VGU Urban Development Planning Overview over Modules and ...

VGU Urban Development Planning 

Overview over Modules and Course Units Year One 

1.0 Foundations: comprehensive understanding of urban issues and bridging the gap 

between the following sector oriented modules. 

1.1. Contemporary planning and building in the south 

1.2. Excursion 

-2.1 Urban development theory: Issues of growth and governance of huge and medium 

sized cities in the South are analysed in the national, regional and global perspective. 

Different possible policy responses are being discussed. 

2.1.1 A&B Strategic urban planning 

2.1.2 Globalization 

2.1.2.A Urban Strategies towards Globalization 

2.1.2.B Urban planning for Mega Events 

-2.2 Urban management, governance & housing policies: Intra-urban and municipal 

administrative, management and affordability issues are being addressed. 

2.2.1 Decentralization & urban management 

2.2.2. Land Management 

2.2.3 Housing Policies 

2.2.4 Development theories and housing policies 

-2.3 Physical planning: introduction to rational and responsible urban design respecting 

ecological principles and contributing to a city’s international reputation. Basic design 

principles will be taught with special attention to course participants without a professional 

urban planning background. 

2.3.1. Principles of Urban Design 

2.3.3. Participatory Planning 

2.3.4. Urban heritage Preservation 

2.3.5. Slum Upgrading 

-2.4 Sustainable urban infrastructure & technology: 

familiarization with urban technologies appropriate for countries in the South, including a 

large variety of alternative technical solutions for sanitation, mobility, energy, communication 

and building construction demands – including many solutions not normally considered in 

conventional university curricula. Although these technologies will not be covered in full 

detail, the basic principles, advantages and limitations are being highlighted. 

2.4.1.Urban Infrastructure policies 

2.4.2.Mobility 

2.4.3. Energy and environmental policy 

2.4.4. Disaster Mitigation 

2.5- Conviviality and culture: A basic knowledge of urban sociology issues and a good 

consideration of cultural or religious context are being introduced as key factors for the 

success of urban intervention projects to be implemented in a particular region. 

2.5.1 Urban Sociology

2.5.1.A Socio-economic and cultural challenges 

2.5.1.B. Migration, segregation, minorities 

2.5. Urban Cultures 

2.5.4.A Cultural Identity and religion 

2.5.4.B Cultural Production of Space 

-2.6 International co-operation skills: donor imposed mmethodologies for project 

identification, appraisal, funding, supervision, evaluation of projects are not only an 

indispensable tool for acquisition and management of foreign funded projects but also a 

useful skill for dealing with institutional or commercial investors in urban development. 

Students of the course will obtain understanding and training in these methodologies. 

2.6.1. Project planning and evaluation methods 

2.6.2. Project funding 

2,6.2.A. Development aid and funding agencies / project formulation conventions 

2.6.2.B Project finance and flow of project funds 

-2,7 Academic skills: 

The necessary knowledge of methodological and formal requirements for successfully 

completing the master thesis – and possibly a subsequent PhD thesis - is being explained to 

those students not yet familiar with established research methodologies. 

2.7.1:A Research methods and thesis management 

2.7.2.B Field study methodology 

3.0 Urban Environmental Management (Year 2) 

Urban environmental planning, management, law and administration: ecological degradation 

and global climatic change have set a new and mandatory focus to urban development, 

which is being dealt with in all its multiple aspects.

Technical University Darmstadt www.urban-studies.de 

International 

Co-operation 

and Urban 

Development 

Course description 

Year One 

1 Course identification 

1.1 

2 Module 

1. Foundations 

3 Name of course Contemporary Urban Development in the South 

4 Course instructor Dirk Heinrichs, PhD, M.A. 

Harry Storch, Dr. habil 

5 Contents /syllabus This course provides an introduction to international 

urban development studies, focusing on Africa, Asia, 

and Latin America. It is based on the premise that, in 

general, urban planning and management practices 

in the developing countries (to be referred to in this 

course as “the South”) require an understanding and 

a set of skills that are different from parallel practices 

in Europe or other highly industrializing regions (to be 

referred to as “the North”). However, certain similar 

phenomena may be observed in countries that used 

to belong to the Soviet block. Although many urban 

planning practices in the South have originated in the 

North, the direct transfer of these innovations, 

insights, and techniques to the South has been less 

than satisfactory. It is now recognized that 

developing–country cities need and utilize their own 

theories, insights, and ‘appropriate’ technologies in 

the management of their cities and regions. 

Basic planning issues and problem areas, such as 

rapid urbanization, informal and low-Income housing, 

land management, land use planning, urban farming, 

urban ecology etc. are taken up at individual 

sessions, and the very recent professional or 

academic discourse in the field is being discussed. 

6 Learning outcomes At the end of the course, the student will be 

introduced to the current state of the arts in the field 

of urban planning issues in the South and be able to 

formulate an own standpoint towards technical or 

policy proposals that may come up in the professional

career in the urban arena. 

7 Instructional methods Weekly lectures highlighting the theoretical 

background to current urban issues which will be 

illustrated by case studies. Guest lectures will be 

invited to report on life projects. Students are 

expected to check on background reading and 

respond to the lecture contents spontaneously. In the 

written exercise he or she will demonstrate that the 

lecture topics have been understood. 

8 Course Form Lecture and exercise 

9 Mandatory / elective Mandatory 

10 Language English 

11 Key words Urban planning and management, housing, squatter 

settlements, slum upgrading, cultural identity, 

governance, Megacities 

12 Duration 2 Semesters 

13 Credits 2+1 ECTS per semester 

14 Examen 1 written examen (exercise) per semester 

15 Comments The lecture is public. The slide presentation of each 

lecture is available at the PAR department 

16 Recommended 

reading 

Abdullah, Pura. Asian Megacities: Basic Facts and Figures. 

UNDP/ Habitat/ World Bank, Urban Management Programme, 

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, May 1996. 

Bridge, Gary; Watson, Sophie (eds). 2000. A Companion to the 

City. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. 

Bridge, Gary; Watson, Sophie (eds). 2002. The Blackwell City 

Reader. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. 

Dogan, Mattei (ed.) (1988), The metropolis era, Mega-Cities, 

volume 2, Newbury Park, California, Sage Publisher 

Escap, Yokohama, Habitat. Physical Profile of Cities in the 

ESCAP Region: Background Report for the Regional Congress 

of Local Authorities for Development of Human Settlements in 

Asia and the Pacific. Yokohama, Japan, 9-16 June, 1982. 

Feldbauer, Peter, et al. (Eds.) 1997. Mega Cities. Brandes & 

Apsel, Frankfurt 

Feldbauer, Peter; Husa, Karl; Pilz, Erich; Stacher, Irene (eds) 

(1994) Mega-Cities, Die Metropolen des Südens zwischen 

Globalisierung und Fragmentierung, Historische Sozialkunde 

12, Wien, Brandes & Aspel, Südwind 

Gilbert, Alan (ed.) (1996) The Mega-city in Latin America, 

Tokyo, New York, Paris, United Nations university press 

Gilbert, Alan, 1994. The Latin American City. London: The Latin 

American Bureau. 

Gugler, Josef (ed.) (1996) The Urban Transformation of the 

Developing World, New York, Oxford University Press 

Gugler, Josef (ed.) (1997) Cities in the developing world, issues, 

theory, and policy, New York, Oxford University Press 

Gilbert, Alan (ed., 1996. The Mega City in Latin America. Toyo: 

UNU Press. 

Laguerre, Michel S. (2000), The global ethnopolis, Chinatown,

Japantown and Manilatown in American Society, London and 

others, Macmillan Press Ltd 

Le Gates, Richard T. ; Stout, Frederic. 2000. The City Reader, 

second edition. Routledge, London 

LeGates, Richard T. and Stout, Frederic (ed.) (1996), The city 

reader, 2 nd edition 2000, London and New York, Routledge 

LeGates, Richard,; Scott, Frederic (eds), 2000. The City Reader 

(Second Edition). London: Routhledge. 

Sassen, Saskia (1996) Metropolen des Weltmarkts: Die neue 

Rolle der Global Cities, Frankfurt Main, Campus Verlag 

UN-Habitat (2001). CIties in a Globalizing World. London: 

Earthscan 

17 Links World Bank Urban Development page: 

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTUR 

BANDEVELOPMENT/0,,menuPK:337184~pagePK:149018~piP 

K:149093~theSitePK:337178,00.html 

Further reading and links at www.interplan-alumni.net


International 

Co-operation 




Year One 


1.2 

2 Module 

3 

Foundations 

Name of course Excursion 

4 Course instructor VGU academic staff 

5 Contents /syllabus Intercultural studies in urban development cannot be 

seriously done in classroom only. The complex ‘real 

life’ interweaving of the different module themes of this 

study can be studied best in reality, which is the main 

purpose of the excursion which will lead to a city 

unknown to all class mates. A second objective of the 

tour is to consciously perceive particularities of a given 

city as compared to others – task which will be studied 

in small groups each of them composed both of 

students from different origin.. 

6 Learning outcomes The students will learn to look at new urban situation 

with the eyes of a foreigner and thus better perceive 

its particularities and cultural identity (‘genius loci’) 

7 Instructional methods Participant observation 

8 Course Form Excursion, 

Notes 



11 Key words Intercultural observation, site visit, excursion 

12 Duration 3-4 days & report 

13 Credits 2 ECTS 

14 Examen Written (report) 

15 Comments 


reading 

Dependent on the city to be visited 

1.5 Page 1


International 

Co-operation 





2.1.1-A 

2 Module 

3 

Urban Development 

Strategies 

Name of course Strategic Urban Planning 

4 Course instructor Prof. Julian Wékel (TUD, previously senate of Berlin) 

5 Contents /syllabus Urban development planning instruments have been 

constantly transformed over the last 50 years in order 

to cope with new contextual circumstances and 

technologies. Many of the methods – like 

comprehensive master plans - that have been 

emphasized in planning courses 10 years ago may be 

outdated today and inefficient in a context of rapid 

growing cities and an unpredictable future. 

This course introduces principles of strategic and 

discursive urban planning and decision-making in 

situations involving multiple objectives in the public, 

private and community realm. Processes and 

techniques for identifying and establishing community 

aspirations and priorities, and evaluating trade-offs, 

especially in the context of rapid urban growth and 

high demand for jobs, housing and infrastructure are 

analysed. The role of strategic planning in promoting 

and achieving local economic development will be , 

analysed. Environmental, economic and social 

frameworks for developing and evaluating plans are 

assessed and evaluated for their usefulness for 

achieving community and political support for strategic 

plans. Methods for implementing strategic plans, are 

examined. European and overseas case studies are 

compared and evaluated. 

The course is especially directed to planning 

2.1.1 Page 1

professions who after having concluded their 

professional education several years ago are 

envisaging new responsibilities in public and private 

planning offices 

6 Learning outcomes Participants will have 

• understood the tensions in multi-objective decisionmaking 

and in the management of trade-offs; 

• obtained knowledge of up-to date ‘process oriented’ 

planning instruments in land use and development 

control and know the relevant terminology. 

• Have learned principles of strategic planning 

processes in an urban setting and understand a 

range of implementation procedures 

• considered formal and informal means of influence 

by the various stakeholders. 

• be in a position to assess positive and negative 

criteria in relation to spatial urban development 

7 Instructional methods The course is conducted during one week of intensive 

lectures, student presentations, discussions and 

sketch design exercises. 

8 Course Form Seminar 



11 Key words Strategic planning, urban design, master plan, land 

use, win-win. PPP, participation, charette, 

development control 

12 Duration 1 week 


14 Examen Written (flowchart of a planning strategy) 

15 Comments 


reading 

Bertaud, Alain (2004) The Spatial Organisation of Cities, 

Deliberate Outcome or Unforeseen Consequence http://alainbertaud.com/images/AB_The_spatial_organization_of_cities_Ver 

sion_3.pdf 

Dell, Johannes; Speer, Albert, 2002. Anting New Town, 

Shanghai. Europäische Planungsprinzipien in Asiens Boomtown. 

TRIALOG 75, 17- 20. 

Greed, Clara, 2000. Introducing Planning. London: The Athlone 

PressJenks, Mike; Burgess, Rod (eds) (2000) Compact cities: 

sustainable urban forms for developing countries London and 

New York, Spon Press 

Lynch, Kevyn; Hack, Gary. Site Planning. Cambridge (Mass): MIT 

Press, 1984 

Prinz. Dieter. Städtebau II: Städtebauliches Gestalten. Stuttgart: 

2.1.1 Page 2

Kohalhammer Verlag 

UN-HABITAT, Promoting Local Economic Development through 

Strategic Planning, 2005 

UN-HABITAT, Tools to Support Participatory Urban Decision 

Making, 2001 

Loeckx A. Shannon K. and Tuts R.(eds); Urban Trialogues, UN- 

HABITAT Press, 2004 

2.1.1 Page 3


International 

Co-operation 




Year One 

1 Module 

2.1. 

Urban Development 

Strategies 


2.1.2-A 

3 Name of course Urban Strategies towards Globalization pressures 

4 Course instructor Rod Burgess, PhD., sen Lecturer, Oxford Brookes 

5 Contents /syllabus Globalization has affected the form and function of 

cities everywhere. New types of spaces have been 

created, historical forms have been obliterated, and 

there have been widely different effects on different 

groups, apparently increasing horizontal homogeneity 

while accentuating vertical division. Elements of the 

complex process have produced an apparent similarity 

of physical, social, and cultural patterns in cities 

around the world, yet individual cities retain unique 

characteristics. The course will examine concretely 

what characteristics of globalization affect cities, by 

what mechanisms they operate, and what results they 

produce. The course will explore how those results 

may be evaluated: what benefits or harms they 

produce, and for whom. It will conclude by looking at 

how those in the planning and design professions and 

in the policy arena can influence these results. 

6 Learning outcomes The students will better understand the impact of 

international socio-economic processes on urban 

development and be able to redefine his or her own 

professional role and opportunities in this context. 

7 Instructional methods The class will be run as a seminar, with a combination 

of lectures, class discussion, and student 

presentations. Time will be allocated in the final 

session for student presentations of specific case 

studies 


2.1.2 Page 1



11 Key words Globalization, city competition, the information city, 

investors’ criteria, development corridors, event cities, 

city marketing, segregation, 



14 Examen Oral: Short presentation of a theoretical hypothesis on 

the last day. 

15 Comments 


reading 

Beall, Jo, 2002. ‘Globalization and Social Exclusion in Cities: 

Framing the debate with Lessons from Africa and Asia’. 

Environment & Urbanization 14(1). 41-52. 

Betancour B., María Soledad; Stienen, Angela; Uran A., Omar, 

2001. Globalization. Cadenas Productivas & Redes de Acción 

Colectiva. Medellin: IPC / Bogoá: Tercer Mundo. 

Borja, Jordi; Castells, Manuel, 1997. Local and Global. 

Management of Cities in the Information Age. London: 

Earthscan/UNCHS. 

Douglas, Mike. 2002. ‘From Global Intercity Competition to Cooperation 

for Livable CIties and economic Resilience in Pacific 

Asia’. Environment & Urbanization 14(1). 53-68. 

Hall, Tim, 1998. Urban Geography. (Chapter 7: Transforming the 

image of the City). London. Routhldge. 

Hamm, Bernd, 1997. Gobalisierung, Stadtentwicklung 

Segregation. DISP 131. (www.disp-online.de) 

Hirst, Paul, and Grahame Thompson. 1996. Globalization in 

Question: The International Economy and the Possibilities of 

Governance. Cambridge, England: Polity Press. 

Knox, Paul; Taylor, Peter (eds), 1995. World Cities in a World 

System. Cambridge: University Press. 

Kuron, Irene, 2003. ‚Erfolgsstory City-Management: Imagegewinn 

für die Innenstadt’. Stadt und Raum 24 (April). 88-91. 

LeGates, Richard,; Scott, Frederic (eds), 2000. The City Reader 

(Second Edition). London: Routhledge. 

Marcuse, Peter, and Ronald van Kempen, eds. 

Globalizing Cities: Is There a New Spatial Order? 

Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. 

Marcuse, Peter, 2002. Depoliticizing Globalization: ‘From Neo- 

Marxism to the Network Society of Manuel Castells’. In:. Eade, 

John; Mele, Christoper (eds). Understanding the City. Oxford: 

Blackwell. 131-158. 

Mitlin, Diana, 2002. Sustaining Markets or sustaining poverty 

reduction? Environment & Urbanization 14(1). 173-178. 

Moser, Caroline, 1996. Confronting Crisis: A Summary of 

Household Responses to Poverty and Vulnerability in Four Poor 

Urban Communities. Environmentally Sustainable Development 

Studies and Monographs Series No. 7; Washington, D.C.: The 

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The 

2.1.2 Page 2

World Bank 

Pacione, Michael, 2001. Urban Geography – a global 

perspective. (Chapter 14. The Economy of Cities, P. 267). 

London: Routhledge. 

Robins, Nick, 2992. ‘Loot: in Search for the East India Company, 

the World’s first Transnational Company’. Environment & 

Urbanization 14(1). 79-88. 

Sassen, Saskia. 1991. Global Cities. Princeton University Press. 

