operations and C4I 

applications, as well as energy monitoring. The 

concept of low-cost sensors, structured into a large 

network to provide extreme fidelity with an extensive 

capability over a large-scale system is described in 

detail using technologies derived from robust radiostacked 

microcontrollers, cellular logic, SOA-based 

systems, and adroit insertion of adaptive, and 

changeable, middleware. 

Instructor 

Timothy D. Cole is president of a leading edge 

consulting firm. Mr. Cole has 

developed sensor & data exfiltration 

solutions employing WSN under the 

auspices of DARPA and has applied 

the underlying technologies to 

various problems including: military 

based cuing of sensors, intelligence 

gathering, first responders, and border 

protection. Mr. Cole holds degrees in Electrical 

Engineering (BES, MSEE) and Technical 

Management (MS). He also has been awarded 

the NASA Achievement Award and was a 

Technical Fellow for Northrop Grumman. He has 

authored over 25 papers. 


• What can robust, ad hoc wireless sensing provide 

beyond that of conventional sensor systems. 

• How can low-cost sensors perform on par with 

expensive sensors. 

• What is required to achieve comprehensive 

monitoring. 

• Why is multi-hopping “crucial” to permit effective 

systems. 

• What ‘s required from the power management 

systems. 

• What are WSN characteristics. 

• What do effective WSN systems cost. 

From this course you will obtain knowledge and 

ability to perform wireless sensor networking 

design & engineering calculations, identify 

tradeoffs, interact meaningfully with ISR, security 

colleagues, evaluate systems, and understand the 

literature. 

October 24-27, 2011 


$1890 (8:30am - 4:30pm) 




1. Introduction To Ad HOC Mesh Networking 

and The Advent of Embedded Middleware. 

2. Understanding the Wireless Ad HOC 

Sensor Network (WSN) and Sensor Node 

(“Mote”) Hardware. Mote core (fundamental 

consists of): radio-stack, low-power microcontroller, 

‘GPS’ system, power distribution, memory (flash), 

data acquisition microsystems (ADC). Sensor 

modalities. Design goals and objectives. 

Descriptions and examples of mote passive and 

active (e.g., ultra wideband, UWB) sensors. 

3. Reviewing The Software Required 

Including Orotocols. Programming environment. 

Real-time, event-driven, with OTA programming 

capability, deluge implementation, distributed 

processing (middleware). Low-power. Mote design, 

field design, overall architecture regulation & 

distribution. 

4. Reviewing Principles of The Radio 

Frequency Characterization & Propagation 

At/Near The Ground level. RF propagation, Multipath, 

fading, Scattering & attenuation, Link 

calculations & Reliability. 

5. Network Management Systems (NMS). Selforganizing 

capability. Multi-hop capabilities. Lowpower 

media Access Communications, LPMAC. 

Middleware. 

6. Mote Field Architecture. Mote field logistics & 

initialization. Relay definition and requirements. 

Backhaul data communications: Cellular, SATCOM, 

LP-SEIWG-005A. 

7. Mission Analysis. Mission definition and 

needs. Mission planning. Interaction between mote 

fields and sophisticated sensors. Distribution of 

motes. 

8. Deployment Mechanisms. Relay statistics, 

Exfiltration capabilities, Localization. Including 

Autonomous (iterative) solutions, direct GPS 

chipset, and/or referenced. 

9. Situational Awareness. Common Operating 

Picture, COP. GUI displays. 

10. Case Studies. DARPA’s ExANT experiment, 

The use of WSN for ISR, Application to IED, 

Application towards 1st Responders (firemen), 

Employment of WSN to work process control, Asset 

tracking. 


SECURITY / NETWORKING 

Security+ Certification (5 Days) - Exam Voucher Included 

CompTIA Security+ is the primary course you need to take if your job responsibilities include 

securing network services, network devices, and network traffic or if you need to prepare for the 

CompTIA Security+ examination (exam number SY0-101). In this course, you will build on your 

knowledge and professional experience with computer hardware, operating systems, and networks as 

you acquire the specific skills required to implement basic security services on any type of computer 

network. 

Class Dates – 12/5/11 and 2/20/12 • Columbia, Maryland • List Price – $2500 / Govt. Price – $2250 

Network+ Certification (5 Days) - Exam 

Voucher Included 

CompTIA Network+ builds on existing userlevel 

knowledge and experience with PC 

operating systems and networks to present 

fundamental skills and concepts that students will 

use on the job in any type of networking career. 

