Chapter 6: Tense, aspect and mood

nasal does not vary with an alveolar, whereas in subclass 1B(ii-b) both apicals are attested in the
NP2. Table 6.5 presents the paradigms.
Suffixes
1B(ii-a): +wa-
(e.g. -yu+wa- ‘follow’)
1B(ii-b): -arrka- ‘pull’
NP1 -Ø -yu+wa-Ø -arrkv-Ø
NP2 -rna ~ -na -yu+wa-rna -arrkv-rna ~ -arrkv-na
NP3 -ma (~ -ngvma) -yu+wa-ma ~ -yu+wa-ngvma -arrkv-ma ~ -arrka-ma
P1 -Ø -yu+wa-Ø -arrka-Ø ~ -arrkv-Ø
P2 -rnv -yu+wa-rnv -arrka-rnv
REFL -jungwV- -yu+wa-jungwV- ?-arrka-jungwV-
RECP -yi- -yu+wee-yi- ?-arrkee-yi-
CAUS -ji- -yu+wa-ji- ?-arrka-ji-
Table 6.5: Conjugation 1B(ii): -rna ~ -na, -rnv
The forms marked with ‘?’ in this table are not attested but are extrapolated from other verbs in the
same subclass. The retroflex nasal in the NP2 is not attested for all 1B(ii-a) verbs, but their NP2
suffix is always preceded by [əә], which suggests the former presence of an retroflex (see Chapter
2). Verbs belonging to the two 1B(ii) subclasses include:
(8) Class 1B(ii-a) (2 roots) Class 1B(ii-b) (7 roots)
-ma- ‘light a fire’ -akbvrranga- ‘find’
Thematic +wa- -yaka- ‘take away from’
(e.g. -yu+wa- ‘follow’ +arrnga- ‘break, split, bend’
-yarru+wa- ‘go past’ -arrka- ‘pull’
-ngadhu+wa- ‘cry for’ -akuma- ‘put’
-marra+wa- ‘wander’ -lhvmakba- ‘look for turtle eggs’
-bvrru+wa- ‘crawl’) -angka- ‘fetch’
More complex stems composed of thematic +wa- can be found in Chapter 5, Table 5.9. The RECP
form of -akbvrranga- ‘find’ varies between -akbvrrangee-yi- and -akbvrranga-nja-. In Chapter 9 I
will argue that the latter aberrant form is a remnant of the proto-Gunwinyguan RECP form *-nyji-.
6.3.2 Conjugation 2: -na, -ngv [JH class 8B (-ena, -ang); JW class -ena, -anga; VL class 2B
(-ani, -anga)]
This is another large conjugation, containing 31% of the 251 verb roots in Leeding’s corpus. It is
characterised by the NP2 ending -na and the P2 ending -ngv. The stems in this class presumably
end in /a/, but this vowel undergoes the most changes in comparison with the other conjugations.
One important change is its realisation as [ɛ] in the NP2 forms. Two subclasses can be
distinguished based on the quality of stem-final vowel when followed by a derivational suffix,
which is fully predictable: in subclass 2A, this vowel is preceded by a peripheral consonant, and
208