THE CENTURY OF PETROL - Petroleum.cz

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and gas oil, with the automatic blending of gasoline and diesel fuel, computer control of selected operating parameters, and the direct continuity between the processes needing no intermediate storage, the Kralupy refinery became the second leading producer of motor fuels among Czech refineries. Thanks to the quality of its production processes, the Kralupy refinery was able to produce diesel fuel with a sulphur content of less than 0.05 %, referred to as City Diesel. As for gasoline, NRK was able to reduce lead content in petrol to 0.15 Pb/litre at the maximum, and later it began production of the unleaded Natural 95 petrol containing MTBE and isomerisate. The quality of aviation kerosene has been high enough from the very beginning to meet the requirements of all air carriers. As a result, the New Refinery Kralupy has been the main supplier of aviation fuel to the Prague-Ruzynû Airport. No major failures leading to significant economic or environmental damages have ever occurred in the refinery. This is Storage construction 63 due to the good overall concept and design of the plant and to the expertise and discipline of employees. Connection to the MERO Crude Oil Pipeline and Construction of the FCC Unit In 1996, the refinery was connected to the new petroleum pipeline from Ingolstadt (Germany), run by IKL company. This has made it possible to provide the separate supply of the low-sulphur petroleum needed for the production of lowsulphur fuel oils. After negotiations with foreign shareholders, the refinery, along with its effluent treatment plant, road and rail dispatch centres, and the MTBE unit, was separated from the Kauãuk group, and since 1st January 1996 it has been part of âeská rafinérská. Most of the employees of the operating departments and service support units were also transferred to the new company. The construction of a unit for isomerisation of the C5/C6 fraction with the redistillation of the reformate was completed in January 1997. The contract for that project had already been signed by Kauãuk, which had also started the construction work. âeská rafinérská soon launched an extensive “Stay in Business” programme, focused on improving operating reliability, environmental protection, and labour and health safety. Storage tanks were doublesealed, the road and rail dispatch centres were refurbished, and steam recuperation units were built. The need to build a unit for the bottom-ofthe-barrel processing of petroleum was LPG tank farm identified as the key to further development and enhancement of the competitiveness of the refinery (which had been producing up to 50 % of its output as atmospheric residue). Specialists of âeská rafinérská, co-operating with its shareholders’ experts, reviewed the studies that had already been carried out and updated their contents where necessary. This work resulted in a recommendation for the Shareholders to approve the construction of a fluid catalytic cracking unit with vacuum distillation, based on a UOP technology, with a Ing. Pavel Ká‰, Builder of NRK
Fluid catalytic cracker (FCC) in Kralupy capacity of 3,800 tonnes of raw material per day. Construction began in June 1999 and continued for 26 months, until March 2001. Test operation started in April 2001. After successful load tests, the facility was put into continuous operation. The contractor was the Dutch company Fluor Daniel. Modifications in those operations of the existing refinery affected by the project were performed by ABB Lummus Global. The material consumed during the construction included the following: 3,500 tonnes of structural steel, 100 km of pipes, 300 km of cables (for I & C systems), and 7,800 tonnes of concrete. During the peak period of construction, in summer 2000, there were up to 1,500 people working at the site on the FCC project. With the exception of suppliers of highly specialised equipment, most of the subcontractors were Czech firms. After the completion of the FCC unit and its integration into the existing refinery struc- ture, the Kralupy refinery now produces the fuel gases propane/butane and propylene of polymeration purity grade. Motor fuels – gasoline and diesel fuel – are primarily dispatched from the road-dispatching centre. Thanks to its location the Kralupy refinery is predestined to serve as a fuel supplier to motorists in Prague and Central Bohemia. Its JET A1 aviation kerosene is transported by rail to the international airport in Prague-Ruzynû. Lowsulphur fuel oils, MTBE, and elementary sulphur complement its product range. The Kauãuk company supplies electricity and vapour to the hydroskimming refinery and the FCC unit, while the refinery, in turn, supplies excess fuel oil from FCC to Kauãuk. The refinery has an effluent treatment plant of its own and does not produce any solid waste. The spent catalyst is treated and processed on a contractual basis. The Kralupy refinery has become a modern fuel production complex, which meets high requirements for product quality, operating reliability, labour and health safety, and environmental protection under the âSN ISO 9001 and âSN ISO 14001 standards. Since 2001 the company is focusing on meeting the requirements of the “Clean Fuel” program. Taken measures allowing fulfillment of requirement of “Clean Fuels Program 2005” has been implemented in time and since October 2004 motor fuels with a sulphur content of up to 50 ppm were fully available for the market. The revamp of gasoil hydroteater FCC inauguration, Ministr M. Grégr and CEO I. Ottis, 2001 64
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10 0 THE CENTURY OF PETROL THE HIST
Page 3 and 4:
This publication is being issued on
Page 6:
Content 8 The Beginnings of the Use
Page 9 and 10:
Oil collecting by Agrigento (Sicily
Page 11 and 12:
Colonel E. I. Drake won undying fam
Page 13: crude was only about 20 %. Producer
Page 17 and 18: Map from 1869 of the Astro-Hungaria
Page 19: Kolín Kerosene Refinery Fanta esta
Page 22: Kolín Mineral Oil Refinery, Vacuum
Page 25 and 26: Kralupy Mineral Oil Refinery, postc
Page 27 and 28: Illustration from book by Professor
Page 29 and 30: Institute for Effective Use of Fuel
Page 32 and 33: The Litvínov Refinery and Petroche
Page 34 and 35: As mentioned above, during the fift
Page 37 and 38: Advertising leaflet, circa 1940 hig
Page 39: Power plant T-700 during constructi
Page 42 and 43: LB 95 aviation gasoline was produce
Page 44 and 45: kino. Since 1974-75, the refinery h
Page 46 and 47: classical German high-pressure hydr
Page 48 and 49: The use of asphalt residues to prod
Page 51 and 52: Crude oil consumption in Czechoslov
Page 53 and 54: integration of the individual refin
Page 55 and 56: Evolution of the Litvínov enterpri
Page 58 and 59: Crude Oil Refinery in Kralupy nad V
Page 60 and 61: in working order, so when most of t
Page 62 and 63: electrostatic field. The distillati
Page 66: unit and construction of 3cut split
Page 69 and 70: Development of Other Czech Refineri
Page 71 and 72: Mineral Oil Refinery in Kolín - KO
Page 73 and 74: View of bitumen preparation Refiner
Page 76 and 77: Oil Lifting Pipelines for the Trans
Page 78 and 79: hough most of the foreign specialis
Page 80 and 81: naftové doly, a.s. The new joint-s
Page 82 and 83: costs of fuel transport to distribu
Page 85 and 86: Distribution Pipelines for Refinery
Page 87: several compartments and had a tota
Page 91 and 92: The signing of the “Definitive Ag
Page 95 and 96: Privatization of state-owned refini
Page 97 and 98: Kralupy site - âeská rafinérská
Page 99 and 100: of Conoco, and Francesco Zofrea, Vi
Page 101 and 102: Kralupy refinery at night âeská r
Page 103 and 104: Members of Board of Česká rafiné
Page 105 and 106: Kubiãka R.: 26 th Seminar on the H
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