Sassen, Sakia, 2002. ‘Locating Cities on global circuits’. 

Environment & Urbanization 14 (1). 13-30. 

Satterthwaite, David, 2002. Local Funds – and their Potential to 

Allow Donor Agencies to Support Community Development and 

Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas’. Environment & Urbanization 

14(1). 179-198. 

Sites, William. 1998-9. "Primitive Globalization? State and Locale 

in Neoliberal Global Engagement." Sociological Theory 

Soja, Edward W., 2000. Postmetropolis: Critical Studies of Cities 

and Regions, “Chapter 1: Putting Cities First,” Oxford: Blackwell 

Publishers, 

Tabb, William K. 1997. "Globalization is an Issue, the Power of 

Capital is the Issue." Monthly Review 49 (June): 20-34. 

UN- Habitat. Cities in a Globalizing World: Global Report on 

Human Settlements 2001. London; Sterling, VA: Earthscan 

Publications, 2001. 

Vliet, Willem van. 2002. Cities in a Globalizing World: from 

Engines of Growth to Agents of Change. Environment & 

Urbanization 14 (1).31-40 

2.1.2 Page 3


International 

Co-operation 




Year One 


2.1.2.B 

2 Module 2.3. 

Physical planning, 

urban design & ecology 

3 Name of course Urban planning for mega events & city marketing 

4 Course instructor Dr. Rod Burgess. sen Lecturer, Oxford Brookes 

Dr. Claire Colomb (Bartlett School of Planning, 

University College London) 

5 Contents /syllabus This course is intended to provide a critical introduction to 

urban marketing and planning for big events, leisure, 

recreation, and urban tourism in current and future society. 

Huge public-private investments in mega-events (Olympic 

Games), flagship projects and high-profile cultural 

amenities (museums) have been a key feature of 

contemporary urban policies in many big cities, with 

positive and negative impacts. Similarly, investments in 

tourist infrastructure are common in smaller towns and rural 

destinations – equally with uncertain and sometimes 

socially undesirable results. 

The emergence of urban marketing policies has been a 

consequence of the structural economic changes which 

have affected Western economies and cities since the 

1970s: de-industrialisation; growth of the service sector; 

globalisation of production, technology, capital, and cultural 

flows. These trends are perceived as the main causes of a 

new process of intense inter-city competition, which puts 

increasing pressures on individual city governments. As a 

response, city governments have increasingly turned their 

effort towards proactive strategies of local economic 

development aiming at capturing regional, national or global 

flows. In the American context, these local proactive 

policies have been labelled as the new 'urban 

entrepreneurialism' (Harvey, 1989), a term since widely 

applied to other contexts. 

The cities' governing elites are turning to new sources of 

wealth for their cities after the industrial age, implementing 

2.3.5 Page 1

consumption led-strategies of city promotion and marketing 

're-invented cities'. The concept of city/urban marketing is a 

concept borrowed from private sector theory and practice 

and was born in the United States in the 1970s. It then 

spread to the UK and other parts of the world. City 

marketing “entails the various ways in which public and 

private agencies - local authorities and local entrepreneurs, 

often working collaboratively - strive to ‘sell’ the image of a 

particular geographically-defined place, usually a town or 

city, so as to make it attractive to economic enterprises, to 

tourists and even to inhabitants of that place” (Kearns and 

Philo, 1993). 

The practices of urban marketing has been characterised 

by the emergence of a “specifically promotional policy 

repertoire” for cities (Ward, 1998: 1), made of logos, 

slogans, advertising, public relations exercises, subsidies, 

tax breaks, flagships development projects, trade fairs, 

large-scale cultural and sporting events, re-packaging of 

heritage building and display of public art… This course 

will investigate these practices. 

The course will consider: the historical development and 

theory of urban marketing, tourism and cultural planning; 

the practical implementation of strategies and instruments 

of urban marketing; economic, social, cultural impacts of 

mega-projects/events; and the role of ‚culture’ in urban 

development/regeneration strategies. A number of casestudies 

will be used to illustrate key developments in urban 

marketing, cultural planning and mega-event planning. 

Particular focus will be put on the role of planners in those 

strategies and processes: although decision-making on the 

investments is usually reserved at high political levels, the 

planning profession will eventually be responsible for redesigning 

and planning urban areas in the interest of the 

investment / event and can influence some of the spatial, 

social and environmental consequences. 

6 Learning outcomes Through this course, students will 

• Understand the function of tourism, theme sites and 

attractions, mega events in the contest of global 

economy; 

• Demonstrate a knowledge of the individual elements 

which, when combined, attract investments in cities; 

• Reflect about the role of ‘culture’ in urban development 

and regeneration (and the definitions of ‘culture’); 

• Gain a sound understanding of the different evaluation 

perspectives on the impacts of mega-events, flagship 

projects and related investments on cities and regions; 

• Distinguish between the positive and negative 

economic, environmental and socio-economic impacts 

of tourism activity on a tourist destination; 

• Explain the role of governments and other (non-state) 

actors in determining tourism, urban marketing and 

event policy and development; 

2.3.5 Page 2

• Recognise the importance of integrated urban 

planning and development and justify the role of the 

community in this process. 

7 Instructional methods Lectures, seminar discussions and Studio work 

8 Course Form Exercise 

9 Mandatory / elective Elective 


11 Key words City marketing, mega events, flagship projects, 

Olympic Games, heritage, arts, urban tourism, cultural 

tourism, ecotourism, local and regional economies, 

urban regeneration, globalization, local identity. 



14 Exam Written test 

15 Comments 


reading 

Ashworth, G. J. and Voogd, H.1990 Selling the City, London; 

New York: Belhaven Press. 

Ashworth, G. J. and Goodall, B. (eds) 1990 Marketing tourism 

places, London: Routledge. 

Ashworth, G. J., Voogd, H. and Pelternberg, P. 2004 Place 

Marketing: Marketing in the Planning and Management of Places, 

London: Routledge. 

Ave, G. and Corsico (eds) 1994 Urban marketing in Europe, 

Turin: Edizioni torino Incontra. 

Brotchie, J. and al., e. 1995 Cities in Competition, Melbourne: 

Longman Australia. 

Gold, J. R. and Ward, S. V. (eds) 1994 Place promotion, the use 

of publicity and marketing to sell towns and regions, Chichester: 

Wiley. 

Hall, T. and Hubbard, P. (eds) 1998 The Entrepreneurial City, 

Chichester: John Wiley. 

Harvey, D. 1989 'From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: the 

transformation in urban governance in late capitalism', 

Geografiska Annaler 71B. 

Häussermann, H. and Colomb, C. 2003, 'The New Berlin: 

marketing the city of dreams', in Hoffman, Lily M., Fainstein, 

Susan S. and Judd, Denis, R. (eds.), Cities and Visitors: 

Regulating people, markets and city space, Malden, MA; Oxford: 

Blackwell Publishing. 

Judd, D. R. and Fainstein, S. 1999 The tourist city, New Haven: 

Yale University Press. 

Kearns, G. and Philo, C. (eds) 1993 Selling Places: The City as 

Cultural Capital: Past and Future, Oxford: Pergamon Press. 

Kotler, P., Asplund, C., Rein, I. and Halder, D. 1999 Marketing 

Places Europe: how to attract investments, industries, residents 

and visitors to cities, communities, regions and nations in Europe, 

Harlow: Financial Times, Prentice Hall. 

Krantz, M. and Schaetzl, L. 1997 'Marketing the city', in C. 

Jensen-Butler and e. al. (eds) European Cities in competition, 

Aldershot: Avebury. 

Paddison, R. 1993 'City Marketing, Image-Reconstruction and 

Urban Regeneration', Urban Studies 30(2): 339-350. 

Roche, M. 2000 Mega-events, modernity, Olympics and expos in 

the growth of global culture, London: Routledge. 

Selby, M. 2004 Understanding urban tourism. Image, culture and 

2.3.5 Page 3

Links 

experience, London, NY: Tauris. 

Smyth, H. 1994 Marketing the City: The Role of Flagship 

Developments in Urban Regeneration, London: E & F Spon. 

van de Berg, L., Braun, E. and Otgaar, A. H. J. 2002 Sports 

and City Marketing in European Cities, Aldershot: Ashgate. 

Voogd, J. H. 1995 Selling the city: marketing approaches in 

public sector urban planning, Chichester: J. Wiley. 

Ward, S. 1998 Selling Places: The Marketing and Promotion of 

Towns and Cities 1950-2000, London: Spon Press. 

2.3.5 Page 4


International 

Co-operation 





2.2.1 

2 Module 2.2 

Urban management, 

governance & 

housing policies 

3 Name of course Decentralization and urban management 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Yves Cabannes, Development Planning 

Unit, University College London (formerly co-ordinator 

of the UN urban management office for Latin America) 

5 Contents /syllabus Urban management is an integrative, transdisciplinary 

field of practice using concepts and techniques 

necessary to deliver high order social outcomes in the 

face of rapid urbanisation and environmental 

challenges. Urban management draws on many 

disciplines including economics and finance, 

geography, government and political science, 

demography and statistics, property, law and 

sociology. It includes many professions including 

planning, urban and architectural design, landscape, 

engineering, land administration, property 

development and management, marketing and 

community planning. 

6 Learning outcomes Students will: 

This course addresses the interaction of the roles of 

the public and private sectors and communities in 

urban management, especially in less industrialized 

countries. Political frameworks, government 

institutions and structures, private sector and 

community roles and participation, decentralisation 

and the principle of subsidiarity are addressed. 

Transparency of public decision-making, accountability 

and probity are examined. The links with strategic 

urban planning, sustainable development principles 

and participatory decision-making in significant areas 

like land management, budgeting and investments in 

infrastructure are addressed. 

• Learn about the spread and continued growth of 

2.2.1 Page 1

decentralization of governments around the developing world, 

and what drives this process 

• understand the nature of systems of governance 

and the changing roles of the public and private 

sectors and the community; 

• be able to identify and analyse conflicts between 

public and private objectives in governance; and 

evaluate the appropriate roles of different levels of 

government, of the community and of the private 

sector in urban management. 

• Learn about the character and purpose of specific urban 

development analysis, planning, and management 

techniques, including situational analyses, normative 

analyses, structured participation, quantitative assessment, 

use of indicators of development, etc. 

• Approach municipal problem-solving holistically – with 

consideration of economic, political, spatial, environmental, 

moral, and institutional factors – all within a framework 

founded on deliberative participation, 

• Confront the array of dilemmas that under-resourced and/or 

institutionally weak municipalities face, and assess strategies 

adopted to deal with them, 

• Consider the appropriate relationship of "insiders" and 

"outsiders" in the urban development and governance 

process. 

7 Instructional methods Introductory lecture, game, literature discussion, group 

work, 




11 Key words Urban management, participatory budgeting, 

globalization, PPP, devolution, community 

development, taxes, credit, project finance, city 

consultation 



14 Examen Oral presentation 

15 Comments 


reading 

Anduiza, Eva and Sergi de Maya. ‘Indicadores para la Evaluación 

de la Calidad en la Participación’. Versión de borrador 2.1. 

Fundació J. Bofill, October 2004. 

Breshna, Zahra; 2004. Selbstverwaltung städtischer Quartiere als 

Planungsinstrument. Der Wiederaufbau des historischen 

Zentrums von Kabul. TRIALOG 81, 32-39. 

Cabannes, Yves; 2004, Participatory budgeting: a significant 

contribution to participatory democracy (Porto Alegre). 

Environment and Urbanization 16 (1), 27-47. 

Campbell, T.; Fuhr, H. (eds). 2004. Leadership and Innovation in 

Subnational Government. Washington: World Bank. 

2.2.1 Page 2

Cathy Cramer, Stefan Schmitz, 2004. "Die Welt will Stadt" - 

Entwicklungszusammenarbeit für das "Urbane Jahrtausend". Aus 

Politik und Zeitgeschichte (B 15-16/2004) 

Cavill, S. and M. Sohail. “Strengthening Accountability for Urban 

Services”. In Environment and Urbanization. Vol. 16, No. 1, (April, 

2004), pp. 155-170. 

Choc, Ondes de. Histoires de Communication participative pour 

le Changement Social. New York: Rockefeller Foundation, 2001. 

Cleaves, Peter S. 1980. “Implementation Amidst Scarcity and 

Apathy: Political Power and Policy Design”. In Politics and Policy 

Implementation in the Third World, Grindle, Merilee S. (ed), 

pp.281-303. 

Deva, N. Rakodi, C., 1993. Managing fast growing cities. Harlow: 

Longman. 

Devas, N. (2001). Does City Governance Matter for the Urban 

Poor? International Planning Studies, 6 (4), 393-408. 

Downloadable from: 

http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN/UNPA 

N019656.pdf 

Freidmann, John, 2001. The governance of city-regions in East 

and South-East ASIA. DISP 145. 4ff. 

Freire, Mila, Stren, Richard. 2001. The Challenge of Urban 

Government. The World Bank, Washington DC. 

Friedmann, John (2001). The Governance of City-Regions in East 

and South_East Asia. DISP 145, 4-9. 

Klitgaard, Robert; Ronald MacLean-Abaroa, and H. Lindsey 

Parris, 1999; Corrupt Cities: A Practical Guide to Cure and 

Prevention, by Oakland, Calif.: ICS Press. 

Mathéy, Kosta (2004). Factors affecting success or failure of 

community initiatives. Experiences from la Habana, Cuba. 

TRIALOG 81, S. 4-11 

Mennegat, Rualdo; 2002. Participatory democracy and 

sustainable development: integrated urban environmental 

management in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Environment and 

Urbanization 14 (2), 181-206. 

Mitlin, Diana and David Satterthwaite (ed). Empowering Squatter 

Citizen: Local Government, Civil Society and Urban Poverty 

Reduction. London and Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2004. 

Mitlin, Diana and John Thompson. “Participatory Approaches in 

Urban Areas: Strengthening Civil Society or Reinforcing the 

Status Quo?”. In Environment & Urbanization, Vol.7, No.1 (1995): 

248-250. London: IIED. Downloadable from: 

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/ 

Moser, Calroline O. “Approaches to Community Participation in 

Urban Development Programs in Third World Countries”. 

Washington, DC: Economic Development Institute, The World 

Bank. March 1989. Reprinted as “Community Participation in 

Urban Projects in the Third World”. In Progress and Planning. 

Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1989. 

Nici, Nelson and Susan Wright. “Participation and Power”. In 

Power and Participatory Development: Theory and Practice, 

edited by Nelson Nici and Susan Wright. London: Intermediate 

Publications, 1995. 

Rabinovich, Jonas. From Urban Management to Urban 

Governance Towards a Strategy for the New Millennium, 

2.2.1 Page 3

Urbancity, The World Bank, 

http://www.urbanicity.org/FullDoc.asp?ID=314 

Santos, Boaventura dos Sousa. Reinventar a Democracia, 

Lisboa, Gradiva, 1998. Also published in Spanish by Sequitur 

(1999). 

Satterthwaite, David et al. “Tools and Methods for Participatory 

Governance in Cities”. January 2005. Paper to be presented in 

the 6th Global Forum on Reinventing Government: Towards 

Participatory and Transparent Governance, 24-27 May 2005, 

Seoul, Republic of Korea, 

Schmitter, Philippe (2002), Participation in Governance 

Arrangements: Is there any Reason to Expect it will Achieve 

‚Sustainable and Innovative Policies in a Multilevel Context?, in; 

Jürgen R. Grote and Bernard Gbipi (eds), Participatory 

Governance, Political and Social Implications, Leske+Budrich, 

Opladen 

Steinberg, Florian;1991. People’s Participation and Self-Help in 

the Indonesian Kampong. In Mathéy, Kosta (ed.). Beyond Self- 

Help Housing. London: Mansell. 353-378. 

Stren, Richard, 2000, New Approaches to Urban Governance in 

Latin America, 

http://www.internationalbudget.org/cdrom/papers/systems/Particip 

atoryBudgets/IDRCEng.htm 

Stren, Richard; White, Rodney; Whitney, Joseph, 1992. Westview 

Press, Boulder 

UMP-Asia. Community Participation and Urban Sustainability. 

Habitat, Urban Management Programme, Regional Office for Asia 

and the Pacific. Paper No. 32, December 1996. 

UNCHS Global Campaign on Urban Governance. 

http://www.unchs.org/governance 

UNDP, The Urban Governance Initiative (TUGI). tugi@undp.org 

UNESCO ‚MOST’ Programme: Community Participation and 

Urban Governance. http://www.unesco.org/most/most2.htm; 

http://www.bestpractices.org 

Watkins Murphy, P.; Cuningham, J. 2003. Organizing for 

Community Controlled Development. London. Sage. 

World Bank, 2001, Urban Governance: How to Establish Poverty 

Reduction Strategies at the City Level through a Participatory 

Approach? Urban Development, 

http://www.worldbank.org/urban/poverty/participatory.html 

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International 

Co-operation 




Year One 


2.2.2 

2 Module 2.2 




3 Name of course Urban land management practices, 

land rights and legalization 

4 Course instructor Dr. Dirk Heinrichs, VGU 

5 Contents /syllabus By nature the availability of land is limited, and in 

rapidly growing cities land reserves are quickly 

exhausted. On the other hand, to satisfy housing and 

other urban needs, access to land is essential and 

thus fierce competition on this resource is 

unavoidable. Even in orthodox market economies 

some form of land regulation by the state is 

considered necessary. Taking the UN millennium 

development goals seriously, intervention in the land 

market is mandatory in order to fight poverty. 