For those pursuing a CompTIA technical 

certification path, the CompTIA A+ certification is 

an excellent first step to take before preparing for 

the CompTIA Network+ certification. 

Class Dates – 1/23/12 and 4/16/12 • Columbia, Maryland 

List Price – $2500 / Govt. Price – $2250 

CISSP (5 Days) - Exam Voucher Included 

This course trains students in all areas of the security Common Body of Knowledge. Students will 

learn security policy development, secure software development procedures, network vulnerabilities, 

attack types and corresponding countermeasures, cryptography concepts and their uses, disaster 

recovery plans and procedures, risk analysis, crucial laws and regulations, forensics basics, computer 

crime investigation procedures, physical security, and more. There are four processes a candidate must 

successfully complete to become a certified CISSP. To sit for an exam, candidates must assert that they 

possess a minimum of five years of experience in the information security field or four years of 

experience, plus a college degree. 

Class Dates – 12/5/11 and 2/20/12 • Columbia, Maryland • List Price – $3150 / Govt. Price – $2850 

CCNAX v1.1 - Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices: Accelerated (5 Days) 

CCNAX is an extended hours instructor-led boot camp that provides students with the knowledge and 

skills necessary to install, operate, and troubleshoot a small to medium-sized network, including 

connecting to a WAN and implementing network security. The ideal candidate would be someone who 

has worked in a data network environment (PC support/helpdesk or network operations/monitoring) and 

has had hands-on experience, though no formal training, with Cisco IOS devices. This boot camp will 

serve to review and expand on what the candidate already knows and add to it, the detailed 

configuration and implementation of Cisco IOS devices. Prospective students should prepare 

themselves for course days consisting of at least 10 hours and as long as 12 hours. Homework will be 

assigned and reviewed daily. Those new to networking and to Cisco IOS should consider taking the 

ICND1 and ICND2 classes instead of CCNAX v1.1. 

Class Date – 11/7/11 • Columbia, Maryland • List Price – $3495 / Govt. Price – $3145.50 

NEW! 

Certified Ethical Hacker (5 Days) - Exam 

Voucher Included 

Students will learn how to scan, test, and hack 

their own systems, gaining in-depth knowledge 

and practical experience with current essential 

security systems. They will learn how perimeter 

defenses work and how intruders escalate 

privileges. Students will also learn about Intrusion 

Detection, Policy Creation, Social Engineering, 

DDoS Attacks, Buffer Overflows, and Virus 

Creation. 

Class Dates – 12/5/11 and 1/30/12 • Columbia, Maryland 

List Price – $2780 / Govt. Price – $2500 

Department of Defense Directive 8570 provides guidance and procedures for the training, 

certification, and management of all government employees who conduct Information Assurance 

functions in assigned duty positions. These individuals are required to carry an approved certification 

for their particular job classification as well as Operating system certification for the operating system 

they support. Information Assurance Technical (IAT) and IA Management (IAM) personnel must be fully 

trained and certified to baseline requirements to perform their IA duties. The policy defines IAT 

workforce members as anyone with privileged information system access performing IA functions. IAM 

personnel perform management functions for DoD operational systems described in the Manual. 


TOPICS for ON-SITE courses 

ATI offers these courses AT YOUR LOCATION...customized for you! 

Spacecraft & Aerospace Engineering 

Advanced Satellite Communications Systems 

Attitude Determination & Control 

Composite Materials for Aerospace Applications 

Design & Analysis of Bolted Joints 

Effective Design Reviews for Aerospace Programs 

GIS, GPS & Remote Sensing (Geomatics) 

