STATE SECRETS: CHINA'S LEGAL LABYRINTH - HRIC

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ABOUT HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHINA (HRIC) Founded by Chinese students and scholars in March 1989, HRIC is an international, Chinese, non-governmental organization with a mission to promote international human rights and advance the institutional protection of these rights in the People’s Republic of China. OTHER HRIC PUBLICATIONS The Fog of Censorship: Media Control in China (forthcoming 2007) Challenging China: Struggle and Hope in an Era of Change (2007) China: Minority Exclusion, Marginalization and Rising Tensions, commissioned by Minority Rights Group International (2007) Devastating Blows: Religious Repression of Uighurs in Xinjiang, a joint report with Human Rights Watch (2005) 中国政府如何控制媒体 (Zhongguo zhengfu ruhe kongzhi meiti) (2004) Head Office: 350 5th Avenue, Ste. 3311 New York, NY 10118 USA Tel: +1 212-239-4495 Fax: +1 212-239-2561 Hong Kong Office: GPO P.O. Box 1778 Hong Kong Tel: +852 2710 8021 Fax: +852 2710 8027 EU Liaison Office: 15 rue de la Linière 1060 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 (0)2 609 44 20 Fax: +32 (0)2 609 44 33 http://www.hrichina.org hrichina@hrichina.org
Table of Contents Acknowledgments v Abbreviations vi Translator’s Note vii Introduction 1 Section I: Into the Legal Labyrinth 5 A. The International and Domestic Legal Framework 5 1. International Norms and Standards 5 PRC Obligations Under International Law 7 2. The PRC State Secrets Framework 9 Overview 9 The State Secrets Law 10 3. Enforcement of the State Secrets System 17 Sanctions 17 State Secrets and State Security 21 4. Derogations from Procedural Protections 23 B. Impact of the System on Human Rights 24 1. Impact on the Rule of Law 25 Stripping Procedural Protections 27 Intimidation of and Attacks on Defense Lawyers 31 Lack of Independent Review 31 2. Lack of Transparency and Accountability 32 Cover-ups 34 Corruption and Official Malfeasance 37 Detention, Torture, and the Death Penalty 38 3. Undermining Independent Civil Society 44 STATE SECRETS: CHINA’S LEGAL LABYRINTH TABLE OF CONTENTS i
Page 1: STATE SECRETS: CHINA’S LEGAL LABY
Page 5: 4. Regulation on State Secrets and
Page 8 and 9: Abbreviations CAT Convention Agains
Page 11 and 12: Introduction Since the People’s R
Page 13 and 14: These are all examples of how the P
Page 15 and 16: A. The International and Domestic L
Page 17 and 18: PRC Obligations Under International
Page 19 and 20: 2. THE PRC STATE SECRETS FRAMEWORK
Page 21 and 22: Some specificity is delineated unde
Page 23 and 24: How information is treated once it
Page 25 and 26: Neibu Information and “Work Secre
Page 27 and 28: 3. ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATE SECRETS
Page 29 and 30: Furthermore, forbidden information
Page 31 and 32: In the State Secrets Law, individua
Page 33 and 34: 4. DEROGATIONS FROM PROCEDURAL PROT
Page 35 and 36: 1. IMPACT ON THE RULE OF LAW The st
Page 37 and 38: Examples of how individuals’ righ
Page 39 and 40: Investigation stage: In conducting
Page 41 and 42: Intimidation of and Attacks on Defe
Page 43 and 44: AIDS activist Wan Yanhai spent a mo
Page 45 and 46: Public health outbreaks: Many facto
Page 47 and 48: Corruption and Official Malfeasance
Page 49 and 50: Torture in prisons and detention fa
Page 51 and 52: In his first mission to the PRC in
Page 53 and 54:
While there is an international mov
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Whistleblowers: By attempting to ma
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C. Reform Efforts Calls for greater
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Similarly, on November 30, 2006 the
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While the new national OGI regulati
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4. REFORMS OF THE STATE SECRETS SYS
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In addition, the release of natural
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6. CONCLUSION Despite repeated offi
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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PRC GOVERNM
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Introduction and Section I Notes 1.
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13. U.N. Commission on Human Rights
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Time Limits of State Secrets (国
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imprisonment of not more than five
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104. “The Liaoyang Four Have Been
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129. “Harassment Continues After
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153. Edward Cody, “China Puts Jou
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182. Information Office of the Stat
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213. “Regulation on Disclosure of
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80 HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHINA STATE SECR
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Purpose Definition of state secrets
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Scope of state secrets 第二章
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Marking classified materials Determ
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Security measures for classified do
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Forbidden military zones and places
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Criminal liability Administrative s
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2. MEASURES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE LA
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Consequences of disclosure and clas
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Amendment of classification Determi
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Reporting by state secrets bureaus
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Written record Notification of chan
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Measures for meetings location part
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Rewards 第四章奖惩第二十
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Severe administrative sanctions if
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No application to other secret matt
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3. THE SUPREME PEOPLE’S COURT 112
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Intelligence to bodies/organization
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"Knows/should know" standard for pr
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Definition of "any act of endangeri
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Search by state security organ and
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Violations by state personnel Viola
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十四岁以上不满十六岁未
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Promulgating authority Scope of eac
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7. 公安机关调查掌握境内
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3. 反革命案件的统计数字
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Secret 15. 公安机关隐蔽工作
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11. 公安机关社会化、职业
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Public security work and other depa
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2. REGULATION ON STATE SECRETS AND
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Highly secret 2. 全国死刑统计
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Effective date 第六条本规定
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Purpose and promulgating authority
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Highly secret Cases of high signifi
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Secret Cases of relatively high sig
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Matters regarding newly-created or
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4. REGULATION ON STATE SECRETS AND
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2. 预防和处置监狱、劳教
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Judicial administration work and ot
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11. 在一定时间和范围内的
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D. Regulation on the Protection of
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System to check on protection of st
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Covering meetings/other activities
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Illegal reporting/publishing of sta
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E. Selection of State Secrets Provi
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NAME OF REGULATION ISSUING BODIES A
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Table of Contents Editors’ Introd
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DOCUMENT 1 Jiang Zemin: The Work of
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改革,扩大开放,越要做好保
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DOCUMENT 3 The “Basic” and “S
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DOCUMENT 5 The Determination and Ha
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DOCUMENT 6 Assessing State Secrets
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GRADING STANDARDS FOR INSPECTING AN
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CHAPTER 15: THE PROTECTION OF STATE
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fied way with the central authoriti
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ence the development of bilateral o
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should be sent to a higher-level de
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1. The host unit must appoint a spe
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A. INDIVIDUALS CHARGED WITH STATE S
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B. INDIVIDUALS LIKELY DENIED PROCED
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APPENDIXIII Incidents of Official C
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INCIDENTS OF OFFICIAL COVER-UPS, co
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17. In response to this protest, on
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246 HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHINA STATE SEC
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CHINESE PINYIN ENGLISH 情报 qingb
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I. CHINESE LANGUAGE SOURCES “百
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“官员多为仕途「造数」.
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湖南省长沙市中级人民法
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“罗干强调进一步做好新
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“突发事件应对法已送人
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“政府信息公开条例起草
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II. ENGLISH LANGUAGE SOURCES The 6t
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“China: Death Sentence of Tenzin
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Ford, Peter. “Ahead of Olympics,
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Keller, Perry. “Privilege and Pun
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Oksenberg, Michel. “Methods of Co
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———. “Report of the Working
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———. “Virus Hunters,” Glo
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STATE SECRETS: CHINA’S LEGAL LABY
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