Mastering Visual Basic .NET

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These statements will produce output like the following when executed: Fax HPLaser \\EXPERT\XEROX The first two printers are local (Fax isn’t even a printer; it’s a driver for the fax and it’s installed by Windows). The last printer’s name is XEROX and it’s a network printer, connected to the EXPERT workstation. You can also change the current printer by setting the PrinterName property of the PrinterSettings property with either of the following statements: PrintDocument1.PrinterSettings.PrinterName = “HPLaser” PrintDocument1.PrinterSettings.PrinterName = _ PrintDocument1.PrinterSettings.InstalledPrinters(1) PRINTER AND PAGE PROPERTIES Another property that needs additional explanation is the PrinterResolution object. The Printer- Resolution object provides the Kind property, which returns, or sets, the current resolution of the printer, and its value is one of the PrinterResolutionKind enumeration’s members: Custom, Draft, High, Low, and Medium. To find out the exact horizontal and vertical resolutions, read the X and Y properties of the PrinterResolution object. When you set the PrinterResolution.Kind property to Custom, you must specify the X and Y properties. Note that the PrinterResolution object is a property of the PageSettings object. The Printer- Settings object exposes a similarly named object, the PrinterResolutions property. This property is a collection that returns all resolution kinds, which are the members of the PrinterResolutionKind enumeration. Page Geometry Printing on a page is similar to generating graphics on your screen. Like the drawing surface on the monitor (the client area), the page on which you’re printing has a fixed size and resolution. The most challenging aspect of printing is the calculation of the coordinates, where each graphic element will appear. In business applications, the most common elements are strings (rendered in various fonts, styles, and sizes), lines, and rectangles, which are used as borders for tabular data. Although you can print anywhere on the page (if you want, you can start filling the page from the bottom up), we usually print one element at a time, calculate the space it takes on the page, and then print the next element next or below it. Printing code makes heavy use of the MeasureString method, and nearly all of the examples in this chapter make use of this method. The printable area is determined by the size of the paper you’re using, and in most cases it’s 8.5×11 inches (keep in mind that most printers can’t print near the edge of the page). Printed pages have a margin on all four sides, and you can set a different margin on every side. The user determines the margins through the Page Setup dialog box, and your program is confined to drawing within the specified margins. You can access the current page’s margins through the Margins property of the PrintDocument1 .DefaultPageSettings object. This object exposes the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom properties, which are the values of the four margins. The margins, as well as the page coordinates, are expressed in hundredths of an inch. The width of a standard letter-sized page, for example, is 8,500 units and its height 709
710 Chapter 15 PRINTING WITH VB.<strong>NET</strong> is 11,000 units. Of course, you can use non-integer values for even greater granularity, but you won’t see two straight lines printed at less than one hundredth of an inch apart. You can use other units, which are all members of the PageUnit enumeration, which was discussed in the previous chapter. Note In the examples of this chapter, I’m using the default units, and since there are 100 units in an inch, all the variables that represent coordinates and sizes are declared as Integer. You can also declare them as Single, but a fraction of a hundredth of an inch isn’t going to make any difference in your printout. Another property exposed by the DefaultSettings object is the PageSize property, which in turn exposes the Width and Height properties. The width and height of the page are given by the following expressions: PrintDocument1.DefaultPageSettings.PaperSize.Width PrintDocument1.DefaultPageSettings.PaperSize.Height The top of the page is at coordinates (0, 0), which corresponds to the top-left corner of the page. We never actually print at this corner. The coordinates of the top-left corner of the printable area of the page are given by the following expressions: PrintDocument1.DefaultPageSettings.Margins.Top PrintDocument1.DefaultPageSettings.Margins.Left VB.<strong>NET</strong> at Work: The SimplePrintout Project Let’s start with a very simple application that prints a string at the top-left corner of the page (the origin of the page) and a rectangle that delimits the page’s printable area. To print something, start by dropping the PrintDocument object on your form. An instance of the control will appear in the Components tray, as this control is invisible at runtime. Then place a button on the form and in its Click event handler enter the following statement: PrintDocument1.Print() This tells the PrintDocument object that you’re ready to print. The PrintDocument object will fire the BeginPrint event, where you can place any initialization code. Then, it will fire the PrintPage event, whose definition is Private Sub PrintDocument1_PrintPage(ByVal sender As Object, _ ByVal e As System.Drawing.Printing.PrintPageEventArgs) _ Handles PrintDocument1.PrintPage End Sub This event doesn’t signal an external action; it’s the PrintDocument object’s way of receiving your printing statements (it tells the application “I’m ready to print another page, so please tell me what to print”). As implied by its name, the PrintPage event is fired once for each page. You must place the VB code required to produce the desired output in this event’s handler. So, how do we access the printer from within this event? The e argument exposes several members, the most important of them being the Graphics property. The e.Graphics property is a Graphics object, which you can use to draw on the page. Anything you draw on this object is printed on paper. As you recall from the previous chapter, the
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Using Your Sybex Electronic Book To
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Associate Publisher: Richard Mills
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To my family
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Contents at a Glance Introduction.
