Pre-Filed Testimony and Exhibits of David Raphael - Vermont Public ...
Pre-Filed Testimony and Exhibits of David Raphael - Vermont Public ...
Pre-Filed Testimony and Exhibits of David Raphael - Vermont Public ...
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STATE OF VERMONT<br />
PUBLIC SERVICE BOARD<br />
Petition <strong>of</strong> Beaver Wood Energy Fair Haven, )<br />
LLC for a Certificate <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Good, pursuant<br />
to 30 V.S.A. § 248, to install <strong>and</strong> operate a<br />
Biomass Energy Facility <strong>and</strong> an integrated wood<br />
pellet manufacturing facility located north <strong>of</strong><br />
Route 4 in Fair Haven, <strong>Vermont</strong>, to be known as<br />
)<br />
the “Fair Haven Biornass Project” )<br />
PRE-FILED TESTIMONY OF<br />
DAVID RAPHAEL<br />
D k N<br />
OC e 0.<br />
ON BEHALF OF<br />
BEAVER WOOD ENERGY FAIR HAVEN, LLC<br />
November 2, 2010<br />
The purpose <strong>of</strong> the pre-filed testimony <strong>of</strong> Mr. <strong>Raphael</strong> is to demonstrate that the proposed<br />
Fair Haven Biotnass Project will comply with certain provisions <strong>of</strong> 30 V.S.A. § 248<br />
(b)(l) & (b)(5), namely those per aining to orderly development, public investments, <strong>and</strong><br />
aesthetics.
TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
1. Introduction 1<br />
2. Summary <strong>of</strong> Findings 4<br />
3. Conclusion 5<br />
EXHIBIT<br />
Petitioner’s Exhibft DR-i Resumé <strong>of</strong> <strong>David</strong> <strong>Raphael</strong><br />
Petitioner’s Exhibit DR-2 Lund Works Report
STATE OF VERMONT<br />
PUBLIC SERVICE BOARD<br />
Petition <strong>of</strong> Beaver Wood Energy Fair Haven.<br />
LLC for a Certificate <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Good, pursuant<br />
to 30 V.S.A. § 248, to install <strong>and</strong> operate a<br />
Biomass Energy Facility <strong>and</strong> an integrated wood<br />
pellet manufacturing facility located north <strong>of</strong><br />
Rotite 4 in Fair Haven, <strong>Vermont</strong>. to be known as<br />
the “Fair Haven Biomass Project”<br />
1 1. Introduction<br />
PRE-FILED TESTIMONY OF<br />
DAVID RAPHAEL<br />
Docket No<br />
ON BEHALF OF<br />
BEAVER WOOD ENER(;Y FAIR HAVEN, LLC<br />
2 Qi. Please state your name, business address <strong>and</strong> employment.<br />
3 Al. My name is <strong>David</strong> <strong>Raphael</strong>, <strong>and</strong> lam a Pr<strong>of</strong>essional L<strong>and</strong>scape Architect <strong>and</strong><br />
4 Planner as well as Lecturer in the School <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources at the University<br />
5 <strong>of</strong> <strong>Vermont</strong>. I am the Principal <strong>and</strong> owner <strong>of</strong> L<strong>and</strong>Works, a multidisciplinary<br />
6 planning. design <strong>and</strong> communication% firm based in Middlehury. <strong>Vermont</strong>. My<br />
7 business address is 228 Maple Street, Suite 32, Middlebury. <strong>Vermont</strong> 05753.<br />
8 Q2. Please describe your educational background <strong>and</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional experience.<br />
9 A2. I began my career as l<strong>and</strong>scape architect <strong>and</strong> planner working for the State <strong>of</strong><br />
10 Massachusetts Department <strong>of</strong> Environmental Management. I have been<br />
11 associated with L<strong>and</strong>Works since its inception in 1986. L<strong>and</strong>Works serves both<br />
12 public <strong>and</strong> private sector clients in <strong>Vermont</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Northeast. Our areas <strong>of</strong><br />
13 expertise include visual, aesthetic <strong>and</strong> environmental assessment, site <strong>and</strong> master
Fair Haven Biomass Project, PSB Docket No.<br />
<strong>Pre</strong>filed <strong>Testimony</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>David</strong> <strong>Raphael</strong><br />
November 2, 2010<br />
Page 2 <strong>of</strong> 6<br />
1 planning. graphic communications <strong>and</strong> GIS mapping. permit planning.<br />
2 participatory <strong>and</strong> community planning, downtown revitalization, open space <strong>and</strong><br />
3 conservation planning, zoning ordinance <strong>and</strong> design review development,<br />
4 l<strong>and</strong>scape architecture <strong>and</strong> environmental design. At L<strong>and</strong>Works we have<br />
5 worked as advocates for communities, appellants. the State <strong>of</strong> <strong>Vermont</strong>, <strong>and</strong><br />
6 private corporations. I personally have testified <strong>and</strong> served as an expert witness<br />
7 before most <strong>of</strong> the Disti-ict Commissions in the State <strong>and</strong> the former<br />
8 Environmental Board, as well as the <strong>Public</strong> Service Board.<br />
9 L<strong>and</strong>Works has extensive experience with regard to visual assessment <strong>and</strong><br />
10 environmental impact, Criterion 8 <strong>of</strong> Act 250, <strong>and</strong> the design <strong>and</strong> installation <strong>of</strong><br />
II utility facilities <strong>and</strong> structures. We have evaluated the aesthetic <strong>and</strong><br />
12 environmental impact <strong>of</strong> (I) transmission lines arid corridors (including the<br />
13 Northwest Reliability, Lamoille <strong>and</strong> Southern Loop projects, <strong>and</strong> the PV2O line<br />
14 removal along the Route 2 causeway in Milton/South Hero): (2)<br />
15 telecommunication facilities (Coy Mountain tower proposal <strong>and</strong> four<br />
16 telecommunications facilities in Essex <strong>and</strong> Milton. <strong>Vermont</strong> proposed by<br />
17 FairPoint Communications); <strong>and</strong> (3) wind energy development, the Searsburg<br />
18 Project, the Sheffield Project (on behalf <strong>of</strong> UPC, now First Wind), <strong>and</strong> three wind<br />
19 projects in Maine (on behalf <strong>of</strong> First Wind). We have prepared feasibility studies<br />
20 for wind energy facilities siting for the Lamoille County Development<br />
21 Commission. I have served as a member <strong>of</strong> the Design Issues Study Committee<br />
22 appointed by the Secretary <strong>of</strong> the Agency <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources, an initiative
Fair Haven Biomass Project, PSB Docket No.<br />
<strong>Pre</strong>filed <strong>Testimony</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>David</strong> <strong>Raphael</strong><br />
November 2. 2010<br />
Page 3 <strong>of</strong> 6<br />
1 which clarified the application <strong>of</strong> the Quechee Analysis for aesthetics <strong>and</strong> which<br />
2 resulted in the publication <strong>of</strong> <strong>Vermont</strong>’s Scenic L<strong>and</strong>scapes: A Guide for Growth<br />
3 <strong>and</strong> Protection. In addition, we have prepared a number <strong>of</strong> zoning ordinances<br />
4 based on scenery preservation <strong>and</strong> environmental protection guidelines (such as<br />
5 the Town <strong>of</strong> Stowe Ridgeline <strong>and</strong> Hillside Overlay District), prepared scenic<br />
6 highway corridor studies (Interstate 91 in Brattleboro. The Molly Stark Byway<br />
7 Management Plan <strong>and</strong> the Route 10DB Scenic Byway Management Plan) <strong>and</strong><br />
8 authored a study <strong>and</strong> state policy which was adopted for permit review <strong>of</strong> the<br />
9 night lighting <strong>of</strong> ski areas (Agency <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources). I have also recently<br />
10 helped to author a revision to the EPRI Transmission Line Reference Book -115-<br />
11 345kV Compact Line Design. Chapter 9. A copy <strong>of</strong> my resume is attached as<br />
12 Petitioner’s Exhibit DR-I.<br />
13 Q3. What is the purpose <strong>of</strong> your testimony?<br />
14 A3. The purpose <strong>of</strong> my testimony is to demonstrate that the Fair Haven Biomass<br />
15 Project (the “Pro jeci’) satisfies the requiremenis <strong>of</strong> 30 V.S.A. ** 248(h)(1) <strong>and</strong><br />
16 (5), namely those pertaining to aesthetics, orderly development <strong>of</strong> the region,<br />
17 public investments, <strong>and</strong> historic resources.<br />
18 Q4. Have you ever testified before the <strong>Public</strong> Service Board?<br />
19 A4. Yes. I have presented testimony on behalf <strong>of</strong> the Department in connection with<br />
20 Dockets 6860 (Northwest Reliability Project). 7032 (Lamoille County Project).<br />
21 7314 (East Avenue Loop), 7373 (Southern Loop), <strong>and</strong> 7250 (Searsburg Wind<br />
22 Project). I have also testified on behalf <strong>of</strong> UPC (now First Wind) for Docket 7156
Fair Haven Biomass Project, PSB Docket No.<br />
<strong>Pre</strong>filed <strong>Testimony</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>David</strong> <strong>Raphael</strong><br />
November 2, 2010<br />
Page 4 <strong>of</strong> 6<br />
1 (Sheffield Wind Project), for Green Mountain Power regarding Docket 7558<br />
2 (Kingdom Community Wind Project), <strong>and</strong> on behalf <strong>of</strong> Georgia Mountain<br />
3 Community Wind, LLC, Docket 7508.<br />
4 2. Summary <strong>of</strong> Findings<br />
5 Q5. Based upon your evaluation <strong>and</strong> analyses, does the Project comply with<br />
6 Section 248?<br />
7 A5. Yes. On October 18. 2010. we visited Fair Haven to reconnaissance the Project<br />
8 Site <strong>and</strong> surrounding area, to take photos. <strong>and</strong> to document historic resources. We<br />
9 have prepared a visual simulation from the Welcome Center. A viewshed map<br />
10 has been completed to identify areas with potential visibility, <strong>and</strong> we have<br />
11 reviewed a 3D model to confirm that visibility.<br />
12 Q6. Please describe your analysis <strong>and</strong> conclusions.<br />
13 A6. My report, attached as Petitioner’s Exhibit DR-2, addresses the Fair Haven<br />
14 Biomass Project (the “Project”) in light <strong>of</strong> the aesthetics, historic tesources <strong>and</strong><br />
IS orderly development <strong>and</strong> pnhlie investment criteria <strong>of</strong> 30 V.SA.* 248(h). As set<br />
16 forth in the report. my analytical methods include visual <strong>and</strong> cartographic<br />
17 analyses, document research <strong>and</strong> review. L<strong>and</strong>works’ primary analyses assess the<br />
18 Project’s visibility <strong>and</strong> potential for visual <strong>and</strong> aesthetic impacts, with a focus on<br />
19 vantage points from major federal, state or local roads.. relationships to nearby<br />
20 areas <strong>of</strong> public interest; or high scenic value <strong>and</strong>/or <strong>of</strong>ficial designation as a<br />
21 cultural, aesthetic or recreational facility or resource, Locations that involve<br />
22 resideniiaj areas in close proximity to the proposed Project were also considered.
Fair Haven Biomass Project, PSB Docket No.<br />
<strong>Pre</strong>filed <strong>Testimony</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>David</strong> <strong>Raphael</strong><br />
November 2, 2010<br />
Page 5 <strong>of</strong> 6<br />
1 I used on-site <strong>and</strong> field study to reinforce my analyses <strong>and</strong> findings, <strong>and</strong> also<br />
2 documented public sentiment <strong>and</strong> concerns in this process.<br />
3 I conducted my Project aesthetic analysis within the parameters set forth<br />
4 in Section 248 for review <strong>of</strong> utility scale energy generation <strong>and</strong> transmission<br />
5 projects. including the Quechee Analysis. established in the 1985 Environmental<br />
6 Board Quechee Lakes decision. This analysis also recognized that the <strong>Public</strong><br />
7 Service Board weighs “societal benefits” when considering the aesthetic impacts<br />
8 <strong>of</strong> projects within its jurisdiction.<br />
9 By way <strong>of</strong> summary we conclude unequivocally that the Project, if<br />
10 constructed, would not result in an undue adverse impact to the aesthetics <strong>and</strong><br />
11 scenic beauty <strong>of</strong> the area because: 1) the Project will not be shocking or <strong>of</strong>fensive<br />
12 to the average person; 2) the Project does not violate any clearly written<br />
13 community st<strong>and</strong>ard; <strong>and</strong> 3) the Petitioner has taken reasonably available<br />
14 mitigation steps to reduce the Project’s visual <strong>and</strong> aesthetic impacts. In addition,<br />
15 there will be no significant views from historic resources that will materially<br />
16 impact the integrity <strong>of</strong> the site. The Town Zoning has identified the area where<br />
17 the Project is proposed for industrial development <strong>and</strong> the Regional Plan<br />
18 encourages towns to establish renewable energy sources, including biomass.<br />
19 Based on the foregoing, <strong>and</strong> on our findings more specifically detailed in<br />
20 my report. it is my conclusion that the Project has no undue adverse effects on<br />
21 aethestics. the orderly development <strong>of</strong> the region, public investments, or historic<br />
22 resources.
