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526 JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS, VOL. 9, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2000<br />

REFERENCES<br />

[1] Epstein et al., “Power MEMS and <strong>micro</strong><strong>engine</strong>s,” in IEEE Conf. Solid<br />

State Sensors Actuators, Chicago, IL, 1997.<br />

[2] , “Micro-heat <strong>engine</strong>s, <strong>gas</strong> <strong>turbine</strong>s, and rocket <strong>engine</strong>s,” in 28th<br />

AIAA Fluid Dyn. Conf. 4th AIAA Shear Flow Contr. Conf., Snowmass<br />

Village, CO, 1997.<br />

[3] C. Groshenry, “Preliminary study of a <strong>micro</strong>-<strong>gas</strong> <strong>turbine</strong> <strong>engine</strong>,” S.M.<br />

thesis, Mass. Inst. Technol., Cambridge, 1995.<br />

[4] Waitz et al., “Combustors <strong>for</strong> <strong>micro</strong>-<strong>gas</strong> <strong>turbine</strong> <strong>engine</strong>s,” ASME J.<br />

Fluids Eng., vol. 120, Mar. 1998.<br />

[5] A. Mehra and I. A. Waitz, “Development of a hydrogen combustor <strong>for</strong><br />

a <strong>micro</strong>fabricated <strong>gas</strong> <strong>turbine</strong> <strong>engine</strong>,” in Solid-State Sensor Actuator<br />

Workshop, Hilton Head, SC, 1998.<br />

[6] A. Mehra et al., “Microfabrication of high temperature <strong>silicon</strong> devices<br />

using <strong>wafer</strong> bonding and deep reactive ion etching,” IEEE/ASME J. Microelectromech.<br />

Syst., vol. 8, June 1999.<br />

[7] K.-S. Chen, “Materials characterization and structural design of ceramic<br />

<strong>micro</strong> turbomachinery,” Ph.D. dissertation, Mass. Inst. Technol., Cambridge,<br />

1999.<br />

[8] A. Mehra, “Development of a high power sensity <strong>combustion</strong> <strong>system</strong><br />

<strong>for</strong> a <strong>silicon</strong> <strong>micro</strong> <strong>gas</strong> <strong>turbine</strong> <strong>engine</strong>,” Ph.D. dissertation, Mass. Inst.<br />

Technol., Cambridge, 2000.<br />

[9] J. A. Schetz, “Injection and mixing in turbulent flow,” AIAA Prog. Aeronaut.<br />

Astronaut., vol. 68, 1980.<br />

[10] Ayón et al., “Characterization of a time multiplexed inductively coupled<br />

plasma etcher,” J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 146, no. 1, Jan. 1999.<br />

[11] W. Kern and D. A. Puotinen, “Cleaning solutions based on hydrogen<br />

peroxide <strong>for</strong> use in <strong>silicon</strong> semiconductor technology,” RCA Rev., vol.<br />

31, pp. 187–206, 1970.<br />

[12] A. P. London, “Development and test of a <strong>micro</strong>fabricated bipropellant<br />

rocket <strong>engine</strong>,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Aeronaut. Astronaut., Mass.<br />

Inst. Technol., Cambridge, 2000.<br />

[13] P. Coffee et al., “The overall reaction concept in premixed, laminar,<br />

steady-state flames. I. Stoichiometries,” Combust. Flame, vol. 54, pp.<br />

155–169, 1983.<br />

[14] K. K. Kuo, Principles of Combustion. New York: Wiley, 1986.<br />

Amit Mehra received the B.S. degree in <strong>engine</strong>ering<br />

and applied science from the Cali<strong>for</strong>nia Institute of<br />

Technology, Pasadena, in June 1995. He received the<br />

S.M. and Ph.D. degrees in aeronautics and astronautics<br />

from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,<br />

Cambridge, in June 1997 and January 2000, respectively.<br />

His areas of research include turbomachinery<br />

fluid dynamics, <strong>combustion</strong>, and MEMS. He is currently<br />

working <strong>for</strong> a strategy consulting firm in Washington,<br />

D.C.<br />

Dr. Mehra is a Member of the American Society of<br />

Mechanical Engineers, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,<br />

the Tau Beta Pi National Engineering Honor Society, and the Sigma Xi National<br />

Research Society.<br />

Xin Zhang (M’99) received the B.S. and M.S.<br />

degrees in materials science and <strong>engine</strong>ering from<br />

Northeastern University, Shenyang, China, in 1991<br />

and 1994, respectively. She received the Ph.D.<br />

degree in mechanical <strong>engine</strong>ering from Hong Kong<br />

University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong,<br />

in 1998. Her Ph.D. research focused on residual<br />

stress and mechanical properties of thin films <strong>for</strong><br />

MEMS applications.<br />

Since 1998, she has been with the Massachusetts<br />

Institute of Technology, Cambridge, where she is<br />

currently a Research Scientist with the Micro<strong>system</strong>s Technology Laboratories.<br />