In the developing world, large proportions of urban 

land have been spontaneously occupied and 

transformed into illegal subdivisions or squatter settlements, 

and legalization of this land is been considered 

a precondition to successful slum upgrading 

programmes in many countries. In most indigenous 

societies, land holding is collective and utilization 

rights are temporary depending on need and actual 

occupation of individual plots. Modernization and 

commodification of economic relations imply conflicts 

which are difficult to settle. 

The course will systematically address different forms 

and regional habits of land ownership and tenure, 

informal subdivisions, squatting, land legalization, 

cadastre, ‘addressing’ schemes, case studies, 

densification, gated communities and look at legal and 

2.2.2 Page 1

administrative aspects. Current changes in informal 

land delivery systems, security of tenure and policy 

responses in cities in developing countries will be 

discussed. Particular attention will be directed towards 

the interactions between actors involved. Examples 

from Latin America, South and South East Asian as 

well as Sub-Saharan African countries will be 

analysed. 

6 Learning outcomes The students of this course will be acquainted with 

basic knowledge of 

• traditional and modern form of land tenure 

• land regulation instruments and their practicability 

• land markets and associated finance mechanisms 

• upgrading and regularization schemes 

7 Instructional methods Introductory lecture, group work, case studies, 

individual presentations 




11 Key words Land titles, land management, land tenure; land 

economy; land rights; land policy; rural areas; urban 

areas; ecological aspects, squatting, land conflicts, 

legalization, reconciliation, land administration, rent, 

lease, land speculation, property market, loan sharks, 

cadastre geodata, GIS and GPS; impact monitoring, 



14 Examen Oral/written in form of individual presentation 

15 Comments 


reading 

Agarwal, B. 1994. A field of one’s own. Gender and land rights in 

South Asia. Cambridge University Press. 

Ameyibor, Steve et al., 2002. Football: The most important 

Triviality in Land Management? In. TRIALOG 74 (3). 37-39.Angel, 

Slomo et al. (eds) 1983. Land for Housing the Poor. Singapore: 

Select.Bruno, Eugen, 1983. Clandestinos – Illegaler 

Wohnungsbau in der Region Lissabon. In. Bruno, Eugen; Mathéy, 

Kosta, Körte, Arnold. Umgang mit städtischen Wohnquartieren 

unterer Einkommensgruppen in Entwicklungsländern. Darmstadt: 

FB Architektur THD. 191-215.Dunkerley, Harold / The World 

Bank, (ed.), 1983. Urban Land Policy – Issues and Opportunities. 

Oxford: Oxford University Press.Durand-Lasserve, Alain, 

Royston, Lauren (eds), 2002. Holding their Ground. Secure 

Tenure for the Urban Poor in Developing Countries. London: 

Earthscan. (KM/DF)Freire, Mila; Stren, Richard, 2001. Chapter 6: 

Land and Real Estate Markets. In: The Challenge of Urban 

Government. Washington DC: The World Bank Institute. Gilbert, 

Alan; Ward, Peter, 1985. Chapter 3: Access to land. Housing, the 

State and the Poor. Cambridge: University Press. 61-129.Haas, 

Jörg; Ruiz, Alexandra (eds.), 1994. Manejo del Suelo Urbano. 

Quito: GTZ/PGU.Khemro, Beng Hang Socheat, 2002. Land 

2.2.2 Page 2

Speculation in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 

deprives the Urban Poor from Adequate Housing. In. TRIALOG 

74 (3). 33-36.Kivell, Philip. 1993. Land and the City. London. 

Routhledge.Kreibich, Volker; Olima, Washington, (eds), 2002. 

Urban Land Management in Africa. Dortmund: Spring 

(University). Mattingly, Miachael. Urban Management in Land 

Markets. In. Devas, Nick; Rakodi, Carole, 1993. Managing Fast 

Growing Cities. Harlow: Longman. 102-131. Mc. Auslan, Patrick, 

1984. Urban Land and Shelter for the Poor. London: Earthscan. 

Mercado, Rodolfo; Uzin, Ricardo, 1996. Regularization of 

Spontaneous Settlements. Building Issues 8 (2). Lund: LCHS. 

Mertins, Günter, 2002. Informelle Siedlungsgebiete in 

Großstädten Lateinamerikas. In. TRIALOG 74 (3). 8- 

12.Oestereich, Jürgen, 2002. How to Allocate Land and Life 

Resources? On an Universal Right of Communal Control. In. 

TRIALOG 74 (3). 40-45.Payne, Geoffrey (ed.), 2002a. Land, 

Rights and Innovation. Improving Tenure Security for the Urban 

Poor. London: IDTG. Payne, Geoffrey, 2002b . Secure Tenure 

and Cities without Slums,. In. TRIALOG 74 (3). 4-7.Scholz , 

Wolfgang, 2002. Informal Land Management in Zanzibar, 

Tanzania, In. TRIALOG 74 (3). 20-25Wehrmann, Babette, 2002. 

Land Conflicts in the peri-urban Area of Accra, Ghana. In. 

TRIALOG 74 (3). 26-32. Wehrmann, Babette; Kenea, Haptamu; 

Lor, Cun Pau; Lupala, Manyachi; Nguyen, Anha; Hoang, Thi; 

San, Phyrum; Sayegh, Tchanturia, Lika; Yemidi, Mabel, 2002. 

Good Urban Land Management. In. TRIALOG 74 (3). 13-19 

Links UN-ESCAP Bibliography on Urban Land issues 

http://www.unescap.org/huset/m_land/sources2.htm 

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2.2.3 

2 Module 2.2 

3 




Name of course Housing for the poor: supply, tenure and finance 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Kosta Mathéy (TUD; ISPJAE) 

5 Contents /syllabus Housing probably is the most expensive item among 

the basic needs category: a fact that explains the 

chronic housing problem of the poor all over the 

‘developing’ world. Since the most obvious solution – 

to increase the income of the target group, which 

means to eradicate poverty – is not likely to happen in 

the foreseeable future, the classical approach to 

housing policies directed towards the poor are supply 

side interventions. In other words: to lessen the cost of 

housing. A number of approaches were introduced for 

this purpose – social housing, self-help housing 

programmes, low-cost housing, core housing, 

standard reduction, slum upgrading – just to mention a 

few. 

More recent advances concentrate on the demand 

side, which generally means to provide some kind of 

finance assistance to the target group, like loans or 

credits, partial subsidies, insurances etc. 

So far, none of both options could attain a massive 

impact – apart from a few exemptions under very 

specific circumstances. Therefore an increasing 

number of citizens a becomeíng homeless – like the 

Indian pavement dwellers (unless you name the street 

their home). 

With shrinking state budgets and less social 

commitment by the governments, housing policies and 

strategies for the poor become a polemic subject and 

a focal matter for negotiation between the 

2.2.3 Page 1

stakeholders involved. Architects and planners are 

invariably involved in this debate and need to have a 

broad understanding of the housing needs, the social 

and economic framework, the advantages and 

limitations of available strategies in order to be 

listened. This course module is intended to be an 

introduction to the current housing debate in the 

South, and to provide the participants with essential 

key arguments. Topics to be addressed include, 

among others: 

� Housing as a verb and as a noun 

� Facets of the housing problem, 

� Housing policies 

� Social and Mass Housing Approaches 

� Core and Low-Cost Housing, Alternative 

approaches 

� Self-Help Housing Strategies 

� Slum-and Squatter Settlements 

� High Rise Estates 

� Housing tenure, access, affordability and 

willingness to pay 

� Housing Finance / Micro Credits 

� Housing design 

� International ‘Best Practices’ schemes 

6 Learning outcomes At the conclusion of this course, students should be 

able to: 

• define housing and its typologies 

• discuss housing policy with knowledgeable 

arguments 

• explain affordable housing issues and various 

type of housing finance 

• comment on the connection between housing 

and community development 

• name at least 10 innovative low-cost housing 

projects in the South 

7 Instructional methods Introductory lecture, film screening, literature evaluation, 

individual presentations 




11 Key words Mass housing, core housing, housing co-operatives, selfhelp 

housing, slum upgrading, urban renewal, housing 

finance, micro credits, affordability, filtering down, 

gentrification, rents sharing, council housing 

12 Duration 2 weeks 


14 Examen Individual oral presentations 

15 Comments 

2.2.3 Page 2


reading 

Angel, Shlomo, 2000. Housing Policy Matters: A Global Analysis, 

New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

Brown, Warren, Kimberly Tilock, Nthenya Mule and Ezra 

Anyango. August 2002. The Enabling Environment for Housing 

Microfinance in Kenya. Washington, D. C.: World Bank. 

Brown, Warren and Angel Garcia. 15 November 2001. Micasa: 

Financing the Progressive Construction of Low-income Families: 

Homes at Mibanco [First Draft]. Washington, D. C.: World Bank 

Buckley, Robert, 1996, Housing Finance in Developing Countries, 

Houndsmills: McMillan Press, 

Cabannes, Yves. "From Community Development to Housing 

Finance: from Mutiroes to Casa Melhor in Fortaleza, Brazil". In 

Environment & Urbanization, Vol. 9 No. 1, (April 1997). London: 

IIED. Downloadable from: 

Cabannes, Yves. “Alternative Finance for Home Improvements in 

Brazil”. In Trialog, No. 47 (1995). 

Davis, J., S. Tankha, A. Ghosh, P. Martin, T. Samad, B. Zia, and 

G. Prunier. "Good Governance the Water and Sanitation Sector: 

Experience from South Asia." In Report to the Water and 

Sanitation Program. Section 2. 

Fiori, Jorge and Ronaldo Ramirez. “Notes on the Self-Help 

Housing Critique: Towards a Conceptual Framework for the 

Analysis of Self-Help Housing in Developing Countries”. In 

Beyond Self-Help Housing, edited by Kosta Mathéy. London and 

New York: Mansell; München: Profil-Verl, 1991, pp. 23-31 

Katsura, Harold and Clare Romanik. June 2002. Ensuring Access 

to Essential Services: Demand-side Housing Subsidies. Social 

Safety Net Primer Series. Washington, D. C.: World Bank 

Institute. 

Kim, Kyung–Hwan, 1997. “Housing Finance and Urban 

Infrastructure Finance,” Urban Studies 34 (No. 10), 1597–1620. 

(http://urban.nyu.edu/courses/p112237-urbstudies.pdf) 

Marcuse, Peter. “Why Conventional Self-help Projects Won’t 

Work”. In Beyond Self-Help Housing, edited by Kosta Mathéy. 

London and New York: Mansell; München: Profil-Verl, 1991, pp. 

15-21. 

Mathéy, Kosta (1990). Local Initiatives versus Socialist Planning. 

In: TRIALOG 23/24, Pp. 28-32. 

Mathéy, Kosta (1993). Selbsthilfestragien als Element der 

Wohnunsgpolitik in Entwicklungsländern. Reihe LADOK; Kassel, 

Gesamthochschul-Bibliothek 1993 

Mathéy, Kosta (1995). Participative Urban Planning. Alun-Alun in 

Bandung. In: Trialog 44: 34-39. 

Mathéy, Kosta (ed.). Beyond Self-Help Houses. London and New 

York: Mansell; München: Profil-Verl, 1991. 

Merrill, Sally and Alejandro Escobar. Forthcoming. Low Income 

Shelter Finance - State of the Practice in Housing Microfinance: 

A Guide to Practice. by Franck Daphnis and Bruce Ferguson 

(eds.). Forthcoming. 

Murphy, Denis. A Decent Place to Live: Urban poor in Asia. 

Habitat International Coalition- Asia: Asain Coalition for Housing 

Rights, 1990. 

Turner, John C. 1967. “Barriers and Channels for Housing 

Development in Modernizing Countries,” in Journal of the 

2.2.3 Page 3

American Institute of Planners 33:3, 167–181 

18 Links www.interplan-alumni.net 

Turner, John F.C. Housing by People: Towards Autonomy in 

Building Environments. London: Marion Boyars, 1976. 

Turner, Bertha (ed.). Building Community: A Third World Case 

Book. London: Habitat International Coalition, Building community 

Books, 1988. 

UNCHS (2003), The challenge of slums. London: Earthscan. 270. 

World Bank, 1993. Housing: Enabling Markets to Work, A World 

Bank Policy Paper, Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1–144. 

Amis, P. & P. Lloyd (eds). Housing Africa’s urban poor. 

Manchester University Press, Manchester. Introduction and Ch. 

1. 55p. 

Burgess, R. 1977. Self-help housing: A new imperialist strategy? 

A critique of the Turner school. Antipode, Vol. 9, No. 2. 

Burgess, R. 1992. Helping some to help themselves: Third World 

housing policies and development strategies. Mathéy, K. (ed.). 

Beyond self-help housing. Profil Verlag, München. 75-90. 15p. 

Clark, C. & D. Howard. 1999. Cities, capitalism and neoliberal 

regimes. Gwynne, R.N. & C. Kay (eds). Latin America 

transformed. Globalization and modernity. Arnold, London. Ch. 

12. 18p. 

Hesselberg, J. 1995. Urban poverty and shelter: an introduction. 

Norwegian Journal of Geography, Vol. 49. 151-160. 10p. 

Hesselberg, J. 1996. Shelter strategies and the urban poor. 

Forum for Development Studies, No. 2. 405-415. 11p. 

Moser, C.O.N. 1992. Women and self-help housing projects. A 

conceptual framework for analysis and policy-making. Mathéy, K. 

(ed.). Beyond self-help housing. Profil Verlag, München. 53-73. 

20p. 

Pugh, C. 2000. Sustainable cities in developing countries. 

Earthscan, London. Ch. 1, 2, 10. 80p. 

Smith, D.A. 1996. Third World Cities in global perspective. The 

political economy of uneven urbanization. Westview Press, 

Oxford. Ch. 1, 8. 34p. 

Turner, J.F.C. 1976. Housing by people. Marion Boyars, London. 

UNCHS. 1995. Shelter provision and employment generation. 

Nairobi. 

UNCHS. 2000. Strategies to combat homelessness. Nairobi. 

World Bank. 1993. Housing. Enabling markets to work. 

Washington, DC. 

Three journals are especially relevant for finding shelter-related 

articles: Environment and Urbanization; Third World Planning 

Review; Habitat International 

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2.2.4 

2 Module 2.2. 

Urban Policies 

3 Name of course Development theories and housing policies 

4 Course instructor Arq. Ronaldo Ramirez (Senior lecturer, DPU , 

University College London) 

5 Contents /syllabus The objective in this course is to examine the nature of 

city life and urban social issues in the South in the 

context of development theories. Historical 

experiences, theoretical explanations and case studies 

will be used as a base for a comparative view on 

today's urban problems and for perspectives for their 

potential solution. Special attention will be devoted on 

discussing issues of minorities, community formation; 

poverty, politics of urban renewal; cities' social and 

economic crises; standards of shelter, international 

comparisons, and the role of the planning professions 

within this spectrum. 

6 Learning outcomes Introduction to theories of urban development and 

planning implications in respect to Third World cities 

7 Instructional methods Combination of lectures and discussion, critical 

evaluation of case studies, group discussion activities, 

and decision making game. 




11 Key words Urban sociology, underdevelopment, modernization, 

Third World, social formation, class, ghetto, 

globalization, neo-liberalism, poverty alleviation, World 

Bank, community, urban development, planning, 

architecture. 



2.5.1 Page 1

14 Examen Written 

15 Comments 


reading 

Andersen, Hans Skifter, 2003. Urban Sores. On the Interaction 

between Segregation, Urban Decay and Deprived 

Neighbourhoods. Aldershot: Ashgate. 

17 Links 

Häußermann, Hartmut; Siebel, Walter, 2002. Die Mühen der 

Differenzierung. In: Löw, Martina. Differenzierungen des 

Städtischen. Opladen: Leske & Budrich, 29-68. 

Janoshka, Michael, 2002. Wohlstand hinter Mauern. Private 

Urbanisierungen in Buenes Aires. Wien: Verlag der 

österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 

Lipton, Michael, "Why Poor People Stay Poor: Urban Bias in 

World Development," pp. 40-51 in The Urbanization of the Third 

World, Josef Gugler, ed., 1st ed., 1988 

Marcuse, Peter. 1989. "'Dual City': A Muddy Metaphor for a 

Quartered City." International Journal of Urban and Regional 

Research 13(4): 697-708 

Mollenkopf, John H., and Manuel Castells, ed. 1991. Dual City: 

Restructuring New York. New York: Russell Sage Foundation 

O'Loughlin, John, and Jürgen Friedrichs. 1996. Social 

Polarization in Post-Industrial Metropolises. Berlin: Walter de 

Gruyter & Co 

Park, Robert; Burgess, Ernest; McKenzie, Roderick, 1925: The 

City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 

(Introduction reprinted in: Le Gates, 2000. 153-161). 

