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has provided a valuable assessment of the nature of information contained in museum collections and its potential in osteological and archeological research. (16) MENSFORTH, Robert, & G. BAKER. "Auditory Exostoses: Potential Value of A Phenotypic Skeletal Response for Inferring Aspects of Subsistence Behavior and Health." This study examines within and between group differences in the frequencies of auditory exostoses (AEs) among a series of four Late Archaic groups from Kentucky. AEs are induced by thermal injury associated with episodes of could water exposure. Results show that adult males exhibit significantly greater frequencies of AEs compared to females in all groups examined, and that inland bluff site groups exhibit much lower frequencies of AEs compared to shell midden site. These results are discussed with respect to (1) seasonality and sex-specificity of mollusk gathering activities, and (2) their implications for inferring increased sedentism and territorial behaviors among Late Archaic peoples. (17) MORRIS, Alan. "The Cobern Street Cemetery: The Excavation of a Historic Slave Graveyard in Cape Town, South Africa." The exposure of an 18th century cemetery in downtown Cape Town in October 1994 was followed by an extensive rescue archeological excavation over the December-January period. A team of volunteers excavated over 65 formal burials in 108 square meters of deposit. Nearly all of the burials were extended on their back and in wooden coffins. A few of the deeper skeletons (perhaps earlier in time) were without coffins and were laid on their side. Two Late Stone Age (LSA) graves were identified from below the level of the cemetery. These were "sitting" Khoikhoi burials with LSA pottery and lots of animal bone and shell in attendance. Each of these two LSA graves was a double burial, a phenomenon rarely seen in prehistoric burials in South Africa. Radiocarbon dates indicate a date a burial around 1000 years ago, indicating that these graves are unrelated to the historic cemetery above them. Although the precise date of the cemetery or an identification of who was buried there remains uncertain, the excavations yielded a rich variety of grave goods which points to both the date and identity of the occupants. All of the associated material is 18th century in origin, primarily from the second half of that century. The grave goods included whole tobacco pipes and smoking paraphernalia, brass and silver buttons, and an ornate silver box. The last date of burial is hinted at by the presence of a 1797 British penny located just above one of the burials. The fact that no reference to the graves is mentioned in the Cape Archives seems to indicate that the people buried here were probably slaves or other people toward the bottom of the hierarchy of 18th century Cape society. Archival work is continuing on the history of the site. Physical anthropological analysis of the skeletons is now underway and preliminary results should be available by early 1997. (18) MORRIS, Alan. "Ethnic Identity and the Re-Burial Issue in South Africa: The Cases of Saartje and Hintza." Recent claims for the return of the remains of Saartje Baartman to South Africa from the Musee de L'Homme in Paris, and the search in Scotland for the cranium of the Zhosa chief Hintza have highlighted the importance of human remains and the issue of reburial to people in the 'new' South Africa. Baartman's case has been taken up by the Griqua National Congress which is trying to forge a new ethnic identity for the Griqua, encompassing the early historic Khoikhoi and all living people who BARFAA Abstracts 1996 -- page 4 of 8
are descended from them. In the case of Hintza, Nicholas Gcaleka is claiming the right not only to find a skull through his traditional powers as a sangoma (traditional healer), but also to speak on behalf of the Zhosa in demanding an apology from the Queen of England for the murder of Hintza by her ancestor's followers. These cases demonstrate how ethnicity can be used to claim a position in terms of land, power or financial ease. Modern science can also be appropriated to confirm or deny claims as in the ongoing case of Hintza's cranium. It is easy to choose a position with respect to either case, but what is clear is that each case is complex and the solutions to the problems presented cannot be couched in terms of historical realism alone. (19) NAWROCKI, Stephen, Christopher SCHMIDT, Matthew WILLIAMSON, & Jason SANDERS. "More Historic Cemetery Recoveries in Indiana." During 1996 we performed emergency excavations at a number of historic cemetery sites in Indiana, further expanding our research interests in historic burial archeology. The first skeleton was found eroding from the banks of a reservoir at the spot of a known cemetery that was supposedly removed decades before. The second case involves as many as 10 burials that were spread across several acres before being noted by the bulldozer operator. The two burials in the third case were found below the concrete subfloor of a factory in Indianapolis as workers were excavating to install a new furnace. These two are part of a huge cemetery 'relocated' at the turn of the century. (20) NELSON, M., & Nancy BAKER TATAREK. "Taphonomic Analysis of Human Remains Recovered in a Central Ohio Arson Investigation." (poster presentation; abstract not available) (21) OVERSHINER, Gina. "Shiloh Methodist Church Cemetery: A Skeletal and Ethnohistorical Reconstruction." During the great flood of 1993, a previously forgotten mid-nineteenth century cemetery was exposed near Cedar City, Missouri; this cemetery had been associated with Shiloh Methodist Church. Skeletal and artifactual analysis of the disturbed burials revealed African American ancestry. Comparison of skeletal analysis from Shiloh with contemporaneous cemeteries, reveals that these individuals were exposed to different types of skeletal stressors. This finding agrees with historical evidence that asserts that African Americans of the Upper South were exposed to fewer stressors than their counterparts from the Deep South. (22) PETERSON, Ryan, Stephen NAWROCKI, Matthew WILLIAMSON, Christopher SCHMIDT, & Curtis TOMAK. "An Archaic Rockshelter Burial from Daviess County, Indiana." In the Fall of 1994 we excavated a human burial that had been noted two years previously as it slowly eroded from a cliff face along the West Fork of the White River. Although severely damaged by looting activities and the extremely hard matrix that surrounded it, careful excavation and painstaking preparation of the skeleton had revealed that the middle-aged female suffered from significant osteomyelitic infection of both tibiae and ankylosis of the distal tibiofibular joints. A Middle Archaic projectile point (ca. 3500 B.C.) found directly above the interment suggests that this is one of the oldest articulated burials yet recovered in Indiana. BARFAA Abstracts 1996 -- page 5 of 8
Page 1 and 2: ABSTRACTS of the 3rd Annual Meeting
Page 3: gnawing activities at the Ward Site
Page 7 and 8: (28) TUCKER, Teri, & Paul SCIULLI.

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