1 3. Conclusion<br />
2 Q7. Does this conclude your testimony?<br />
3 AT Yes.<br />
Fair Haven Biomass Project, PSB Docket No.<br />
<strong>Pre</strong>filed <strong>Testimony</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>David</strong> <strong>Raphael</strong><br />
November 2, 2010<br />
Page 6 <strong>of</strong> 6
Petition <strong>of</strong> Beaver Wood Energy Fair Haven,<br />
LLC for a Certificate <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Good, pursuant<br />
to 30 V.S.A. § 248, to install <strong>and</strong> operate a<br />
Biomass Energy Facility <strong>and</strong> an integrated wood<br />
STATE OF VERMONT<br />
PUBLIC SERVICE BOARD<br />
pellet manufacturing facility located north <strong>of</strong><br />
Route 4 in Fair Haven, <strong>Vermont</strong>. to be known as<br />
the “Fair Haven Biomass Project”<br />
PREFILED TESTIMONY OF<br />
DAVID RAPHAEL<br />
Docket No.<br />
Exhibit BWEFH DR -1<br />
Resumé
<strong>David</strong> <strong>Raphael</strong>, B.A., M .L.A. I<br />
Principal/L<strong>and</strong>scape Architect & Planner<br />
<strong>David</strong> <strong>Raphael</strong> founded L<strong>and</strong>Works in 1986 after ten years <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional work as a L<strong>and</strong>scape Architect <strong>and</strong><br />
Planner for the public <strong>and</strong> private sector. He is a graduate, with honors, <strong>of</strong> Tufts University <strong>and</strong> the School<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Museum <strong>of</strong> Fine Arts in Boston, where he studied Enghsh, ecology <strong>and</strong> graphic design. He attended<br />
Harvard Universi:y Graduate School <strong>of</strong> Design with a Crocker Scholarship <strong>and</strong> graduated with a Masters in<br />
L<strong>and</strong>scape Architecture. He also attended the Dartmouth Coege Outward Bound orogram.<br />
Mr. <strong>Raphael</strong> has been an Associate Pr<strong>of</strong>essor in the Graduate Program in Urban <strong>and</strong> Environmental Policy<br />
at Tufts University, on the faculty <strong>of</strong> Middlebury College, <strong>and</strong> is currently a Lecturer in the University <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> Rubenstein School <strong>of</strong> Environment <strong>and</strong> Natural Resources, where he has been teaching courses<br />
in aesthetics, environmental design, <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>scape architecture since 1982. Additionally, <strong>David</strong> has been<br />
Chairman <strong>of</strong> his local Planning Commission <strong>and</strong> Development Review Board for 25 years <strong>and</strong> was a found<br />
ing member <strong>of</strong> the .Middiebury Design Advisory Committee. Mr. <strong>Raphael</strong> is also a member <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Vermont</strong><br />
Urban <strong>and</strong> Community Forestry Council <strong>and</strong> the American Society <strong>of</strong> L<strong>and</strong>scape Architects.<br />
EDUCATION<br />
M.L.A., Harvard University Graduate School <strong>of</strong> Design, 1977 Cambridge, Massachusetts<br />
B.A. in English, Tufts University, Cum Laude, Minor in Ecology, 1972 Med ford, Massachusetts<br />
School <strong>of</strong> the Museum <strong>of</strong> Fine Arts. 1971. Boston, Massachusetts<br />
Diploma. Dartmouth College Outward Bound Program, 1970, Hanover; New Hampshire<br />
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY, PROFESSIONAL SKILLS, AND DUTIES<br />
1986-present: L<strong>and</strong> Works, Middlebury, <strong>Vermont</strong>; Founded the firm <strong>and</strong> has been Principal<br />
1984 -<br />
1980 -<br />
1976 -<br />
1985:<br />
1979:<br />
1982:<br />
L<strong>and</strong>scape Architect & Planner for most <strong>of</strong> the company’s projects.<br />
Alex<strong>and</strong>er, Truex, deoroot, Architects, Burlington, <strong>Vermont</strong>; Consultant <strong>and</strong> staff<br />
L<strong>and</strong>scape Architect/Planner<br />
Kiley-Waiker; Charlotte. <strong>Vermont</strong>; Associate L<strong>and</strong>scape Architect<br />
Massachusetts Department <strong>of</strong> Environmental Management, Planner/L<strong>and</strong>scape Architect<br />
TEACHING/ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS<br />
:982-present: Lecturei Rubenstein Schcol <strong>of</strong> Environment & Natura’ Resources, University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Vermont</strong><br />
1992-1994: Visiting instructor, Middlebury College, Middiebury, VT<br />
1991-1993: Adjunct Faculty Member, <strong>Vermont</strong> Technical College<br />
1988- 1989: Director; “Design <strong>Vermont</strong>” project <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Vermont</strong> Council on the Arts <strong>and</strong> the
Governor’s Institute on the Arts, funded by the National Endowment <strong>of</strong> the Arts &<br />
held at Castleton State College, July 1989<br />
1983: Visiting Assistant Pr<strong>of</strong>essor, School <strong>of</strong> Architecture, University <strong>of</strong> Arkansas<br />
1932-984: Adjunct Associate Pr<strong>of</strong>essor, Graduate Program in Urban <strong>and</strong> Environmental Policy,<br />
Tufts University<br />
PROFESSIONAL REGISTRATIONS<br />
MEMBERSHIPS<br />
• Registered L<strong>and</strong>scape Architect - State<br />
<strong>of</strong> Rhode Isl<strong>and</strong><br />
• Passed Uniform National Examination: eligible for registration in other states<br />
• Registered with the Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Ski Instructors <strong>of</strong> America<br />
• Member, American Society <strong>of</strong> L<strong>and</strong>scape Architects<br />
• Member, American Planning Association<br />
• Member, Society <strong>of</strong> Environmental Graphic Designers<br />
• Member, Board <strong>of</strong> Trustees. Lake Champlain L<strong>and</strong> Trust<br />
• Member, Board <strong>of</strong> Directors, <strong>Vermont</strong> State Craft Center at Frog Hollow<br />
• Cr<br />
1airman, Town <strong>of</strong> Panton Planning Commission <strong>and</strong> Zoning Board <strong>of</strong><br />
Adjustment 1985 -<br />
2005<br />
• Delegate, Addison County Regional Planning Commission<br />
• Member, Agency <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources, Design Issues Study Committee<br />
• Member, Town <strong>of</strong> Middlebury, resign Advisory Committee<br />
• Member, <strong>Vermont</strong> Natural Resources Council<br />
PARTIAL LISTING OF RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS<br />
“BGOC (Big Graphics on Campus) Signs <strong>and</strong> environmental graphics that impact collegiate<br />
environments” Signs <strong>of</strong> the Times, Oct. 2003<br />
‘A New Vision for <strong>Vermont</strong>.’ L<strong>and</strong>scape Archi:ee:ure Magazine, December 1999<br />
Special Correspondent, Burlington Free <strong>Pre</strong>ss, Burlington, <strong>Vermont</strong>, :994 to 1998<br />
Brave New <strong>Vermont</strong>,” <strong>Vermont</strong> Magazine, June 1995. Contributor.<br />
Sign Management: Aesthetics, Economics, Environment -<br />
The<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> Experience, 1992
(“Best <strong>of</strong> the Conference” award at national conference on sign management, 1992)<br />
‘Prospect,” L<strong>and</strong>scape Architecture Magazine, September/October 1985.<br />
“Grounds for Playful Renaissance,” L<strong>and</strong>scape Architecture Magazine, July 1975.<br />
Richard P. White Award, Horticultural Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 1983-1984 Windbreaks<br />
<strong>and</strong> Sheherbelts for the Northeast<br />
Rivers Downtown: Riverfront Revitalization in <strong>Vermont</strong>, for the Winooski Vahey Park District,<br />
October 1981; funded with a Housing <strong>and</strong> Urban Development <strong>and</strong> Research Grant<br />
“Evolutionary Trends <strong>and</strong> Essential Themes <strong>of</strong> WEderness <strong>Pre</strong>servation” in <strong>Public</strong> Space, Peter<br />
AWARDS<br />
Trowbndge, Ed. <strong>and</strong> with an Introduction by J.B. Jackson; Harvard University, Cambridge 1975.<br />
2005 View From the Road <strong>Public</strong> Space Award<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> Chapter American Society <strong>of</strong> L<strong>and</strong>scape Architects<br />
2005 Isl<strong>and</strong> Line Sign & Amenities Plan I Award <strong>of</strong> Excellence<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> Chapter American Society <strong>of</strong> L<strong>and</strong>scape Architects<br />
2005 Lake Morey Resource Conservation Project Merit Award<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> Chapter American Society <strong>of</strong> L<strong>and</strong>scape Architects <strong>Public</strong> Space<br />
2005 Danville Transportation Enhancement Project <strong>Public</strong> Space Award Honorable Mention<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> Chapter American Society <strong>of</strong> L<strong>and</strong>scape Architects<br />
2004 Manchester Design Guidelines Honor Award<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> Chapter American Society <strong>of</strong> L<strong>and</strong>scape Architects<br />
2003 The Pownal Municipal Plan & L<strong>and</strong> Use Regulations I Certificate <strong>of</strong> Merit for Outst<strong>and</strong>ing<br />
Planning Project<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> Planners Association<br />
2002 Danville Route z, Danville, <strong>Vermont</strong> Certificate <strong>of</strong> Merit for Engineering Excellence<br />
American Council <strong>of</strong> Engineering Companies<br />
2001 Stowe Ridgeline Ordinance: Ridgeline & Hillside Overlay District I Merit Award<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> Chapter American Society <strong>of</strong> L<strong>and</strong>scape Architects<br />
2001 The University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Vermont</strong> Wayfinding System & Design St<strong>and</strong>ards Certificate <strong>of</strong> Merit<br />
for Outst<strong>and</strong>ing Planning Project<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> Planners Association
STATE OF VERMONT<br />
PUBLIC SERVICE BOARD<br />
Petition <strong>of</strong> Beaver Wood Energy Fair Haven,<br />
LLC for a Certificate <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Good, pursuant<br />
to 30 V.S.A. § 248, to install <strong>and</strong> operate a<br />
Biomass Energy Facility <strong>and</strong> an integrated wood ) Docket No<br />
pellet manufacturing facility located north <strong>of</strong> )<br />
Route 4 in Fair Haven, <strong>Vermont</strong>, to be known as )<br />
the “Fair Haven Biomass Project” )<br />
PREFILED TESTIMONY OF<br />
DAVID RAPHAEL<br />
Exhibit BWEFH DR -2<br />
L<strong>and</strong>Works Report
;4$71 rAw, L!
AESTHETIC ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED<br />
BEAVER WOOD BIOMASS FACIUTY<br />
Fair Haven, <strong>Vermont</strong><br />
Date:<br />
November 3, 2010<br />
<strong>Pre</strong>pared for:<br />
Beaver Wood Energy Fair Haven, LLC<br />
<strong>Pre</strong>pared by:<br />
L<strong>and</strong>Works<br />
L<strong>and</strong>scape A rchitec Hire. Planning. Graphic Design.<br />
228 Maple Street, Suite 32<br />
Middlebury, <strong>Vermont</strong> 05753<br />
Phone: 802.388.3011<br />
Fax: 802.3881950<br />
info@l<strong>and</strong>worksvt.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
1. PROJECT BACKGROUND...1<br />
1.1 Introduction .1<br />
1.2 Report Organization <strong>and</strong> Contents.. .2<br />
1.3 Project Description. .2<br />
1.4 The Aesthetic Assessment.. .2<br />
2. THE QUECHEE ANALYSIS...4<br />
2.1 First Step <strong>of</strong> the Quechee Analysis.. .4<br />
2.1.A What is the nature <strong>of</strong> the Project surroundings?...4<br />
2.l.B Is the Project’s design compatible with its surroundings’ 5<br />
2.1.C Are the colors <strong>and</strong> materials selected for the Project suitable for the<br />
context within which it is located?,..6<br />
2.] .D What is the Project’s impact on open space?...6<br />
2.1 .E Where is the Projed visible from?... 7<br />
2.1 .F Conclusion to the First Step <strong>of</strong> the Quechee Analysis... 10<br />
2.2 The Second Step <strong>of</strong> the Quechee Analysis. .10<br />
2.2.A Does the Project violate a clear written community st<strong>and</strong>ard intended to<br />
preserve the aesthetics or scenic beauty <strong>of</strong> the area?...]O<br />
2.2.H Does the Project <strong>of</strong>fend the sensibilities <strong>of</strong> the average person? Is the<br />
Project, when viewed as a whole, <strong>of</strong>fensive or shocking, because it is out<br />
<strong>of</strong> character with its surroundings, or significantly diminishes the scenic<br />
qualities <strong>of</strong> the area<br />
2 12<br />
2.2.C Has the applicant failed to take generally availabie mitigating steps which<br />
a reasonable person would take to improve the harmony <strong>of</strong> the proposed<br />
Project with its surrounding?...13<br />
2.3 Overall Conclusion.. .14<br />
3. IMPACTS TO HISTORIC RESOURCES...16<br />
4. ORDERLY DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC INVESTMENTS...19<br />
4.1 Orderly Development.. .19<br />
4.2 <strong>Public</strong> Investments 20<br />
ATTACHMENTS<br />
Exhibit]. Photo Inventory<br />
Exhibit 2. Photo Location Map<br />
Exhibit 3. Potential Visibility from Open Areas<br />
Exhibit 4. Plan Excerpts<br />
ExhibitS. L<strong>and</strong>scape Mitigation Plan<br />
Exhibit 6. L<strong>and</strong>scape Mitigation Section<br />
Exhibit?. Visual Simulation
“Our analysis, .<br />
however, does not<br />
end with the results<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Quechee<br />
test. Instead, our<br />
assessment <strong>of</strong><br />
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
1. Project Background<br />
1. Project Background<br />
1.1 Introduction<br />
This aesthetic assessment <strong>of</strong> the proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility in Fair<br />
Haven (Project) is conducted in response to the requirements set forth for aesthetic<br />
review <strong>of</strong> energy transmission <strong>and</strong> generation projects under Title 30 Section 248 <strong>of</strong><br />
the <strong>Vermont</strong> statutes. The <strong>Public</strong> Service Board has adopted the Quechee Analysis, a<br />
two-step analysis as set forth originally for the review <strong>of</strong> aesthetics under Criterion 8<br />
<strong>of</strong> Act 250.<br />
This report will be referenced by the testimony <strong>of</strong> <strong>David</strong> <strong>Raphael</strong>, ASLA, Principal<br />
<strong>and</strong> L<strong>and</strong>scape Architect with L<strong>and</strong> Works, the firm preparing this assessment. Thus,<br />
this report <strong>and</strong> its accompanying appendices will become a part <strong>of</strong> the overall<br />
aesthetics testimony submitted by Beaver Wood Energy, LLC in its application for a<br />
Certificate <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Good (CPC) from the <strong>Vermont</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Service Board (P58) to<br />
construct a biomass facility under Section 248 <strong>of</strong> Title 30 <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Vermont</strong> Statutes.<br />
The methodology for the aesthetics assessment <strong>of</strong> this Project includes visual <strong>and</strong><br />
cartographic analyses, document research <strong>and</strong> review. Our primary analyses assess<br />
the Project’s visibility <strong>and</strong> potential for visual <strong>and</strong> aesthetic impacts, with a focus on<br />
vantage points from major federal, state or local roads, relationships to nearby public<br />
l<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> areas <strong>of</strong> public interest, high scenic value <strong>and</strong>/or <strong>of</strong>ficial designation as a<br />
cultural, aesthetic or recreational facility or resource. Locations that involve<br />
residential areas in close proximity to the proposed biomass facility were also<br />
considered, although review <strong>of</strong> aesthetics under Section 248, using the Quechee<br />
.<br />
Analysis, specifically does not guarantee that views from individual private homes<br />
<strong>and</strong> properties will never change. We have used on-site <strong>and</strong> field study to reinforce<br />
our analyses <strong>and</strong> findings.<br />
whether a particular<br />
The aesthetic analysis for this Project has been conducted within the parameters set<br />
project will have an . . . .<br />
forth in Section 248 for review <strong>of</strong> commercial energy generation <strong>and</strong> transmission<br />
undue’ adverse .<br />
projects. The analysis thus follows <strong>and</strong> responds to the process<br />
effect<br />
<strong>and</strong> determinations<br />
on aesthetics . . .<br />
<strong>and</strong> scenic or<br />
natural beauty is<br />
significantly<br />
informed by the<br />
overall societal<br />
benefits <strong>of</strong> the<br />
project” — Findings,<br />
PSB Docket 6860<br />
required under the Quechee Analysis, established in 1985 in the Environmental<br />
Board’s Quechee Lakes decision. This analysis also recognizes that the <strong>Public</strong> Service<br />
Board weighs “societal benefits” when considering the aesthetic impacts <strong>of</strong> projects<br />
within its purview (see side panel).
