pdf - Roger Gaskell Rare Books
pdf - Roger Gaskell Rare Books
pdf - Roger Gaskell Rare Books
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
oger gaskell rare books<br />
books from the library<br />
of<br />
walter pagel<br />
Part II:<br />
books printed after 1600
From the library of Walter Pagel
<strong>Books</strong> from the library<br />
of Walter Pagel (1896–1983)<br />
Part II<br />
<strong>Roger</strong> <strong>Gaskell</strong> <strong>Rare</strong> <strong>Books</strong>
Catalogue 42<br />
ROGER GASKELL RARE BOOKS<br />
17 Ramsey Road, Warboys,<br />
Cambridgeshire pe28 2rw, uK<br />
Telephone (+44/0) 1487 823059<br />
Fax (+44/0) 1487 823070<br />
E-mail roger@<strong>Roger</strong><strong>Gaskell</strong>.com<br />
www.<strong>Roger</strong><strong>Gaskell</strong>.com<br />
Cover illustrations are taken from the titlepage of item 75;<br />
the frontispiece is from item 136.
This is the second of two catalogues of books from the library of<br />
Walter Pagel (1896–1983), one of the most influential historians of<br />
science of the twentieth century. The first, Catalogue 41, with a biographical<br />
introduction, described books printed in the fifteenth and<br />
sixteenth centuries; this one, books printed from the seventeenth to the<br />
twentieth centuries. The books reflect Pagel’s major areas of historical<br />
research, centred on the figures of William Harvey (1578–1667), Jean<br />
Baptiste van Helmont (1577–1644) and Paracelsus (1493–1541). Major<br />
themes in this catalogue are alchemy; the Harveian subjects of the<br />
circulation of the blood and theories of generation; and the history of<br />
optics. And, there are works by some of the key figures in the history<br />
of science, including Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Einstein.<br />
Before his death in 1983, Walter Pagel selected from his large library<br />
the rarest, the most valuable, and the most significant books to leave to<br />
his son Bernard Pagel, FRS (1930–2007). These are the books offered<br />
in my two catalogues of the Pagel books. The rest of Walter Pagel’s<br />
library was sold at Sotheby’s in 1984 and his papers were given to the<br />
Wellcome Library.<br />
pagel’s ownership marks<br />
All the books in this catalogue are from the library of Walter Pagel<br />
(1893–1983). Almost all carry the exlibris of his son Bernard Pagel<br />
on a slip of paper pasted to the inside of the upper board, typed or<br />
written in Walter Pagel’s own hand. This he did as he selected books<br />
to leave to his son and segregated them from the rest of the collection<br />
before it was consigned to Sotheby’s. In one case, at an earlier date, he<br />
inscribed a more elaborate dedication: ‘Walter Pagel. d.d.d. Bernardo<br />
E. J. Pagel. MCMLX’ (no. 112). Walter Pagel signed a minority of<br />
his books with his own name, in some cases with a date, and two are<br />
inscribed or initialled with the names of Walter Pagel and his wife<br />
Magdelene (nos 123 and 186). Pagel did not annotate his books, except<br />
for some rare notes on the endleaves or on inserted scraps of paper.
1<br />
ACCADEMIA DEL CIMENTO<br />
Essayes of natural experiments made in the Academie del<br />
Cimento, under the protection of the most serene prince Leopold of<br />
Tuscany. Written in Italian by the secretary of that academy. Englished<br />
by Richard Waller, Fellow of the Royal Society.<br />
London: printed for Benjamin Alsop at the Angel and Bible in the Poultry,<br />
over-against the Church, 1684.<br />
4to: [A] 4 a–b4 B–Z4 (blank Z4), 100 leaves, pp. [24] 164 (i.e. 164,<br />
77–80 repeated) [12] (last 2 pages blank). Order to print on [A]1v.<br />
20 engraved plates: engraved title signed ‘R. Waller delin’ and plates<br />
numbered Tab. 1–19.<br />
229 x 165mm. Some light browning and occasional waterstains.<br />
Binding: Eighteenthcentury panelled sprinkled calf. Old neat repairs<br />
to joints, worn.<br />
Provenance: Inscription on Tab. 15 ‘James Aitkin his book’ in an<br />
eighteenthcentury hand, and note on the same page beginning ‘I do<br />
not Commend your observation...’ perhaps the draft of a letter.<br />
First edition in English of Saggi di naturali esperienze fatte<br />
nell’Accademia del cimento (Florence, 1667). The Royal<br />
Society’s order to print is dated 27 November 1683. Wing<br />
A161; ESTC R6541.<br />
One of the key texts of the scientiWc revolution and of the<br />
greatest importance for the Royal Society of London who<br />
sponsored this translation. The Ac cademia del Cimento was<br />
founded in 1657 – three years before the Royal Society – with the<br />
express purpose of performing experiments to extend the work<br />
of Galileo. The experimental programme was led by Alfonso<br />
Borelli, Vincenzio Viviani and Evangelista Toricelli. The Saggi di<br />
naturali esperienze was compiled by the secretary to the Academy,<br />
Lorenzo Magalotti. The work includes descriptions of the Wrst<br />
true thermometers and hygrometers and classic experiments on<br />
the velocity of sound, radiant heat, phosphorescence, and the<br />
expansion of water on freezing; and most famously Toricelli’s<br />
experiment on the barometer and air pressure.<br />
The Toricellian experiment and the controversy con cerning<br />
the nature of the vacuum was closely connected with the work<br />
of Robert Boyle, whose New Experiments Physico-Mechanicall,<br />
touching the Spring of Air (1660), was the Wrst publication of<br />
the Royal Society. ‘There is no doubt whatever that the New<br />
Experiments was eagerly read in Florence, for some of Boyle’s<br />
pneumatic experiments are referred to in the Saggi’(Middleton<br />
p. 263). unlike the original Italian edition, a lavish folio for<br />
presentation only and not sold through the booktrade, the<br />