Rakodi, Carole; Lloyd-Jones, Tony (eds). 2002. Urban 

Lievelihoods – a People-Centred Approach to Reducing Poverty. 

London: Earthscan. 

Susser, Ida (ed.), 2002. The Castells Reader on Cities and Social 

Theory. Blackwell, Oxford 

Wirth, Louis. 1928 [reprinted 1956]. The Ghetto. Chicago: 

University of Chicago Press 

Millenium Development Goals: http://ddpext.worldbank.org/ext/MDG/home.do 

Dictionary of critical sociology 

http://www.public.iastate.edu/~rmazur/dictionary/a.html 

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2.3.1.A-B 

2 Module 2.3. 

3 


urban design 

& ecology 

Name of course Principles of urban design 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Michael Peterek, FH Frankfurt 

5 Contents /syllabus Urban design basically deals with the space in-between 

buildings, and especially with those parts that 

are common space for the public. It focuses on the 

relationship between people, the built environment and 

nature. If the purpose of environmental design is to 

improve the quality of life for its users, then the design 

must be sensitive to those who use it. This concept 

should hold true for design at every scale. 

This course will explore the role of public spaces in 

cities and their social uses: streets, boulevards, parks 

and squares. Theoretical standpoints will be briefly 

introduced and assessed by individual readings. 

Based on the visit in a nearby town (like Heidelberg or 

Frankfurt) we will critically examine the evolution of the 

movement corridors, open space and buildings of the 

urban landscape and their changing uses. Observation 

exercises will help in raising our understanding of how 

public environment serves, well or poorly, the varying 

needs of diverse users. We will evaluate the 

importance of city scale & townscape, skyline, land 

use, recreation and green areas, flora and fauna. 

Sketch designs or models will be produced in teams 

for one particular square or street. 

6 Learning outcomes At the end of the course, the student will be able to: 

• Assess spatial and social qualities of existing space 

between buildings, landscaping 

• Understand the role of public space and public life within the 

context of urban design theory. 

• Apply some skills in project planning, management and execution, 

2.3.1 Page 1

including problem identification and formulation, determination of 

research methods, selection of literature, teamwork, informationgathering 

by desk research and on- site observations, and 

information processing and presentation; 

• Express his or her own perceptions and vision of public open space 

and landscaping verbally and with simple graphic means 

7 Instructional methods Introductory lecture, case analysis, studio work. 

This course will combine lectures, discussions, and 

readings 

8 Course Form Excursion, exercise 



11 Key words Public and semi-public space, parks, street, 

townscape, defensible space, greenery, trees and 

shrubs, air quality., street furniture, ecology, 

privatisation of public space, urban design. 

12 Duration 1 week + 2 weekends 


14 Examen Written/graphic (sketch proposal) 

15 Comments 


reading 

Lynch, Kevin. Site Planning (Second Edition), The M.I.T. Press, 

Cambridge, Mass., 1971. 

Marlowe, Olwen C. Outdoor Design, A Handbook For The 

Architect and Planner, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 

1977. 

McHarg, I.L. 1992. Design with Nature. J. Wiley and Sons 

McHarg, Ian L. Design With Nature, Doubleday/National History 

Press, Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, New York, 

1969. 

Motloch, J.L. 1991. Introduction to Landscape Design. Van 

Nostrand Reinhold. 

Newman, Oscar. Design Guidelines for Creating Defensible 

Space, National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal 

Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, U.S. 

Department of Justice, 1976. 

Pardect, M; Power, G., 1997. Planning for Urban Quality, 

Routhledge 

Robinette, Gary O. Plants/People/and Environmental Quality, 

U.S.Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 

Washington, D.C., 1972. 

Rubenstein, Harvey M. A Guide to Site Planning and 

Environmental Planning. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 

1969. 

Rubenstein, Harvey M. A Guide to Site Planning and 

Environmental Planning. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 

1969. 

Rutledge, Albert J. Anatomy of A Park, McGraw-Hill, New York, 

1971. 

2.3.1 Page 2


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2.3.3. 

2 Module 2.3. 

3 


urban design 

& ecology 

Name of course Participatory planning and design methods, 

(social inter-) mediation 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Kosta Mathéy (TUD) 

5 Contents /syllabus Participatory decision making is generally considered 

the best guarantee for the sustainability of 

development projects in the South. Whereas direct 

benefits in terms initial cost reduction are not 

guaranteed, better identification of the target group 

with project outcomes and more careful maintenance 

can be expected in the long run. The qualitative value 

of projects results is likely to be higher. 

The course will present and discuss arguments for 

participation, analyse the ‘latter of citizen’s 

participation’ in a number of case studies, and 

introduce a catalogue of participation tools and 

methods. 

6 Learning outcomes Participants will learn to 

• Understand and value participatory processes 

in different urban planning instances 

• Be aware of risks of pseudo participatory 

procedures and arguments 

• Refer to a number of successful participatory 

‘best practice’ experiences 

• Select and apply the appropriate participatory 

methods from a ‘tool kit’ of participation 

instruments 

7 Instructional methods Lecture, literature review, game, field work, case 

studies, exercises 


2.3.3 Page 1



11 Key words Participation, self-help, community development, 

identification, upgrading, grass roots democracy, best 

practices 



14 Examen Written (elaboration on given scenario) 

15 Comments 


reading 

Abbott, John, 1996. Sharing the City. Community Participation in 

Urban Management. London. Earthscan. 

Arnstein, Sherry R. 1969. "A Ladder of Citizen Participation," 

Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 35, No. 4, July 

1969, pp. 216-224. (This landmark analysis, published as a 

"Ladder of Citizen Participation", has been reprinted more that 80 

times and has been translated into several foreign languages) 

Cooke, Bill and Uma Kothari (eds), 2001. Participation: The New 

Tyranny. Zed. London. 

Dienel, Peter, 1992. Die Planungszelle (3. Auflage). Opladen: 

Westdeutscher Verlag. 

Habitat International Coalition, 1997. Building the City with the 

People. Mexico DF: HIC. 

Hamdi, Nabeel; Goethert, Reinhard, 1997. Action Planning for 

CIties. Chichester: Wiley. 

Hickey, S. and G. Mohan (eds), 2004. Participation from Tyranny 

to Transformation? Zed, London. 

Jungk, Robert; Müller, Norbert. 1990. Zukunftswerkstätten. Berlin, 

Verlag Volk und Welt. 

Mitlin, Diana and John Thompson, 1995. “Participatory 

Approaches in Urban Areas: Strengthening Civil Society or 

Reinforcing the Status Quo?”. In Environment & Urbanization, 

Vol.7, No.1, 248-250. IIED: London: IIED. 

Moser, Caroline, 1989. “Approaches to Community Participation 

in Urban Development Programs in Third World Countries”.: 

Economic Development Institute, The World Bank, Washington, 

DC. 

Müller-Glodde, Ulrike (ed.), 1991. Where there is no 

Participation… Eschborn: GTZ. 

Nici, Nelson and Susan Wright, 1995. “Participation and Power”. 

In Power and Participatory Development: Theory and Practice, 

edited by Nelson Nici and Susan Wright. ITP, London.Okaley, 

Peter, 1991. “Understanding Participation”. In Projects with 

People, edited by Peter Oakley. ILO, Geneva 

Plummer, Janelle, 2000. Municipalities and Community 

Participation: A Sourcebook for Capacity Building. Earthscan, 

London 

Pretty, Jules et al., 1995. Participatory Learning for Action. 

London: IIED. 

R/UDAT Handbook. AIA Regional Urban Design Committee, 

1985. Check in libraries. A newer version may be available from 

American Institute of Architects, Washington,D.C. 

2.3.3 Page 2

Reitbergen-McCracken, Jennifer and Deepa Narayan, 1998. 

Participation and Social Assessment: Tools and Techniques. The 

World Bank, Washington, DC. 

(www.worldbank.org/poverty/impact/resources/toolkit.pdf) 

Rocheleau, Dianne and Rachel Slocum, 1995. ‘Participation in 

Context: Key Questions’. In Slocum et al (eds), Power, Process 

and Participation: Tools for Change. Intermediate Technology 

Publications, London. 

Sanoff, Henry, 1990. Participatory Design. Theory & Techniques. 

Raleigh (USA). 

Schönhut, Michael; Kieveleitz, Uwe. 1994. Participatory Learning 

Approaches. Roßdorf: TZ Verlag. 

Turner, Bertha (ed.), 1988.. Building Community: A Third World 

Case Book. Habitat International Coalition, Building Community 

Books, London: 

Turner, John, 1972. Freedom to Build. MacMillan, New York. 

UN-Habitat, 2001. Tools to Support Participatory Urban Decision 

Making. Urban Governance Toolkit Series. Nairobi, Kenya: 

Habitat. 

2.3.3 Page 3


International 

Co-operation 




Year One 


2.3.4. 

2 Module 2.3. 


urban design 

& ecology 

3 Name of course Urban heritage preservation 

and inner city revitalization 

4 Course instructor Prof. Cor Dijkgraaf from Urban Solutions, Rotterdam 

(formerly IHS Rotterdam) 

5 Contents /syllabus Historic urban centres often become abandoned by 

business people and more affluent residents. Buildings 

and whole neighourhoods fall into physical and social 

decay. Reasons may be manifold, but very oftenneglected 

building maintenance, expensive restoration 

costs and inadequate infrastructure play key roles. 

Mere architectural restoration of historical buildings – 

even if the money was available to pay for the works – 

will not necessarily bring back urban quality and life, or 

guarantee for subsequent regular maintenance. In 

order to achieve real revitalization of this areas, a 

comprehensive scheme, involving many administrative 

sectors and private stakeholders, must be well coordinated 

to gather resources from many partners. 

All over the world, well organized urban property 

owners are using state authority to create a new form 

of government to protect their interests in many 

derelict urban centres. With the power to impose taxes 

and provide collective services, proponents claim that 

business improvement districts (BIDs) effectively clean 

and secure outdoor public spaces. Even if this is often 

true, it is important to examine the proliferation of such 

publicly endowed and privately managed 

organizations and question the extent to which they 

contribute to the political, economic, social and spatial 

2.3.4 Page 1

fragmentation of the urban realm. Very often, long 

standing residents and small business people in these 

areas are forced out after successful commercial 

revitalization of those areas. 

To explore this complex topic, the participants of the 

course will analyse relevant theoretical readings, look 

at a German historic town centre, examine 

documented case studies from other countries and 

continents, and explore alternative development 

scenarios in a game. 

6 Learning outcomes On successful completion of this unit, students should 

be able to: 

• Explain and evaluate the definitions of and 

approaches to heritage, conservation, preservation 

and the 'heritage industry'; 

• Critically discuss the present and future role of well 

and badly maintained historic centres 

• Analyse and evaluate the degree of success or 

failure of examples within the 'heritage industry'; 

• Analyse the degree of success or failure of the 

application of conservation projects at particular 

sites; 

• Develop and appraise personal approaches to 

heritage preservation and inner city revitalization for 

future practice. 

7 Instructional methods Introductory lecture, literature analysis, site visit, game 

8 Course Form Seminar / excursion 



11 Key words Conservation, preservation, cultural heritage, inner 

city, historic centre, revitalization, gentrification, 

improvement district, privatisation of public space 



14 Examen Written (scenario) 

15 Comments 


reading 

Barnett, Jonathan. "How the Metropolis Split Apart." Chapter 5 in 

The Fractured Metropolis. Boulder, CO: Westview Press (Icon 

Editions), 

BID districts revitalize New York neighborhoods. American City 

& County (May 1998). 

Bremner, Lindsay, "Reinventing the Johannesburg Inner City." 

Cities, (2000): 187-302. 

Cooper-Marcus, Claire. "Design Guidelines: A Bridge between 

Research and Decision-Making". Center for Environmental 

Design Research, University of California Berkeley, October 

1985. 

Cybriwsky, Roman. "Changing Patterns of Urban Public Space: 

2.3.4 Page 2

Observations and Assessments from the Tokyo and New York 

Metropolitan Areas." Cities,16 (1999):223 - 231. 

Davison, Graeme and Chris McConville 1991. A Heritage 

Handbook, the Monash Public History Group, Allen & Unwin, 

North Sydney, 1991. 

Grossman, Karen Doyle. Connectors and Conduits: Reaching 

Competitive Markets from the Ground up. Washington DC: Aspen 

Institute, 2002, 

Harris, Jan , A handbook for researchers, New Zealand Historic 

Places Trust, Wellington, 1990. 

Hayden, Dolores, The power of place: urban landscapes as 

public history, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.,1995. 

Hewison, R., The Heritage Industry: Britain in a climate of decline, 

London: Methuen, 1987, 

Houston, Lawrence O., Jr. "BIDS: Business Improvement 

Districts." Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute and International 

Downtown Association, 1997, pp. 59-72. 

Hoyt, L. (2003). "Using a Policy Network Lens to Examine the 

Emergence, Success and Implications of Business Improvement 

District Organizations." In Draft. 

(http://www.urbanrevitalization.net) 

Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. 

New York: Vintage Books, 1961. 

James Stevens Curl, Encyclopaedia of architectural terms, 

Donhead, Shaftesbury, Dorset, 1997. 

Johnson, Donald Leslie & Donald Langmead, Makers of 20th 

century modern architecture: a bio-critical sourcebook, 

Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn., 1997. 

Kostof, Spiro, 1995. A history of architecture: settings and rituals, 

2nd ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 

Kruft, Hanno-Walter, 1994. A history of architectural theory: from 

Vitruvius to the Present, Zwemmer, London & 

Levy, Paul R. "Paying for the Public Life." Economic 

Development Quarterly, 15 (2001): 124 - 131. 

Levy, Paul. "Making Downtowns Competitive." Journal of the 

American Planning Association. 4 (2001): 16-19.* 

Lowenthal, David and Marcus Binney (eds.) 1981. Our past 

before us: why do we save it?, edited by David, T. Smith, London 

Lynch, Kevin. "A Walk around the Block." In City Sense and City 

Design: Writings and Projects of Kevin Lynch. Cambridge: MIT 

Press, 1980, pp. 185-204. 

Macdonald, Suasn (ed), 1996. Modern matters: principles and 

practice in conserving recent architecture, Donhead, Shaftesbury, 

McGill, David, 1997. Landmarks: notable historic buildings in New 

Zealand, Godwit, Auckland 

McLean, Gavin , 1992. Local history. a short guide to 

researching, writing and publishing a local history, Bridget 

Williams Books & Historical Branch, Dept. of Internal Affairs, 

Wellington 

Mitchell, Jerry. "Business Improvement Districts and the 'New' 

Revitalization of Downtown." Economic Development Quarterly. 

15 (2001): 115 - 123. 

Oliver, Paul (ed), 1997. Encyclopedia of the vernacular 

2.3.4 Page 3

architecture of the world, 3 vols. edited by Paul Oliver, Cambridge 

University Press, New York, 

Princeton Architectural Press, New York 

Ryan, Brent D. "Philadelphia's Center City District and the 

Privatization of the Public Sphere." Projections 1, Spring 2000, 

pp. 58-79. 

Segal, M. Bradley. "A New Generation of Downtown 

Management Organizations." In Urban Land, April 1998. 

Spinks, Charlotte. "A New Apartheid? Urban Spatiality, (fear of ) 

Crime, and Segregation in Cape Town, South Africa." London 

School of Economics and Political Science, (2001): 3 - 32. 

Tomlinson, "From Exclusion to Inclusion: Rethinking 

Johannesburg's Central City." Environment and Planning A, 31 

(1999): 1665-1678. 

Traub, James. "Can Associations of Businesses Be True 

Community-builders?" Responsive Community (1996) 29 -38. 

Turner, Robyne S. "The Politics of Design and Development in 

the PostModern Downtown." Journal of Urban Affairs, 24 (2002): 

533 - 548. 

Waxman, Andy. "Utilizing Economic Theories of Retail to 

Revitalize Inner-City Neighborhood Business Districts: The Case 

of Upham's Corner Main Streets." 

Wirth, Louis. "Urbanism as a Way of Life." American Journal of 

Sociology (July 1938): 1-24. 

Zielenbach, Sean. The Art of Revitalization. New York: Garland 

Publishing, 2000, 

Keating, Dennis; 1996, Norman Krumholz, and Philip Star. 

Lawrence, eds. Revitalizing Urban Neighborhoods. Kansas: 

University Press of Kansas, 1996, 

2.3.4 Page 4


International 

Co-operation 




Year One 


2.2.4. 

2 Module 2.2 




3 Name of course Slum and neighbourhood improvement 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Sudha Mohan, Mumbai University 

Prof. Dr. Kosta Mathéy (TUD) 

5 Contents /syllabus Between 30% and 70% percent of urban population in 

the South live in slums or informal settlements - 128 

million just in Latin America and the Caribbean. 

Shelter of this type mostly lacks adequate basic 

infrastructure and its residents are submitted to all 

sorts of deprivation and insecurity of land tenure. Just 

by the the sheer numbers, informal settlements are 

becoming a socially and politically explosive problem 

in cities of the developing world. In addition, criminal 

organisations involved with drugs and narcotics often 

have settled in defiance to the rule of law and city 

governance. 