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
1. Project Background<br />
1.2 Report Organization <strong>and</strong> Contents<br />
This analysis is organized around <strong>and</strong> relics on an extensive narrative <strong>of</strong> the Quechee<br />
“Test” as it applies to this proposal. It also includes a number <strong>of</strong> exhibits <strong>and</strong><br />
studies, including the following:<br />
1. Project context map.<br />
2. Photographic inventory presenting the character <strong>of</strong> the area <strong>and</strong> views to the<br />
Project area from a range <strong>of</strong> public locations.<br />
3. Line-<strong>of</strong>-site sections.<br />
4. Potential visibility map.<br />
5. Visual simulation <strong>of</strong> the Project.<br />
6. Analysis <strong>of</strong> the aesthetic impacts, which may result from the smoke stack<br />
plume.<br />
7. A review <strong>of</strong> applicable <strong>and</strong> regional plans.<br />
The following discussions, narratives, <strong>and</strong> appendices, assembled by the pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
staff at L<strong>and</strong> Works, present a compelling case for the suitability <strong>of</strong> the Project <strong>and</strong><br />
collectively demonstrate <strong>and</strong> conclude that the Project will not result in an undue,<br />
adverse impact on aesthetics.<br />
1.3 Project Description<br />
The proposed Project is a 29.5 MW wood biomass-fired electric generation plant <strong>and</strong><br />
integrated wood pellet manufacturing facility in Fair Haven, <strong>Vermont</strong>. The site plan<br />
submitted by the Petitioner illustrates the layout <strong>and</strong> components <strong>of</strong> the facility,<br />
which include several buildings <strong>and</strong> silos, conveyors, storage piles, <strong>and</strong><br />
approximately 35 parking spaces (or employees <strong>and</strong> visitors. The built portion <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Project comprises 60 acres, while the un-built portion comprises 26.3 acres.<br />
Access to the Project site will be via a proposed limited access exit ramp <strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> U.S.<br />
Route 4, near the <strong>Vermont</strong> Welcome Center. There will be no new public road<br />
constructed for the Project, but interior access roads will be built within the site.<br />
1.4 The Aesthetic Assessment<br />
Under Section 248(b)(5) the <strong>Vermont</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Service Board must find that the Project<br />
will not have an undue adverse effect on aesthetics, giving due consideration to<br />
Criterion S <strong>of</strong> Act 250. Act 250’s Criterion S addresses aesthetic impact within the<br />
parameters <strong>of</strong> the so-called Quechee Analysis, which was established to provide a<br />
consistent <strong>and</strong> defensible method for evaluating the aesthetic impacts <strong>of</strong> projects<br />
2
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
1. Project Background<br />
undergoing Act 250 review. The Quechee Analysis is a two-step process, which<br />
begins with assessing the nature <strong>of</strong> the project, its context, <strong>and</strong> whether it will lead to<br />
adverse aesthetic impacts. This step asks whether the project is in harmony with its<br />
surroundings, <strong>and</strong> the analysis is based on a clear underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> the nature <strong>of</strong> the<br />
visual impacts. This step must describe the surrounding area <strong>of</strong> the project <strong>and</strong> the<br />
compatibility <strong>of</strong> the project with those surroundings. It also asks: 1) whether suitable<br />
colors <strong>and</strong> materials have been used; 2) how visible the project is; 3) how the project<br />
affects open space in the area; <strong>and</strong>, 4) whether the project has been proposed for<br />
visually sensitive l<strong>and</strong>.<br />
If the conclusion from this first step <strong>of</strong> the analysis is that the aesthetic impacts <strong>of</strong> the<br />
project are considered to be in harmony or compatible with its surroundings, then<br />
the aesthetic impacts <strong>of</strong> the project are considered not adverse. If this is not the case,<br />
then the project is considered to have an adverse impact <strong>and</strong> the second step <strong>of</strong> the<br />
analysis is required to determine if the adverse impacts are undue. The second step<br />
asks three questions: 1) Does the project violate any clear, written community<br />
st<strong>and</strong>ards intended to protect the scenic beauty <strong>of</strong> the area?; 2) Does the project<br />
appear shocking or <strong>of</strong>fensive to the average person?, <strong>and</strong>, 3) Has the applicant taken<br />
all generally available <strong>and</strong> reasonable steps to mitigate the identified adverse impacts<br />
<strong>of</strong> the project as proposed? If the answer to questions 1 or 2 is yes, or the answer to<br />
question 3 is no, then the aesthetic impact <strong>of</strong> the project is considered unduly adverse<br />
under the Quechee Analysis.<br />
3
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
2. The Quechee Analysis<br />
2. The Quechee Analysis<br />
As slated hi the initial narrative regarding the Quechee analysis, the applicant must<br />
address the relationship <strong>of</strong> the proposed project to its surroundings, describe its color<br />
<strong>and</strong> materials, its impact on open space, <strong>and</strong> assess other aesthetic qualities.<br />
Therefore, this section follows the Quechee analysis on a step-by-step basis. The first<br />
step asks a series <strong>of</strong> questions to ascertain whether or not a project will have an<br />
“adverse” impact. The second step determines whether that impact, if adverse, is<br />
“undue.”<br />
L<strong>and</strong>Works employs a number <strong>of</strong> methodologies, as slated in Section 1.2, to assess<br />
the nature <strong>of</strong> the project’s surroundings <strong>and</strong> the potential visual <strong>and</strong> aesthetic<br />
impacts that the project may pose to those surroundings. Site reconnaissance efforts,<br />
review <strong>of</strong> important public vantage points <strong>and</strong> scenic <strong>and</strong> conservation resources,<br />
line <strong>of</strong> sight sections, 3D analysis, photographic simulations <strong>and</strong> travel along local<br />
roads have all contributed to our assessment <strong>and</strong> the conclusions derived from that<br />
assessment. In summation, all <strong>of</strong> the research, activities <strong>and</strong> exhibits generated <strong>and</strong><br />
presented as part <strong>of</strong> this assessment have informed <strong>and</strong> guided the conclusions<br />
which have been reached by the assessment.<br />
2.1 First Step <strong>of</strong> the Quechee Analysis<br />
2.1.A What is the nature <strong>of</strong> the Project surroundings?<br />
The proposed site for the Beaver Wood Energy Fair Haven Biomass Flant is located<br />
in an area approximately one mile from the downtown core <strong>of</strong> the Town <strong>of</strong> Fair<br />
Haven. The site is currently zoned Industrial. The bulk <strong>of</strong> the development<br />
infrastructure will be sited on a relatively level, low elevation area that comprises<br />
approximately 60 acres. The facility is bordered by the tracks <strong>of</strong> the Delaware<br />
Hudson Railroad along the south, along the southeast by US Route 4, on the east it is<br />
bordered by mature forests atop rock outcroppings, followed by farm fields further<br />
out. To the north it is bordered by a densely forested riparian zone along the<br />
Castleton River, which flows west where the site is bordered by a forested riparian<br />
zone along the Poultney River, which also represents the border with New York State<br />
beyond.<br />
The immediate environs <strong>of</strong> the site include a range <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> uses including the major<br />
transportation infrastructure <strong>of</strong> the limited access Route 4 highway <strong>and</strong> the rail line,<br />
commercial <strong>and</strong> industrial uses along Prospect Street, a cell tower <strong>and</strong> scattered<br />
residences to the west <strong>of</strong> the Poultney River in New York State, <strong>and</strong> a Welcome<br />
Center across the highway on the south side <strong>of</strong> the highway. The only public l<strong>and</strong> in<br />
4
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomoss Facility<br />
2. the Quechee Analysis<br />
the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the Project is the recreational area at the site <strong>of</strong> the old South School<br />
located on Academy street. The area does not include any unique or outst<strong>and</strong>ing<br />
scenic features or high value aesthetic qualities, other than typical <strong>Vermont</strong><br />
l<strong>and</strong>scape conditions <strong>of</strong> field, forest <strong>and</strong> roadside development. The roadside<br />
development in the Project environs, typified by West <strong>and</strong> Prospect Streets, includes<br />
a mix <strong>of</strong> low density commercial, industrial <strong>and</strong> residential l<strong>and</strong> uses <strong>and</strong> building<br />
types. It is an area without a distinct character <strong>and</strong> feel given the predominance <strong>of</strong><br />
the highway <strong>and</strong> railroad infrastructure, <strong>and</strong> while there are some long distance<br />
views to the Taconic Mountains to the east, <strong>and</strong> New York hills to the west, the<br />
l<strong>and</strong>scape has few distinguishing characteristics other than the riverine l<strong>and</strong>scapes<br />
<strong>and</strong> floodplains associated with the Poultney <strong>and</strong> Castleton Rivers.<br />
The nearest residential neighborhood is approximately one mile away, otherwise<br />
there is a scattering <strong>of</strong> residences along West Street, becoming more concentrated as<br />
one travels easterly towards the center <strong>of</strong> Fair Raven’s developed commercial <strong>and</strong><br />
Town core. The neighborhoods are densely developed in the pattern typical <strong>of</strong> older<br />
neighborhoods with narrow streets, houses close to the road, <strong>and</strong> large, mature trees.<br />
Throughout Fair Haven, traces <strong>of</strong> its industrial, mill-town roots are present, <strong>and</strong> have<br />
become part <strong>of</strong> the aesthetic <strong>of</strong> the Town.<br />
The area to the west in New York State is relatively undeveloped, has a rural<br />
character <strong>and</strong> scattering <strong>of</strong> commercial <strong>and</strong> residential uses along the existing road<br />
network. It should be noted that the Town <strong>of</strong> Fair Haven itself has very little in the<br />
way <strong>of</strong> scenic or tourism attractions, rather this community has a long tradition <strong>of</strong><br />
quarrying due to the slate rock type present in nearby hills <strong>and</strong> ridges. Two miles to<br />
the east <strong>of</strong> the Project site <strong>and</strong> a mile east <strong>of</strong> the Town center are extensive areas <strong>of</strong><br />
quarry development, running over 4 miles north to south. Fair Haven is an area<br />
known principally for its slate quarries <strong>and</strong> its long tradition <strong>of</strong> quarrying the<br />
desirable building stone.<br />
The Project site itself is an open field surrounded on about 65% to 70% <strong>of</strong> its<br />
perimeter by wooded buffers <strong>of</strong> deciduous <strong>and</strong> coniferous vegetation ranging in<br />
height from 20 to 50 feet <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> varying widths. Minimal additional clearing will be<br />
required by the Project, as the footprint <strong>of</strong> the facility is contained within the open<br />
field area.<br />
2.1.B Is the Project’s design compatible with its sunoundings?<br />
The Project site is zoned industrial <strong>and</strong> is <strong>of</strong> a use that is compatible with the Town<br />
zoning as well as current <strong>and</strong> historical industrial uses within the Town. The Project<br />
lies in a rural area where much <strong>of</strong> the existing industry utilizes native natural<br />
resources in its product, as has historically been the case. Logging is common in the<br />
S
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomoss Facility<br />
2. The Quechee Analysis<br />
area as there are large tracts <strong>of</strong> forests, <strong>and</strong> logging trucks are commonly seen<br />
driving through the center <strong>of</strong> Town as well as along US Route 4. Stone <strong>and</strong> gravel<br />
quarries are also common throughout the area, as are related industries such as the<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> Structural Slate Company, located nearby on South Main Street.<br />
Fair Haven is a historic mill town <strong>and</strong> has historically been home to various<br />
industries ranging from sawmills <strong>and</strong> paper mills, to forges, marble mills <strong>and</strong> slate<br />
mills. Its industrial heritage is apparent throughout the Town, both in the current<br />
uses it supports, as well as the remaining buildings <strong>and</strong> homes that once were part <strong>of</strong><br />
the mills <strong>and</strong> worker housing. Therefore, this aspect <strong>of</strong> the Project will be compatible<br />
with what is already in place <strong>and</strong> common to residents <strong>and</strong> visitors <strong>of</strong> the area.<br />
2.1.C Are the colors <strong>and</strong> materials selected for the Project suitable for the context<br />
within which it is located?<br />
While industrial in nature, the visual impact <strong>of</strong> the biomass facility will be minimized<br />
by incorporating non-reflective earth tone colors wherever possible. The facility will<br />
consist <strong>of</strong> buildings, chip silos, a chimney (or stack), <strong>and</strong> other associated smaller<br />
silos <strong>and</strong> tanks as well as conveyors. All buildings will have metal siding painted<br />
light forest green. The silos will be constructed out <strong>of</strong> concrete <strong>and</strong> will be light tan in<br />
color. Smaller silos <strong>and</strong> tanks will be metal <strong>and</strong> painted light tannish brown. The<br />
chimney will be metal <strong>and</strong> may have a red stripe at the top, depending on the final<br />
height <strong>of</strong> the stack (200 ft or higher requires a stripe). However, the stack is not<br />
expected to reach over 180 feet.<br />
Due to the site being surrounded largely by forest, the neutral earth tones, such as<br />
the light forest green, were chosen to allow the buildings <strong>and</strong> associated structures to<br />
blend into their surroundings as much as possible. Where this is not possible, as with<br />
the chimney, the color or material was dictated by considerations for safety.<br />
2.1.D What is the Project’s impact on open space?<br />
This is not a public open space nor is there any designated or <strong>of</strong>ficial public use or<br />
access for this property, therefore the Project will not directly impact any existing<br />
open space in Town. The Fair Haven Green, will have zero visibility. The park is<br />
heavily covered with mature trees, <strong>and</strong> any possible views have been precluded by<br />
canopy cover <strong>and</strong> surrounding buildings. The only open space that will have a view<br />
is from parts <strong>of</strong> the Old School site located on Academy Street. The view from here<br />
will be limited to no more than 40% <strong>of</strong> the stack <strong>and</strong> will not disrupt activities on the<br />
site. There will be no impact, visual or otherwise, to public open space anywhere else<br />
yithin the Town.<br />
6
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
2. The Quechee Analysis<br />
2.1.E Where is the Project visible from?<br />
Exhibit I <strong>of</strong> this assessment provides photographs <strong>of</strong> the site <strong>and</strong> environs,<br />
demonstrating the limited visibility <strong>of</strong> the Project site from surrounding locations.<br />
The Project viewshed map (Exhibit 3) also demonstrates the limited visibility <strong>of</strong> this<br />
Project from surrounding locations. There are very few areas in Fair Haven from<br />
which the Project will be visible due to the density <strong>of</strong> the neighborhoods <strong>and</strong><br />
presence <strong>of</strong> mature trees throughout Town.<br />
A site reconnaissance conducted by L<strong>and</strong>Works along the roads within a 1 <strong>and</strong> 3<br />
mile radius, including Prospect Street, US Route 4, Swamp Road, Pleasant Street,<br />
Academy Street, South Main Street to the New York Border, River Street, Maple<br />
Street, West Park Place, Caernarvan Street, 1st Street, jst Avenue, 2 Street, 3rd Street,<br />
4th Street, Airport Road <strong>and</strong> West Street yielded the conclusion that visibility <strong>of</strong> the<br />
site will be limited to only those roads directly adjacent or very close to the site,<br />
namely Prospect Street where it meets US Route 4, including the <strong>Vermont</strong> Welcome<br />
Center, US Route 4 along the southeast edge <strong>of</strong> the Project site, <strong>and</strong> the western end<br />
<strong>of</strong> West Street before it passes into New York State. The views From the south will be<br />
partially screened by the berms, rock outcroppings <strong>and</strong> trees that currently exist<br />
along US Route 4. Views from West Street will be limited to small sections <strong>of</strong> road<br />
<strong>and</strong> partially screened by roadside vegetation. In these locations that have visibility,<br />
the view encompasses an existing cell tower across the border in New York, a rail<br />
road bridge, <strong>and</strong> highway.<br />
The Welcome Center site <strong>and</strong> Old School site on Academy Street provide the only<br />
vantage points from public property in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the Project. Otherwise the only<br />
locations with potential visibility <strong>of</strong> the site would include a short stretch <strong>of</strong> Prospect<br />
Street running easterly from the Welcome Center, <strong>and</strong> limited locations along West<br />
Street. Given the view will be very limited from the Old School site <strong>and</strong> that there are<br />
no other public l<strong>and</strong>s in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the Project, the Project will not be readily<br />
visible to large numbers <strong>of</strong> local residents. The view <strong>of</strong> the Project from the Welcome<br />
Center site will definitely change the current conditions, but not in an extreme or<br />
overt manner, given the viewing context from the site (see Photographic Inventory-<br />
Exhibit 1). This context includes the view <strong>of</strong> the highway itself, the railroad <strong>and</strong><br />
railroad bridge over Route 4, a nearby cell tower approximately 4/lOths <strong>of</strong> a mile<br />
from the Welcome Center, as well as commercial structures <strong>and</strong> sites immediately to<br />
the east on Prospect Street. This is not, as described in the initial section <strong>of</strong> this<br />
analysis, a highly scenic or engaging area with tourist destinations or tourism<br />
infrastructure. The Welcome Center has been established to serve travelers entering<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> with the typical Welcome Center elements including restrooms, snack<br />
machines <strong>and</strong> brochure racks. The Welcome Center does contain some interpretive<br />
exhibits, but none that are specific to or highlight the site. This is a not an area where<br />
7
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
2. The Quechee Analysis<br />
travelers would linger due to any scenic views or unique l<strong>and</strong>scape qualities.<br />
Nonetheless, views to the site will be readily apparent, <strong>and</strong> the elements <strong>of</strong> the<br />
biomass power plant are not particularly attractive <strong>and</strong> will constitute a change in<br />
the l<strong>and</strong>scape <strong>and</strong> represent an industrial l<strong>and</strong> use.<br />
Biomass electricity is created through direct combustion. The facilities (boilers)<br />
produce steam to use either within an industrial process, or to produce electricity<br />
directly. They can also produce heat, which is then captured for one purpose or<br />
another. As such, the Fair Haven facility is expected to produce two possible plumes<br />
depending on the outside temperature, which need to be accounted for in this<br />
analysis. One is from the 180-foot tall stack <strong>and</strong> the other from the two cell cooling<br />
towers. The plumes are the same for both in that when the outside air is at or near<br />
saturation, the tower <strong>and</strong>/or stack adds more water vapor to the air. Saturated air<br />
with liquid water droplets can be discharged <strong>and</strong> this is what is seen as fog. This<br />
typically occurs on cool, humid days <strong>and</strong> can be mistaken as smoke.<br />
The developer has provided the following narrative about plume visibility:<br />
8<br />
Air leaving the cooling tower is usually saturated with moisture <strong>and</strong> is wanner than<br />
the ambient air, causing a wet exhaust plume to he created. The saturated exhaust<br />
plume may be visible or not depending on the specific meteorological conditions. This<br />
plume will also vary in size depending on meteorological conditions <strong>and</strong> operational<br />
factors. Conditions favoring a condensed plume occur more frequently in the fail<br />
<strong>and</strong> winter seasons, as atmospheric conditions, such as air tempcratl4re <strong>and</strong> relative<br />
humidity, arc niorc favorable during these periods for plume formation. Also, plume<br />
formation tends to occur more frequently during nighttime hours <strong>and</strong> during<br />
adverse weather conditions.<br />
Industry research indicates that the visible plume formation will occur 20% <strong>of</strong> the<br />
time during visible hours <strong>and</strong> will stay within the facility boundary during all<br />
seasons. The estimated downward visible plume length will be less than 300 feet<br />
<strong>and</strong> the estimated plume visible height can reach up to 300 feet above ground level,<br />
depending on meteorological conditions. In the winter the plume length <strong>and</strong> height<br />
may be 20% larger. Plume breadth is estimated at 40 to 50 feet.<br />
The boiler chimney plume is formed for all the similar reasons as the cooling tower<br />
plume, <strong>and</strong> the height <strong>and</strong> width is all deternnned hi 1 operational <strong>and</strong> weather<br />
conditions. At times the detached plume will he almost horizontal <strong>and</strong> at other times<br />
it is almost straight up. The plume length in either direction, horizontal or<br />
vertical, is estimated to be 150 ft or less with a diameter <strong>of</strong> approximately 30 feet.