translation was a commercial venture, published, Middleton<br />
suggests, because ‘there was an enormous interest in the new
natural philosophy among educated laymen, and nowhere more so than in<br />
England’ (Middleton p. 337).<br />
W. E. Knowles Middleton, The Experimenters, a Study of the Accademia del Cimento<br />
(1971). The Wrst edition is Dibner Heralds of Science 82.<br />
2<br />
AGRICOLA, Georg (1494–1555)<br />
De re metallica libri XII. Quibus oYcia, instrumenta, machinae, ac<br />
omnia denique ad metallicam spectantia... Eiusdem De animantibus<br />
subterraneis liber, ab autore recognitus. Cum indicibus diversis,<br />
quicquid in opere tractatum est, pulchrè demonstrantibus.<br />
Basle: sumtibus itemque typis chalcographicis Ludovici Regis, 1621.<br />
Folio: a6 (–a6, blank), a–z6 A–2A6 (–2A5,6, blanks), 285 of 288 leaves,<br />
pp. [10] 538 (i.e. 502, last two pages misnumbered) [58]. Woodcut on<br />
title, woodcut initials and decorations and numerous woodcuts in the<br />
text.<br />
2 woodcut plates (bound as foldouts at pp. 96 and 100).<br />
316 x 200mm. Titlepage soiled and mounted; moderate foxing and<br />
browning throughout and some light marginal waterstains.<br />
Binding: Recent panelled calf, a little rubbed. Bound for Dr Pagel.<br />
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.<br />
Third edition (Wrst edition 1556, second 1561). VD17 23:297726T;<br />
Hoover 19; Ward and Carozzi 33; Wellcome 69.<br />
De re metallica (1556) was ‘the Wrst systematic treatise on mining and metallurgy<br />
and one of the Wrst technological books of modern times... The De Re Metallica<br />
embraces everything connected with the mining industry and metallurgical<br />
processes, including administration, prospecting, the duties of oYcials and<br />
companies and the manufacture of glass, sulphur and alum.... Some of the<br />
most important sections are those on mechanical engineering and the use<br />
of waterpower, hauling, pumps, ventilation, blowing of furnaces, transport<br />
of ores, etc., showing a very elaborate technique.’ (Printing and the Mind of<br />
Man).<br />
Agricola’s work is justly famous for the magniWcent series of woodcuts of<br />
mining operations and tools, among the best technical illustrations of the<br />
Renaissance. The Wrst edition of De Re Metallica was published shortly after<br />
Agricola’s death and the later editions are all close reprints of the Wrst, the same<br />
woodblocks being used in seven editions up to 1657. Most were apparently<br />
designed by Blasius WeVring whom Agricola had met at Joachimsthal in 1550<br />
(Helmut M. Wilsdorf in DSB who counts 292 woodcuts). Seven of the blocks<br />
are signed with the monogram ‘RMD’ for Rudolf Hans Manuel Deutsch<br />
(1525–1571). It is not clear if either WeVring or Deutsch cut the blocks.<br />
As in the Wrst edition, Agricola’s unillustrated treatise on animals, De<br />
Animantibus Subterraneis, Wrst published in 1549, is appended.<br />
The Wrst edition is Dibner, Heralds of Science 88; Horblit, One Hundred <strong>Books</strong><br />
Famous in Science 2b; Printing and the Mind of Man 79; Sparrow, Milestones of<br />
Science 4; Parkinson, Breakthroughs p. 44.
3<br />
AMMAN, Johann Conrad (1669–1724)<br />
Surdus loquens seu methodus qua, qui surdus natus est, loqui<br />
discere possit.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Henricum Wetstenium, 1692.<br />
8vo: A–C8 D4 (blank D4), 32 leaves, pp. [12] 13–53 [3] (last 2 pages<br />
blank), woodcut device on title.<br />
153 x 92mm. Light browning, single round wormhole in outer margin,<br />
becoming a track at the end of the volume, inner margins of Wrst few<br />
leaves strengthened.<br />
Binding: Recent boards.<br />
Provenance: British Museum with cancelled stamp on verso of title and<br />
shelf mark on recto.<br />
First edition. There were many later editions and an English translation,<br />
The talking deaf man. A method proposed, whereby he who is born deaf,<br />
may learn to speak (London, 1694). Garrison–Morton 3352.<br />
An early treatise on teaching the deaf, particularly interesting for Amman’s<br />
contributions to the development of lipreading.<br />
Amman was born at SchaVhausen in Switzerland and took his MD at Basel<br />
in 1687. He set up in practice at Amsterdam and gained a great reputation. ‘He<br />
was one of the earliest writers on the instruction of the deaf and dumb, and<br />
Wrst called attention to his method in his Surdus loquens (Amsterdam, 1692),<br />
which was often reprinted... His process consisted principally in exciting the<br />
attention of his pupils to the motions of his lips and larynx while he spoke,<br />
and then inducing them to imitate these movements, till he brought them to<br />
repeat distinctly letters, syllables and words’ (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th<br />
edition, i, 859).<br />
The English translation, The talking deaf man (1694) was done by John<br />
Wallis (1616–1703), Savilian Professor of Mathematics at Oxford and a<br />
prominent teacher of deafmutes.<br />
Amman wrote another book on his methods, Dissertatio de loquela (1700).<br />
4<br />
ARNALDuS DE VILLANOVA (d. 1313?)<br />
Omnia, quae exstant opera chymica: videlicet, Thesaurus Thesaurorum:<br />
seu Rosarius Philosophorum: ac omnium secretorum<br />
maximum secretum. Lumen novum. Flos Xorum, & Speculum<br />
alchimiae... Nunc primum ita conjunctim edita, opera & impensis<br />
Heironymi Megiseri.<br />
Frankfurt: Typis Ioachimi Bratheringii; [part 2:] Ex oYcina typographica<br />
Matthiae Beckeri, 1603.<br />
8vo: A–G8 H4 ; 2A–E8 , 100 leaves, pp. 120; 80. Dated titlepage to<br />
second part, ‘Speculum alchimiae’; Xeuron borders to both titlepages.<br />
Wellcome 484; Krivatsy 406; Ferguson, I, p. 43.