The lack of comprehensive response from local 

governments has a direct impact on the overall quality 

of life in cities, threatening their viability and 

sustainability. The problem is complex. Over almost 30 

years Slum and Squatter upgrading projects and 

programmes have tried to address the problem of 

substandard housing in a comprehensive manner – 

some with better, other with worse results. The initially 

rather crude approach has been refined and today the 

programmes usually consist of a mix of physical, 

social, economic, legal and environmental 

improvements that are conceived and executed in 

partnership with citizens, community groups, 

businesses, and local authorities. In concrete terms, 

these improvements often focus on introducing or 

2.2.4 Page 1

improving basic service provision, mitigating 

environmental hazards, regularizing security of tenure, 

providing incentives for community management and 

maintenance, and improving access to health care and 

education. 

This course is designed to raise the participants’ 

understanding and knowledge about effective 

responses to the challenges of slum upgrading and 

land regularisation. It will cover policy, programme, 

management and project experience and design 

instruments required to tackle the problem diligently. 

6 Learning outcomes Having concluded the module, students shall have 

gained a basic knowledge on: 

� typical problems occurring in slum and squattersettlements 

� scope of possible interventions for improvement 

� individual elements of a slum- or neighbourhood 

improvement programme 

� execution aspects of upgrading projects 

� good practice reference projects in the South 

7 Instructional methods Introductory lectures, case studies, game, group 

presentations 




11 Key words Upgrading, slum clearence, squatter settlements, 

improvement, gentrification, participation, best practice 

schemes, community development, neighourhood, 

identity, mutirao, rehabilitation, redevelopment, 

leadership 



14 Examen Oral by individual workshop contribution 

15 Comments 


reading 

Angel, Shlomo. 1983. “Upgrading Slum Infrastructure: Divergent 

Objectives in Search of a Consensus,” Third World Planning 

Review 5 (No. 1, February): 5–22. 

Bakhteari, Quaratul Ain, 1987, Basisorganisationen in Baldia, 

Karachi. Anmerkungen zu ihrer Rolle bei der Slumsanierung. In: 

TRIALOG 13/14, S. 75ff 

Bapat, Meera, 1987. Inherent Limitations of the Scheme for 

Environmental Improvement of Slums in India. In: TRIALOG 

13/24, S. 52-56. 

Bu ranasiri and Tanphiphat (1984): Thailand.: Slum upgradation 

and rehabilitation. In "Improvement of slums and squatter 

settlements. Infrastructure and Services" by ESCAP/UNCHS 

Joint Section on Human Settlements (1984), Bangkok 

(ST/ESCAP/302). 

2.2.4 Page 2

Durand-Lasserve, Alain. May 2002. Secure Tenure for the Urban 

Poor [Draft]. Prepared for the Cities Alliance Conference on 

Secure Tenure for the Urban Poor 23 May 2002. Washington, D. 

C.: World Bank. 

Duyar-Kienast, Umut, 2005. The Formation of Gecekondu 

Settlements in Turkey. The Case of Ankara. Lit., Münster 

Imparato, Ivo, Ruster, Jeff, 2003. Slum Upgrading and 

Participation. The World Bank, Washington. 

Kessides, Christine, 1997. World Bank Experience with the 

Provision of Infrastructure Services for the Urban Poor: 

Preliminary Identification and Review of Best Practices. Informal 

Publication by the World Bank. Washington, D.C. January, 

(pages to be determined) 

Marie Huchzermeyer, 2004. Unlawful Occupation. Informal 

Settlements and Urban Policy in South Africa and Brazil, Africa 

World Press, Trenton 

Norwood, Hugh, “People’s Participation in Urban Settlement 

Upgrading: Three Experiences in Papua New Guinea,” in Swan, 

Peter J., ed. The Practice of People’s Participation: Seven Asian 

Experiences in Housing the Poor, Bangkok: Asian Institute of 

Technology, 89–128. 

Schlyter, Ann, 1987. Commercialization of Housing in Upgrading 

Squatter Areas. The Case of George, Lusaka, Zambia. In 

TRIALOG 13/14, S. 24-29. 

Skinner, Reinhard et al (Ed), 1987, Slum-Upgrading for the Urban 

Poor, Island Press, Metro Manila. 

Steinberg, Florian; Mathéy, Kosta, 1987. Upgrading: The Proof of 

the Pudding is in the Eating. In TRIALOG 13/14. S. 4-6 

UNCHS and World Bank. July 1999 Cities Without Slums: Action 

Plan for Moving Slum Upgrading to Scale. Washington, D. C.: 

Cities Alliance. 

UNCHS, 1984, Upgrading of Inner City Slums, UN-HABITAT, 

Nairobi 

World Bank. 29 June 1995. Indonesia Impact Evaluation Report 

Enhancing the Quality of Life in Urban Indonesia: The Legacy of 

Kampung Improvement Program. Washington, D. C.: World 

Bank. 

17 Links Cities Alliance Shelter Finance 

http://www.citiesalliance.org/citiesalliancehomepage.nsf 

MIT's Urban Upgrading http://web.mit.edu/urbanupgrading/ 

Shelter Associates http://www.shelter-associates.org 

Gujarat Mahila Housing Self Employed Women's Association 

Trust http://www.sewahousing.org/ 

Macro International Demographic and Health Surveys 

http://www.measuredhs.com 

National Community Reinvestment Coalition 

http://www.ncrc.org/ 

Slumdwellers/Shackdwellers International http://www.sdinet.org/ 

World Bank Condominial Water and Sewerage Systems: Lower 

Cost with Greater Benefit 

http://www.wsp.org/condominial/indexeng.html 

World Bank Upgrading Urban Communities 

http://www.worldbank.org/urban/urb_pov/up_body.htm 

2.2.4 Page 3

UNCRD Bibliography on slums 

http://www.virtualref.com/uncrd/_sub/s76.htm 

2.2.4 Page 4


International 

Co-operation 





2.4.1 

2 Module 2.4 

Sustainable urban 

infrastructure & 

technology 

3 Name of course Sustainable urban sanitation planning 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Govind Gopakumar (university of 

Toronto) 

Prof.Dr. Marion Martienssen. (B.T.U) 

5 Contents /syllabus A wholesome water supply and good sanitation are 

essential for a decent life. Poor sanitation is not only a 

significant cause of poor water quality but also of 

many water-related diseases from which millions in the 

poorer developing countries suffer. The introduction of 

appropriate excreta and waste disposal / treatment 

which reduces the incidence of disease, is therefore 

vital in these countries. In many cases, low-cost 

options can be combined with renewable energy 

production – especially in the ruaral an semi-urban 

setting. 

However, most countries in the South have adopted 

sanitation infrastructure standards which are highly 

incompatible with local cultures, ecological principles, 

public economic resources and the prevailing climate. 

This module explores low-cost and appropriate 

technical alternatives to conventional method of 

sanitation infrastructure and services in developing 

country situations. 

The course covers: 

• Health and hygiene in developing countries; 

• On-site excreta disposal systems: production of 

biogas and compost 

• low-cost sewerage, shallow sever systems, 

Urban drainage. 

2.4.1 Page 1

• Solid waste management. 

• Wastewater treatment:. Unconventional 

systems, waste stabilisation ponds, reed beds, 

Imhoff tanks 

These aspects will be examined in both urban and 

non-urban settings, whereby special attention will be 

put on integrated solutions 

6 Learning outcomes After completion of the module, students will be 

familiar with a number of alternative and low-cost 

solutions to urban sanitation infrastructure. They will, 

therefore, be able to discuss these options with civil 

engineers, developers, residents, and other 

stakeholders in the course of project formulation in 

countries of the South. 

7 Instructional methods Introductory lecture, literature analysis, case studies, 

group discussion 




11 Key words Sanitation, water, sewage, solid waste, drainage, lowcost, 

Imhoff tanks, latrines, biogas 



14 Examen Written test 

15 Comments 


reading 

Arthur, J.P. 1983. Notes on the Design and Operation of Waste 

Stabilization Ponds in Warm Climates of Developing Countries. 

Washington DC: the World Bank. 

Baumann, Werner; Karpe, Hans-Jürgen. Wastewater Treatment 

and Excreta Disposal in Developing Countries. Eschborn: 

Gate/GTZ. 167 S. 

Choguill, Charles; Cotton, Andrew; Franceys, Richard, 1993. 

Planning for Water and Sanitation. A report prepared for ODA. 

Sheffield: University, Centre for Development Studies, 28 S. 

Cotton, Andrew; Franceys, Richard, 1991. Services for Shelter. 

Infrastructure for Urban Low-Income Housing. Liverpool: 

University Press. 

Coura Cuentro, Stenio de; Malla Gadji, Dji, 1990. The Collection 

and Management of Household Garbage. In: Hardoy, Jorge; 

Cairncross, Sandy; Satterthwaite, David. The Poor die Young. 

London: Earthscan. P. 169-188. 

Deponiegastechnik in feucht-tropischen Ländern. Eschborn: GTZ. 

Ca 100 S. 

Duncan, Mara, D. Low cost urban sanitation (1996), New York : 

John Wiley 

Feachem, Richard; Bradley, David; Garelick, Hemda; Mara, 

Duncan (1983): Sanitation and Disease. Health Aspects of 

Excreta and Wastewater Management. A World Bank Publication. 

Chichester: Wiley. 

2.4.1 Page 2

Furedy, Christine, 1990: Social Aspects of Solid Waste Recovery 

in Asian Cities. Environmental Sanitation Reviews No 30, 

Bangkok: AIT. 2-52. 

Furedy, Christine, 1991. Appropriate Technology for Urban 

Wastes in Asia. Trialog 28. 34-37. 

Furedy, Christine, 1992: Garbage: Exploring non-conventional 

options in Asian Cities. Envirionment and Urbanization 4 (2), 42- 

62 

Gate (Hrsg.), 1993. Solid Waste Management. Questions 

Answers Information No 1/93. Eschborn: GTZ. 

Gunnerson, Charles; Kalbermatten, John (eds), Appropriate 

Technology in Water Supply and Waste Disposal.. New York, 

N.Y.: American Society of Engineers., P. 1-31 

Heberling, Gerolf; Herz, Raimund; Maikibi, Mamoudou, 1985. 

Drainage Urbain au Sahel. Arbeitsbericht. Karlsruhe: Institut für 

Städtebau und Landesplanung 

Heuvel, Kick van den, 1981. Wood and Bamboo for Rural Water 

Supply. Delft: University Press. 

Kalbermatten, John; Julius, DeAnne; Gunnerson, Charles, 1980. 

Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Sanitation. A 

Sanitation Field Manual. Washington DC: The World Bank. 86 S. 

Kaltwasser, Bernd, 1990. Kostensparende Abfallentsorgung in 

Entwicklungsländern. Vergleich zweier Pilotprojekte in der 

Republik Jemen. TRIALOG 27. 22-29. 

Kaltwasser, Bernd; Falck, Edward; Greupner, Peter, 1982. 

Dezentrale Abwassersystem in mittleren Städten in 

Entwicklungsländern. Möglichkeiten zur Kostensenkung und 

Nutzung Angepaßter Technologien. München: Weltforum. 318 S. 

Kaltwasser, Bernd; Merks, Holger, 1988. Practical Means of 

Improving Public Water Taps in Developing Countries. Bonn: 

BMZ. ca 180 S. 

Kerr, Charles (ed.), 1990. Community Health and Sanitation. 

London: ITDG., 317 S. 

Kirke, J.; Arthur, J., 1984. Water Supply Issues. In: Richards, P.J.; 

Thomson, A.M. (eds.). Basic Needs and the Urban Poor. London: 

Croom Helm. 123-152. 

Kuchenbuch, Ludolf, 1990. "Abfall" – Geschichte eines Stichworts. 

TRIALOG 27. 42-47 

LOUCKS D.P. & GRADWELL J. (eds) SUSTAINABILITY 

CRITERIA FOR WATER RESOURCE SYSTEMS, Cambridge 

University Press 1999 

Lynch, Kevin, 1990. Fantasies of Waste. In: Banerjee, Tridib; 

Southworth, Michael (eds), City Sense and City Design. The 

Writings of Kevin Lynch. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 834-840. 

Pacheco, Magarita, 1992. Recycling in Bogotá: Developing a 

Culture for Urban Sustainability. Environment and Urbanization 4 

(2). 74-79. 

Parkinson, J., and K. Tayler. "Decentralized Wastewater 

Management in Peri-Urban Areas in Low-Income Countries." 

Environment and Urbanization 15, no. 1 (2003): 75-89. 

PICKFORD, J. LOW COST SANITATION: A SURVEY OF 

PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE Intermediate Technology 

Publications 1995 

Pickford, J., 1984. Human Waste Disposal in Urban Areas. In: 

Richards, P.J.; Thomson, A.M. (eds.). Basic Needs and the Urban 

2.4.1 Page 3

Poor. London: Croom Helm. 153-188. 

REED, R.A. SUSTAINABLE SEWERAGE: GUIDELINES FOR 

COMMUNITY SCHEMES, Intermediate Technology Publications 

1995 

Rettenberger, G., 1992. Handbuch Deponiegastechnik in feuchttropischen 

Ländern. Eschborn: GTZ. Ca 100 S. 

Sinnatamby, Gehan, 1990. Low Cost Sanitation. In: Hardoy, 

Jorge; Cairncross, Sandy; Satterthwaite, David. The Poor die 

Young. London: Earthscan. P. 127-157. 

Solid Waste Management for Metropolitan Development. Special 

Issue of Regional Development Dialogue, 10 (3), 1990 

Stiftung Entwicklung und Frieden, 1991a: Ressourcen: Wasser 

und Boden. In: S.E.F., Globale Trends. Daten zur Entwicklung 

1991. Bonn/Düsseldorf: Stiftung Entwicklung und Frieden. 229- 

244. 

UNCHS, 1986. The Design of Shallow Sewer Systems. Nairobi: 

UNCHS. 87 S. 

Wehenpol, Günther, 1990. Abfallbeseitigung in Marginalsiedlungen 

von Entwicklungsländern. TRIALOG 27. 30-35. 

WHO, 1991. Surface Water Drainage for Low-Income 

Communities. Genf: World Health Organization. 88S. 

World Bank. "Infrastructure: Achievements, challenges, and 

opportunities." In World Development Report 1994: Infrastructure 

for Development. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1994, pp. 

13-22. 

17 Links Infrastructure at the World Bank: 

http://www.worldbank.org/infrastructure/ 

International Museum of Toilets 

http://www.sulabhtoiletmuseum.org/profile.htm 

2.4.1 Page 4


International 

Co-operation 




Year One 


2.4.2 

2 Module 2.4. 



technology 

3 Name of course Appropriate Urban Mobility Approaches 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Ali Huzayyin, Cairo University 

5 Contents /syllabus Recent changes in professional wisdom have led to 

renewed conceptions in ‘mobility’ planning. Growng 

concerns about clean air, economic development, 

congestion management, transportation control 

measures and changing urban form have greatly 

increased the importance of well planned 

transportation facilities and policies. Since the quality 

and vitality of the urban environment relate directly to 

the nature of its transportation facilities, few other uran 

issues are so long-term in impact or so controversial in 

solution. 

This short course will highlight new directions in the 

urban transportation planning process for cities in the 

South, discuss its relationship to transportation 

facilities development, treat specific techniques of 

analysis and evaluation for urban transportation 

planning, and discuss possible means of achieving 

project and societal objectives. This short course will 

include workshop sessions and will introduce 

participants to number of forward looking case studies, 

like the Metrobus system in Curitiba, Brasil or the 

Transmilenio in Bogotà, Colombia. Other best practice 

case studies will illustrate approaches of sustainable 

transportation systems which may be characterized, 

for example, by their aim to reduce emissions, fossil 

fuel consumption, the consumption of agricultural land, 

park land and wildlife habitat. Most fundamentally, this 

means an emphasis on departing from the idea of the 

2.4.2 Page 1

private automobile as the prime mode of transportation 

and shifting travel toward other sustainable modes 

such as public transit cycling and walking. 

Transportation infrastructure has a strong impact on 

urban land use patterns, and congestion, both of 

which result in profound environmental impacts. 

Hence, advances in the transportation planning 

process and in the efficiency of transportation systems 

are key components of the development of sustainable 

transportation infrastructure 

6 Learning outcomes As a result of the program, the participants are 

expected to intelligently contribute to efforts of local 

governments by improving policies, measures, 

techniques, and/or management for quality 

transportation services in cities of their countries. 

7 Instructional methods Introductory lectures, identification of problems/issues 

in the participants home countries, literature review, 

group discussions, presentation of case studies by the 

students, concluding simulation game 




11 Key words Mobility needs assessment, transport policy and 

planning, public vs. private solutions, privatization 

schemes, road safety etc. 



14 Examen Written test, oral presentation 


reading 

Almqvuist, Sverker; Hyden, Christer, 1994. Methods for 

Assessing Traffic Safety in Developing Countries. Lund: LCHS 

Arbeitskreis ‘Beteiligungsverfahren’, 1998. Kooperative 

Beteiligungsverfahren in der kommunalen Stadtplanung. 

Anregungen zum Tätigwerden. Berlin: SRL. 