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
2. The Quechee Analysis<br />
The plumes are a necessary byproduct <strong>of</strong> the plant’s operation <strong>and</strong> will be seen<br />
intermittently in surrounding areas, usually rising above treeline. Overall, visibility<br />
<strong>of</strong> the plumes will be limited since formation is dependent on atmospheric <strong>and</strong><br />
operational conditions, <strong>and</strong> will not be dominant in the visual l<strong>and</strong>scape on a daily<br />
basis. Plumes <strong>and</strong> stacks are not uncommon sights in our developed l<strong>and</strong>scapes <strong>and</strong><br />
are <strong>of</strong>ten associated with manufacturing or energy generation.<br />
In conclusion, due to the limited visibility, the topographical nature <strong>of</strong> the site itself,<br />
<strong>and</strong> compatible uses within the vicinity, this seems to he an ideal site for a biomass<br />
facility. If constructed, the Project will result in minimal <strong>of</strong>f-site aesthetic impacts.<br />
Notes with regard to Exhibit 3. Potential Visibility Map<br />
The potential visibility map provides a point <strong>of</strong> departure for assessing how visible a<br />
project may be within its delineated viewshed. The process includes an initial<br />
assessment using GIS s<strong>of</strong>tware <strong>and</strong> data sets <strong>and</strong> is then refined by analysis on the<br />
ground. Field assessment provides additional verification <strong>of</strong> visibility or lack <strong>of</strong> visibility.<br />
L<strong>and</strong> Works conducted a field study to ascertain the extent <strong>of</strong> visibility within the 1 <strong>and</strong><br />
3 mile radius, using the GIS analysis os a point <strong>of</strong> departure. The following notes are<br />
keyed to the numbers inserted on the Potential Visibility Map <strong>and</strong> they explain why the<br />
visibility <strong>of</strong> the Project, as verified in the field, will be extremely low even within the<br />
areas <strong>of</strong> potential visibility displayed on Exhibit 3.<br />
I. The Project will not be visible from the majority <strong>of</strong> residential <strong>and</strong> Town center areas<br />
af Fair Haven. Consisting largely <strong>of</strong> alder neighborhoods, the buildings were built close<br />
together <strong>and</strong> there exists a large quantity <strong>of</strong> mature trees <strong>and</strong> urban toresi cover that<br />
will screen ‘potential views” as shown on the Potential Visibility Map.<br />
2. Similar to area 1, the density <strong>of</strong> the neighborhoods <strong>and</strong> the maturity <strong>of</strong> the tree<br />
canopy will largely block views from this area. Visibility opens up at the recreation field<br />
at the Old School site, but will be imited to sections <strong>of</strong> the field away from trees, <strong>and</strong><br />
when the view is clear, at most, the top 40% <strong>of</strong> the stack will be visible.<br />
3, This area represents the greatest Project visibility. Located in this section is a segment<br />
<strong>of</strong> US Route 4 <strong>and</strong> the <strong>Vermont</strong> Welcome Center. The Welcome Center will have the<br />
most visibility, whie views from Route 4 will be limited along as the grade <strong>of</strong> the<br />
highway is considerably lower than that <strong>of</strong> the surrounding areas with additional<br />
screening in the farm <strong>of</strong> rock outcroppings adjacent to the highway <strong>and</strong> intermittent<br />
vegetation. The majority <strong>of</strong> the area consists <strong>of</strong> farm fields in the flood plain <strong>and</strong> few<br />
residences.<br />
4. Views from this area will be largely screened by the immediate presence <strong>of</strong><br />
buildings <strong>and</strong> trees where the road is more densely developed, <strong>and</strong> where the view<br />
opens up along farm fields, the dense forest to the north <strong>of</strong> the Project site will provide<br />
additional screening. Any potential views will be filtered through these layers <strong>of</strong><br />
intervening structures <strong>and</strong> vegetation.<br />
9
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
2. The Quechee Analysis<br />
2.1.F Conclusion to the First Step <strong>of</strong> the Quechee Analysis<br />
The conclusion <strong>of</strong> the first step <strong>of</strong> this assessment is that the Project will most likely<br />
result in an “adverse” impact on the aesthetics <strong>and</strong> scenic beauty <strong>of</strong> the area under<br />
the Quechee Analysis, given that siting a biomass facility on an undeveloped site is<br />
sufficiently different than the existing l<strong>and</strong> use, <strong>and</strong> will alter existing conditions<br />
within the l<strong>and</strong>scape. The Project will not, however, result in an undue adverse<br />
impact to aesthetics <strong>and</strong> the scenic beauty <strong>of</strong> the region, <strong>and</strong> the basis for that<br />
conclusion is presented in the next section <strong>of</strong> this assessment.<br />
2.2 The Second Step <strong>of</strong> the Quechee Analysis<br />
2.2.A Does the Project violate a clear written community st<strong>and</strong>ard intended to<br />
preserve the aesthetics or scenic, natural beauty <strong>of</strong> the area?<br />
“[ii order for a provision to he considered a clear, written conuininity st<strong>and</strong>ard, it<br />
must he ‘intended to preserve the aesthetics or scenic beauty <strong>of</strong> the area’ where the<br />
proposed project is located <strong>and</strong> must apply to specific resources in the proposed<br />
project area.<br />
In evaluating whether a project violates a clear community st<strong>and</strong>ard, which directly<br />
addresses aesthetics or a scenic resource under the Quechee test, the Board routinely<br />
looks to the Town Plan as the foremost document for providing these st<strong>and</strong>ards. If<br />
the Board finds that such st<strong>and</strong>ards do exist, <strong>and</strong> that the project as designed would<br />
violate those st<strong>and</strong>ards, the adverse impact would be undue.<br />
The development boundaries <strong>of</strong> the biomass facility are located in the Town <strong>of</strong> Fair<br />
Haven <strong>and</strong> under the purview <strong>of</strong> the Rutl<strong>and</strong> County Regional Planning<br />
Commission (RCRPC). A review <strong>of</strong> the Fair Haven Town Plan <strong>and</strong> the Rutl<strong>and</strong><br />
County Regional Plan yields the conclusion that the Project will not violate a clear,<br />
community st<strong>and</strong>ard intended to preserve the aesthetics or scenic beauty <strong>of</strong> the area<br />
in accordance with the Quechee test (see Exhibit 4 for plan excerpts).<br />
The 2008 Rutl<strong>and</strong> Regional Plan makes many references to the scenic quality <strong>of</strong> the<br />
region, stating that “Active farml<strong>and</strong>s provide ... scenic views, [<strong>and</strong>] forests provide<br />
a ... scenic backdrop throughout the year” (p. 106). One <strong>of</strong> the Plan’s l<strong>and</strong> use goals<br />
is “to provide for the long-term sustainability <strong>of</strong> resources, open space <strong>and</strong> scenic<br />
l<strong>and</strong>s” (p. 28). The Plan also seeks “To protect the natural environment <strong>and</strong> its<br />
aesthetic benefits” (p. 27). It suggests that “The quality <strong>of</strong> many outdoor recreational<br />
I In re 1-lalnon, NM-25, Order <strong>of</strong> 3/15/01 at 22 n.5.<br />
10
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomoss Facility<br />
2. The Quechee Analysis<br />
experiences is dependent upon the ...<br />
provision<br />
<strong>of</strong> aesthetically pleasing l<strong>and</strong>scapes<br />
<strong>and</strong> the degree to which the environment has been altered by human activity” (p. 94).<br />
It continues to identify some areas with scenic quality such as the Clarendon Gorge<br />
State Forest, as well as scenic roads including <strong>Vermont</strong> Route 30. However, the Plan<br />
does not identify the Project site as a scenic resource, nor does it contain specific<br />
provisions that would preclude development on the site due to its scenic quality.<br />
Moreover, there are no guidelines or st<strong>and</strong>ards specific to the aesthetics <strong>of</strong> energy<br />
generation other than to “Work with towns to find the most suitable locations for<br />
wind power production or other commercial scale power generation” (p. 132).<br />
This is an important consideration, since the Town <strong>of</strong> Fair Haven has loosely<br />
identified scenic views in its Town Plan, which do not include the Project site:<br />
Two major features dominate Fair Havens l<strong>and</strong>scape: the foothills <strong>of</strong> (lie Green<br />
Mountains <strong>and</strong> the Poultney River Valley. Much <strong>of</strong> Fair Havens rural character <strong>and</strong><br />
appeal results from the scenic vistas that can he observed in many parts <strong>of</strong> the town <strong>and</strong><br />
include an interplay <strong>of</strong> villages, nioun tains, forested hills, unbroken ridge lines, farms,<br />
fields, rivers, streams, ponds <strong>and</strong> wood l<strong>and</strong>s. Fair Haven is also fortunate to have many<br />
tree-lined streets in its village <strong>and</strong> along its outlying roads. Trees provide shade, beauty<br />
<strong>and</strong> habitat; can serve as food sources, <strong>and</strong> reduce air <strong>and</strong> noise pollution. They also can<br />
increase property values as much as 10%. Species in Fair Haven include the stately sugar<br />
maple (p. 41).<br />
Policies to protect scenic views include:<br />
Identify, protect <strong>and</strong> preseroe important natural <strong>and</strong> historic features <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Vermont</strong><br />
l<strong>and</strong>scape, including significant natural <strong>and</strong> fragile areas; outst<strong>and</strong>ing water resources,<br />
including lakes, rivers, aquifers, shorelines; wetl<strong>and</strong>; outst<strong>and</strong>ing l<strong>and</strong> resources<br />
including significant scenic roads, views; <strong>and</strong> the quality <strong>of</strong> air, <strong>and</strong> encourage <strong>and</strong><br />
strengthen agriculture <strong>and</strong> forest indus tries...” (p. 46)<br />
However, there are no other specifically identified scenic areas, nor are there any<br />
clearly defined criteria, st<strong>and</strong>ards, or guidelines to implement these broad goals, or<br />
that limit or strictly prohibit industrial development. Moreover, the Town Zoning<br />
has identified this area as an Industrial District, the purpose <strong>of</strong> which is “To al]ow for<br />
light <strong>and</strong> heavy industry such as slate or stone works, machine shops, textile<br />
manufacture, laundry <strong>and</strong> dry cleaning plants or similar operations as described in<br />
the Table <strong>of</strong> Uses. These areas are separated from residential <strong>and</strong> natural areas to<br />
minimize use conflicts” (p. 13).<br />
In conclusion, the applicable Regional <strong>and</strong> Town plans do not contain “clear, written<br />
community st<strong>and</strong>ards intended to preserve the aesthetics or scenic beauty <strong>of</strong> the<br />
‘11
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
2. The Quechee Analysis<br />
area” because there are no m<strong>and</strong>atory provisions or language that could be<br />
considered a clear guide for protecting scenic values under Step 2 <strong>of</strong> the Quechee<br />
analysis. The zoring regulations provide one clear st<strong>and</strong>ard that identifies the<br />
Project site as an Industrial District, <strong>and</strong> the Project development will be well within<br />
the zoning st<strong>and</strong>ards.<br />
2.2.B Does the Project <strong>of</strong>fend the sensibilities <strong>of</strong> the average person? Is the Project,<br />
when viewed as a whole, <strong>of</strong>fensive or shocking, because it is out <strong>of</strong> character with<br />
its surroundings, or significantly diminishes the scenic qualifies <strong>of</strong> the area?<br />
This is a challenging question ins<strong>of</strong>ar as a biomass plant <strong>of</strong> this scale is concerned.<br />
There is no question that there may be some individuals who will find this Project to<br />
be not pleasing or overly compatible with its surroundings. We have already<br />
established that this plant, as proposed, will have an adverse impact on the area from<br />
a visual perspective. It is, admittedly, at a scale <strong>and</strong> size that will dominate its site as<br />
a single purpose energy generation facility. However, a number <strong>of</strong> factors prevail<br />
under this step <strong>of</strong> the Quechee Analysis when coming to an overall conclusion. These<br />
factors include:<br />
1) The stated intent <strong>of</strong> the community as a whole that this is to be a suitable site for<br />
this type <strong>of</strong> development via the zoning designation.<br />
2) The consideration that energy generation via biomass fuel conversion is a form <strong>of</strong><br />
energy production that is becoming more widespread in the region <strong>and</strong> is<br />
recognized as a renewable form <strong>of</strong> energy - hence more acceptance <strong>and</strong><br />
underst<strong>and</strong>ing by the general public. The Fair Haven Town Plan confirms this by<br />
recognizing that bioniass generation may be a viable form <strong>of</strong> energy with<br />
supplies coming from local sources. A biomass plant has long been operating in<br />
Burlington’s lntervale without <strong>of</strong>fending local sensibilities.<br />
3) The overall lack <strong>of</strong> visibility <strong>of</strong> the Project reduces the potential for the Project to<br />
<strong>of</strong>fend local residents or visitors. The site is wail screened from most directions<br />
<strong>and</strong> adjacent roads. This factor will reduce the presence <strong>of</strong> the plant in the<br />
l<strong>and</strong>scape -<br />
as it also will be well set back from local roads <strong>and</strong> there are very few<br />
residences in the vicinity. There will be minimal if any visibility from the Fair<br />
Haven Town Center <strong>and</strong> this will be primarily <strong>of</strong> the vertical chimney or stack<br />
<strong>and</strong> an occasional plume from that stack <strong>and</strong> the cooling towers.<br />
4) The siting <strong>of</strong> the Project in area that has a mixed l<strong>and</strong> use quality, with dominant<br />
infrastructural elements such as the limited access highway, a nearby cell tower,<br />
<strong>and</strong> a rail corridor.<br />
5) The Project will not be directly seen from any designated park, open space,<br />
recreation facility or conserved l<strong>and</strong>. Therefore, there will be little if any visual<br />
12<br />
intrusion or effect <strong>of</strong> the Project <strong>and</strong> its operation on such facilities or l<strong>and</strong>s. The<br />
only exception to this is the Welcome Center on Route 4.
