MPA Symposium - Zoological Society of London

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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS ON THE HIGH SEAS AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM HELD AT ZSL ON 3 AND 4 FEBRUARY 2011 ABSTRACTS OF TALKS SESSION II: BARRIERS TO PROGRESS Chair: Alex D. Rogers (University of Oxford, UK) 14.00–14.25 Legal and technical barriers towards progress Matthew Gianni, Deep Sea Conservation Coalition, Netherlands Abstract not available at time of print. 14.25–14.50 Monitoring, control and surveillance options for high seas Marine Protected Areas John Pearce, MRAG Ltd, UK Marine Protected Areas in high seas fisheries have been highlighted as a possible means to protect habitats and fish stocks that may be subjected to increased levels of fishing effort by both legitimate regulated and unregulated fishing vessels. The particular monitoring, control and surveillance requirements of different types of high seas MPAs are discussed. The current toolkit of potential methods and means of monitoring, control and surveillance of fisheries are then presented along with their applicability to the requirements. The costs of MCS of high seas MPAs are highlighted. 14.50–15.15 Establishing MPAs where the high seas overlays the continental shelf Daniel Owen, Fenners Chambers, UK Where coastal States have an outer continental shelf (i.e. a shelf extending beyond 200 nm from the baseline), the water column above that outer shelf will be high seas. The scientific case for an MPA in such circumstances may relate to the water column or to the seabed or both. This presentation will examine the interaction between the international law of the sea's regimes for the high seas and the continental shelf, with a view to identifying how intergovernmental organisations, such as regional seas organisations and regional fisheries management organisations, may cooperate with relevant coastal States, and vice versa, in order to achieve effective protection for the marine environment. 15.15–15.45 POSTER SESSION (TEA/COFFEE) For further information, please contact: Publications and Meetings, ZSL, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK. anne.braae@zsl.org
MARINE PROTECTED AREAS ON THE HIGH SEAS AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM HELD AT ZSL ON 3 AND 4 FEBRUARY 2011 ABSTRACTS OF TALKS SESSION III: SOLUTIONS AND POLICY Chair: Alex D. Rogers (University of Oxford, UK) 15.45–16.10 The economic aspect of MPA development Pippa Gravestock, University of York, UK This presentation will look at the current state of knowledge of the costs and benefits of High Seas Marine Protected Areas (HSMPAs). Marine conservationists operate in an environment where their plans and priorities are set against very powerful forces – political, economic and cultural. Any attempt to shift policy towards a more benign framework for the world’s oceans must understand the broader socioeconomic context in which policy objectives are pursued. This applies especially in an environment of scarce resources and constant competition for funds. The main focus of this presentation will be on the costs of HSMPA implementation. A practical understanding of implementation costs is highly desirable for effective planning as the various programmes currently attempting to establish HSMPA networks around the world move forward. Looking at data from HSMPA proxies, such as large off-shore protected areas and fishery management zones, it seems likely that the costs of implementing a HSMPA or network of protected areas will be considerable, not always easy to estimate in advance and likely to be incurred by a range of service providers. The scale of these costs in any given situation will depend on a range of criteria including the size of the protected area, its objectives, management organisations and location and the governance of the relevant fisheries. Not all of the costs of implementing a HSMPA or a network of HSMPAs are the direct implementation costs. Another group of costs that must be considered are the opportunity costs associated with implementation – in other words the costs of forsaking certain economic activities in order to create the protected area. Research suggests that the potential opportunity costs of creating a HSMPA network covering 10% of the high seas would be de minimis in relation to the size of the global fishery catch: representing a reduction of less than 1% in the annual marine capture fisheries take. In addition, only a handful of the mostly wealthy western nations who dominate the high seas bottom trawl industry (estimated to be 12 in total) would be impacted by the creation of such an area. The establishment of a network of HSMPAs should also bring benefits, including the preservation of a healthy marine ecosystem for future generations. Efforts to analyse and quantify the economic value of these benefits are still at an early stage and this is a subject that will be reviewed only at a high level in this presentation. When assessing the overall case for creating HSMPAs, some obvious questions relate to who should pay for them, how funding should be channelled and to whom the benefits would accrue. In some cases there may be a disconnection between who is asked to bear the costs and who sees the benefits. One pool of money often identified by conservationists as an obvious source of funding for a global HSMPA programme is the vast subsidies issued by governments to high seas fishing fleets. Achieving a redirection of this funding is not something that seems likely to happen any time soon – the majority of subsidies to high seas bottom-trawl fleets are made by countries with little or no historical interest in marine conservation priorities. For further information, please contact: Publications and Meetings, ZSL, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK. anne.braae@zsl.org
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MPA Symposium - Zoological Society of London

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