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44 Acknowledgements Our species list would have been much shorter without the input by C. Nagels and L. Andriessen, who visited numerous garden centres in the eastern part of Flanders. References Anonymous, 2008. Climate change could spread plants. Horticulture Week 17 October 2008: 5. Barabási A.-L., 2002. Linked. The new science of networks. Cambridge (MA), Perseus Publishing. Bedouet F., 2008. Euphorbia prostrata Aiton (Euphorbe prostrée). Le jouet du vent 20: 3. Bossdorf O., Lipowsky A. & Prati D., 2008. Selection of preadapted populations allowed Senecio inaequidens to invade Central Europe. Diversity and Distributions 14: 676-685. Boucher A. & Partridge J., 2006. Urtica membranacea, an annual nettle, in Warwick: a first British record? BSBI News 103: 29-30. Hoste I., Verloove F., Nagels C., Andriessen L. & Lambinon J., 2009. De adventievenflora van in België ingevoerde mediterrane containerplanten. Dumortiera 97: 1-16. Lambinon J., Delvosalle L. & Duvigneaud J., 2004. Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand- Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des Régions voisines. 5 ème édition. Meise, Jardin botanique national de Belgique. Mathias M.E. & Constance L., 1965. A revision of the genus Bowlesia Ruiz & Pav. (Umbelliferae–Hydrocotyloideae) and its relatives. Univ. of California Publications in Botany 38. Berkeley & Los Angeles, Univ. of California Press. Nicolle D. J., 2008. Galium murale – a foothold in Eastbourne? BSBI News 109: 57-58. Richardson D. M. & Pyšek P., 2008. Fifty years of invasion ecology – the legacy of Charles Elton. Diversity and Distribution 14: 161-168. Verloove F., 2006. Catalogue of neophytes in Belgium (1800-2005). Scripta Botanica Belgica 39. Meise, National Botanic Garden of Belgium. Williamson M., 1996. Biological invasions. London etc., Chapman & Hall.
Water frogs in Wallonia: genetic identification of the introduced taxa (Pelophylax ssp.) and impact on indigenous water frogs (Pelophylax lessonae and P. kl. esculentus). Christiane PERCSY 1,* & Nicolas PERCSY 2 1 * ULB & UCL, private address: chemin du Bon Air 12, B-1380 Ohain. Corresponding author: cpercsy@gmail.com 2 Institut Supérieur d'Architecture, UMONS Introduction Two taxa of water frogs are native in Wallonia: Pelophylax lessonae and P. kl. esculentus. But water frogs, from different origins, have been introduced in Wallonia during the last 25 years, mainly as a consequence of aquatic horticulture: aquatic plants are imported from central Europe, in containers, with eggs, tadpoles or adults of water frogs; these frogs reproduce successfully in the horticulture ponds and are sold (or given) to people creating an ornamental pond in their garden. So, the frogs are introduced in many places in the country; then they spread in the neighbourhood and colonize (semi-)natural habitats. As a consequence, P. ridibundus (Figure 1) has become the most frequent green frog in Brabant wallon (Percsy & Percsy, 2002a and 2002b). It is also abundant in the neighbourhood of large cities (Brussels, Liège, Namur, Verviers) (Percsy & Percsy, 2007). Alien water frogs – i.a. P. ridibundus – occupy sites where P. kl. esculentus and P. lessonae are present, as well as other amphibians (mainly R. temporaria, Bufo bufo, Triturus sp.); it is a predator of these species. Since P. ridibundus is bigger than the two native green frogs, they outcompete the latter for territory, feeding and breeding Furthermore, because of the very particular genetic relationship between the three green frogs (hybridogenesis : see, e.g., Berger 1988), the introduction of P. ridibundus in P. kl. esculentus and P. lessonae populations may lead to genetic pollution of the latter species. Finally, foreign frogs may carry diseases, which is a threat for indigenous amphibians (Kok 2001). Figure 1. Lake Frog (Pelophylax ridibundus), Lasne, Wallonia. © C. & N. Percy 45
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