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
2. The Quechee Analysis<br />
Two particular issues that need to be considered with regard to “sensibilities” <strong>and</strong><br />
compatibility, the Welcome Center <strong>and</strong> the “plume”<br />
The view from the Welcome Center will not necessarily enhance the visitor’s<br />
impression <strong>of</strong> this gateway area to the State (see visual simulation in Exhibit 7).<br />
While the area is not highly scenic, <strong>and</strong> the Project as proposed will not overtly or<br />
ultimately, unduly undermine the visual character <strong>and</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> the surrounding<br />
area, it will negatively affect the area by introducing a new development with some<br />
visual impacts. It is recommended that an outdoor interpretive sign be placed at the<br />
Welcome Center in the direction 0f the biomass plant to explain its purpose <strong>and</strong><br />
operation, (<strong>and</strong> that the plume is steam) <strong>and</strong> to provide an opportunity to educate<br />
interested onlookers about this form <strong>of</strong> renewable energy <strong>and</strong> its local benefits.<br />
The plumes are a necessary byproduct <strong>of</strong> the plant’s operation <strong>and</strong> will be seen<br />
intermittently in surrounding areas. Plumes <strong>and</strong> stacks are not uncommon sights in<br />
our developed l<strong>and</strong>scapes <strong>and</strong> are <strong>of</strong>ten associated with manufacturing or energy<br />
generation. The cooling tower plume is only visible in certain weather conditions, as<br />
outlined elsewhere in this assessment. It is estimated that a plume will be generated<br />
20% <strong>of</strong> the time during the plants’ operation, <strong>and</strong> with a variable breadth <strong>of</strong> 40 to 50<br />
feet from 80 to perhaps as much as 300 feet in height depending on the season <strong>and</strong><br />
atmospheric conditions. These plumes tend to dissipate much in the way clouds do.<br />
The boiler chimney plume is not as extensive in height <strong>and</strong> breadth. The plumes will<br />
not extend beyond the property <strong>of</strong> the plant <strong>and</strong> thus will not create any <strong>of</strong>f site<br />
impacts, such as odor, other than being visible from a distance. It is not unusual to<br />
expect some byproduct from a energy generating facility such as this, <strong>and</strong> again,<br />
given the limited overall visibility, it cannot be concluded the plumes in <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
themselves will be so extensive <strong>and</strong> so “present” in the visual l<strong>and</strong>scape so as to<br />
<strong>of</strong>fend the sensibilities <strong>of</strong> an average, informed individual.<br />
2.2.C Has the applicant taken generally available mitigating steps which a<br />
reasonable person would take to improve the harmony <strong>of</strong> the proposed Project<br />
with its surrounding?<br />
The siting <strong>of</strong> the facility in a designated industrial/development area indicates that<br />
the Project is complying with the intent <strong>of</strong> the community. The selection <strong>of</strong> the site<br />
can be considered a mitigating factor. The site is relatively well screened <strong>and</strong> a<br />
suitable location in <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> itself given the proximity to electrical transmission lines<br />
<strong>and</strong> the rail corridor.<br />
As stated in the previous section, another form <strong>of</strong> potential mitigation includes the<br />
proposal to develop an outdoor interpretive sign be placed at the Welcome Center in<br />
13
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
2. The Quechee Analysis<br />
the direction <strong>of</strong> the biomass plant to explain its purpose <strong>and</strong> operation, (<strong>and</strong> that the<br />
plume is steam) <strong>and</strong> to provide an opportunity to educate interested onlookers about<br />
this form <strong>of</strong> renewable energy <strong>and</strong> its local benefits. The option to place interpretive<br />
sign(s) can be considered a mitigatthg element.<br />
The site is also one that includes existing<br />
extensive perimeter screening with native <strong>and</strong><br />
mature vegetation. The retention <strong>of</strong> most <strong>of</strong> this<br />
perimeter vegetation will be an important factor<br />
in helping to accommodate the development<br />
visually <strong>and</strong> will help set the Project <strong>of</strong>f from<br />
surrounding areas <strong>and</strong> vantage points.<br />
Proposed new buffers by means <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>scape<br />
mitigation plantings is proposed along the<br />
Route 4 alignment <strong>of</strong> the property <strong>and</strong> will<br />
provide additional screening from both the<br />
Welcome Center <strong>and</strong> the highway. The existing<br />
<strong>and</strong> proposed vegetation reduce potential<br />
visibility from <strong>of</strong>f site vantage points <strong>and</strong> can be<br />
considered a distinct mitigation measure.<br />
The selection <strong>of</strong> subdued <strong>and</strong> earth tone colors<br />
such as forest green <strong>and</strong> light brown for the<br />
buildings <strong>and</strong> silo respectively will reduce the<br />
overall visual impact <strong>of</strong> the Project. Additional<br />
The height <strong>and</strong> scale <strong>of</strong> biomoss plants ore not so great that<br />
even intervening deciduous trees, within a quarter to half mile,<br />
materials selected will be in their native<br />
coloration such as the concrete chip silo <strong>and</strong> as<br />
such will not be prominent or st<strong>and</strong> out,<br />
or closer, !ocking foliage, can orovide a reasonable amount ot<br />
effective screening for a roadside or nearby vantage point.<br />
In this simulation, the tour trees <strong>and</strong> their branches partially<br />
screen a biornoss plant <strong>and</strong> its primary stack.<br />
Finally, it is possible that there are other potential mitigation measures that may not<br />
have been identified as <strong>of</strong> yet. Additional mitigation measures that may be available<br />
<strong>and</strong> that a reasonable person would consider may emerge or be proposed during the<br />
review process with a project <strong>of</strong> this nature. The developers should consider such<br />
proposals <strong>and</strong> thus be open to additional <strong>and</strong> suitable mitigation opportunities.<br />
2.3 Overall Conclusion<br />
Based on our analysis. as described in the narrative above, we conclude<br />
unequivocally that the Project, if constructed, would not result in an undue adverse<br />
impact to the aesthetics <strong>and</strong> scenic beauty <strong>of</strong> the area. The Project’s impacts will not<br />
be unduly adverse because; fl the Project will nat be shocking or <strong>of</strong>fensive to the<br />
average person; 2) the Project does not violate any clearly written community<br />
14
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
2. The Quechee Analysis<br />
st<strong>and</strong>ard; <strong>and</strong> 3) the applicant has taken reasonably available mitigation steps to<br />
reduce the Project’s visual <strong>and</strong> aesthetic impacts. Th summary, this is an appropriate<br />
project sited in an appropriate location that will have limited, if any <strong>of</strong>f-site aesthetic<br />
impacts.<br />
15
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
3. Impacts to Historic Resources<br />
3. Impacts to Historic Resources<br />
A requirement <strong>of</strong> the Section 248 review includes a determination <strong>of</strong> whether a<br />
proposed project will have an undue adverse effect on historic sites within the<br />
surrounding areas <strong>of</strong> the project. To address this requirement, L<strong>and</strong>Works has<br />
undertaken a review <strong>of</strong> the historic structures in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the hiomass facility,<br />
<strong>and</strong> has concluded that the Project will create no undue adverse effect on any historic<br />
sites.<br />
This review was conducted following st<strong>and</strong>ards used by the <strong>Vermont</strong> Division for<br />
Historic <strong>Pre</strong>sen’ation (VDI-{P), guided by Section 106 <strong>of</strong> the National Historic<br />
<strong>Pre</strong>servation Act, <strong>and</strong> that have been applied in other Section 248 cases. Project<br />
review identified potential historic buildings, structures, <strong>and</strong> historic districts.<br />
Research <strong>of</strong> these resources was conducted by examining National Register <strong>and</strong> State<br />
Register (SR) files at VDHP <strong>of</strong>fices in Montpelier, VT for structures that are currently<br />
listed, To establish an appropriate Area <strong>of</strong> Potential Effect (APE), L<strong>and</strong>Works relied<br />
on our familiarity with the site <strong>and</strong> environs, as well as the viewshed map (Exhibit 3),<br />
which provided a 3-mile radius around the Project Site <strong>and</strong> also identified areas with<br />
potential visibility. Since the nature <strong>of</strong> the Project with its low pr<strong>of</strong>ile within the<br />
l<strong>and</strong>scape greatly reduces visibility from long-distances, the 3-mile radius was used<br />
as the APE for the historic structure review. Fieldwork involved visiting,<br />
photographing, <strong>and</strong> identifying potential impacts to the structures within the APE<br />
<strong>and</strong> within the area <strong>of</strong> potential visibility.<br />
There are fourteen (14) individual sites listed on the State Register that are located<br />
within the 3-mile APE. Based on research <strong>and</strong> field analysis it was noted that there<br />
did not appear to be any additional sites or structures eligible for listing on the State<br />
or National Register within the 3-mile Project radius. The following table <strong>and</strong><br />
accompanying photographs <strong>and</strong> location map (see Exhibit I <strong>and</strong> 2) provide a listing<br />
<strong>of</strong> these resources, their locations, <strong>and</strong> visibility. Due to topography, buildings <strong>and</strong><br />
forested woodl<strong>and</strong>, there will be limited to no views from these sites, <strong>and</strong> it can be<br />
concluded that the Project will not have an undue adverse impact on historic<br />
resources.<br />
Table 1. Listing <strong>of</strong> Historic Sites<br />
Site<br />
Address<br />
Fair Haven<br />
16<br />
Village<br />
<strong>Public</strong> Park,<br />
Fair Haven Green private residences<br />
Historic District (1) <strong>and</strong> businesses<br />
Potential<br />
Visibility!<br />
Impact<br />
NR, SR None<br />
What’s the ‘Area <strong>of</strong><br />
Potential Effects?<br />
The SHPO uses the<br />
federal definition <strong>of</strong><br />
‘Area <strong>of</strong> Potential<br />
Effects” (APE) to<br />
describe the<br />
maximum area that<br />
may be affected by<br />
a project. Both<br />
direct <strong>and</strong> indirect<br />
effects to historic<br />
resources must be<br />
considered when<br />
determining the<br />
APE.<br />
‘The geographic<br />
area or areas within<br />
which an<br />
undertaking may<br />
direc fly or indirect!y<br />
cause changes in<br />
the character or<br />
use <strong>of</strong> historic<br />
properties, if any<br />
such properties<br />
exist. The area <strong>of</strong><br />
potential effects is<br />
influenced by the<br />
scale <strong>and</strong> nature <strong>of</strong><br />
on undertaking <strong>and</strong><br />
may be different for<br />
different kinds <strong>of</strong><br />
effects caused by<br />
the undertaking.”<br />
136 CFR 800.16(d)).<br />
Source; <strong>Vermont</strong><br />
Dept. <strong>of</strong> Historic<br />
<strong>Pre</strong>servation<br />
http;//www.hisforicv<br />
ermont.org/general<br />
/reviewlaq.html
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
3. Impacts to Historic Resources<br />
Site<br />
Address Site Name<br />
Fair Haven<br />
Village<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong><br />
Route 22A<br />
Inman Pond<br />
Road<br />
Scotch Hill<br />
Road<br />
Scotch Hill<br />
Road<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> 4A<br />
East <strong>of</strong> Fair<br />
Haven<br />
Corner <strong>of</strong><br />
White Road<br />
<strong>and</strong> Greene<br />
Road<br />
1108 South’<br />
Main Street<br />
Corner <strong>of</strong><br />
Prospect<br />
Road <strong>and</strong><br />
Swamp<br />
Road<br />
Corner <strong>of</strong><br />
Prospect<br />
Road <strong>and</strong><br />
Swamp<br />
Road<br />
West Road<br />
Scotch Hr<br />
Road<br />
Fair Haven Village<br />
Historic District (2)<br />
Maplewood Inn<br />
Private<br />
Residences,<br />
Parochial, Private<br />
Businesses, etc.<br />
Private Residence<br />
Farm<br />
Private Residence<br />
•<br />
Private Residence<br />
Farm<br />
Inn<br />
.<br />
Private Residence SR<br />
Farm<br />
Private Residence<br />
Partial when<br />
traveling<br />
West<br />
Partial when<br />
traveling<br />
SR West<br />
Potential<br />
Visibility!<br />
Impact<br />
Partial from<br />
some<br />
portions <strong>of</strong><br />
SR property<br />
SR None<br />
Very limited<br />
due to<br />
intervening<br />
trees,<br />
SR topography<br />
SR None<br />
SR None<br />
SR None<br />
SR None<br />
SR None<br />
SR None<br />
SR None<br />
17
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Blomass Facility<br />
3. Impacts to Historic Resources<br />
18<br />
Potential<br />
She Visibility/<br />
Address Site Name Use Listed Impact<br />
Scotch Hill<br />
Road Private Residence SR None<br />
(1) The Fair Haven Green Historic District contains a total <strong>of</strong> 36 properties listed<br />
on the State <strong>and</strong> National Historic Register. The buildings that comprise<br />
these properties include 13 residences, 2 schools, 3 churches, a store, a<br />
library, a garage, a bank, 4 carriage barns, I pump house, 12 commercial<br />
block buildings, the green, as well as other buildings that are noncontributing.<br />
(2) The Fair Haven Village Historic District contains a total <strong>of</strong> 149 properties<br />
listed on the State Historic Register. The buildings that comprise these<br />
properties include 119 houses, 12 carriage barns, I fish hatchery, 26 barns, 4<br />
churches, 4 garages, I rectory, 3 stores/shops, <strong>and</strong> 2 commercial block<br />
buildings as well as other buildings that are non-contributing.