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Introduction Welcome to .NET and Vi
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INTRODUCTION How About the Advanced
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INTRODUCTION browser. Web services
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Chapter 1 Getting Started with VB.N
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Figure 1.1 This is what you’ll se
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Figure 1.3 The integrated developme
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In the Properties window, also know
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THE INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONM
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Figure 1.8 A simple application tha
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Listing 1.1: Processing a User-Supp
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Figure 1.10 Displaying options on a
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THE IDE COMPONENTS As you realize,
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Figure 1.13 Viewing the possible se
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THE IDE COMPONENTS Tools Menu This
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generated by the compiler, and you
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Controls expose methods, too, which
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a new application, place a Button c
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Listing 1.4: A Console Application
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Chapter 2 Visual Basic Projects The
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value. In effect, this is the essen
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BUILDING A LOAN CALCULATOR 2. Place
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Show Payment button won’t have an
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◆ The second argument is the dura
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BUILDING A LOAN CALCULATOR Exit Sub
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The Single data type can hold much
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aligned in many ways, so don’t wo
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Listing 2.4: The Clear Button Priva
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subroutine on a form on which the v
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The result variable will most likel
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clearDisplay = True End Sub Private
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VB6 programmers used the term error
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little early in the book to discuss
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TAKING THE LOANCALCULATOR TO THE WE
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Figure 2.9 Editing the Web form’s
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created and displayed. If the varia
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WORKING WITH MULTIPLE FORMS Working
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Applications designed for the Windo
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Figure 2.15 Adding a Setup and Depl
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The Manufacturer property will beco
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you’re ready to build an installe
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Verifying the Installation You alre
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Chapter 3 Visual Basic: The Languag
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Variables in VB.NET are more than j
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When you declare variables in your
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If you want to declare multiple var
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Table 3.1: Visual Basic Numeric Dat
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In a button’s Click event handler
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of the floating point, and it’s a
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and display the variable’s value:
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This listing will generate a NaN va
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Boolean operators operate on Boolea
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Char data type exposes interesting
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If the Strict option is on, you can
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Figure 3.1 Setting the Strict and E
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This is called late binding, and it
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subtle errors, and they avoid it. I
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When the Strict option is On, VB.NE
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To declare variables of this new ty
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{ use brush object to draw with } b
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numeric value, or click the Cancel
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variable without good reason. Varia
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they’re used by a couple of funct
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The name of the constant follows th
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salary, but even this data can be h
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The first element is names(0), and
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You can think of a three-dimensiona
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Note that the ReDim statement can
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VARIABLES AS OBJECTS the meantime,
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Notice that ToString is a method, n
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Formatting Dates To format dates, u
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If…Then…Else A variation of the
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The Select Case structure tests a s
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Loop Structures Loop structures all
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To execute a block of statements un
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While…End While The While…End W
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the code automatically as you edit.