[bound with:]<br />
PARACELSuS<br />
Libri quinque de causis, signis & curationibus morborum<br />
ex tartaro utilissimi. Opera et industria nobilis viri Adami a<br />
Bodenstein... Basileae, per Petrum Pernam. 1563.<br />
Basle: Peter Perna, 1563<br />
8vo: 8<br />
* a–r8 (–blanks r7,8), 142 of 144 leaves, pp. [16] 265 [3] (last<br />
page blank).<br />
SudhoV 54; Ferguson, Paracelsus 51; VD16 P711.<br />
[and:]<br />
PARACELSuS<br />
Libri XIIII. Paragraphorum... nunc primum à doctore Toxite in<br />
communem utilitatem integritati restituti, latinisq[ue] explicationibus<br />
qua Weri potuit diligentia, at[que] studio illustrati... Argentorati apud<br />
Christianum Mylium. [Colophon:] Argentorati Excudebat Christianus<br />
Mylius, in foro frumentario. Anno M.D. LXXV.<br />
Strasbourg: Christian Müller, 1575.<br />
8vo: a–c8 A–M8 , 120 leaves, pp. [48] 191 [1]. Colophon on last page<br />
with printer’s device.<br />
First Latin edition, an expanded version of Dreyzehen Bücher... Eremite<br />
Paragraphorum (4to, 48 leaves, Basle, 1571). SudhoV 160; VD16 P517.<br />
150 x 87mm. Item 1: shoulder notes shaved; titlepage border of second<br />
part cropped. Item 3: shoulder notes shaved; marginal repairs to a5<br />
and a6, touching a few letters; colophon leaf stained and strengthened.<br />
Light browning to all three works.<br />
Binding: Later seventeenthcentury vellum boards, red edges.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary signature ‘W. Zinn’ on title of the third<br />
work; nineteenth century signature ‘Kohler’ on endleaf.<br />
1. Arnaldi, Omnia, quae exstant opera chymica. First collected edition of<br />
Arnaldus’ alchemical works.<br />
Sarton notes that most of the many alchemical treatises ascribed to Arnold<br />
are probably apocryphal. The ‘Thesaurus thesaurorum, Rosarius philosophorum’<br />
is the most extensive and survives in a large number of manuscripts and<br />
must have been very popular. The collection also contains the ‘Novum lumen’<br />
and ‘Perfectum magisterium et gaudium... quod quidem est Flos Xorum’ and<br />
the ‘Speculum alchymiae’ (with its own titlepage) which is a dialogue between<br />
a master and his pupil. (Sarton, II, p. 896, works 57, 58, 59 and 64.) The<br />
‘Speculum alchimiae’ was Wrst published at Frankfurt, by Romanus Beatus in<br />
the previous year, an entirely diVerent edition according to Ferguson.<br />
2. Paracelsus, Libri quinque de causis, signis & curationibus morborum ex tartaro<br />
utilissimi (1563).<br />
This concerns Paracelsus’ concept of ‘tartarous diseases’ caused by deposits<br />
of salts of tartar in the joints and other parts of the body, rather than an<br />
imbalance of humours. He had Wrst advanced this theory in De Morbis Tartereis
(1531). This was the Wrst suggestion of a chemical or metabolic cause for any<br />
disease. According to Paracelsus, the cause of this build up of the salts was<br />
the inability of certain individuals to metabolise the tartar. At the same time<br />
there might be external factors, such as the water supply and Paracelsus noted<br />
that in Switzerland there was no gout, no colic, no rheumatism and no stone.<br />
It is now known that the cause of gout is the accumulation of uric acid in the<br />
blood and the deposit of sodium biurate in the tissues: Paracelsus’ suggestion<br />
of a chemical cause and of an ‘inborn error of metabolism’ (in Archibald<br />
Garrod’s phrase) was extraodinary – and had little inXuence till much later.<br />
(Copeman pp. 3 and 52–3).<br />
Pagel owned another copy of this work, bound with Paracelsus, Libri<br />
V de vita longa (1566, see my Catalogue 41, no. 83) in which he noted: ‘In this<br />
volume the discovery of sedimentation of protein by acid e.g. in urine is set out<br />
on p. 217 in the second work – on Tartarus. W.P. See my Paracelsus p. 161’.<br />
Henry Maximilian Pachter, Paracelsus; Magic into Science (1951); W. S. C.<br />
Copemen, A Short History of the Gout, (1964).<br />
3. Paracelsus, Libri XIIII. Paragraphorum (1575).<br />
Descriptions of ‘perfect and true cures’ by Paracelsus to many diYcult<br />
diseases.<br />
5<br />
ASHMOLE, Elias (1617–1692)<br />
Theatrum chemicum Britannicum containing severall poeticall<br />
pieces of our famous English Philosophers, who have written the<br />
Hermetique Mysteries in their owne ancient language. Faithfully<br />
collected into one volume, with annotations thereon, by Elias Ashmole,<br />
Esq. Qui est Mercuriophilus Anglicus. The Wrst part.<br />
London: printed by J. Grismond for Nath: Brooke, at the Angel in<br />
Cornhill, 1652.<br />
4to: A–3R 4 (–3R4) 3S 4 , 255 leaves, pp. [16] 486 (281–4 omitted,<br />
289–92 repeated) [8]. Title printed in red and black with engraved<br />
device; 12 engravings printed in the text (6 full page), mostly signed<br />
‘Ro: Vaughan sculp’; woodcut on p. 212, repeated on p. 379; woodcut<br />
initials, typographic decorations.<br />
Folding plate ‘Here followeth the Figure conteyning all the secrets of<br />
the Treatise both great and small’ facing p. 116.<br />
184 x 140mm. A few headlines shaved, foot of Z4 remargined;<br />
titlepage lightly soiled, light foxing; a good large and fresh copy with<br />
strong impressions of the plates.<br />
Binding: Nineteenthcentury crushed blue morocco, gilt panelled<br />
sides, gilt spine, marbled endleaves, gilt edges. Joints rubbed and<br />
upper joint starting to crack but sound.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary or early inscription on title ‘Ex libris H.<br />
Cobb [£0]–6[s]–6[d]’ and one or two early marginal annotations;<br />
nineteenthcentury bookplate ‘Nathan of Churt’ and another<br />
bookplate of a baron’s coronet with no lettering.
