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30 Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Melt Infiltration of Porous Matrices with Light Metals, Alloys or Hydrides to prepare Nanostructured Materials for Energy Storage Dr. Christina Bossa, C.Bossa@uu.nl, phone: 06 - 22736090 Sponsor: ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen Programme, since October 2011 Supervisor: Dr. Petra E. de Jongh Inorganic synthesis, DSC, N 2 -physisorption For the advancement of hydrogen based energy technology, efficient and compact hydrogen storage systems need to be developed. One of the most promising options is the storage of hydrogen in form of metal hydrides. However, at the moment, no known material meets all specifications in terms of gravimetric hydrogen capacity, release, uptake kinetics, reversibility and thermodynamics. Recently, it was shown that nano-confinement of metal hydrides in porous carbon matrix had a large positive effect on both kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogen uptake and release. Methods to prepare confined materials are for example ball milling, solution impregnation and melt infiltration. For the latter, no solvent is necessary and high loadings inside the porous matrix can be achieved. The technique and principles of melt infiltration are studied. The main focus is on the preparation of composite materials for hydrogen storage. Relevant battery electrode materials will also be investigated. Initial experiments are carried out on Mg-based and B-based materials. Li-Si and Li-Sn systems will also be of interest. The factors which determine the scope of the materials for which the technique can be applied are studied. For example, surface and interfacial energies, melting points, wettability, etc. affect the outcome of melt infiltration. Differential scanning calorimetry is applied as main experimental method.
Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Investigation of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Particles by Micro-Spectroscopy: Acidity and Structure Dr. Inge Buurmans, I.L.C.Buurmans@uu.nl, phone: 06 - 22736365 Sponsor: Albemarle Catal-ysts BV, since October 2007 Supervisor: Prof. dr. ir. Bert M. Weckhuysen UV-Vis spectroscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, integrated laser & electron microscopy (iLEM) Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is a very important industrial process for the production of transportation fuels and chemicals from oil fractions. The spherical FCC catalyst particles (Ø 70 μm) contain a zeolite and several matrix components (e.g., clay, silica and alumina). The acidity of the individual catalyst components and their accessibility towards reactants is very important for the activity of the catalyst since cracking is initiated by the protonation of oil molecules in the catalyst bodies. In this study we present a new approach to investigate such catalyst particles at the individual particle level with both light microscopy and electron microscopy techniques. By combining confocal fluorescence microscopy with the Brønsted acid-catalyzed oligomerization of styrenes or thiophenes as probe reactions, visualization of the Brønsted acidic zeolite component of an individual catalyst particle is enabled, as depicted in Figure 1 for fresh (a) and three types of laboratory deactivated catalyst particles (b, c, d). A clear decrease in fluorescence intensity and thus reactivity of the zeolite domains is observed upon deactivation [1]. Detailed information on the acidity and structure of catalyst particles has been obtained by integrated laser and electron microscopy (iLEM). With this approach (Figures e and f) it has been found that the different FCC components are heterogeneously distributed throughout the catalyst particles and that the zeolite component is the main Brønsted acidic material [2]. Figure 1: Confocal fluorescence microscopy images of FCC catalyst particles after reaction with 4-fluorostyrene for (a) fresh and (b to d) slightly to severely deactivated particles. Images (e) and (f) display an iLEM experiment of a fresh FCC catalyst particle after reaction with 4-fluorostyrene: (e) overlay of fluorescence and TEM image and (f) TEM image only, clearly indicating the Brønsted acidic zeolite areas (green fluorescence) and the less acidic matrix materials. [1] Chem. Eur. J. DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102949; Nature Chem. 3, 2011, 862. [2] Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 10.1002/anie.201106651. 31
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Organic Chemistry and Catalysis New
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Organic Chemistry and Catalysis Bio
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Dehydration of alcohols to olefins
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Chemically bound magnetic nanoparti
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Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science

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