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
4. Orderly Development <strong>and</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Investments<br />
4. Orderly Development <strong>and</strong> <strong>Public</strong><br />
Investments<br />
4.1 Orderly Development<br />
Section 248 requires that a project not unduly interfere with the orderly development<br />
<strong>of</strong> the region. We have evaluated the Fair Haven Town Plan<br />
2 <strong>and</strong> the Rutl<strong>and</strong><br />
County Regional Plan for the Project’s compliance with the orderly development <strong>of</strong><br />
the region. The Project is a 29.5 MW biomass electric power plant with an integrated<br />
wood pellet manufacturing plant. The Project is a renewable energy base load<br />
resource that will have a very positive fiscal impact on the State <strong>of</strong> <strong>Vermont</strong>, Town <strong>of</strong><br />
Fair Haven <strong>and</strong> its citizens. The Project will create hundreds <strong>of</strong> jobs <strong>and</strong> make a<br />
significant contribution to the Town in form <strong>of</strong> property tax revenue. It can be<br />
concluded from this review that the Project will not unduly interfere with the<br />
Orderly Development <strong>of</strong> the Region <strong>and</strong> is, in fact, consistent with the local <strong>and</strong><br />
regional plans <strong>and</strong> those plans’ advocacy for the development <strong>of</strong> renewable energy<br />
resources <strong>and</strong> generating facilities.<br />
For example, the Fair Haven Town Plan states on page 66 “renewable energy sources<br />
have become very real possibilities” <strong>and</strong> that “biomass energy production from solid<br />
waste sources is rapidly gaining credibility <strong>and</strong> may be considered” (p. 66). As an<br />
objective, the Town would like to “Encourage the use <strong>of</strong> community renewable<br />
energy resources” (p. 69). To further this goal, the zoning regulations have identified<br />
the proposed Project area as an Industrial District suitable for such a development.<br />
The Rutl<strong>and</strong> Regional Plan also includes policies <strong>and</strong> goals that directly support the<br />
development <strong>of</strong> local renewable energy generation facilities, as reflected on page 132<br />
<strong>of</strong> the plan, which include “Work with local planning commissions <strong>and</strong> communities<br />
to encourage the development <strong>of</strong> renewable sources <strong>of</strong> energy <strong>and</strong> efficient building<br />
design in public <strong>and</strong> private projects,” <strong>and</strong> to “Work with towns to identify the most<br />
suitable locations for wind power production or other commercial scale power<br />
generation.” Availability <strong>of</strong> local <strong>and</strong> reliable power sources is critical to the future<br />
planned development <strong>of</strong> any region, <strong>and</strong> nowhere does the Plan specifically<br />
discourage the development <strong>of</strong> a biomass facility at this location, or anywhere in the<br />
region.<br />
Thus, this Project is an integral part <strong>of</strong> the region’s orderly development, is proposed<br />
for a site that is suitable for the use being proposed <strong>and</strong> will, in fact, support Orderly<br />
2 Excerpts <strong>of</strong> the relevant portions <strong>of</strong> the Town Plan <strong>and</strong> Regional Plan are attached to the Application as<br />
Exhibit 4.<br />
19
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
4. Orderly Development <strong>and</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Investments<br />
Development by avoiding key scenic <strong>and</strong> natural features <strong>and</strong> providing a local<br />
source <strong>of</strong> renewable energy that is necessary for such development to occur<br />
4.2 <strong>Public</strong> Investments<br />
Section 248 references <strong>and</strong> incorporates 10 V.S.A. Section 6086, which includes<br />
Criterion 9(K) Development affecting public investments. This criterion considers<br />
whether a project, as proposed, will unnecessarily or unreasonably endanger the<br />
public or quasi public investment in public facilities, services or l<strong>and</strong>s or materially<br />
jeopardize or interfere with the function, efficiency or safety <strong>of</strong>, or public’s use or<br />
enjoyment <strong>of</strong> or access to the public facility, service or l<strong>and</strong>s.<br />
The proposed Fair Haven Biomass Project will not unnecessarily or unreasonably<br />
affect public investments or services in the Fair Haven area. The applicable<br />
investments include the state highway, Route 4, the Delaware <strong>and</strong> Hudson Railroad<br />
(although this may be a privately owned company running on a corridor that may or<br />
may not have public investment), The State <strong>of</strong> <strong>Vermont</strong> Welcome Center, <strong>and</strong> a<br />
public open space/recreation parcel at the end <strong>of</strong> Academy Road.<br />
The site <strong>of</strong> the plant will be accessed from Route 4 directly with exit ramps, thus<br />
providing for efficient flow in <strong>and</strong> out <strong>of</strong> the project site without any significant<br />
traffic impacts or unacceptable physical impacts to the highway. The traffic impact<br />
assessment conducted by Conley Associates did not conclude that there would be<br />
any significant impacts accruing from this project <strong>and</strong> that the L.evel <strong>of</strong> Service (LOS)<br />
at the intersection <strong>of</strong> Routes 4 <strong>and</strong> 4A would remain at the same level it currently<br />
functions at. Therefore, there will be no material change affecting the safety or<br />
operation <strong>of</strong> the highway, or specific impact to the physical attributes <strong>of</strong> the<br />
investrnenL<br />
There will be no specific impacts or changes to the existing rail line other than a<br />
proposed spur (which would be privately funded <strong>and</strong> operated). The spur would be<br />
consistent with the purpose <strong>and</strong> operation <strong>of</strong> the rail line <strong>and</strong> as such will not<br />
adversely affect the operation or safety <strong>of</strong> the railroad.<br />
There will be no direct impacts to the Welcome Center other than visual, <strong>and</strong> the<br />
visual impact has been addressed in Section 2 <strong>of</strong> this report. As the Welcome Center<br />
is not adjacent to the site (it is approximately .12 miles from the boundary <strong>of</strong> the<br />
project site) there will be no direct physical impacts that could endanger the public’s<br />
well being or safety, or interfere with the functioning <strong>of</strong> the Welcome Center. In<br />
terms <strong>of</strong> the public’s use <strong>and</strong> enjoyment <strong>of</strong> the Center, the project will not affect the<br />
public’s use <strong>of</strong> the site (aside from a gazebo which is closed-in <strong>and</strong> with a bench<br />
facing in a different direction from the site). There is only one picnic table outdoors<br />
20
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
4. Orderly Development <strong>and</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Investments<br />
<strong>and</strong> the parking lot (which is oriented away from the project site), <strong>and</strong> it can be<br />
concluded that the occasional use <strong>of</strong> this table will not be directly affected or<br />
undermined by the view <strong>of</strong> the project. Most <strong>of</strong> the activity in the Center is indoors,<br />
with exhibits, restrooms <strong>and</strong> vending machines, <strong>and</strong> the Center itself was not sited<br />
- with any particular view in focus or scenic l<strong>and</strong>s as a feature<br />
it<br />
was not sited for a<br />
scenic vantage point, rather sited in this location because it is at the state line.<br />
Based on several visits, it is clear that most people who use the Center do so for<br />
primarily two reasons: 1) for a rest stop, <strong>and</strong> 2) to obtain information about<br />
attractions <strong>and</strong> destinations within the state. The construction <strong>of</strong> the project will<br />
impact visual qualities, but the setting is not one <strong>of</strong> high or unique scenic values to<br />
begin with, <strong>and</strong> includes other infrastructural elements which are readily visible<br />
from the Welcome Center, such as the entire highway corridor, the rail line in an<br />
overpass, a nearby cell tower, a dumpster for the Center, <strong>and</strong> mixed commercial <strong>and</strong><br />
industrial type uses adjacent to it. As the public is not typically attracted to this site<br />
for enjoyment -<br />
rather<br />
for information <strong>and</strong> a travel break from driving -<br />
it<br />
can be<br />
concluded that the project, as proposed, will not unnecessarily or unreasonably<br />
endanger the public or quasi-public investment in this facility.<br />
There is one nearby recreation site as listed in the Fair Haven Zoning Ordinance <strong>and</strong><br />
referred to as the “area at the former ‘South School’ on Academy Street.” Based on a<br />
site visit it appears that this site gets little use, <strong>and</strong> is overgrown <strong>and</strong> does not include<br />
any specific recreation or public facilities or even a designated parking area. While it<br />
is possible that the 180 foot stack associated with the project <strong>and</strong> the occasional<br />
plume From that stack may be visible from this site, it appears as though no other<br />
component <strong>of</strong> the project will be visible due to intervening vegetation (as there is a<br />
perimeter tree line around the property, l<strong>and</strong>forms <strong>and</strong> development). The site is not<br />
oriented towards any long distance views, <strong>and</strong>, as stated, does not appear to attract<br />
large numbers <strong>of</strong> users. Taking all these factors into consideration, it can be<br />
concluded that the public’s use <strong>and</strong> enjoyment <strong>of</strong> this site will not be materially<br />
affected, nor will there be any safety or other direct impacts to this investment as a<br />
result <strong>of</strong> the project, as proposed.<br />
21
3. <strong>Vermont</strong> SVelesin,e Center <strong>and</strong> Gazebo. Project tie is apprsodnsalely (1.15 miles<br />
north.<br />
2. Vesv <strong>of</strong> projeco cite from gazebo it <strong>Vermont</strong> Wlcon Center Pnsirct silo is ap<br />
prointazeIy it IS tales nonh.<br />
I. View <strong>of</strong> radroad overpess <strong>and</strong> proiret ‘lIe beyond from Prospect Sneer <strong>Vermont</strong><br />
\Qleoine Ceciter ncr’s roots!. Pisijec! site is :tppiosintatey It I nsile, nooh<br />
Ii<br />
6. View Iowan! project site from US Route 4 overpass •1 Airport Road. Project site<br />
approintalely 1.3 miles north East.<br />
5. Nearby Cell Tower ‘rest <strong>of</strong> project site. view frornjunelion US Route 4 <strong>and</strong> Pros<br />
pect Sires<br />
1 U S Route 4 <strong>and</strong> Prospect Street. Proj—<br />
4. View Toward project site froni unctiinto<br />
eel silo is spprOxtniatc I y II.’ nj ics north<br />
Exhibit 1: Photo Inventory Sheet 1 <strong>of</strong> 3 11/2/2010 Laii%.ts<br />
heaver Wood Biomass Project- Fair Haven! <strong>Vermont</strong> <strong>Pre</strong>pared to,- Beaver od Energy
9. View toward project site foam the junction <strong>of</strong> Cedar Street <strong>and</strong> Academy Street.<br />
Project site a approximately 1.0 miles”r.north west.<br />
8. Vie’s [uwani proicct site <strong>of</strong> storage units dons Pxospect Street. Project site is ap’<br />
ptoxtiiatel’ 0.2 nsrlca svcaL 1north west.<br />
7. View toward project site front the Lirktron <strong>of</strong> Prospect Street <strong>and</strong> Swamp Road.<br />
Proiect stic a approximately 0.4 trilL-s xses unorth “eat.<br />
k<br />
2. hiS Route 4 <strong>and</strong> project site heyond as viewed irons West Road Isridse. Project<br />
site is appros insatety 0,5 nsiles sotitls ‘vest.<br />
II. The Ventronl Slate Company as viewed irons the Maplewood Inn, a National<br />
historic Site. Project site is approximately 1.7 nsiles north west<br />
ID. View toward project site (ron’ the end <strong>of</strong> Academy Street, Project site is ap’<br />
petixitnalely 0.8 miles wesUnor(h west.<br />
Exhibit 1: Photo Inventory Sheet 2 <strong>of</strong> 3 11/2/2010 Laiidás<br />
Beaver Wood Biomass Project- Fair Haven, <strong>Vermont</strong> <strong>Pre</strong>paeed for Beaver tod Energy
I<br />
t4. Zoom view toward project site from bridge on Rivet Street. Project site is ap<br />
proximately 1.4 miles vesUnorah west.<br />
13. View west toward project site Irons bridge on River Street. SOnic houses in<br />
view are on State Historic Register as pail <strong>of</strong> stie Pair Haven Village Historic Dii<br />
triel. Project site is approximately 1.4 mites west,<br />
I 8. View toward the project site from West Road. Project site is approximately 0,4<br />
mites south.<br />
I]. View toward the projeel site Irons side yard <strong>of</strong> Marble Mansion, Project site is<br />
approximately 1.2 miles ‘vest/north west.<br />
16. Marble Mansion in the Fair Green National Historic District. Project site is<br />
approx i inalely I .2 liii lea west/south WesI<br />
Exhibit 1: Photo Inventory Sheet 3 <strong>of</strong> 3 111212010 L<strong>and</strong>Idcs<br />
Beaver Wood Biomass Project- Fair Haven, <strong>Vermont</strong> <strong>Pre</strong>pared for Beaver od Energy
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Exhibit 2. Photo Location Map<br />
Beaver Wood Energy Fair Haven LLC<br />
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TOTE. This nop dtpmdt open omen eli, POTENTIN.enbtbtyn(the taiteen Project oo’nponenlo. Forested aieasoreaoetomed rhine mnmmmntblity000 to iileNentng eegenaboe roTor Oct lii snanonres (on alt p011001 slnnctn,es veil be seen<br />
eacemlccatmor Themroporipocconmre,000tbpter,pbp<strong>and</strong>decid0000.noniler000.0011 rre.edeoreecooenarassodheghmnlaoletlbeeeepdornlnrr000lMorerereosncbesbuilomrq000dntnodsreoaoooateehegproeddnesty<br />
site speafic vegetation <strong>and</strong>lorrennonat onranonemnegesighl <strong>and</strong> aloneepimerc<strong>and</strong> mteaonercnedbare. Under colUmn cendinters elms op eeersoameoedrereonwcnsmesomml be seen front Ponentan deosbed is based on coo dote ememlable atone tern<br />
frornVCN&OeormerWeodEnelgyLtc Donssrniy051ccsraneasmeormginaisaenee<strong>and</strong>enongjorenmeedepLannoiomss<br />
teams br NO<br />
Exhibit 3: Potential Visibility from Open Areas<br />
Beaver Wood Energy Fair Haven LLC<br />
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Dee 11210<br />
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Exhibit 4. Excerpts from Town & Regional Plan<br />
Aesthetic Assessment <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Beaver Wood Biomass Facility<br />
Pownal, Vt
PROSPERITY WITH PRIDE<br />
OUR GATEWAY TO THE FUTURE<br />
TOWN PLAN 2003<br />
Adopted by the Fair Haven Select Board September 24, 2003<br />
Approved aid Confirmed by Rutl<strong>and</strong> Regional Planning Commission
<strong>of</strong> a healthy aquatic environment. Native trout are extremely sensitive to increases in<br />
sedimentation <strong>and</strong> temperature that may result from incompatible l<strong>and</strong> use activities. Some local<br />
streams are also home to stocked fish.<br />
Flora, Fauna <strong>and</strong> Natural Communities<br />
Fair Haven is also known to be home to certain rare species <strong>and</strong> natural communities -- species<br />
or communities that are restricted in occurrence relative to other species or communities, or that<br />
may have declined significantly due to natural or human-induced causes.<br />
The largest unbroken wooded area in town is in what is known as the “North Woods, <strong>and</strong><br />
involves roughly the northeasterly quarter <strong>of</strong> the town. Again there is much water there,<br />
including Inman Pond (our local water supply), the Howard Dam, the Sheldon Dam, <strong>and</strong> Old<br />
Marsh Pond (The Marsh” locally). Also located in the “North Woods” is a very fragile “den’,<br />
one <strong>of</strong> the only two presently viable habitats known to exist in the state, <strong>of</strong> timber rattlesnakes.<br />
Relatively few are ever sighted (<strong>and</strong> then never near the village), <strong>and</strong> their natural camouflage<br />
<strong>and</strong> ability to avoid people, even while gathering the sunlight so much needed for their survival,<br />
is probably the reason for their survival thus far. Until the early 1970s towns people hunted<br />
them for state bounties, <strong>and</strong> there seems to be much local prejudice, largely based on unfounded<br />
fears <strong>and</strong> ignorance <strong>of</strong> the snakes biology <strong>and</strong> habitat, against them Local people, <strong>and</strong> for that<br />
matter everyone else, should be encouraged not to kill the remaining snakes, but to try to<br />
preserve this denning area near the very northern extreme <strong>of</strong> the snakes habitat. While the<br />
unusual coloring <strong>of</strong> the local snakes does not make them a subspecies. they do seem to be an<br />
endangered species in <strong>Vermont</strong>.<br />
Scenic Views<br />
Two major features dominate Fair Haven’s l<strong>and</strong>scape: the foothills <strong>of</strong> the Green Mountains <strong>and</strong><br />
the Poultney River Valley. Much <strong>of</strong> Fair Haven’s rural character <strong>and</strong> appeal results from the<br />
scenic vistas that can be observed in many parts <strong>of</strong> the town <strong>and</strong> include an interplay <strong>of</strong> villages,<br />
mountains, forested hills, unbroken ridge lines, farms, fields, rivers, streams, ponds <strong>and</strong> wood<br />
l<strong>and</strong>s. Fair Haven is also fortunate to have many tree-lined streets in its village <strong>and</strong> along its<br />
outlying roads. Trees provide shade, beauty <strong>and</strong> habitat; can serve as food sources, <strong>and</strong> reduce<br />
air <strong>and</strong> noise pollution They also can increase property values as much as 10%. Species in Fair<br />
Haven include the stately sugar maple.<br />
Air Quality<br />
There are a number <strong>of</strong> significant sources <strong>of</strong> air pollution in <strong>Vermont</strong>. The Nggest source is<br />
the automobile. Several steps have been taken over the last years to improve the emissions from<br />
automobiles nation wide. However, while the controls have reduced the amoi.mt <strong>of</strong> pollution<br />
from each vehicle, the number <strong>of</strong> vehicles on <strong>Vermont</strong> roads <strong>and</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> miles they travel<br />
have increased dramatically. Although theL-efficient vehicles are in popular use it is hoped that<br />
alternative energy sources will become available in the future. The increase in vehicles <strong>and</strong> road<br />
miles is a trend that is expected to continue into the foreseeable future.<br />
Another source <strong>of</strong> air pollution still common is trash burning. Although illegal, people continue<br />