First edition, Wrst issue, without the additional errata leaf and<br />
‘hieroglyphic’ plate. The collation agrees with the Thomason copy,<br />
received on 4 February. Wing A3987; ESTC R205904; Krivatsy 449;<br />
Duveen p. 31; Neu 146; Neville, I, p. 47; Manly Hall Collection 29;<br />
Mellon 101; Pritchard 80.<br />
The most important English alchemical text (Duveen) and one of the key<br />
sources for the history of alchemy (ODNB). It is a collection of alchemical<br />
poems in English, gathered together and annotated by Ashmole. Many of<br />
these had previously only circulated in manuscript. Ashmole’s introduction<br />
demonstrates his wide reading and understanding of alchemy. His aim was to<br />
draw attention to the achievements of English alchemists and to supplement<br />
the massive compilation of European texts in the Theatrum chemicum (1602–<br />
1661, see below no. 178).<br />
Since this copy agrees with the Thomason copy and Thomason generally<br />
acquired his books immediately on publication, I have assumed that this copy<br />
respresents the form in which it was originally issued. It ends with an errata<br />
list for the whole work (3S4v). Some copies however have an additional leaf<br />
of errata to the annotations (pp. 437–486) and an additional engraved plate.<br />
This additional plate, found in only a few copies, is a reworked state of the<br />
frontispiece by Thomas Cross to Arthur Dee’s Fasciculus chemicus (1650)<br />
which was translated by Ashmole. In the reworked state the imprint has<br />
been replaced by the words ‘Fraximus in silvis pulcherrima, Talpa in Terris<br />
operasissima’. Below this, in both states, are 4 lines of verse beginning ‘These<br />
Hieroglyphicks vaile the Vigorous Beames...’ (hence the plate is often referred<br />
to as the ‘hieroglyphic plate’).<br />
Leaf 3R4 is always absent; many copies also lack the folding plate at p. 116,<br />
probably due to later attrition.<br />
6<br />
BACON, <strong>Roger</strong> (1214?–1294)<br />
De arte chymiae scripta cui accesserunt opuscula alia eiusdem<br />
authoris.<br />
Frankfurt: typis Ioannis Saurii, sumptibus Ioannis Theobaldi<br />
Schönwetteri, 1603.<br />
12mo: A–R8 , 204 leaves, pp. 408. Woodcut decoration on title.<br />
132 x 76mm. Very light paper discolouration. A good fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum, blind ruled borders, red edges.<br />
Slightly soiled.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary or early list of contents on free endleaf in<br />
a neat hand, running numbers in the margins, and about 20 words of<br />
annotation.<br />
First edition. Later reissued as Thesaurus chemicus, Frankfurt, 1620 with<br />
the Wrst 24 pages reset. Ferguson I, p. 63; Duveen p. 38; Neu 180;<br />
Neville I, p. 60; Wellcome 620.<br />
The Wrst collection of Bacon’s alchemical works and the Wrst printing of each<br />
of these seven short works. Sarton remarks that ‘the best proof of Bacon’s
eclipse is the absence of incunabula editions, and the rarity of sixteenthcentury<br />
ones and translations’.<br />
The collection comprises the following tracts:<br />
Excerpta ex libro sexto scientiarium (p. 7).<br />
Excerpta de libro Avicennae I. De maiorem Alcimia (p. 17).<br />
Breviarium de dono Dei (p. 95).<br />
Verbum abbreviatum de leone viridi (p. 264).<br />
Secretum secretorum naturae de laude lapidis philosophorum (p. 285).<br />
Tractatus trium verborum (p. 292).<br />
Speculum secretorum (p. 387).<br />
Prior to this collection, the only works by Bacon, genuine or not, to have<br />
been published were, Speculum alchemiae (Nuremburg 1541); Epistola de<br />
secretis (Paris 1542); De consideratione quintae essentiae (Basle, 1561) and De<br />
retardandis senectutis accidentibus et de sensibus conservandis (Oxford, 1590).<br />
Bacon was probably born near Ilchester, Somerset, and studied and lectured<br />
at Oxford and then Paris, where he was a pioneer in teaching Aristotle’s<br />
natural philosophy. He was strongly inXuenced by Robert Grosseteste and<br />
the Franciscan school at Oxford. He returned to Oxford but in 1257 was<br />
sent back to Paris by the Franciscans, whose order he had entered. In Paris<br />
he wrote the Opus majus, his most important work, not published until 1733.<br />
Bacon Wnally returned to Oxford and by tradition died there. Bacon’s skill<br />
in experimental science and mechanical invention was so great that, like his<br />
contemporaries Michael Scot and Albertus Magnus, he gained a reputation<br />
as a magician (see Ferguson, i, p. 65).<br />
Sarton, II, p. 963.<br />
7<br />
BAER, Karl Ernst von (1792–1876)<br />
Über Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere Beobachtung und<br />
ReXexion.<br />
Königsberg: bei den Gebrüdern Bornträger (colophons: Halle, gedruckt in<br />
der Gebauerschen Buchdruckerei), 1828–37.<br />
2 volumes in 1, 4to, pp. xxii [2] 266 [267–8] 269–271 [1]; [4] 315 [1].<br />
A few diagrams in the text, and a printed table on p. [267], [268]<br />
blank. without vol ii, Part. 2, 1888.<br />
A folding table at vol. I, p. 225 and 7 engraved plates, the Wrst 4 hand<br />
coloured, numbered Taf: I–III; IV–VII, V. signed ‘F. Lehmann Sc’, VI<br />
signed ‘W. Linger jun. sc.’, VII signed ‘W. Linger fec. Berlin’ (bound<br />
at the end of each volume).<br />
249 x 205mm. Plate numbers and signatures on last two plates shaved;<br />
plates foxed.<br />
Binding: Later nineteenthcentury cloth (Cambridge Binding Guild).<br />
Shelflabel removed from spine.<br />
Provenance: Zoological Laboratory, Cambridge, Balfour Library<br />
with bookplate and library stamps on endleaves and titlepage, with<br />
withdrawn stamps.