Armstrong-Wright, Alan, 1993. Public Transport in Third World 

Cities. London: HMSO Publications Centre. 

Armstrong-Wrigt, Alan, 1993. Public Transport in Third World 

Cities. London: HSMO. 

BMBau, 1992. Städtebauliche Auswirkungen: 

Forschungsvorhaben ‚Flächenhafte Verkehrsberuhigung’. Bonn. 

Bundesministerium für Raumordnung, Bauwesen und Städtebau. 

Bode, Peter M.; Hamberger, Sylvia; Zängl, Wolfgang, 1991. 

Alptraum Auto. Eine hundertjährige Erfindung und ihre Folgen. 

München: Raben Verlag. 240 S. 

Boyer, Kenneth D.. Principles of Transportation Economics. 

Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., Reading, Mass., 1997, 

2.4.2 Page 2

Boyer, Kenneth D.. Principles of Transportation Economics. 

Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., Reading, Mass., 1997, Ch. 14, 

pp. 375–397 

Bruno, Eugen; Müller, Peter, 1984. Verkehrsberuhigung in 

Hessen. Beispiele, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen. Wiesbaden. 

Hessischer Minister für Wirtschaft und Verkehr. 

Bundesministerium für Raumordnung, 1992. Flächenhafte 

Verkehrsberuhigung - Städtebauliche Auswirkungen. Bonn: BM 

Bau. 162 S. 

Bundesministerium für Raumordnung, 1992. Flächenhafte 

Verkehrsberuhigung - Folgerungen für die Praxis. Bonn: BM Bau. 

139 S. 

Elkin, Tim; McLaren, Duncan, 1991. Reviving the City. London: 

Friends of the Earth. Kapitel "Transport" 49-82. 

Faiz, Asif, 1992. Motor Vehicle Emissions in Developing 

Countries: Relative Implications for Urban Air Quality. In: Kreimer, 

Alcira; Munasinghe, Mohan (eds), 1992, Environmental 

Management and Urban Vulnerability. World Bank Discussion 

Paper 168. Washington, DC: The World Bank. 175-186. 

Freud, Peter; Martin, George, 1993. The Ecology of the 

Automobile. London: Black Rose. 

Gómez-Ibañez, Jose; William B. Tye, and Clifford Winston, 

editors, Essays in Transportation Economics and Policy, pages 

359–402. Brookings Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 199 

GTZ, 1992. Verkehrsnot auf den Pisten. Zeitschrift für Technische 

Zusammenarbeit 5/92. Eschborn: GTZ. 

Heierli, Urs, 1993. Environmental Limits to Motorization. Nonmotorized 

Transport in Developed and Developing Countries. St. 

Gallen: Skat. 

Holzapfel, Helmut, 1990. Stadt und Verkehr der Zukunft. In: 

Sieverts, Thomas (Hrsg.). Zukunftsaufgaben der Stadtplanung. 

Düsseldorf: Werner-Verlag. S. 103-132. 

Koenigs, Tom; Schaefer, Roland (Hg.), 1990. Fortschirtt vom 

Auto. München: Raben Verlag. 

Koenigs, Tom; Schaeffer, Roland (Hrsg.), 1991. Fortschritt vom 

Auto?. Umwelt und Verkehr in den 90er Jahren. München: Raben 

Verlag. 309 S. 

Meyer, Michael D. and Eric J. Miller. Urban Transportation 

Planning: A Decision-Oriented Approach. McGraw-Hill Book 

Company, New York, NY, 1984, Chs. 1, 2. 

Morlok, E. K.. Introduction to Transportation Engineering and 

Planning. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1978, Ch. 13. 

Newman, P and Kenworthy, J, 1998, Overcoming Automobile 

Dependence. Island Press, Washington DC. 

Rabinovitch, Jonas and Josef Leitman, "Urban Planning in 

Curitiba," pp. 46-53, Scientific American, March 1996 

Repogle, Michael, 1991. Non-Motorized Vehicles in Asian Cities. 

Technical Paper 162. Washington D.C. The World Bank Asia 

technical Department 

Rietveld, P and Bruinsma, F, 1999, Is Transport Infrastructure 

Effective? Transport Infrastructure and Accessibilty: Impacts on 

2.4.2 Page 3

the Space Economy. Springer, New York, 

Small, Kenneth A. and Camilla Kazimi. “On the costs of air 

pollution from motor vehicles”. Journal of Transport Economics 

and Policy, 29:7–32, January 1995 

Stadtverquer. Ansätze für eine umweltverträglichere Mobilität im 

Ballungsraum. Politische Ökologie 10 (29/30), 1992. München: 

Verlag für politische Ökologie. 

Umweltbundesamt. 1992. Flächenhafte Verkehrsberuhigung: 

Folgerungen für die Praxis. Bonn: BMBau. 

UNCHS Habitat; 1985: Guidelines on Design of Circulation in 

Low-Income Urban Settlements. Nairobi: UNCHS. 

Vasconcellos, Eduardo, "The Making of the Middle Class City: 

Transportation policy in Sao Paulo," pp. 293-310, Environment 

and Planning A, vol 29. 

Vuchic., Vukan R. Urban Public Transportation: Systems and 

Technology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1981, 

Winston , Clifford M. and Chad Shirley. Alternate Route: Toward 

Efficient Urban Transportation. Brookings Institution, Washington 

D. C., 1998, Ch 

Winston, Clifford M. and Chad Shirley. Alternate Route: Toward 

Efficient Urban Transportation. Brookings Institution, Washington 

D. C., 1998, 

Zängl, Wolfgang, 1992. Elektroautos – Nein Danke. München: 

Gesellschaft für ökologische Forschung. 

Zängl, Wolfgang, 1993. ICE Die Geister Bahn. Das Dilemma der 

Hochgeschwindigkeitszüge, München: Raben. 

Zängl, Wolfgang, 1995, Der Telematik-Trick. Elektronische 

Autobahngebühren, Verkehrsleitsysteme und andere 

Milliardengeschäfte. München: Raben Verlag. 

2.4.2 Page 4

Univesity of Technology Darmstadt 

International 

Co-operation 



Module description 

Year One 

1 Module identification 

2.4.3 

2 Thematic field 

Urban development 

3 Name of module Energy and Environmental Policies 

4 Module instructor Prof. Dr. Jochen Monstadt (TUD) 

Prof. Dr.phil.habil. Wolfgang Schluchter (BTU Cottbus) 

5 Contents /syllabus 

This module researches the preconditions and 

necessary Stepps of setting up an urban power grid 

that is based upon sustainable energies. As an 

introduction, the multiple options of energy production 

and possibilities to improve energy efficiency will be 

discussed. This poses the need to work out several 

scenarios for energy policy and their testing for local 

urban viability. 

The critical political decisions are discussed with 

regard to different and partially opposed interests of 

users. Besides instrumental methods, some socioeconomic 

approaches like equity principles, social as 

well as psycho-social acceptability will be taught. 

The socio-economic approaches refer to the 

possibilities of the different actors to communicate, 

access information and participate. Their aim is to 

guarantee acceptable living and housing conditions as 

well as to realize strategies to protect the environment 

and available resources. Finally, the idea of a “virtual 

power plant” will be introduced to sketch out the need 

for a paradigm shift from energy supply to energy 

demand and from energy supplier to energy service 

provider. 

The German examples of EEG (renewable energy 

law) and KWK (law on combined heat and power 

generating) demonstrate the political and 

administrative procedures for a shift in energy 

structures. The future energy supply will rest upon a 

few large power plants for baseload demand as well 

as many small scale power generators that are 

2.4.3 Page 1

organized in a decentralised network. Their degree of 

efficiency will be optimized by using CHC (combined 

heat and power) or climate neutral (no fossil CO2) 

technologies and energy sources like solar, wind and 

bio-fuel, optimizing sustainability in an ecological as 

well as economical way. 

The strategies of energy optimizing call for 

acceptance and participation of the involved groups. 

We will discuss that topic with a focus on methods of 

the social sciences. How these methods are 

developed and applied shall be subject of this 

arrangement. Furthermore we examine possibilities to 

examine success of these energy concepts and their 

evaluation. 

6 Learning outcomes The goal of the module is to sensibilize and educate 

the students about theoretical and practical knowledge 

of implementing and managing new systems of 

energy supply. 

7 Instructional methods Introductory lecture, group work, group presentation, 

excercises, case studies 

8 Module Form Seminar 



11 Key words Sustainability, Appropriate Energy Supply, Ecological 

Development, Environmental Management, Citizen’s 

Participation, New Energy Paradigm 



14 Exam Oral/written in form of individual or group presentation 

15 Comments 


reading 

Craig, .M.; Zukunftsenergien – Die Wende zum 

nachhaltigen Energiesystem, Heidelberg 2005 

Jacobson, M.Z.; Reviewsof Solutions of Global 

Warming, Air Pollution and Energy Security, in: 

Energy and Environmental Science, Stanford 

University, RSC Publishing 2008 

OECD/IEA, Renewables in Global Energy Supply, An 

IEA Fact Sheet, Paris 2007 

17 Links 

Schluchter, W.; Zukunftsfähige Energieversorgung – 

Ein Sozio-ökonomisches Projekt; in: BTU Cottbus, 

Forum der Forschung 21/2008 

http://www.sozum.tu-cottbus.de/ 

http://www.sustainableenergy.com/ 

2.4.3 Page 2

http://www.sustenergy.org/tpl/page.cfm?pageName=h 

ome 

2.4.3 Page 3


International 

Co-operation 





2.4.4 

2 Module 2.4. 



technology 

3 Name of course Disaster mitigation in human settlements 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Detlev Kammeier, AIT Bangkok, BTU 

5 Contents /syllabus The preventive action against hazard threats is the 

prime instrument to reduce impacts. Knowledge of the 

nature of those threats – caused by conflicts, natural 

hazards or technological risks - forms the basis for 

response action. Adequate response capacities and 

the availability of logistic and supply resources are 

elementary. Coordination between security, rescue 

and logistic services, public initiatives 

and responses are to be placed in an agreed decision 

making process. Crisis management is therefore 

accepted as an important the technique to maximise 

the effect of the allocated resources and to bring order 

into potentially chaotic conditions after the outbreak of 

disaster. The role of relief is analysed, with particular 

attention to its disruptive effects on the regular 

development process. The differences between local 

and international relief are studied and mechanisms to 

reduce the negative effects are discussed. 

Topics to be covered include: 

• Disasters causes and effects: natural, technological 

hazards and displacement. 

• Vulnerabilities and mitigation options. 

• Simple mitigation rules for building construction 

• Emergencies: preparedness, warning and 

response. 

• Preparedness, 

• Response planning: predictable tasks, victim 

prediction, resource planning. 

2.4.4 Page 1

• Response procedures in routine emergencies, 

scenarios 

• Command and control 

• Awareness and participation 

• Crisis management 

• Information gathering, event records 

• Modular intervention units. 

• Specialized resources 

• Response coordination, response plans, disaster 

plans, interagency coordination 

• Training programs, simulations and drills 

• Human behaviour and assumptions 

• Humanitarian interventions, relief 

• Recovery and rehabilitation 

• Mitigation planning 

6 Learning outcomes After completing this course, participants will be 

able to 

� Name typical disaster risks and possible damages 

� Describe the importance of disaster prevention 

and its main components 

� Explain any rules to observe in urban planning 

and building in disaster prone areas 

� Describe the components of an a disasterrecovery 

plan and explain the importance of 

creating and maintaining a disaster-recovery plan. 

� Be aware of typical handicaps in recovery efforts 

� Contribute in the planning of emergency 

accommodation and reconstruction 

7 Instructional methods Lectures, evaluation of case studies, exercises 




11 Key words Disaster, mitigation planning, natural hazard, seismic 

risk. 



14 Examen Written test 

15 Comments 


reading 

Bachmann, Hugo, 1995. Erdbebensicherung von Bauwerken. 

Birkhäuser, Basel. 

Coburn, Andrew et al., 1995. Technical Principles of Buildlng for 

Safety. Intermediate Technlólogy Publications, London. 

Davis, Ian. 1978. Shelter after Disaster. Oxford Polytechnic 

Press. Oxford. 

DOWRICK, D.J. EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN FOR 

ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS John Wiley 2nd edition, 1987 

Kreuther, Horst ; Kundermann, Birgit ; Mukerji, Kiran. 2003. 

2.4.4 Page 2

Handreichung für Baumassnahmen nach Katastrophen und 

Konflikten. GTZ, Eschborn. 

Minke, Gernot, 2001. Construction manual for earthquakeresistant 

houses built of earth, GATE - BASIN at GTZ GmbH. 

Mouroux, P; Margron, P.; Pinte, J.C ; 1988. La construction 

économique sur sols gonflantes. Rexcoop, Paris 

Padco, Inc. 1981.Disaster Assistance Manual for Transition 

Housing. PADCO, Washington D.C. 

Pelling, Mark. 2003. The vulnerability of Cities. Natural Cisasters 

and Social Resiliance. Earthscan, London. 

Pollner, John, 2001. Managing Catstrophic Disaster Risks. 

Technical Paper 495. World Bank, Washington D.C. 

UNDRO, Shelter after Disaster. United Nations, New York. 1982. 

Valderrain, 1991. Celcilia. Danger! Termites. Ministere de la 

Cooperation et du Développement, Paris. 

Whittow, John (ed.). Hazards in the Built Environment. Built 

Environment Special Issue vol 21, No 2/3. Alexandrine Press, 

Oxford. 

Zacek, Milan.1996. Construire parasismique. Editions 

Parenthèses, Marseille. 

17 Links brief bibliography on disasters http://www.museumsecurity.org/bibliog2.html 

Tsunami books 

http://www.humboldt.edu/~geodept/earthquakes/tsunami!/Tsuna 

mi_books 

Landslide Links http://www.mysteriesmegasite.com/main/bigsearch/landslides.html 

2.4.4 Page 3


International 

Co-operation 




Year One 


2.5.1.A 

2 Module 

3 

Urban Sociology 

Name of course Socio-economic and cultural challenges 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Jaqueline Polvora, UFRGS Porto Alegre 

5 Contents /syllabus The subject of this module is to review the processes 

of economic, political, social and cultural 

transformation that are currently occurring in Asia, 

Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe. The 

objective is to gain an understanding of the historical 

and contemporary contexts in which diverse societies 

and people act and, in turn, are influenced by forces in 

our interdependent world. 

This course also examines race and class dynamics in 

urban development, and how patterns of urban 

inequality are being influenced by the ‘new economy’. 

Today’s cities are fundamentally shaped by inequality 

and conflict, as different social groups mobilize 

political and economic resources in an effort to 

improve their individual socio-economic 

circumstances. Rapid globalization and the rise of the 

information economy, however, are resulting in rapidly 

changing patterns of employment, economic 

opportunities and political power. Understanding these 

changes, how they differ in different locations, and 

how they are affecting patterns of inequality and 

economic opportunity, is both critical for understanding 

patterns of urbanization, and essential for promoting 

more equitable, livable, and sustainable cities. 

Through an integrated approach that links theory and 

case studies, we will examine the following issues 

which are central to the study of comparative social 

change and development: 

• Concepts of modernization and development 

1.3 Page 1

• Poverty and Migration 

• AIDS and other epidemics affecting urbanization 

• Socio-spatial segregation 

• Policy and polity, governance 

• Privatisation policies 

• Informal sector 

• Community initiatives 

• NGOs, CBOs and foreign aid 

• Urban social movements 

• Minorities and cultural identities 

6 Learning outcomes At the end of the course, the students will 

Better understand sociological, historical, political and 

ethological interrelations 

• Know about the difference in social relations in 

cities and urban life around the world. 

• Be familiar with some important theories and 

approaches that social scientists have used to try to 

make sense of these complex places and 

interactions. 

• Be able to relate this understanding to urban 

diversity and the interaction of race, class and 

gender and issues of equity, safety, housing, and 

quality of life. 

• Be prepared to maintain a global vision that looks at 

urban life in global context and understands local 

issues in this broad light. 

• Understand the common challenges of cities 

around the world and the particular forms this takes 

on each continent. 

• May be able to contribute to plans and models for 

remaking cities and urban life into more satisfying 

communities. 

7 Instructional methods Students will complement the information obtained in 

the lectures through own reading, which they will 

reflect in form of short literature reviews. They will 

demonstrate their understanding of the subject in form 

of a written exercise. 

8 Course Form Lecture and Exercise 



11 Key words Culture & urbanization, globalization, poverty 

reduction, minorities, conflict management, healthy 

cities etc. 

12 Duration 1 semester 


1.3 Page 2

14 Examen Written exercise 

15 Comments 


reading 

Baiocchi, G., 2004, ‘Porto Alegre: The dynamism of the 

unorganised’, pp. 37-66 in D. Chavez and B. Goldfrank 

(eds.), The Left in the City - Participatory local governments 

in Latin America, London: Latin American Bureau. 

Ballard, R. Social movements: Unoffical opposition or voice 

of the poor? In Jones, P. and Stokke, K.(2005): 

Democratising development: The politics of socio-economic 

rights 

Ballard, Richard (2005 forthcoming): Social Movements in 

Post-Apartheid South Africa in Jones, Peris and Kristian 

Stokke (eds.): Democratising Development 

Beetham, D. (1999): “Human Rights and Democracy: A 

Multifaceted Relationship” ch.5 in David Beetham: 

Democracy and Human Rights. Cambridge: Polity Press. 