to burn trash as an alternative to paying for it to be put in a l<strong>and</strong>fill. As air pollution is better<br />
understood, it has become clear that the uncontrolled open burning <strong>of</strong> trash <strong>and</strong> debris is an<br />
environmentally unsound disposal method posing both immediate <strong>and</strong> long-term health risks.<br />
41
Policies on <strong>Pre</strong>senTation <strong>of</strong> Resources<br />
This is a statement on the preservation <strong>of</strong> rare <strong>and</strong> irrepiaceable natural areas, scenic <strong>and</strong><br />
historic features <strong>and</strong> resources for the town <strong>of</strong> Fair Haven. Most <strong>of</strong> these policies have been<br />
stated in other section <strong>of</strong> the plan <strong>and</strong> will therefore not be repeated here but rather referenced.<br />
The Referenced section is not meant to he restrictive, definitive or exclusive <strong>of</strong> other parts <strong>of</strong><br />
the entire plan for the Town <strong>of</strong> Fair Haven. The policies put forth in this section are to be part <strong>of</strong><br />
the policies as stated in the plans entirety.<br />
Furthennore the policies stated in this section are not the complete <strong>and</strong> final statement <strong>of</strong> the<br />
policies <strong>of</strong> the Planning Commission. The Commission reserves that right for itself <strong>and</strong> may<br />
make or promulgate such policies as it sees fit at any time. The planning process is a continuous<br />
process that will change <strong>and</strong> be redefined in a manor that is faster then the governmental<br />
process allows for in the written form <strong>of</strong> this plan <strong>and</strong> as such the sitting planning commission<br />
has the final authority as to it’s policies <strong>and</strong> procedures. These policies should be clearly defined<br />
in the minutes <strong>of</strong> the Planning Commission as retained on file by the town clerk<br />
1. PoLicies to identifi, protect <strong>and</strong> preserve important natural <strong>and</strong> historic features <strong>of</strong><br />
the <strong>Vermont</strong> l<strong>and</strong>scape, Including significant natural <strong>and</strong> fragile areas; outst<strong>and</strong>ing<br />
water resources, including lakes, rivers, aquifers, shorelines; wetl<strong>and</strong>; outst<strong>and</strong>ing<br />
l<strong>and</strong> resources including significant scenic roads, views; <strong>and</strong> the quality <strong>of</strong> air, <strong>and</strong><br />
encourage <strong>and</strong> strengthen agriculture <strong>and</strong> forest industries would be contained in<br />
the section on Natural Resources.<br />
2. l.<strong>and</strong> resources, such as mineral resources should be planned for use <strong>and</strong><br />
dcveiopnient according to thc principles set forth in 10 ‘.‘SA section 6086(a) <strong>and</strong><br />
the l<strong>and</strong> use section as well as economic development section.<br />
3. Policies to identi’, protect <strong>and</strong> preserve important historic structures, sites, or<br />
district, archaeological sites <strong>and</strong>lor archaeological sensitive areas would be<br />
contained in the Flistorical Resources Section<br />
4 Policies to encourage the efficient use <strong>of</strong> energy <strong>and</strong> the developmein <strong>of</strong><br />
renewable energy resources would be contained in Energy Section.<br />
5. Policies <strong>and</strong> Strategies to protect long term viability <strong>of</strong> agriculture <strong>and</strong> forest<br />
l<strong>and</strong>s should be encouraged <strong>and</strong> should include maintaining low overall density<br />
<strong>and</strong> would be listed in the economic development <strong>and</strong> natural resources section<br />
<strong>and</strong> having the following objectives:<br />
1. The manufacture <strong>and</strong> marketing <strong>of</strong> value added agriculture <strong>and</strong> forest<br />
products along with the use <strong>of</strong> locally grown food products should be<br />
encouraged by forming a Farmers Market to be held during summer<br />
months in the park.<br />
2. Sound forest <strong>and</strong> agricultural management practices should be encouraged<br />
by continued evaluation <strong>of</strong> conserved l<strong>and</strong>s so residents do not bear a tax<br />
burden for conserved l<strong>and</strong>s that is excessive when the overall tax rate is<br />
compared to all other municipalities in <strong>Vermont</strong>.<br />
3. Fair Haven has in the past maximized public investment to minimize<br />
development pressure on agriculture <strong>and</strong> forest l<strong>and</strong>s. A balance must be<br />
achieved so that Fair Haven does not bear unrealistic burdens compared to<br />
46
Although pumped storage sites are not net producers <strong>of</strong> electricity - it actually takes more<br />
electricity to pump the water up than is recovered when it is released - they are a valuable<br />
addition to electricity suppLy systems. Their value is in their ability to store electricity for use at a<br />
later time when peak dem<strong>and</strong>s are occurring. Storage is even more valuable if intermittent<br />
sources <strong>of</strong> electricity such as solar or wind are hooked into a system.<br />
Environmental Impacts<br />
Ilydro-electric power plants have many environmental impacts, some <strong>of</strong> which are just<br />
beginning to be understood. These impacts, however, must be weighed against the<br />
environmental impacts <strong>of</strong> alternative sources <strong>of</strong> electricity. Until recently there was an almost<br />
universal belief that hydro power was a clean <strong>and</strong> environmentally safe method <strong>of</strong> producing<br />
electricity. Flydro-electric power plants do not emit any <strong>of</strong> the st<strong>and</strong>ard atmospheric pollutants<br />
such as carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide given <strong>of</strong>f by fossil fuel fired power plants. In this<br />
respect, hydro power is better than burning coal, oil or natural gas to produce electricity, as it<br />
does not contribute to http://www.iclei.orgIEFACTS!globwai-m.htm or<br />
http://www.iclei.orgIEFACTS/acidrain.htm. Similarly, hydro-eiectric power plants do not result<br />
in the risks <strong>of</strong> radioactive contamination associated with<br />
http //www.iclei.org1EFACTS/flssion.htrn.<br />
A few recent studies <strong>of</strong> large reservoirs created behind hydro darns have suggested that decaying<br />
vegetation, submerged by flooding, may give <strong>of</strong>f quantities <strong>of</strong> greenhouse gases equivalent to<br />
those from other sources <strong>of</strong> eLectricity. If this turns out to be true, hydro-electric facilities such<br />
as the James Bay project in Quebec that flood large areas <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> might be significant<br />
contributors to global warming. Run <strong>of</strong> the river hvdro plants without dams <strong>and</strong> reservoirs<br />
would not be a source <strong>of</strong> these greenhouse gases.<br />
The Future <strong>of</strong> Hydro-Electric Power<br />
In North-America <strong>and</strong> Europe, a large percentage <strong>of</strong> hydro power potential has already been<br />
developed. <strong>Public</strong> opposition to large hydro schemes will probably result in very little new<br />
development <strong>of</strong> big dams <strong>and</strong> reservoirs Small scale <strong>and</strong> low head hydro capacity will probably<br />
increase in the future as research on low head turbines, <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ardized turbine production,<br />
lowers the costs <strong>of</strong> hydro-electric power at sites with low heads. New computerized control<br />
systems <strong>and</strong> improved turbines may allow more electricity to be generated from existing<br />
facilities in the future. As well, many small hydro electric sites were ab<strong>and</strong>oned in the 1950’s <strong>and</strong><br />
60’s when the price <strong>of</strong> oil <strong>and</strong> coal was very low, <strong>and</strong> their environmental impacts unrealized.<br />
Increased fuel prices in the fUture could result in these facilities being refurbished.<br />
Other Renewable Resources<br />
Several other renewable energy sources have become very real possibilities in recent years. The<br />
first <strong>of</strong> these, co-generation, has become increasingly more popular in <strong>Vermont</strong>. Faced with<br />
abundant wood supplies <strong>and</strong> the prospect <strong>of</strong> unstable fUture oil prices, small-scale wood fired<br />
co-generation may become a feasible alternative for Fair HavenS The smoke <strong>and</strong> environmental<br />
consideration <strong>of</strong> this would need to be examined. Similarly, biomass energy production from<br />
solid waste sources is rapidly gaining credibility <strong>and</strong> may be considered. Wind Power is a source<br />
that needs further consideration.<br />
66
patterns that will continue to be energy efficient <strong>and</strong> conscious. Further growth in other areas <strong>of</strong><br />
town in an unrestricted manner would not lead to the continuation <strong>of</strong> such patterns in terms <strong>of</strong><br />
energy consumption<br />
Fair Haven has the transportation facilities that could facilitate state wide collection at an<br />
economical rate due to the economy <strong>of</strong> scale. The reprocessed regrind could be shipped world<br />
wide.<br />
OBJECTIVES<br />
Actively encourage efficient energy consumption.<br />
Maximize energy conservation.<br />
Utilize l<strong>and</strong> use planning to influence development patterns <strong>and</strong> site design in an energy efficient<br />
manner.<br />
Encourage the use <strong>of</strong> community renewable energy resources.<br />
Actively consider energy efficiency in all future transportation planning.<br />
Further development <strong>of</strong> the hydroelectric plant in Fair Haven is to be considered as a potential<br />
renewable energy pr<strong>of</strong>it center.<br />
IMPLEMENTATION<br />
Encourage the use <strong>of</strong> energy efficient techniques for new residential constniction by having the<br />
zoning administrator provide all applicants with any available information on energy efficiency<br />
from the State.<br />
Encourage the use <strong>of</strong> energy efficient space <strong>and</strong> water heating techniques through Planning<br />
Commission proposed revisions to Town bylaws <strong>and</strong> ordinances.<br />
Promote development patterns that concentrate growth in central areas <strong>and</strong> locate residential<br />
growth near work <strong>and</strong> shopping areas through Planning Commission proposed revisions to<br />
Town codes <strong>and</strong> ordinances<br />
Encourage building with southern solar access to utilize passive solar heating, <strong>and</strong> to retain the<br />
opportunity for future solar development, through sighting recommendations by the Zoning<br />
Administrator.<br />
Encourage the use <strong>of</strong> shelterbelts (tree rows) to act as wind buffers in the winter, <strong>and</strong> for<br />
shading during the summer through sighting recommendations by the Zoning Administrator.<br />
The Town should promote the use <strong>of</strong> locally produced wood as an energy source by maintaining<br />
a list <strong>of</strong> local wood suppliers.<br />
69
Rutl<strong>and</strong> Regional Plan<br />
ADOPTED B THE RUTLAND REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION ON APRIL 15, 2008<br />
;1 I)l<br />
/<br />
- - a. .• —<br />
-- ..cr--.. -<br />
“ii<br />
fri<br />
:
foundation <strong>of</strong> the Region’s planning <strong>and</strong><br />
development program. They ore intended<br />
to be appiied throughout the Region along<br />
with the P/an’s goals for housing,<br />
economic development—ir. several farms,<br />
transportation, public facilities, notural <strong>and</strong><br />
cultural resources, <strong>and</strong> energy, among<br />
others<br />
FUTURE USE OF LAND GOALS<br />
The collowing broad goals for the future<br />
use <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> in the Rutl<strong>and</strong> Region ore<br />
presented with the intent that they be read<br />
<strong>and</strong> considered together, as whoe, <strong>and</strong><br />
not as a series <strong>of</strong> individual statements:<br />
• To maintain <strong>and</strong> improve the<br />
accessibility, livability <strong>and</strong> viability <strong>of</strong><br />
existing built-up areas.<br />
• To protect the character <strong>of</strong> rural areas<br />
<strong>and</strong> resource areas by discouraging<br />
scaftered dev&opment <strong>and</strong> incompatible<br />
l<strong>and</strong> uses.<br />
• To promote competitive <strong>and</strong> sustainable<br />
agricultural, forestry, mineral extraction,<br />
<strong>and</strong> other practices that make use <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Region’s natural resources.<br />
• To encourage <strong>and</strong><br />
development in existing<br />
growth centers appropriate<br />
<strong>of</strong> the centers.<br />
to the scale<br />
• To promote intensive l<strong>and</strong> uses <strong>and</strong><br />
development only in areas where<br />
adequate public services, facilities, <strong>and</strong><br />
employment centers are available.<br />
facilitate<br />
<strong>and</strong> future<br />
• To protect the notural environment <strong>and</strong><br />
its economic, ecological, sociological,<br />
psychological <strong>and</strong> aesthetic benefits.<br />
RUTLAND RPC AcTioNs<br />
n addition to supporting activities <strong>and</strong><br />
developments that contribute to individual<br />
communities <strong>and</strong> the Region, <strong>and</strong> which<br />
help meet the needs identified in this P/an,<br />
the Rutl<strong>and</strong> Regiona Plonning<br />
Rutl<strong>and</strong> Regional Plan Adopted 4-1508<br />
Commission will strive to accomplish the<br />
following actions in the coming years:<br />
• Work with communities to develop<br />
municipal plans on.d regulations that<br />
promote compact development, mixed<br />
use villages <strong>and</strong> town centers, ond<br />
productive working l<strong>and</strong>scapes.<br />
• Work with towns to implement<br />
plans through regulatory <strong>and</strong><br />
regulatory controls<br />
their<br />
non-<br />
• Provide towns with GIS data so when<br />
development proposals are presented,<br />
towns hove the most up-to-date<br />
information to make informed decisions.<br />
• Work with communities to retair vibrant<br />
village centers.<br />
• Work with interested communities to<br />
successfully tie commercial <strong>and</strong><br />
industrial uses into existing lord use<br />
patterns.<br />
• Provide ongoing education to local<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficials <strong>and</strong> boards on best practices for<br />
the review <strong>of</strong> development proposals.<br />
FOOD FOR<br />
THOUGHT<br />
“Densiry is an emotLoLml<br />
thing masquerading as a<br />
scientific ratio.<br />
“We always hear from people<br />
that they want a cafe, a<br />
bakery, <strong>and</strong> a bookstore. But<br />
all these businesses depend on<br />
a certain amount <strong>of</strong> street<br />
traffic. They’re a function ci<br />
densiw.... you need a certain<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> densiry at a certain<br />
household income within a<br />
certain radius to suDport a<br />
grocery store.”<br />
— architect Alex Seidel<br />
FAST FACT<br />
Between 1997 <strong>and</strong> 2002, the<br />
Rutl<strong>and</strong> Region lost 7-000<br />
acres <strong>of</strong> agricultural l<strong>and</strong><br />
(roughly half the size ot<br />
Sudbury or Wells) to<br />
development.<br />
— US Census <strong>of</strong>Agriculture<br />
27
THE FUTURE USE OF LANb MAP<br />
The Regional P/an’s Future Use <strong>of</strong> L<strong>and</strong> Map is a general guide for<br />
the forthcoming growth <strong>of</strong> the Region. It is based upon analyses from<br />
throughout the P/an <strong>and</strong> attempts to balance competing <strong>and</strong><br />
complementary goals into a single image.<br />
The map is intended to be conceptual: boundaries between area are<br />
imprecise. Specific sites <strong>and</strong> their prescribed uses are addressed<br />
locally.<br />
The map is divided based on preferred densities <strong>of</strong> development<br />
intensity <strong>of</strong> activity. These include four generalized l<strong>and</strong> use areas, a<br />
series <strong>of</strong> labels for the Region’s town centers <strong>and</strong> villages. Together,<br />
these designations promote a cohesive pattern <strong>of</strong> growth <strong>and</strong><br />
conservation that advances the intent <strong>of</strong> the Rut/<strong>and</strong> Regional P/an. 4<br />
Why the Labels <strong>and</strong> L<strong>and</strong> Use Areas Exist<br />
The map is based on an analysis <strong>of</strong> the location, magnitude, <strong>and</strong><br />
potential <strong>of</strong> multiple features that make different areas more or less<br />
suitable, with a goal <strong>of</strong> making efficient use <strong>of</strong> limited infrastructurej<br />
<strong>and</strong> maintaining the unique qualities <strong>of</strong> the Region.<br />
For example, business <strong>and</strong> industry rely on the presence <strong>of</strong> public<br />
water <strong>and</strong> sewer, close proximity <strong>of</strong> major transportation networks,<br />
<strong>and</strong>, in some cases, access to markets for selling their goads.<br />
By the same token, due to physical site limitations (steep slopes <strong>and</strong><br />
wetl<strong>and</strong>s, among others) <strong>and</strong> relatively high costs incidental to l<strong>and</strong><br />
development in certain areas, much <strong>of</strong> the Region is not readily<br />
available for development. These areas are suited for less dense <strong>and</strong><br />
intense development, in keeping with the Regions rural environment.<br />
Additionally, deep, well drained soils, proximity to good roads, <strong>and</strong><br />
access to markets as key elements <strong>of</strong> a successful agricultural future<br />
for the Region. The P/an is also intended to provide for the long-term<br />
sustainability <strong>of</strong> resources, open space <strong>and</strong> scenic l<strong>and</strong>s.<br />
Finally, the P/an seeks to promote housing <strong>and</strong> small business I<br />
development within <strong>and</strong> adjacent to villages that is in keeping with<br />
their unique histories.<br />
The attached map depicts both an efficient use <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> a<br />
shared vision for the future based on public input. It should be used as<br />
a guide for future development <strong>of</strong> the Region. Planned growth <strong>and</strong><br />
development is directed to those areas most suitable for such<br />
development <strong>and</strong> away from areas in which the proposed growth would<br />
be incompatible, due to the availability <strong>of</strong> services or protection <strong>of</strong><br />