First edition. The second volume (not present here) was left unWnished<br />
by Baer, and published posthumously in 1888, edited by Ludwig<br />
Stieda. Garrison–Morton 479; McLean Evans, Epochal achievements<br />
105; Horblit One Hundred <strong>Books</strong> Famous in Science 9a; Printing and<br />
the Mind of Man 288b; Norman Library 101; Wellcome II, p. 84 (all<br />
including the Wnal part).<br />
Baer’s great treatise on vertebrate development from conception to birth is<br />
one of the great classics of medicine, for which he as been called ‘the father of<br />
modern embryology’ (Garrison–Morton). Baer Wrst announced his discovery<br />
of the human ovum in De ovi mammalium et hominis genesi (Leipzig, 1827).<br />
‘Entwickelungsgeschichte was the key word in his title and his thought;<br />
his great contribution rested on his ability to envisage the organism as a<br />
historical entity, as a being that undergoes observable change during its life.<br />
He described the development of vertebrates from conception to hatching or<br />
birth. Baer observed the formation of the germ layers and described the way in<br />
which they formed various organs by tubulation, and he knew this to be more<br />
or less similar in all vertebrates. Even more important, he emphasized that<br />
development is epigenetic, that it proceeds from the apparently homogeneous<br />
to the strikingly heterogeneous, from the general to the special. The old idea,<br />
long disputed, that embryonic parts might be preformed in the egg was no<br />
longer tenable after Baer’s work.’ (Jane Oppenheimer, DSB, I:387.)<br />
8<br />
BAER, Karl Ernst von (1792–1876)<br />
Untersuchungen über die Entwickelungsgeschichte der Fische,<br />
nebst einem anhange über die schwimmblase.<br />
Leipzig: bei Fridrich Christian Wilhelm Vogel, 1835.<br />
4to, pp. [6] 52. Woodengraved diagrams in the text.<br />
1 engraved plate, partly hand coloured, signed ‘Burow. del. F.<br />
Lehmann sc’.<br />
282 x 228mm. Text and plate foxed.<br />
Binding: Later nineteenthcentury boards. Spine chipped.<br />
First edition.<br />
A monograph on the embryology of Wsh and the development of the air<br />
bladder.<br />
9<br />
BARTHOLIN, Caspar (1655–1738) and Thomas (1618–80); Jan de<br />
WALE (1604–49); SYLVIuS, Franciscus de le Boë (1614–72)<br />
Institutiones anatomicae, novis recentiorum opinionibus &<br />
observationibus, quarum innumerae hactenus editae non sunt, Wguris<br />
que auctae ab auctoris Wlio Thoma Bartholino.<br />
Leiden: apud Franciscum Hackium, 1641.
8vo: 3 8<br />
* 4* 8 A–2B8 2C8 (2C5+6) 2D–2K8 2L6 , 286 leaves, pp. [20]<br />
408 [12] 409–496 [44]. Engraved titlepage with portraits surrounding<br />
the title and anatomical engravings printed on 70 pages; woodcut<br />
headpieces and initials.<br />
8 folding engraved plates.<br />
181 x 113mm. First folding plate cropped at the foot; a few light stains;<br />
a good fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary calf, double gilt Wlet borders to sides and spine<br />
compartments, central tool in each compartment, lettered direct in<br />
second compartment. Rebacked with the original spine laid down;<br />
front free endleaf removed.<br />
Provenance: Nineteenthcentury signature ‘C. Mauvezin’ and notes on<br />
pastedown in the same hand.<br />
Second edition, enlarged by Thomas Bartholin (Wrst edition Anatomicae<br />
institutiones, Wittenberg 1611). Another edition was published by Hack<br />
in 1645. Garrison–Morton 1377.3; Krivatsy 735; Wellcome II, p. 106;<br />
Keynes, Harvey p. 120.<br />
Thomas Bartholin’s important revision of his father’s textbook is notable for<br />
recognising the work of Aselli and Harvey. It incorporates Sylvius’ original<br />
observations and illustrations of the brain and Wale’s experiments in support<br />
of Harvey. It was the Wrst edition to be illustrated.<br />
‘In this revision of his father’s anatomical treatise, Thomas Bartholin<br />
(1616–80) included the Wrst depiction of the Wssure of Sylvius, the lateral<br />
cerebral Wssure, and the only part of the surface of the cerebral hemispheres to<br />
be given a name between 1641 and the 19th century. Sylvius (Franciscus de Le<br />
Boë, 1614–72) made his neurological observations in 1637 but did not publish<br />
until 1663. He collaborated with Bartholin on the above work, publishing in<br />
it ten illustrations of the brain after his own drawings.’ (Garrison–Morton).<br />
The book is profusely illustrated with 79 engravings (71 printed in the text<br />
on 70 pages and 8 on folded plates), mostly adapted from other anatomical<br />
works. However the ten Wne engravings of the brain drawn by Sylvius appear<br />
here for the Wrst time.<br />
The two letters by Jan de Wale reporting his experiment in support of<br />
Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of the blood, addressed to Thomas<br />
Bartholin, are printed here for the Wrst time and were reprinted in the Padua,<br />
1643 edition and subsequent editions of De motu cordis. Bibliographical<br />
analysis of the book reveals that the second letter was composed after the rest<br />
of the book had been set: this must be the explanation for the interpolated<br />
6 leaf section in signature 2C. The Wrst letter, ‘Epistola Johannis Walaei de<br />
motu sanguinis’ is printed on 2B1–2C5, pp. 385–408; the second on the added<br />
leaves as ‘Altera epistola Johannis Walaei de motu sanguinis’ and there is<br />
an instruction at the foot of the Wrst page ‘Haec Epistola inserenda est inter<br />
pag. 408 & 409’.<br />
Caspar Bartholin matriculated at the university of Copenhagen in 1603 but<br />
the following year transferred to Wittenberg where he studied philosophy and<br />
theology for three years. He then travelled extensively in Europe and began<br />
to study medicine during a stay in Leiden. In 1607 he went to Basle where he<br />
lectured and worked with Felix Platter, Gaspard Bauhin, and Jacob Zwinger.