Black, Richard and Khalid Koser (1999): “The End of the 

Refugee Cycle?” ch. 1 in Black & Koser: The End of the 

Refugee Cycle? Refugee Repatriation ad Reconstruction. 

NY/Oxford: Berghahn Books. (15 p) 

Bull, Benedicte (2005): “Privatization Puzzles”, ch. 1 in 

Benedicte Bull: Aid, Power and Privatization. Edward Elgar. 

(17 p) 

Carothers, Thomas: Critical Mission: Essays on Democracy 

promotion, Carnegie Endowment, 2004. (pp 145-226) 

Coomaraswamy, R. (2003): “The Politics of Institutional 

design: An Overview of the case of Sri Lanka, in S. Bastian 

and R. Luckham (Eds.), Can Democracy Be Designed? The 

Politics of Institutional Choice in Conflict-torn Societies. Zed, 

London. 

Crook, R.C., 2003, ‘Decentralisation and poverty reduction 

in Africa: The politics of local-central relations’, Public 

Administration and Development, Vol. 23, pp.77-88. 

Eriksen, S.S,, J. Naustdalslid and A.Schou, 1999, 

Decentralisation from above’, pp.13-45., NIBR’s Pluss 

Series 4-99. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Urban and 

Regional Research. 

Habib, A. The politics of economic policy-making: 

Substantive uncertainty, political leverage, and human 

development 

Harriss, John (2005a):”Political Participation, representation 

and the Urban Poor. Findings from a Research in Delhi” in 

Economic and Political Weekly, March 12: 1041-1054. 

Harriss, John (2005b)‘Politics is a dirty river’: but is there a 

‘new politics’ of civil society? Perspectives from global cities 

of India and Latin America. Paper. 16p. 

Harriss, John (2005c): The ‘New Politics’ of the Urban Poor 

in Contemporary India. Paper. 14 p. 

Harriss, John, Stokke, Kristian, Törnquist, Olle: Introduction: 

The New Local Politics of Democratisation, in (Eds.) 

Harriss, Stokke and Törnquist Politicising Democracy: Local 

Politics and Democratisation in Developing Countries, 

Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. (26 

pp) 

1.3 Page 3

Heywood, Mark (2005 forthcoming): Shaping, Making and 

Breaking the Law in the Campaign for a National HIV/AIDS 

Treatment Plan, in Jones, Peris and Kristian Stokke (eds.) 

Democratising Development 

Luckham, R., Goetz, A. M., and Kaldor, M. (2003). 

Democratic Institutions and Democratic Politics. In, S. 

Bastian and R. Luckham (Eds.), Can Democracy Be 

Designed? The Politics of Institutional Choice in Conflicttorn 

Societies. Zed, London. 

Mohan, Giles & Kristian Stokke (forthcoming, 2005): The 

Politics of Localization: From Depoliticizing Development to 

Politicizing Democracy. In: K. Cox, M. Low and J. Robinson 

(Eds.). The Handbook in Political Geography. London: 

Sage. 

Peter P. Houtzager, Adrián Gurza Lavalle and Graziela 

Castello (2005): States and Citizens in Urban Brazil and 

Mexico.What Surveys on Political Participation Can Tell Us. 

Paper. 19 p. 

Shanmugaratnam, N. and Stokke, K. (forthcoming, 2005). 

Development as a Precursor to Conflict Resolution: A 

Critical Review of the Fifth Peace Process in Sri Lanka. In: 

N. Shanmugaratnam (Ed.). Between War and Peace: 

Deprivation and Livelihood Revival in Sudan and Sri Lanka. 

Oxford: James Currey. 

Stølen, Kristi Anne (2004): “The Reconstruction of 

Community and Identity among Guatemalan Returnees”, 

European Review of Latin American and Caribbean 

Studies, Number 77. Oct.: 3-24 

Teichman, Judith A. (2001): "Politics and market reform in 

Latin America", ch 1 (pp.1-22) i Judith A. Teichman: The 

Politics of Freeing Markets in Latin America. Chapel Hill: 

The University of North carolina Press. 22 p. 

Törnquist, Olle Assessing Democracy from Below: The 

development of an alternative framework in an Indonesian 

pilot-study. Manuscript, University of Oslo , 2005b. (28 pp) 

Warren, Kay B. (1998): “Democracy, Marginality and Ethnic 

Resurgence”, introduction in Kay B. Warren: Indigenous 

Movements and their Critics: Pan Maya Activism in 

Guatemala. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. (29 p) 

Warren, Kay B. (1998): “Tracking the Invisible Thread of 

Ethnicity”, conclusion in Kay B. Warren: Indigenous 

Movements and their Critics: Pan Maya Activism in 

Guatemala. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. (16 p). 

1.3 Page 4


International 

Co-operation 





2.5.1-B 

2 Module 2.5 

Conviviality and culture 

3 Name of course Migration, segregation, differentiation 

and minority focus 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Jacqueline Polvora 

(FRGS Porto Alegre) 

Senior Lecturer Dr. Rod Burgess (Oxford Brokes) 

5 Contents /syllabus Many people change their place of residence over 

great distances - voluntarily or not - and in both cases 

there are social and spatial implications that require 

careful planning on behalf of local authorities. For 

example, in most countries of the South, there is 

massive migration from the countryside towards the 

cities in search of income – which not only produces a 

huge housing deficit locally, but also easily creates 

problems of cultural assimilation and xenophobia. 

Although rarely acknowledged, there also occurs 

migration in the other direction, back into the rural 

areas, i.e. when urban poverty reaches a level when 

the supply of food is not guaranteed any more, or 

when people grow old or sick and depend on their 

extended families for care. 

Another serious and frequent problem is forced 

internal migration in cases of civil war, like in El 

Salvador in the past or certain areas of Colombia 

today. At the new destination there generally are no 

income opportunities, but the alternative to return to 

the home places is impossible in the short run, and 

remains unlikely in the distant future. In such a case, 

certain aspects of the home economy may be 

provided in the new environment, for example in the 

form of urban agriculture. 

The course will cover causes of migration, migrations 

flows, settlement and resettlement requirements, 

2.5.5 Page 1

aspects of segregation or integration of the migrants, 

induced or voluntary integration and general 

implications to urban development. 

6 Learning outcomes After completing the module, students will 

• Be able to differentiate between different forms of 

migration 

• Understand typical urban problems arising from 

migration flows 

• Know the mayor implications of migration for urban 

planning 

• Be prepared to engage in planning challenges for 

migrant populations 

7 Instructional methods Seminar, case studies, games 




11 Key words Internal migration, forced migration, resettlement, push 

and pull factors, cultural conflicts 




15 Comments 


reading 

Bach, R.L. & L.A. Schraml. 1982. Migration, crisis and theoretical 

conflict. International Migration Review, No. 162. 320-341. 22p. 

Gardner, K. 1996. Global migrants, local lives: Travel and 

transformation in rural Bangladesh. Clarendon, Oxford. 

Gugler, Josef. 1982. "Overurbanization Reconsidered." Economic 

Development and Cultural Change 31:173–189 

Hammer, T. et al. (eds). 1997. International migration, immobility 

and development. Multidisciplinary perspectives. Berg, Oxford. 

Heyes, G. 1991. Migration, metascience, and development policy 

in Island Polynesia. The Contemporary Pacific, Vol. 3, No. 1. 1- 

58. 59p. 

Massey, D. 1999. Imagining globalization: Power-geometries of 

time-space. Brah, A. et al. (eds). Global futures. Migration, 

environment and globalization. Macmillan, Basingstoke. 18p. 

Portes, A. 1999. Conclusion: Toward a new world. The origins 

and effects of transnational activities. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 

Vol. 22, No. 2. 463-477. 15p. 

Taylor, J.E. (ed.). 1996. Development strategy, employment and 

migration: Insight from models. OECD, Paris. 

Vertovec, S. 1999. Conceiving and researching transnationalism. 

Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 22, No. 2. 447-462. 16p. 

Weyland, P. 1993. Inside the Third World village. Routledge, 

London. 257p. Global production - transnational companies 

18 Links Digital library on forced migration 

http://fmo.qeh.ox.ac.uk/fmo/ 

2.5.5 Page 2


International 

Co-operation 




Year One 


2.5.4_A 

2 Module 2.5 

Conviviality 

and culture 

3 Name of course Cultural identity and religion 

as urban development factors 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Shanti Pillai, New York, Auroville, Havana 

5 Contents /syllabus 1. Cultural identity is what makes one place different 

from another, why residents care for their 

neighbourhood and identify with it, what defines 

‘home’ to travellers in a globalizing world. The stronger 

consumer dependence on internationally marketed 

products grow, the meaningful also gets what is left in 

terms of own culture to the individual – his or her 

traditional roots. 

2. The market, however, is not sleeping and invents 

new and artificial identities: an apparently private 

corner in the global marketplace for example, where 

you can buy a fashionable new (and easily 

exchangeable) identity and meet an elite that happens 

to pick the same group ‘label’. But after all, the 

apparent variety of theme pubs, clubs, street parties is 

not so much different in the end and may leave a stale 

taste behind. Another example: you can find a neat 

‘ocean basket’ restaurant all over South Africa and 

probably beyond. In all of them, not only the menu is 

the same, the taste of the truly ‘decorative’ fish 

similarly neutral, and the waiter event greets you with 

exactly the same words. It helps some people to feel 

‘at home’, too. 

3. Inner city renewal or low-income neighbourhood 

upgrading schemes may demonstrate good 

sustainable results if their specific character can be 

valorised and if residents still feel at home after the 

2.5.4 Page 1

‘betterment’ intervention. It is not that difficult to 

achieve this objective, if the risk of global 

homogenisation is recognized and the ‘genius loci’ is 

captured and fostered. 

The course will analyse some basic theories about 

cultural identity and townscape in the light of 

modernity and globalization. It will compare case 

studies of traditional, preserved, transformed and false 

local identities in the context of urban development. 

6 Learning outcomes Participation in the module will assist students in 

• understanding cultural identity as an 

interrelationship of religion, tradition, inclusion, 

and community formation in the city. 

• Considering how development issues related to 

gentrification and how they affect community life 

and identity. 

• Confronting stereotypes and biases regarding 

race, class and sexual identity. 

• Providing tools for understanding and generalizing 

case studies from different parts of the world and 

applying basic experiences in other contexts, 

urban and non-urban. 

7 Instructional methods Seminar, case studies 




11 Key words Cultural identity, heritage, religion, 



14 Examen Oral in form of case study analysis 

15 Comments 


reading 

Askew , Marc and William S. Logan (eds). Cultural Identity and 

Urban Change in Southeast Asia: Interpretative Essays. Deakin 

UP, 1994. 

Bourdieu, Pierre; Physischer, sozialer und angeeigneter 

physischer Raum; in: Wentz, Martin: Stadt-Räume; Frankfurt am 

Main,1991 

Boyer, M. Christine, 1996. The City of Collective Memory. MIT 

Caplan, Pat, Hrsg. The cultural construction of sexuality; London: 

Tavistock, 1987. 

Castells, Manuel (2002/1983). “Cultural Identity, Sexual 

Liberation and Urban Structure: The Gay Community in San 

Christopherson, Susan (1994). “The Fortress City: Privatized 

Spaces, Consumer Citizenship” in Post-Fordism: A Reader, Ash 

Amin, Ed.. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. Pages 409-427. 

Francisco” in The Castells Reader on Cities and Social Theory: 

2.5.4 Page 2

180-231. 

Gehl, Jan; Life between buildings – using public space; 

Kopenhagen 1971 

Harth, Annette; Freiraum und Geschlecht; in: PLANERIN Heft 2- 

2005 

Jünger, Friedrich Georg „Gärten im Abend- und Morgenland“, 

München 1960 

King, Anthony D. 1991. Urbanism, Colonialism, and the World- 

Economy: Cultural and Spatial Foundations of the World Urban 

System. New York: Routledge. 

Kostof, Spiro. 1992. The City Assembled: The Elements of Urban 

Form Through History. Boston, Little Brown. 

KURSBUCH STADT, Stadtleben und Stadtkultur an der 

Jahrtausendwende, DVA, 2000 

Lechner, Frank J.; Boli, John, 2005. World Culture. Origins and 

Consequences. Blackwell, Oxford. 

Löw Martina; Raumsoziologie, Suhrkamp Frankfurt am Main 2001 

Marten, Florian, KAPUTTGEPLANT, Das Elend der Raum- und 

Stadtplanung, Frankfurt/Main, New York, Campus Verlag 1997 

Meuser, Philipp; Sehnsucht nach Europa. Urbane Skizzen aus 

Afrika, Amerika und Asien; Berlin 2003 

Nippa Annegret (1991) Haus und Familie in arabischen Ländern 

vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart, München 

Rappoport, Amos, 1969. House Form and Culture. Prentice Hall, 

Eaglewood Cliffs 

Selle Klaus; Öffentlicher Raum – Von was ist die Rede? in: 

Jahrbuch Stadterneuerung, Hannover 2001 

Sennett, Richard; Verfall und Ende des öffentlichen Lebens. Die 

Tyrannei der Intimität, Frankfurt am Main 1983 

Soja, Edward, 1999. Postmetropolis, Blackwell 

Wildner, Katrin; Zocalo – die Mitte der Stadt Mexiko, 

Ethnographie eines Platzes; Berlin 2003 

2.5.4 Page 3




2.5.4-B 

2 Module 

Conviviality and 

Culture 

3 Name of course Cultural production and Urban Space 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Shanti Pillai, New York, Auroville, Havana 

5 Contents /syllabus This course explores the role of culture in the production of 

globalized urban spaces, and the role of urban spaces in 

the production of globalized culture. Cultural activities have 

long been thought of in the West as the antidotes to the 

social ills supposedly promoted by city living. At the same 

time, culture constitutes the primary terrain of conflicts over 

social differences and urban fears. As the site for the 

creation of images, memories and meaning, cultural 

production symbolizes and controls who belongs in the city, 

and who does not. With the rise of the “global city” and its 

corresponding concern for finance, service industries, and 

media, culture has increasingly become the business of 

urban planners, municipal authorities, and corporations who 

give priority to the creation of areas of touristic and 

entertainment interest and the privatization of public space. 

Individual artists and small-scale cultural organizations find 

it hard to compete in the face of such priorities, just as large 

numbers of immigrants and ethnic and racial “others” are 

exploited and marginalized by these developments. At the 

same time these populations create alternative forms of 

“cosmopolitanism” through the production of new cultural 

forms, as well as by placing pressure on institutions to 

appeal to a broader public. In this class students will 

consider the relationship between global economics, local 

urban development, and the social processes through 

which people creatively respond to their living conditions 

and make claims to “cultural citizenship.” Our discussion 

about these contentious issues will include de-centering the 

academic debates which have frequently assumed a Euro- 

American model of the global city. We will also take note of 

the ways in which digital technologies might (or might not) 

displace the importance of “place” in the production of 

culture in the 21 st century. The course is designed as a 

seminar to introduce students to a range of issues to 

simulate their thinking about the cities in which they might 

find themselves working. Emphasis is less on lecturing and 

passive note-taking, and more on teacher-student 

collaboration in discussing open-ended theoretical, 

practical, and political questions. For their final projects 

each student will choose a specific area of inquiry and 

2.5.7 Page 1

explore the issues in relation to a city they know well or in 

which they have a particular interest. Students will present 

their reflections orally in class and in a brief essay. 

6 Learning outcomes Students will also be asked to do a mini “final project.” This 

basically consists of selecting an issue/topic that comes up 

during the course of Monday-Thursday’s discussions, and 

reflecting further upon it. I think it is most useful when 

students select an area of inquiry and then examine the 

corresponding issues in relation to a city they know well, or 

a city in which they might one day work. Such things can 

take as their focus official discourses, as in something like 

“The Role of Musueum X in the Promotion of Tourism in 

City Y.” Alternatively, it might examine large scale 

processes as in “The Aesthetics of the Multinational 

Takeover of the Downtown in City Z.” Another strategy 

would be to consider acts of resistance as in “The Rise, 

Repression and Appropriation of Graffiti in City A.” It is 

entirely up to you. Take up something that interests you, 

something that may serve you in the kind of work you may 

have to do, or may want to do. You will present your 

reflections orally in a 20 minute presentation on Friday, as 

well as written in a 3-5 page, double-spaced essay. 

7 Instructional methods This class places primary emphasis on active participation 

in discussion. Our conversations will be the most 

interesting and productive when students come to class 

prepared. That means having read the day’s readings and 

thought about them in relation to one’s own personal and 

professional experience, in addition to previous academic 

work. 


9 Mandatory / elective Optional 


11 Key words Cultural Studies Meets Urban Planning 

Art, Cities, & Nations 

Pop Culture/Alternative City Cultures 

Immigrant Cultures 




15 Comments Assignment Percent of Final Grade 

Class Participation 50% 

Oral Presentation 25% 

Essay (3-5 pages) 25% 


reading 

Brenner, Neil and Roger Keil, 2006:The Global Cities 

Reader. London and New York: Routledge. 