GPS Technology 

Ground System Design & Operation 


Introduction To Space 

IP Networking Over Satellite 

Launch Vehicle Selection, Performance & Use 

New Directions in Space Remote Sensing 

Orbital Mechanics: Ideas & Insights 

Payload Integration & Processing 

Remote Sensing for Earth Applications 

Risk Assessment for Space Flight 

Satellite Communication Introduction 


Satellite Design & Technology 

Satellite Laser Communications 

Satellite RF Comm & Onboard Processing 

Space-Based Laser Systems 

Space Based Radar 

Space Environment 

Space Hardware Instrumentation 

Space Mission Structures 

Space Systems Intermediate Design 

Space Systems Subsystems Design 

Space Systems Fundamentals 

Spacecraft Power Systems 

Spacecraft QA, Integration & Testing 

Spacecraft Structural Design 

Spacecraft Systems Design & Engineering 

Spacecraft Thermal Control 

Engineering & Data Analysis 

Aerospace Simulations in C++ 

Advanced Topics in Digital Signal Processing 

Antenna & Array Fundamentals 

Applied Measurement Engineering 

Digital Processing Systems Design 

Exploring Data: Visualization 

Fiber Optics Systems Engineering 

Fundamentals of Statistics with Excel Examples 


Introduction To Control Systems 

Introduction to EMI/EMC Practical EMI Fixes 

Kalman Filtering with Applications 

Optimization, Modeling & Simulation 

Practical Signal Processing Using MATLAB 

Practical Design of Experiments 

Self-Organizing Wireless Networks 


Other Topics 

Call us to discuss your requirements and 

objectives. Our experts can tailor leading-edge 

cost-effective courses to your specifications. 

OUTLINES & INSTRUCTOR BIOS at 


Sonar & Acoustic Engineering 

Acoustics, Fundamentals, Measurements and Applications 

Advanced Undersea Warfare 

Applied Physical Oceanography 

AUV & ROV Technology 

Design & Use of Sonar Transducers 

Developments In Mine Warfare 

Fundamentals of Sonar Transducers 

Mechanics of Underwater Noise 

Sonar Principles & ASW Analysis 

Sonar Signal Processing 

Submarines & Combat Systems 

Underwater Acoustic Modeling 

Underwater Acoustic Systems 

Vibration & Noise Control 

Vibration & Shock Measurement & 

Testing 

Radar/Missile/Defense 

Advanced Developments in Radar 

Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar 

Combat Systems Engineering 

C4ISR Requirements & Systems 

Electronic Warfare Overview 


Fundamentals of Link 16 / JTIDS / MIDS 

Fundamentals of Radar 

Fundamentals of Rockets & Missiles 

GPS Technology 


Kalman, H-Infinity, & Nonlinear Estimation 

Missile Autopilots 

Modern Infrared Sensor Technology 


Propagation Effects for Radar & Comm 

Radar Signal Processing. 

Radar System Design & Engineering 

Multi-Target Tracking & Multi-Sensor Data Fusion 

Space-Based Radar 

Synthetic Aperture Radar 

Tactical Missile Design & Engineering 

Systems Engineering and Project Management 

Certified Systems Engineer Professional Exam Preparation 


Principles Of Test & Evaluation 

Project Management Fundamentals 

Project Management Series 

Systems Of Systems 

Kalman Filtering with Applications 

Test Design And Analysis 

Total Systems Engineering Development 


Boost Your Skills 

with ATI On-site Training 

Any Course Can Be Taught Economically For 8 or More 

All ATI courses can easily be tailored to your specific applications and technologies. “On-site” training 

represents a cost-effective, timely and flexible training solution with leading experts at your facility. Save 

an average of 40% with an onsite (based on the cost of a public course). 

Onsite Training Benefits 

How It Works 

Customized to your facility’s specific 

applications 

40 to 60 % discounts per/person 

Tailored course manuals for each student 

Industry expert instructors 

Confidential environment 

No obligation or risk until two weeks 

before the event 

Multi-course program discounts 

New courses can be developed to 

meet your specific requirements 

Call and we will explain in detail what we can do for you, what it will cost, and 

what you can expect in results and future capabilities. 888.501.2100 

5 EASY WAYS TO REGISTER 

FAX paperwork to 

410-956-5785 

Phone 

1-888-501-2100 or 

410-956-8805 

Via the Internet 

using the on-line 

registration paperwork at 


Email ATI@ATIcourses.com 

Mail paperwork to 

AT I COURSES, LLC 


Riva, MD 21140-1433 

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Call or e-mail us with your course interest(s). 

Discuss your training objectives and audience. 

Identify which courses will meet your goals. 

ATI will prepare and send you a quote to review 

with sample course material to present to your 

supervisor. 

Schedule the presentation at your convenience. 

Conference with the instructor prior to the event. 

ATI prepares and presents all materials and delivers 

measurable results. 

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Technical Training since 1984 

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Riva, Maryland 21140-1433

Acoustics & Sonar Engineering Radar, Missiles & Defense Systems ...

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