From 1608–1610 Bartholin was in Italy and studied and performed dissections<br />
with Girolamo Fabrizio (Fabricius of Aquapendente) and Casserius, assisting<br />
the latter with the engravings for his work on the sense organs, Pentaestheseion.<br />
His extensive collaboration with these great anatomists made his anatomical<br />
textbook one of the most uptodate available when it was Wrst published<br />
in 1611. In that year he returned to Denmark and was made professor of<br />
medicine at Copenhagen in 1613.<br />
10<br />
BARTHOLIN, Thomas (1616–1680)<br />
4 works bound in 1 volume.<br />
1. Cista medica Hafniensis variis consiliis, curationibus, casibus<br />
rarioribus, vitis medicorum Hafniensium, aliisq[ue] ad rem medicam,<br />
anatomicam, botanicam & chymicam spectantibus reserta. Accedit<br />
eiusdem domus anatomica brevissime descripta.<br />
Copenhagen: typis Matthiae Godicchenii. Impensis Petri Hauboldi Bibl.,<br />
1662.<br />
8vo: a8 b2 A–D8 A–2R8 2S6 , 358 leaves, pp. [20] 62 645 [7]. Engraved<br />
frontispiece on a1, engraved title on a8 (bound before a2), divisional<br />
title on A1 with woodcut device, woodcut initials, a few woodcuts of<br />
medals in the text.<br />
Krivatsy 796.<br />
2. Responsio de experimentis anatomicis Bilsianis et diYcili<br />
hepatis resurrectione, ad clarissimum virum Nicolaum Zas.<br />
Copenhagen: apud Petrum Haubold, 1661.<br />
8vo: a–b8 c4 , 20 leaves, pp. 40. Woodcut device on title.<br />
Krivatsy 840.<br />
3. Dissertatio anatomica de hepate defuncto novis Bilsianorum<br />
observationibus opposita.<br />
Copenhagen: excudebat Christian Wering. Acad. Typ. sumptibus<br />
Petri Haublodi, 1661<br />
8vo: A–E8 F2 , 40 leaves, pp. 84. Woodcut device on title.<br />
Krivatsy 828.<br />
4. De pulmonum substantia & motu diatribe. Accedunt Cl. V.<br />
Marcelli Malpighii de Pulmonibus observationes anatomicae.<br />
Copenhagen: typis Henrici Gödiani R. & Ac. Typ. Prostant apud P.<br />
Hauboldum, 1663.<br />
8vo: a4 A–H8 I4 , 72 leaves, pp. [8] 107 (i.e. 127) [9]. Woodcut device<br />
on title. 2 engraved plates.<br />
Frati 11; Krivatsy 818; LeFanu, Notable Medical <strong>Books</strong> 73.<br />
157 x 95mm. Light paper discolouration.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards with yapp fore edges, blind<br />
ruled borders to sides and spine bands, green page edges.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary inscription on engraved title of Wrst work:<br />
‘Sum Pauli Christiani Heilmanni’.<br />
First editions.<br />
A Wne volume containing four works by Thomas Bartholin, the last of which<br />
contains Malpighi’s discovery of the capillaries in the lungs. These works were<br />
all published by Peder Haubold. It is quite likely therefore that this volume<br />
was sold as it is, ready bound.<br />
1. Cista medica Hafniensis (1662). The frontispiece shows exterior and interior<br />
views of the anatomy theatre at Copenhagen, described in the Wrst 62 page<br />
section of the text, together with a catalogue of the museum. Bartholin is<br />
credited with bringing Paduan anatomy to Denmark. The rest of the book is<br />
a medical miscellany with details of Bartholin’s practice and other material<br />
culled from his archives.<br />
2. Responsio de experimentis anatomicis Bilsianis (1661). 3. Dissertatio anatomica<br />
de hepate defuncto novis Bilsianorum observationibus opposita (1661). These<br />
two pamphlets are part of the dispute with Lodewijk de Bils (1623?–1669)<br />
over the lymphatic system, discovered by Bartholin in 1652 but still exciting<br />
controversy.<br />
4. De pulmonum substantia & motu diatribe (1663). This includes the second<br />
printing of Malpighi’s work on the lungs. In the form of two letters to Giovanni<br />
Alfonso Borelli, this was Wrst published in two pamphlets in 1661.<br />
‘Bartholin immediately recognized the signiWcance of Malpighi’s work<br />
on the lungs, De pulmonibus (Bologna, 1661) – not least because it provided<br />
the Wrst account and illustration of the capillaries, the link between arteries<br />
and veins hypothesized by Harvey as a requirement of a systemic circulation<br />
of the blood and now proved to exist. Consequently, he included these two<br />
celebrated letters in De pulmonum substantia et motu (1663), their second<br />
publication in Europe.’ (C. D. O’Malley, DSB I:483.)<br />
‘With the recognition of a vascular passage connecting the arterial and<br />
venous circulations, rational opposition to Harvey’s theory was no longer<br />
possible’ (Grolier One Hundred <strong>Books</strong> Famous in Medicine 30, citing the Wrst<br />
edition).<br />
11<br />
BARTHOLIN, Thomas (1616–1680)<br />
De pulmonum substantia & motu diatribe. Accedunt Cl. V.<br />
Marcelli Malpighii de Pulmonibus observationes anatomicae.<br />
Copenhagen: typis Henrici Gödiani R. & Ac. Typ. Prostant apud<br />
P. Hauboldum, 1663.<br />
8vo: a 4 A–H 8 I 4 , 72 leaves, pp. [8] 107 (i.e. 127) [9]. Woodcut device<br />
on title.<br />
1 leaf of plates with two engraved images printed from a single plate<br />
and numbered Tab. I–II.