resources.<br />
Using the Map’s Legend<br />
HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT AREAS<br />
Areas shown as “high density” on the map<br />
are those most suitable for large-scale<br />
activity, within <strong>and</strong> in areas contiguous to<br />
the Regions downtowns, sub-regional<br />
centers, <strong>and</strong> industrial centers. They share<br />
a number <strong>of</strong> common features which make<br />
them attractive <strong>and</strong> suitable for these<br />
types <strong>of</strong> activities:<br />
• Ease <strong>of</strong> access to major transportation<br />
routes<br />
• Availability <strong>of</strong> utilities, including public<br />
water <strong>and</strong> sewer <strong>and</strong> high speed<br />
telecommunications<br />
• Historic <strong>and</strong> current areas <strong>of</strong><br />
concentrated population, business, <strong>and</strong><br />
education<br />
• Less critical natural resource <strong>and</strong> wildlife<br />
areas<br />
These areas include the following<br />
designations within the Region:<br />
CENTER- The Regions<br />
economic, population, education,<br />
flURBAN<br />
<strong>and</strong> service focus areas. Businesses<br />
<strong>and</strong> services in this area draw their<br />
employees <strong>and</strong> clients from throughout the<br />
Region. Many <strong>of</strong> the Region’s largest<br />
employers are located in area, making use <strong>of</strong><br />
the conglomeration <strong>of</strong> people <strong>and</strong> services.<br />
SUB-REGIONAL CENTERS-Areas<br />
where central public utilities for<br />
water <strong>and</strong> sewer are available <strong>and</strong><br />
where there exists a central location or<br />
locations for commercial activities, schools,<br />
Why the Map is Blended<br />
<strong>and</strong> civic activities<br />
- I surrounding towns.<br />
for the town <strong>and</strong><br />
Boundaries between the four l<strong>and</strong> use areas are intentionally<br />
blended to underscore the regional nature <strong>of</strong> the map <strong>and</strong> to promote<br />
growth <strong>and</strong> development that is within <strong>and</strong> contiguous to existing<br />
villages, hamlets, town centers, <strong>and</strong> sub-regional centers.<br />
INbUSTRIAL / BUSINESS<br />
PARKS— Areas designated by towns<br />
28 Mopted 415O8 Rutl<strong>and</strong> Regional Plan<br />
I
CTING<br />
THANLAN<br />
The Quality <strong>of</strong> many outdoor<br />
recreaflonal experiences is<br />
dependent upon the health <strong>of</strong><br />
the natural environment,<br />
continuance <strong>of</strong> open space,<br />
provision <strong>of</strong> aesthetically<br />
pleasing l<strong>and</strong>scapes <strong>and</strong> the<br />
degree to which the<br />
environment has been altered<br />
by human activity.<br />
L<strong>and</strong> development patterns<br />
affect rccrearion. The<br />
fragmentation <strong>of</strong> large open<br />
tracts <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> into smaller<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten residential, lots<br />
decreases hunting<br />
opportunities in the county.<br />
Stortnwatcr run<strong>of</strong>f, clearing<br />
<strong>of</strong> riparian vegetation <strong>and</strong><br />
other attects <strong>of</strong> deveiopTncnt<br />
affccr fish populations<br />
to adequately plan <strong>and</strong> provide recreation<br />
options. Only half the towns in the Region<br />
have a recreation commission, recreation<br />
department or recreation director.<br />
The capacity <strong>of</strong> mary groups to identify<br />
recreationai needs, organize sports<br />
eagues, conauct easioility studies for<br />
proposed recreation facilities <strong>and</strong> plan for<br />
facility maintenance <strong>and</strong> enhorcement, on<br />
top <strong>of</strong> seeking out new recreational<br />
opportunities, is <strong>of</strong>ten insufficient. Towns<br />
with no recreation director or commission<br />
are at an even greater disadvantage <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong>ten depend on neighboring town’s<br />
recreation facilities <strong>and</strong> programs.<br />
Facility Needs<br />
Many municipalities have cited<br />
1ism, high maintenance costs <strong>of</strong><br />
v<strong>and</strong>e<br />
historic <strong>and</strong> public aciUties, over use <strong>of</strong><br />
recreational faciuties ard loss <strong>of</strong> scenic<br />
views <strong>and</strong> open areas to development as<br />
i potential threats to the Region’s<br />
recreational resources. Often, needs or<br />
increased staff training, netter<br />
nformatiorai signs, <strong>and</strong> more extensive<br />
budgeting acrivi:ies are necessary for<br />
current facilities to adequately meet users<br />
needs.<br />
Even while municipalities are having<br />
trouble maintaining the facilities they have,<br />
there is a recognized need for additional<br />
basic facilities such as ball fields <strong>and</strong> trail<br />
networks to meet recreational needs at the<br />
local level.<br />
New recreation programs<br />
Wh:le chidren’s recrea’ion orograms<br />
ad sports opoortunities are availab e -o<br />
aimost every cniid in tne Region, there are<br />
few facilities <strong>and</strong> programs meeting the<br />
needs <strong>of</strong> adult, elderly arc disabled users.<br />
The need for g’eater recreational<br />
opportunities for youth not interestea n<br />
traafonal sports leagues has also ceen<br />
identified.<br />
Access to recreation opportunities<br />
Udeveloped recreation a’eas_sieading<br />
hills, swimming hales, hunting <strong>and</strong>s,<br />
etc.—seNe important recreaTianal needs in<br />
almost every town in tne Region. Loss <strong>of</strong><br />
access to private <strong>and</strong>s is increasing due to<br />
:iabi;ity concerns <strong>and</strong> the reiuctance <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong>owners to
FOOD FOR<br />
THOUGHT<br />
Farm <strong>and</strong> forest l<strong>and</strong>s have a<br />
number <strong>of</strong> benefi:<br />
• Production <strong>of</strong> local food<br />
products significantly<br />
reduces transportation<br />
costs <strong>and</strong> consumption <strong>of</strong><br />
fuel;<br />
• As a l<strong>and</strong> use, agriculwre<br />
has a positive fiscal impact<br />
on the commtlnity’s tax<br />
base (ie. dem<strong>and</strong>s less<br />
services than it contributes<br />
in taxes);<br />
• Farming <strong>of</strong> certain crops is<br />
a positive use <strong>of</strong> floodplain<br />
areas;<br />
• Open tields. forests <strong>and</strong><br />
meadows are an imoorrant<br />
areas for groundwater<br />
recharge<br />
• Locally-owned <strong>and</strong><br />
o1rated businesses such as<br />
farms <strong>and</strong> wood<br />
‘nan titacru tets circulate<br />
local money in thc local<br />
economy;<br />
• Corn fields <strong>and</strong> other<br />
farml<strong>and</strong>s provide habitat<br />
for wild animals including<br />
deer, turkey <strong>and</strong> woodcock;<br />
• Forests provide habitat to a<br />
wide range <strong>of</strong> animals <strong>and</strong><br />
birds, including large<br />
animals such as moose,<br />
bear <strong>and</strong> large cats;<br />
• Active farml<strong>and</strong>s provide<br />
open space <strong>and</strong> scenic<br />
views as well as a l<strong>and</strong> use<br />
tradition characteristic <strong>of</strong><br />
rural <strong>Vermont</strong>; <strong>and</strong><br />
• Forests provide a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
outdoor recreation<br />
opportunities as well as a<br />
varied <strong>and</strong> scenic backdrop<br />
throughout the year.<br />
in the coming years. Financial incentives<br />
to seasonal employees may be an<br />
enticement. Elsewhere there are<br />
programs designed to recruit a pool <strong>of</strong><br />
workers interested in seasonal<br />
agriculture jobs.<br />
RRPC ACTIONS<br />
In addition to supporting activities <strong>and</strong><br />
developments that contribute to<br />
individual communities <strong>and</strong> the Region,<br />
<strong>and</strong> which help meet the needs identified<br />
in this chapter, the Rutl<strong>and</strong> Regional<br />
Planning Commission will strive to<br />
accomphsh the following actions in the<br />
coming years:<br />
Work with interested communities to<br />
better support the retention ana viability<br />
<strong>of</strong> agricultural <strong>and</strong>s through their l<strong>and</strong><br />
use plans <strong>and</strong> regulations. For<br />
example, use the “Is Your Town Farm<br />
Friendly” checklist to examine<br />
weaknesses in l<strong>and</strong> use plans <strong>and</strong><br />
regulations or language that may<br />
unintentionally inhibit farm enterprises.<br />
Work with area farmers <strong>and</strong> the Rutl<strong>and</strong><br />
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES<br />
Area Farm <strong>and</strong> Food Link to dentify<br />
gaps in infrastructure neeaed to increase<br />
supply <strong>of</strong> agricultural products produced<br />
in the Region.<br />
Work with local towns <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> trusts to<br />
examine the effects <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> conservation<br />
techniques <strong>and</strong> to devise ways <strong>of</strong><br />
countering unintended consequences<br />
such as escalating l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> housing<br />
costs.<br />
• Partner with other organizations to<br />
create a farm incubator in the Rutl<strong>and</strong><br />
Region to help new farmers get started in<br />
this Region.<br />
• Support partnerships with Natural<br />
Resource Agencies to plan far<br />
sustainable farming <strong>and</strong> forestry.<br />
• Where housing or other development an<br />
l<strong>and</strong>s suitable for agriculture <strong>and</strong> forestry<br />
is proposed, help shape l<strong>and</strong> use<br />
regulations <strong>and</strong> development review to<br />
encourage cluster housing to allow for<br />
the continuation <strong>of</strong> large tracts.<br />
• Work with<br />
Investment<br />
employment<br />
sectors.<br />
the Rutl<strong>and</strong> Workforce<br />
Board to address<br />
needs <strong>of</strong> farm <strong>and</strong> forestry<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the objectives <strong>of</strong> this Plan is to provide communities with the tools, <strong>and</strong> the frame<br />
work, for developing effective local plans <strong>and</strong> policies. This Plan should be used as a resource<br />
for communities preparing plan updates. In addition to the plan, however, a number <strong>of</strong> other<br />
resources are available:<br />
• US Census — (www.census.gov). This site contains the most commonly used housing <strong>and</strong><br />
demographic data across the country<br />
• 2002 us Census on Agriculture (www.census,gov). Contains the most widely used basic agri<br />
cultural data<br />
• <strong>Vermont</strong> Agency <strong>of</strong> Agriculture website (www.vermontagriculture.com)<br />
• Cornell Community Food arid Agriculture Program website (www.thp.org)<br />
• Food Routes website (www.foodroutes.org)<br />
• <strong>Vermont</strong> Fresh Network (www.vermontfresh.net)<br />
• Rutl<strong>and</strong> Area Farm <strong>and</strong> Food Link website (www.rutl<strong>and</strong>farm<strong>and</strong>food.org)<br />
• Poultney-Mettowee Natural Resource Conservation District (www.vacd.org/prnnrcd)<br />
• Rutl<strong>and</strong> Natural Resource Conservation District (www.vacd.orglrutl<strong>and</strong>l)<br />
•<strong>Vermont</strong> Forest Parks <strong>and</strong> Recreation Maple website (http:/Fwww.mapleinfo.orgl)<br />
•<strong>Vermont</strong> Division <strong>of</strong> Forestry website (http:llwww.vtfpr.arglhtrn/forestry.cfm)<br />
106 Adopted 4-15-08 Rutl<strong>and</strong> Regional Plan
FOOD FOR<br />
THOUGHT<br />
Efficiency <strong>Vermont</strong> is a<br />
statewide supplier <strong>of</strong> energy<br />
efficiency services, providing<br />
technical assistance <strong>and</strong><br />
financial incentives to<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> households <strong>and</strong><br />
businesses to use more energy<br />
efficient practices.<br />
Efficiency <strong>Vermont</strong> provides<br />
information <strong>and</strong> tools for<br />
households <strong>and</strong> businesses to<br />
reduce energy costs through<br />
energy-efficient equipment,<br />
lighting, <strong>and</strong> approaches to<br />
consti-uction <strong>and</strong> renovation.<br />
www. el ficiencermont.com<br />
1-888-92 1-5990<br />
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES<br />
l<strong>and</strong> use for the purpose <strong>of</strong> helping to<br />
contribute to the Region’s energy needs.<br />
Individual Energy Production<br />
Since 1998, the <strong>Vermont</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Service<br />
Board has issued “Certificates <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong><br />
Good for Interconnected Net Metered<br />
Power Systems,” permifting electrical utility<br />
customers in <strong>Vermont</strong> to generate their<br />
own power using small-scale renewable<br />
energy systems. In the “net metering”<br />
program, any excess power generated that<br />
is not used by the customer is fed bock to<br />
the utilities, <strong>and</strong> customers are credited on<br />
their next monthly bill.<br />
This program is also available to farmers<br />
who generate up to 150 kilawafts. This<br />
limit <strong>of</strong>fers an opportunity to farms to<br />
economically generate their own power<br />
<strong>and</strong> reduce dem<strong>and</strong> from utUities.<br />
RUTLAND RPC AcTioNs<br />
• Engage the public in a Region-wide<br />
discussion about energy needs <strong>and</strong> the<br />
benefits <strong>and</strong> drawback to energy<br />
production within the Rutl<strong>and</strong> Region.<br />
• Work with local planning commissions<br />
<strong>and</strong> communities to encourage the<br />
development <strong>of</strong> renewable sources <strong>of</strong><br />
energy <strong>and</strong> efficient building design in<br />
public <strong>and</strong> private projects.<br />
• Essablish crteria towns can use to<br />
review renewabie energy technology<br />
installations in their towns<br />
identify the most<br />
far wind power<br />
commercial scale<br />
develop incentives<br />
build compact<br />
• Help towns establish local energy<br />
coordinators working to reduce<br />
municipal energy use <strong>and</strong> encourage<br />
development <strong>of</strong> renewable energy<br />
• Encourage towns in Rutl<strong>and</strong> Region to<br />
take advantage <strong>of</strong> the State funds to<br />
establish biamass ca-generation<br />
facflities to provide heat <strong>and</strong> energy in<br />
local schools <strong>and</strong> other public facilities.<br />
• Hep educate <strong>and</strong> encourage local<br />
architects, engineers <strong>and</strong> developers<br />
about Green Building techniques <strong>and</strong><br />
LEED st<strong>and</strong>ards<br />
• Work with towns to deveiop clans <strong>and</strong><br />
regulations that coil for compact<br />
development<br />
• Provide information to individuals<br />
seeking to reduce their awn energy<br />
consumption <strong>and</strong> reliance an fossil<br />
fuels.<br />
• The <strong>Vermont</strong> Energy Digest: An lnvento <strong>of</strong> Renewable Energy <strong>and</strong> Efficiency (<strong>Vermont</strong> Council on Rural Devel<br />
opment. April 2007)<br />
• Strengthening <strong>Vermont</strong> s Energy Economy: Final Report <strong>and</strong> Recommendations <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Vermont</strong> Rural Energy<br />
Council (<strong>Vermont</strong> Council on Rural Development, August 2007)<br />
•<br />
• Work with towns to<br />
suitable locations<br />
production or other<br />
power generafian<br />
• Work with towns to<br />
for developers to<br />
development<br />
Guide to Municipal Energy Planning (<strong>Vermont</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Service. April 7993)<br />
<strong>Vermont</strong> Fuel for Schools: A Renewable Energy- Use Initiative (Biomass Energy Resource Center, Montpelier)<br />
132 Mopted 4-15-08 Rutl<strong>and</strong> Regional Plan
I<br />
Town <strong>of</strong> Fair Haven<br />
Zoning Districts<br />
Rural<br />
Industrial<br />
Fair Haven Village Area<br />
Legend<br />
Watershed (Qi Recreation Areas<br />
Lake Shore Rivers <strong>and</strong> Streams<br />
Residential Lakes <strong>and</strong> Ponds<br />
Floodplains Road Right-<strong>of</strong>-Way<br />
Mixed River<br />
-. Commercial<br />
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Purpose: To promote commercial activity in the form <strong>of</strong> retail stores, restaurants, pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
<strong>and</strong> business <strong>of</strong>fices. light industry, <strong>and</strong> other establishments as detailed in the Table <strong>of</strong> Uses.<br />
Development should be in keeping with the character <strong>of</strong> the neighborhood <strong>and</strong> promote ease<br />
<strong>of</strong> access between neighboring parcels <strong>and</strong> uses for vehicles <strong>and</strong> pedestrians.<br />
5. Industrial<br />
Purpose: To allow for light <strong>and</strong> heavy industry such as slate or stone works, machine shops,<br />
textile manufacture, laundry <strong>and</strong> dry cleaning plants or similar operations as described in the<br />
Table <strong>of</strong> Uses. These areas are separated from residential <strong>and</strong> natural areas to minimize use<br />
conflicts.<br />
6. Rural<br />
Purpose: To maintain a balance between ongoing agricultural practices. slate quarrying, low<br />
density residential settlement, commercial use <strong>and</strong> light industrial uses in the town. Any<br />
residential development in this district should consider the effects <strong>of</strong> permitted quarries in the<br />
area.<br />
7. Recreation A teas’<br />
There are five areas within the town borders which are set aside as public recreational areas.<br />
They are as follows:<br />
(a) A small area <strong>of</strong> airport property used as a barbecue picnic recreation area;<br />
(b) Louis Faryniarz Playground - the area east <strong>of</strong> the Grade School known as the<br />
“playground”;<br />
(c) The area at Fair Haven Union High School:<br />
(d) The area at the former “South School” on Academy Street<br />
(e) The area <strong>of</strong> the Fair Haven Green known as the Park.<br />
8. Watershed<br />
Purpose: To protect the Town’s water supply from contamination by prohibiting potentially<br />
threatening activities.<br />
9. Flood Hazard Area<br />
Purpose: To maintain the flood water carrying capacity <strong>of</strong> all flood-prone areas in the Town<br />
<strong>and</strong> to ensure that any structures or uses permitted within these areas ate properly protected<br />
I’rom flood hazards.<br />
Section 204- Interpretation <strong>of</strong> District Boundaries<br />
If uncertainty exists with respect to the boundary <strong>of</strong> any Zoning District on the Zoning Map.<br />
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