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SUMMARY Summary It’s been a long
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152 Chapter 4 WRITING AND USING PRO
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Chapter 5 Working with Forms In Vis
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Clicking the icon on the left end o
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AutoScrollMinSize This property let
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Or, you can set the width and heigh
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“Building Dynamic Forms at Runtim
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Figure 5.4 A simple data-entry scre
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compares the key pressed to the F10
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Figure 5.5 The settings of the Anch
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Figure 5.8 Filling a form with two
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Figure 5.10 An elaborate form with
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There’s a better approach to impo
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As mentioned earlier, the Paint eve
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Figure 5.12 In the Properties windo
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Another technique for exposing the
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Here, PasswordForm is the name of t
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Listing 5.5: Prompting the User for
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MsgBox(MainForm.strProperty, MsgBox
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The DLG variable is declared on the
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Table 5.6: The Captions and Names o
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Programming Menu Commands Menu comm
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DESIGNING MENUS Using Access and Sh
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Table 5.7: LongMenu Command Structu
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Listing 5.11: Programming Dynamic M
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The code behind the Map Menu button
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ttn.Text = “New Button” bttn.Le
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control type. The following stateme
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Next Else For i = Me.Controls.Count
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Creating Event Handlers at Runtime
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Chapter 6 Basic Windows Controls In
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THE TEXTBOX CONTROL Basic Propertie
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THE TEXTBOX CONTROL The AcceptsTab
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Listing 6.1: Locating a String in a
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SelectedText property. To convert t
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THE TEXTBOX CONTROL Undoing Edits A
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Table 6.1: The Menu of the TextPad
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The Process and Customize Menus The
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the control to be shared. In our ca
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The code of the Find Again button i
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some custom preprocessing of the da
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With a little additional effort, yo
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Items The Items property is a colle
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Each member of the Items collection
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where item is the object to be adde
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Figure 6.7 ListDemo demonstrates mo
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The second arrow button transfers i
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If you search for “SAC”, for ex
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There’s one aspect worth mentioni
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You can also add new items at runti
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VB.NET at Work: The Colors Project
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Listing 6.17: Programming the Scrol
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The Label controls below the tick m
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Listing 6.19: SelectionChanged Even
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290 Chapter 7 MORE WINDOWS CONTROLS
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Chapter 8 Building Custom Classes C
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BUILDING THE MINIMAL CLASS you must
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The following lines will be printed
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Every time you create a new variabl
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Throw AgeException Else tAge = Valu
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Now we must do something about the
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The last two statements will print
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Note Note that the custom Equals me
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First, you must change the type of
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provide a handler for the event, th
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After this declaration, the TimerOb
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done is out of the question, so thi
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When an application initiates an op
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class’s type. If the class has al
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Note You can use the Split method o
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strNum = strNum & “ And “ & For
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openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() Consol
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Get ContactName = _contactName End
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method, so we must provide our own
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contact.EMail = txtEMail.Text conta
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So, how can we update a class that
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Original List After Elimination of
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Polymorphism This is another powerf
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If there are properties common to a
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Testing the Shape Class To test the
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Let’s start with the Triangle cla
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the month that was passed to the me
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WHO CAN INHERIT WHAT? Derived Class
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Get Property2 = “Original Propert
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Is it reasonable for a method of th
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The result of a matrix operation is
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Chapter 9 Building Custom Windows C
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ENHANCING EXISTING CONTROLS Designe
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Then save the project by selecting
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add some visual indication when a m
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Figure 9.3 The custom properties of
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Building Compound Controls A compou
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You can also specify a color value
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Building User-Drawn Controls This i
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Table 9.2: The Settings of the Effe
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The current settings of the two pro
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This subroutine calls for a few exp
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The Changed Events The UserControl
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Then, declare the following event i
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Listing 9.12: Setting Up the Two Al
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The procedures for implementing the
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The code also compares the current
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Listing 9.19: The RoundButton Contr
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ackground of each item, draw the te
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technique—for example, you can pl
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To test the enhanced ListBox contro
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Listing 9.25: Navigating to a URL w
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Chapter 10 Automating Microsoft Off
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The New keyword tells VB to create
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Objects That Represent Text The mos