154 x 95mm. Fore margin of title torn away and restored without loss;<br />
fore margin of E3 defective, apparently an original paper Xaw, with<br />
loss of several letters; headlines cropped; paper slightly discoloured.<br />
Binding: Later paper covered boards.<br />
First edition, containing the second edition of Malpighi, De pulmonibus<br />
observatio, Bologna 1661. Another edition was published at Leiden in<br />
1672. Frati 11; Krivatsy 818; LeFanu, Notable Medical <strong>Books</strong> p. 73.<br />
Bartholin’s work containing Malpighi’s discovery of the capillaries in the lungs.<br />
This copy of this small pamphlet has been extracted from a bound volume of<br />
pamphlets. It could have been in a volume assembled by the publisher, like the<br />
one described above, or one put together by a contemporary or later owner,<br />
but now lacks any evidence of its original context or provenance.<br />
The Wrst edition is Norman, One Hundred <strong>Books</strong> Famous in Medicine 30.<br />
12<br />
BASILIuS VALENTINuS<br />
Letztes testament... Darinnen die Geheime Bücher vom Grossen<br />
Stein der uralten Weisen, und andern verbergenen Geheimnüssen<br />
der Natur. Auß dem Original, so zu ErVurt zu dem hohen Alter,<br />
unter einem Marmorsteinen TäZein gefunden, nachgeschrieben: und<br />
nummehr auV vielfältiges begehren, den Wliis doctrinae zu gutem,<br />
neben angehengten XII. Schlusseln.<br />
Strasbourg: in verlägung Caspari Dietzels, 1651.<br />
8vo: )( 8 A–T 8 u 4 (blank u4), 164 leaves, pp. xvi 248 a–q [2] 252–264<br />
[4] aa–tt, 256–271, [2] (last 2 pages blank). Sectional titlepages on H2,<br />
L1, R6 and S6; woodcut printer’s device on main title and another on<br />
the sectional titles on L1 and R6; a woodcut of a still on S6; an etched<br />
illustration of a distillation Xask on Q7.<br />
[part ii:]<br />
Von dem grossen Stein der Uhralten, daran so viel tausend Meister<br />
anfangs der Welt hero gemacht haben: Neben angehängten Tractätlein,<br />
derer Inhalt nach der Vorrede zu Wnden.<br />
Strasbourg: in verlägung Caspari Dietzels, 1651.<br />
8vo: a–l8 , 84 leaves, pp. [8] 156 [4], 18 engraved illustrations (1 on title<br />
and 16 in the text).<br />
157 x 90mm. Round wormholes through the text of the Wrst few<br />
gatherings; paper browned, quite heavily in some gatherings.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards with yapp edges. Lower joint<br />
torn at the head, worm holes in upper joint.<br />
Provenance: Twentiethcentury bookplate with initials ‘W.M.’.<br />
Second Dietzel edition (Wrst 1645 without the second part; the Letztes<br />
testament was Wrst printed in 1626 and Von dem grossen Stein in<br />
1599). The two parts are generally catalogued separately (and have<br />
been broken up by bookdealers in the past, as is clear from an E. P.
Goldschmidt catalogue clipping of 1964 laid in) but they form a single<br />
bibliograhpical entity. VD17 12:132738W and 12:132742G.<br />
The ‘Last Testament’ is a work on mining, mineralogy and chemistry. Von dem<br />
grossen Stein describes the ‘twelve keys’ for preparing the philosopher’s stone<br />
and is illustrated with a Wne series of alegorical engravings. ‘This traditional<br />
book of alchemical symbolism became one of the most frequently reprinted<br />
treatises of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries’ (Neville i, p. 91).<br />
Partington sourly notes that ‘After “Geber”, “Basil Valentine” probably<br />
represents the literary forgery which has misled and perplexed chemists for<br />
the longest period. Both have been regarded as outstanding Wgures and if<br />
they had lived in the times formerly ascribed to them, their supposed works<br />
would have been important.’ Nevertheless, he earnestly attempts to separate<br />
fact from Wction. Ferguson more entertainingly states the diYculties of such<br />
an enterprise: ‘Whether Basilius Valentinus was a real person or not, whether<br />
he was a Benedictine monk at Erfurt or at Walkenried or not, whether he was<br />
a Benedictine monk at all or not, whether he was a native of Alsace or not,<br />
whether he Xourished in 1413 or 1493, or in both, or neither, whether his works<br />
had been hidden and were afterwards discovered by a Xash of lightning or not,<br />
whether they were by him or by his editor Thölde or Thölden, whether they<br />
are all genuine or some are by other writers, whether Paracelsus copied him<br />
or he Paracelsus, whether the works are not really by Paracelsus, whether the<br />
name Basilius Valentinus is not made up and may even denote the Alchemical<br />
mystery itself – are questions which have been debated and some of which<br />
have been provisionally answered, but all of which are still open to discussion,<br />
if only fresh data would come to light. Even a partial answer to any one of<br />
them could not be despised; because since the writings contain apparently<br />
Wrst notices of a good many chemical reactions and products, it would be<br />
satisfactory to have the date of these settled once for all and assigned to the<br />
proper authority’. (Ferguson, i, p. 81).<br />
Partington, ii, pp. 183–203; Read, Prelude, pp. 193–211.<br />
13<br />
BEAuMONT, William (1785–1853)<br />
Experiments and observations on the gastric juice, and the<br />
physiology of digestion.<br />
Plattsburgh, NY: printed by F. P. Allen, 1833.<br />
8vo, pp. [1–9] 10–280, 3 woodengraved illustrations printed in the text.<br />
208 x 130mm. Some moderate foxing.<br />
Binding: Rebound in later nineteenthcentury half black morocco,<br />
marbled paper sides. Joints and corners rubbed.<br />
Provenance: Inscription on pastedown ‘Property of John E. Burton,<br />
Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, 1894’ (John E. Burton (1847–19??),<br />
Wisconsin iron baron and book collector, see Gillian M. Krezoski,<br />
From Boom to Bust: John E. Burton and the Northern Wisconsin Iron<br />
Mines, 1885–1887, BA Thesis 2007, http://minds.wisconsin.edu/<br />
handle/1793/8519); bookplate of Eli Moschcowitz (1879–1964, see
Garrison–Morton 2715) pasted over Burton inscription (now lifted);<br />
pencil inscription on title ‘Geo[?] Gunnell’.<br />
First edition. GarrisonMorton 989; Horblit, One Hundred <strong>Books</strong> Famous<br />
in Science 10; Dibner, Heralds of Science 130; Sparrow, Milestones of<br />