Her research interests are in MEMS, especially the advanced <strong>micro</strong>fabrication<br />

technologies <strong>for</strong> realization of <strong>micro</strong>machined <strong>turbine</strong> <strong>engine</strong>s, and the issues<br />

related to materials science and <strong>engine</strong>ering, including materials science in<br />

MEMS, new materials <strong>for</strong> MEMS, and reliability of MEMS.<br />

Dr. Zhang is a Member of the IEEE Electron Devices Society, the Materials<br />

Research Society, the Electrochemical Society, and the American Vacuum Society.<br />

Arturo A. Ayón (M’95) was born in Navojoa,<br />

Mexico, on July 17, 1958. He received the B.S. degree<br />

in electronic <strong>engine</strong>ering from the Universidad<br />

de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico in 1983 and<br />

the Ph.D degree in nuclear science and <strong>engine</strong>ering<br />

from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, in 1996.<br />

Beginning in 1983, based in Rochester, MN,<br />

he served as <strong>engine</strong>ering liaison between the IBM<br />

manufacturing plant in Mexico and the IBM development<br />

plant in the United States. In 1985, he was<br />

appointed Manufacturing and Quality Engineering<br />

Manager and moved to Mexico to oversee the operation of the newly installed<br />

manufacturing lines <strong>for</strong> computer <strong>system</strong>s. In 1986, he started a marketing and<br />

distribution center <strong>for</strong> plastic commodities in Guadalajara. He later sold this<br />

operation to return to graduate school. In 1996, he joined the Massachusetts<br />

Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, where he actively participated in<br />

the emerging field of power MEMS. That ef<strong>for</strong>t involved the development<br />

and <strong>micro</strong>fabrication of turbomachinery, <strong>micro</strong>rockets, and power generation<br />

devices. During his commitment at MIT, he was extensively involved with<br />

deep reactive ion etching of <strong>silicon</strong>, thin-film characterization, and <strong>wafer</strong><br />

bonding. He is currently MEMS business Development Manager at the Sony<br />

semiconductor facility, San Antonio, TX.<br />

Dr. Ayón is a Member of the American Vacuum Society, the Electrochemical<br />

Society, and the IEEE Electron Devices Society.<br />

Ian A. Waitz received the B.S. degree in aerospace<br />

<strong>engine</strong>ering from Pennsylvania State University,<br />

State College, in 1986, the M.S. degree in aeronautics<br />

from Joint Institute <strong>for</strong> Advancement of Flight<br />

Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, George<br />

Washington University, Hampton, VA, in 1988, and<br />

the Ph.D. degree in aeronautics from the Cali<strong>for</strong>nia<br />

Institute of Technology, Pasadena, in 1991.<br />

He is an Associate Professor of Aeronautics<br />

and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute<br />

of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, where he is<br />

Associate Director of the MIT Gas Turbine Laboratory, Director of the<br />

Aero-Environmental Research Laboratory, and the Raymond L. Bisplinghoff<br />

Faculty Fellow. His principal fields of interest include propulsion; fluid<br />

mechanics; thermodynamics; reacting flows; aeroacoustics; and, in particular,<br />

aspects of the above that relate to environmental issues associated with aircraft<br />

design and operation. He has written approximately 50 technical publications<br />

on these topics, holds two patents, and has served as a consultant <strong>for</strong> 20<br />

different organizations and as an Associate Editor of the AIAA Journal of<br />

Propulsion and Power.<br />

Dr. Waitz is an Associate Fellow of the AIAA, a Member of ASME and<br />

ASEE, and currently teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in the fields of<br />

thermodynamics and energy conversion, propulsion, fluid mechanics, and environmental<br />

effects of aircraft.<br />

Martin A. Schmidt is a Professor of Electrical<br />

Engineering with the Department of Electrical Engineering<br />

and Computer Science, the Massachusetts<br />

Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge. He<br />

is also Director of the Micro<strong>system</strong>s Technology<br />

Laboratory at MIT. His research interests are<br />

<strong>micro</strong>fabrication of sensors, actuators, and electronic<br />

devices, MEMS, the design of <strong>micro</strong>mechanical<br />

sensors, and actuator <strong>micro</strong>fabrication technology.<br />

He investigates <strong>micro</strong>fabrication technologies <strong>for</strong><br />

integrated circuits, sensors, and actuators; the design<br />

of <strong>micro</strong>mechanical sensor and actuator <strong>system</strong>s; mechanical properties of<br />

<strong>micro</strong>electronic materials, with emphasis on <strong>silicon</strong> <strong>wafer</strong> bonding technology;<br />

integrated <strong>micro</strong>sensors; and <strong>micro</strong>fluidic devices. His current research<br />

projects involve novel applications of MEMS technologies to a variety of fields,<br />

including miniature <strong>gas</strong> <strong>turbine</strong>s, miniature chemical reactors, <strong>micro</strong>switches,<br />

biological applications, and sensors monolithically integrated with electronics.

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