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As with the Print method, the argum
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You can then apply the Range object
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of the members of the WDSelectionTy
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.Font.Size = WordApp.Selection.Font
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MsgBox(“The document contains “
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upon Word’s spell-checking routin
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Dim SpellCollection As Word.Proofre
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ListBox2.Items.Add(ListBox1.Items(w
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To access an individual worksheet,
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The Clear method resets all the cel
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Listing 10.9: Preparing a New Sprea
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Figure 10.5 This spreadsheet was cr
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to the cell, and if you read back t
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Figure 10.6 The properties of the C
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For cnt = 1 To allContacts.Items.Co
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Figure 10.8 Demonstrating how to re
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In the Messages project, you use th
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the case for users with a small num
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newNode = parentNode.Nodes.Add(subF
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Part III Basic Framework Classes In
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480 Chapter 11 STORING DATA IN COLL
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530 Chapter 12 HANDLING STRINGS, CH
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570 Chapter 13 WORKING WITH FOLDERS
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Part IV Intermediate Programming In
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620 Chapter 14 DRAWING AND PAINTING
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760 Chapter 16 THE TREEVIEW AND LIS
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Chapter 17 Error Handling and Debug
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Figure 17.3 Once declared, the vari
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the manager of the department calls
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Studying an Exception The exception
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exception is generated, so it’s d
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Listing 17.7: Handling an Exception
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This code is taken from a ProgressB
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The figure displays the first of th
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We’ve seen that error before—it
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SUMMARY Note There are many more ad
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812 Chapter 18 RECURSIVE PROGRAMMIN
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Chapter 19 The Multiple Document In
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MDI APPLICATIONS: THE BASICS of the
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New command. Before we can open a c
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The other four options of the Windo
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and ends with a separator. The top
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Figure 19.5 The parent menu (top le
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To access the contents of a TextBox
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Programming the New Command The New
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Listing 19.6: The Save Command Priv
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If Me.ActiveMdiChild Is Nothing The
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ttnFindNext.Enabled = True bttnRepl
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may have to maintain a list of True
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2. Rename the form to MDIImage and
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The code resizes the PictureBox con
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SUMMARY Summary In this, the last c
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Chapter 20 Databases: Architecture
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how to extract data from your datab
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Suppliers Table Each product has a
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WHAT IS A DATABASE? Exploring the P
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WHAT IS A DATABASE? is the foreign
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(basically, the driver you’ll use
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Figure 20.7 Editing the Customers t
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THE SERVER EXPLORER in the U.S., yo
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THE SERVER EXPLORER Enforce relatio
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THE SERVER EXPLORER Indexes/Keys Ta
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To make a constraint part of the da
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Alternatively, you can prefix the S
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the WHERE clause to specify how the
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names from the Customers table, you
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This statement will calculate the s
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FROM [Order Details] WHERE ProductI
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You can retrieve the same rows usin
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Limiting Groups with HAVING The HAV
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If you want to specify values for a
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operations, instead of typing compl
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If you paste this statement in the
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field in the Orders table. A new li
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dbo.Products.ProductID = dbo.[Order
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TitleAuthor, and Authors. Then chec
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This time the Query Builder will ge
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The first statement alters the proc
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Select all the text on the editor a
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it would be replaced by the second
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Chapter 21 Building Database Applic
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THE ARCHITECTURE OF ADO.NET the mod
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The first object, SqlConnection1, i
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Figure 21.2 To generate a DataSet,
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The first statement clears the curr
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to the parent table, select another
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CREATING A DATASET By default, the
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on the Data Adapter Configuration W
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Listing 21.1: Populating a DataSet
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and the Tag property to the table
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The PositionChanged() subroutine di
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and rename it to LookupCustomers. T
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DataSet. You can select a few field
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Listing 21.8: Navigating via the Li
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PROGRAMMING THE DATAADAPTER OBJECT
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Listing 21.9: Selecting Customer’
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THE COMMAND AND DATAREADER OBJECTS
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at all, and it’s certainly more e
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While SQLReader.Read txtOrders.Text
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964 Chapter 22 PROGRAMMING THE ADO.
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VB.NET on the Web Part VI In this s
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1000 Chapter 23 INTRODUCTION TO WEB
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1048 Chapter 24 ACCESSING DATA ON T
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Chapter 25 XML Web Services The las
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Building a Web Service In all previ
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The two methods are hyperlinks. Cli
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As you can see, each Web service is
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that appears (Figure 25.5), enter t
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Figure 25.11 Binding a DataGrid Web
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