Currid, Elizabeth, 2007:The Warhol Economy: How 

Fashion, Art, and Music Drive New York City. Princeton, 

NJ: Princeton University Press. 

2.5.7 Page 2

Chong, Terence; 2003 “Chinese Opera in Singapore: 

Negotiating Globalisation, Consumerism and National 

Culture.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 34 (3): 449- 

471. 

Pena Gomez, Guillermo: 1993: Warrior for Gringostroika. 

Saint Paul, Minnesota: Graywolf Press. 

Pillai, Shanti: 2005 Auroville: Philosophy, Performance 

and Power in a Transnational Utopian Community in South 

India. Ph.D. dissertation in Department of Performance 

Studies, New York University. Chapters 1 and 7. 

Rose, Tricia; 1994 Black Noise: Rap Music and Black 

Culture in Contemporary America. Middletown, CT: 

Wesleyan University Press. pp. 21-62. 

Shukla, Sandhya; 2003: India Abroad: Diasporic Cultures of 

Postwar America and England. Princeton, NJ: Princeton 

University Press. pp. 78-131. 

Williams, Raymond: 1983: Keywords: A Vocabulary of 

Culture and Society. pp. 87-93. 

Yuen, Wong Kin; 2000:“On the Edge of Spaces: Blade 

Runner, Ghost in the Shell, and Hong Kong's Cityscape.” 

Science Fiction Studies. Vol 1, Part 1. There are two 

possible links for this article. Access either one: 

http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/backissues/80/wong80ar 

t.htm or 

http://www.greylodge.org/occultreview/glor_006/on_t 

he_edge_of_spaces.pdf 

2.5.7 Page 3


International 

Co-operation 



1 Module 2.6.1 

2 Module 2.6. 

International 

cooperation skills 

3 Name of course Project planning and evaluation methods 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Kosta Mathéy, TU Darmstadt / ISPJAE Cuba 

Prof. Dr. Eugen Bruno (FHD & GTZ) 

5 Contents /syllabus In project management and process steering, German 

experts enjoy a high reputation for systematic and 

efficient organization. In the field of urban and other 

international co-operation, donors in Germany have 

developed a set of participatory project finding, 

planning, and evaluation techniques - some of which 

have also been adopted by agencies and 

organizations. This module offers an introduction to 

some of the most popular planning methodologies and 

also covers Project Cycle Management (PCM), Log 

Frame approach, result-based management and the 

DAC approach for harmonization of development cooperation 

methods and instruments. 

6 Learning outcomes Familiarization and training in project planning 

techniques applied in technical co-operation projects. 

Participants will be enabled to moderate smaller 

project planning sessions. 

7 Instructional methods Game, exercise 




11 Key words Project planning, management, logical framework 

analysis, international co-operation, metaplan, 

logframe, ZOPP, AURA, gtz, KfW, evaluation 



14 Examen Written (logframe sample or similar) 


reading 

Aune, Jens B. November 2000. “Logical Framework Approach 

and PRA - Mutually Exclusive or Complementary Tools for 

Project Planning?” Development in Practice. Vol. 10, No. 5. 

2.6.1 Page 1

Oxford 

Bauer, Malcolm I. and P.N. Johnson-Laird. November 1993. “How 

Diagrams Can Improve Reasoning.” Psychological Science. Vol. 

4, No. 6. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. 

Bell, Simon. February 2000. “Logical Frameworks, Aristotle and 

Soft Systems: a note on the origins, values and uses of logical 

frameworks, in reply to Gasper.” Public Administration and 

Development. Vol. 20, No. 1, 29-32. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 

Belshaw, D.G.R.(1988) Linkages between policy Analysis, 

National Planning, and Decentralized Planning for Rural 

Development. Training Materials for Agricultural Planning #18. 

Rome: FAO 

Cameron, John. Why We Are Doing this B**** Logframe Again? - 

A History. School of Development Studies/Overseas 

Development Group. University of East Anglia, UK 

Chambers, Robert. “The Origins and Practice of Participatory 

Rural Appraisal”. In World Development, Vol. 22, No. 7 (1994): 

953-969. http://www.coregroup.org/resources/connections.cfm 

Chambers, Robert. Whose reality Counts? Putting the First Last. 

London: Intermediate Technology Publications, 1997. 

Clark/Egerton Universities et al. (1991) Participatory Rural 

Appraisal Handbook. Worcester, MA: Clark University Program 

for 

EUROPEAN UNION. Manual: PROJECT CYCLE 

MANAGEMENT, Integrated Approach and Logical Framework, 

Commission of the European Communities, Evaluation Unit 

Methods and Instruments for Project Cycle Management, No 1, 

February 1993. 

FINNIDA: Guidelines for Project Preparation and Design, Finnish 

International Development Agency (FINNIDA), June 1991. 

ILO: Listen to the People: A Guide for Planners of Disability 

Programmes, ILO, Geneva 1994. 

Kardan, Nuket. (1995) Conditions of Accountability for Gender 

Policy: the Organizational, Political, and Cognitive Contexts, IDS 

Bulletin vol 26 no 3, 11-22. 

Maetz, Materne and Maria G. Quieti.(1987) Training for 

Decentralized Planning: Lessons from Experience. Vol. 1. 

Training Materials for Agricultural Planning #29. Rome: FAO. 

Nauheimer, Holger. 1997. Project Cycle Management (PCM): 

New Project Management Tools or Recycled Approaches from 

Yesterday? published in : AT-Forum, No. 9, 1997 

NORAD: GUIDE TO PLANNING AND EVALUATING NGO 

PROJECTS, three parts in separate booklets, NORAD, Oslo 

1988. 

NORAD: The Logical Framework Approach (LFA), Handbook for 

Objectives-oriented Project Planning, Norwegian Agency for 

Development Co-operation (NORAD), Publisher Directoratet for 

Utviklingshjelp, No date. 

UNDP. Programme and Projects Manual, Introduction to the 

Project Cycle, (Units 30000 ***), 1988. 

UNICEF: Programme Guidelines, Childhood Disability, 

Prevention and Rehabilitation, VOL. 8, UNICEF 1987. 

Links Objectives-Oriented Project Planning (ZOPP) 

http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/sourcebook/sba102.htm 

2.6.1 Page 2

ZOPP - OBJECTIVE ORIENTED PROJECT PLANNING 

http://hq.unhabitat.org/cdrom/governance/html/yellop29.htm 

Project Cycle Management (PCM): 

http://www.change-management-toolbook.com/tools/pcm.html 

2.6.1 Page 3


International 

Co-operation 



1 Module 2.6.3 -A 

2 Module 2.6. 

International 


3 Name of course Development aid and funding agencies / 

project formulation 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Karl Kluegel (Politechnic Zuerich) 

Prof. Dr. Dietmar Wiegend (TU Vienna) 

5 Contents /syllabus Many useful development projects in the South can 

only be realized with external funding. However, in 

order to obtain such funding, an insider view of the 

functioning, the preferences and the conditions of 

possible funding and their institutions is advisable, if 

not indispensable. Project proposals need to follow 

certain rules, fit within the financial portfolio of different 

programmes and pass through a number of set 

approval stages. 

The course will embrace an analytical typology of 

donor agencies, deal with criteria for application and 

approval of project proposals, provide training in 

project proposal writing, explain the typical structure 

for project application, and provide information on the 

average funding volume for various type of 

development projects. 

6 Learning outcomes At the end of the module, students will be able to: 

� write a good project proposal 

� indicate at least 3 potential funding agencies for a 

given project type 

� tell the necessary approval procedure and its 

corresponding time lags 

7 Instructional methods Lectures, project proposal analysis, exercise 




11 Key words Foreign aid, international co-operation, 

technical/financial co-operation, grants, loans, soft 

loans, appraisal, evaluation, monitoring, project 

2.6.2 Page 1

proposal, project idea 



14 Examen Written:: sample flow chart of project stages 

15 Comments 


reading 

Arrossi, Silvina et al. Funding Community Initiatives. London: 

Published for UNDP by Earthscan, 1994. 

Baum, Warren C. “The Project Cycle’’. In Finance and 

Development. December 1978. 

Picciotto, Robert and Rachel Weaving. “A New Project Cycle for 

the World Bank?”. In Finance and Development. December 1994: 

42-44. 

2.6.2 Page 2


International 

Co-operation 





2.6.3. B 

2 Module 2.6. 

International 


3 Name of course Project finance and flow of project funds 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Karl Kluegel, Politechnic Zürich 

Prof. Dr. Dietmar Wiegand, TU Vienna 

5 Contents /syllabus Urban development projects typically move large sums 

of money around – sometimes (especially in the 

context of international co-operation) between 

countries and continents. Usually, different funding 

agencies are involved, banks charge differential fees 

and grant different interest rates, if at all. Idle ‘parking’ 

and mal-management of funds must be avoided, 

accounting must be transparent and correct. In some 

cases it will be necessary to employ (and supervise) 

an accountant, in others just an auditor. A basic 

knowledge of these conditions and practices is needed 

for experts writing project proposals and work in team 

leader positions. The necessary expertise is being 

taught in this module. Topics include, among others, 

project budgeting, project budget programming, basket 

funding, micro credits, business plans. 

6 Learning outcomes After completion of this module the students should 

� be familiar with typical cost forecasting and fund 

administration techniques 

� practices for low of development project funds 

� know the specific terminology used in project 

finance procedures 

� be able to (conduct or) contribute ideas in 

financial negotiations with bankers and project 

partners 

2.6.3 Page 1

7 Instructional methods Lecture, seminar, exercise 




11 Key words Project budgeting, forms of loans and tied donations, 

affordability and willingness to pay, micro credits, 

group saving schemes, international transfer of funds, 

accountability, final accounting. 



14 Examen Written: sample budget 

15 Comments 


reading 

A full reading list will be distributed at the beginning of 

the course. 

Arrossi, Silvina et al. Funding Community Initiatives. London: 

Published for UNDP by Earthscan, 1994. 

Patel, Sheela and Celine D’Cruz. “The Mahila Milan Crisis Credit 

Scheme: From a Seed to a Tree”. In Environment & Urbanization, 

Vol. 5. No. 1 (April 1993), pp.9-17. 

Finnerty, J. D. 1996. Project Finance: Asset-Based Financial 

Engineering, John Wiley & Sons (New York, NY). 

17 Links Project finance portal: 

http://www.people.hbs.edu/besty/projfinportal/index.htm 

2.6.3 Page 2


International 

Co-operation 




Year One 


2.7.1_A 

2 Module 2.7. 

Academic skills 

3 Name of course Research methods and thesis management 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Prof. Dr. Brigitte Geissel, TU Darmstadt 

5 Contents /syllabus This course is an introduction to urban studies 

research methodologies. The course deals with 

identification of sources for urban data gathering, use 

of the library in urban research, formulating a good 

research question, research design, methods 

commonly used in urban research, use of computers 

to store and manipulate quantitative urban data, and 

an introduction to data analysis and theoretical and 

practical applications of urban research. The class will 

further discuss the importance and limitations of theory 

in social science research. Basic concepts and 

vocabulary of social science research are explained 

and the student will become familiar with how research 

in the social sciences is done as well as with the 

commonly accepted conventions for scientific 

research. 

6 Learning outcomes At the end of this course students will have the tools 

they need to conduct basic urban research using 

quantitative and qualitative methods. They will 

understand the basic framework for a typical research 

design and have the tools to evaluate research 

projects to understand how researchers investigate 

questions related to urban issues. More precisely, 

students should be prepared to: 

� Formulate good research questions and design 

appropriate research. 

� Collect your own data using a variety of methods. 

� Analyse both simple qualitative and quantitative 

2.7.1 Page 1

data using computer-based skills. 

� Critically evaluate your own research and that of 

other social scientists. 

7 Instructional methods Introductory lecture, reading, excercises 




11 Key words Social science research, survey, 

qualitative/quantitative interviews, sample, statistics, 



14 Examen Written: preparation of a questions/methods matrix 

15 Comments 


reading 

Babbie, E. (1990) Survey Research Methods. Belmont, CA: 

Wadsworth. 

Berg, B. (1989) Qualitative Research Methods for the Social 

Sciences. Boston: Allyn & Bacon 

Bohrnstedt, G. & D. Knoke (1994) Statistics for Social Data 

Analysis. Itasca, NY: Peacock. 

Campbell, J. P., Daft, R. L., & Hulin, C. L. (1982) What to study: 

Generating and developing research questions. Beverly Hills, 

CA.: Sage Publications. 

Finsterbush, Kurt, Jasper Ingersoll and Lynn Llewellyn (eds). 

Methods for Social Analysis in Developing Countries, Boulder, 

CO: Westview press, 1990. 

Geertz, C. (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures. NY: Basic Books 

Glesne, C. (1999). Becoming Qualitative Researchers: An Introduction. 

(2nd ed.). New York: Addison Wesley Longman. ($56) 

Maxwell, J. A. (1996). Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive 

Approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ($30) 

Miles, M. & M. Huberman (1994) Qualitative Data Analysis. 

Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage 

Monmonier, Mark 

1999. How to Lie with Maps. 

Chicago: Chicago University Press. 

ISBN 0 226 53415 4; G108.7 .M66 1996 

Reitbergen-McCracken, Jennifer and Deepa Narayan. 

Participation and Social Assessment: Tools and Techniques. 

Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1998. Downloadable from 

www.worldbank.org/poverty/impact/resources/toolkit.pdf 

Salkind, N. (2000) Exploring Research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: 

Prentice Hall. 

Schutt, Russell K. (1999) Investigating the Social World: The 

Process and Practice of Research. Second Edition. Thousand 

Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press. 

Seltzer, R. (1996) Mistakes that Social Scientists Make. New 

York: St. Martin's. 

Silverman, David 2001. Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methods for 

Analysing Talk, Text and Interaction. London: Sage Publications, 

2.7.1 Page 2

Inc. 

Sirkin, M. (1995) Statistics for the Social Sciences. Thousand 

Oaks, CA: Sage. 

Tashakkori, Abbas, and Charles Teddlie 1998. Mixed 

Methodology: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative 

Approaches. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, Inc. 

Westbro, Dick Urban; Hürol, Yonca, Wilkinson (eds), 2005. 

Methodologies of housing research. The Urban Press 

International, Gateshead 

Yin, Robert K. 1994. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 

Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, Inc. 

Links: Advice on Statistics Research Paper Formulating a Hypothesis 

http://janda.org/c10/Research%20papers/makinghypotheses.htm 

Slide Show on Principles of Sampling: 

http://www.uic.edu/classes/socw/socw560/SAMPLING/sld001.ht 

m 

Reliability and Validitity 

http://seamonkey.ed.asu.edu/~alex/teaching/assessment/reliabilit 

y.html 

Qualitative Research Resources on the Internet 

http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/qualres.html 

Qualitative Methods Worksbook 

http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/qualmeth.html 

How to write a qualitative research report 

http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR2-3/presenting.html 

Code of Ethics, American Sociological Association 

http://www.asanet.org/ethics.htm 

Syllabus on Research Methods in the Social Sciences, North 

Carolina Weseleyan College with exellent content description on 

each lecture 

http://faculty.ncwc.edu/jchristensen/POL308/ 

2.7.1 Page 3


International 

Co-operation 




Year One 


2.7.3-B 

2 Module 

Academic skills 

3 Name of course Field study methodology 

4 Course instructor Prof. Dr. Prof. Dr. Brigitte Geissel, TU Darmstadt 

5 Contents /syllabus Urban and also rural planning is for people, and 

therefore any research project will need to gather and 

process information about the target group. Social 

surveys and interviews are commonly applied for this 

purpose, and basic knowledge about interviewing 

techniques and data processing is essential already in 

the stage of research design (even if the actual 

application may later be done by specialists). 

This course is meant to technically assist students to 

design and carry out their field works and - indirectly (if 

based on the field work) – also in preparing the master 

thesis. 

6 Learning outcomes Students should learn: 

� In which situations quantitative and mixed 

empirical surveys are a useful research tool 

� How to prepare and organize social surveys 

� What is an adequate sampling size 

� Methods of collecting data in the field 

� How to design a good questionnaire 

� The use and quality of indicators 

� When do I need a pilot study 

� Time management 

� Keeping records 

� Ethical principles 

� Interpreting data 

7 Instructional methods Introductory lecture, case studies, exercises, test 



2.7.3 Page 1


11 Key words Social surveys, interviews, SPSS, 

qualitative/quantitative interviews, sampling 



14 Examen Computer test 

15 Comments 


reading 

A reading list will be distributed at the beginning of the 

semester if necessary 

17 Net resources Britton, Alison (1996), Advice about Empirical Research. 

http://www.mdx.ac.uk/WWW/STUDY/research.htm 

ABC Study Guide, 

http://www.mdx.ac.uk/WWW/STUDY/homepage.htm 

QUALITATIVE SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 

METHODOLOGY, 

http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/308/308lect09.htm 

Rosenbaum, Stephanie: Usability in Practice: Field Studies 

www.teced.com/PDFs/Chi2002.pdf 

Library Guide to European Field Studies 

http://www.library.umass.edu/subject/anthro/european.html 

2.7.3 Page 2

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