Science 19; LeFanu, Notable Medical <strong>Books</strong> in the Lilly Library, p. 185;<br />
Norman Library 153; Wellcome II, p. 123.<br />
This famous book records Beaumont’s remarkable series of observations on<br />
the chemistry of digestion. These were the Wrst experiments on the stomach<br />
enzymes and the movements of the stomach in a living person. They were<br />
made possible by an accident in which a stomach wound to the French<br />
Canadian fur trapper, Alexis St Martin, healed to form a permanent Wstula.<br />
This allowed Beaumont to take samples of the stomach contents over a<br />
period of time.<br />
‘In the eighteenthcentury Réamur and Spallanzani had shown digestion<br />
to be a chemical process. Nevertheless, a good deal of confusion prevailed<br />
concerning various aspects of the digestive process in the stomach; it is to<br />
Beaumont that we owe the clariWcaion of this subject. The results of his<br />
investigations attracted the attention of the scientiWc world, and within a short<br />
time gained admission to the literature dealing with the stomach’. (George<br />
Rosen, DSB 2:543.)<br />
The book is remarkable in other ways too: Beaumont, the son of a<br />
Connecticut farmer, was largely self taught, became an army surgeon, and<br />
Wnally a respected general practitioner. This is one of the earliest important<br />
medical books printed in the united States, and in an unusually large edition<br />
of 3000 copies according to the publisher’s preface to the second edition of<br />
1847 (though Beaumont himself referred to an edition of 1000 copies in a<br />
letter dated 3 December 1833 cited by Norman). Some copies of the Wrst<br />
edition were reissued in 1834 with a cancel title with the imprint of Lilly,<br />
Wait & Co., Boston, and a German translation was published in the same<br />
year (see next item).<br />
The book was originally issued in plain papercovered boards backed in<br />
brown muslin with a printed paper label on the spine.<br />
14<br />
BEAuMONT, William (1785–1853)<br />
Neue Versuche und Beobachtungen über den Magensaft und die<br />
Physiologie der Verdauung... Aus dem Englischen.<br />
Leipzig: Bei Christian Ernst Kollmann, 1834.<br />
8vo, pp. vi, 222.<br />
3 lithographed plates with letterpress captions (bound at the end).<br />
205 x 122mm.<br />
Binding: Contemporary pastepaper boards. Worn.<br />
Provenance: Library stamp on title, unidentiWed. With a postcard from<br />
Allen Debus to Walter Pagel dated 13 August 1972 laid in, noting<br />
that ‘Neal Watson should have the Wrst volume of the Festschrift in<br />
London next month’.
First German edition, a translation of Experiments and observations on the<br />
gastric juice, and the physiology of digestion (Plattsburgh, NY, 1833) by<br />
Bernhard Luden ‘prakt. Arzt in NewYork’.<br />
‘The publication of Beaumont’s book created considerable interest among<br />
European scientists and physicians, and in general was favourably received.<br />
A German translation was published at Leipzig in 1834, and at about the<br />
same time, the American edition was noted in the English, German, and<br />
French literature. The most signiWcant response came from Germany, where<br />
Beaumont’s experiments inXuenced various investigators, among them<br />
Johannes Müller, Theodor Schwann, and J. B. Purkinje’. (George Rosen,<br />
DSB 2:543).<br />
15<br />
BENZENBERG, Johann Friedrich (1777–1846)<br />
Versuche über das Gesetz des Falls, über den Widerstand der<br />
Luft und über die umdrehung der Erde, nebst der Geschichte aller<br />
früheren Versuche von Galiläi bis auf Guglielmini.<br />
Dortmund: bey den Gebrüden Mallinckrodt, 1804.<br />
8vo, pp. xii, 432, 432ah, [433]–542 [2].<br />
Engraved titlepage (with illustration) and 8 plates, comprising a frontispiece,<br />
unnumbered (conjugate with the engraved title and printed from<br />
a single plate), and plates II–VIII printed on blue tinted paper.<br />
202 x 125mm.<br />
Binding: Contemporary boards. Sides<br />
rubbed, spine ends and corners heavily<br />
worn.<br />
Provenance: Printed and MS shelf labels on<br />
spine; contemporary signature and stamp<br />
on title (undeciphered).<br />
First edition. Honeyman 279.<br />
Benzenberg’s experiments with falling spheres<br />
demonstrated the rotation of the earth Wfty<br />
years before Foucault with his pendulum. He<br />
measured the displacement toward the east of<br />
falling lead spheres in the tower of the Michaelis<br />
Church in Hamburg in 1802, and in a mine shaft<br />
in Schlebusch, 1804. (Bernhard Sticker, DSB<br />
1:616–7.) The two sites are illustrated on the<br />
titlepage opening, the church on the frontispiece<br />
and the mine shaft on the titlepage.
16<br />
BLuMENBACH, Johann Friedrich (1752–1840); Ignaz Edler von<br />
BORN (1742–1791; Caspar Friedrich WOLFF (1733–1794)<br />
Zwo Abhandlungen über die Nutritionskraft welche von der<br />
Kayserlichen Academie der Wißenschaften in St. Petersburg den Preis<br />
getheilt erhalten haben. Die erste von Herrn Hofrath Blumenbach, die<br />
zwote von Herrn Prof. Born. Nebst einer fernern Erläuterung eben<br />
derselben Materie, von C. F. WolV.<br />
St Petersburg: gedruckt bey die Kayserl. Akademie der Wißenschaften,<br />
1789.<br />
4to: A–H4 ; A–L4 M–N2 (–N2, presumed blank), 79 of 80 leaves,<br />
pp. 63 [1]; 94.<br />
lacking the engraved plate to blumenbach’s text.<br />
295 x 220, untrimmed and partially unopened.<br />
Binding: Early nineteenthcentury blue paper covered boards, old<br />
reback. Head of spine torn. A stipple engraved portrait of Blumenbach<br />
by Ball after Grimm is bound in as a frontispiece.<br />
Provenance: William Lister, with engraved booklabel ‘Dr. Lister,<br />
Lincoln’s Inn Fields’ (see below).<br />
First edition.<br />
Two papers responding to the prize question on plant nutrition set by the St<br />
Petersburg Academy of Sciences for 1782 and resubmitted in 1788. There<br />
is an appendix by WolV, the larger second section of the book, ‘Von der<br />
eigenthümlichen und wesentlichen Kraft der vegetabilischen sowohl als auch<br />
der animalischen Substanz.’ This is cited as a separate item in Gaissinovitch’s<br />
DSB article, but it was not published independently.<br />
This was a crucial period in the history of the theories of plant nutrition,<br />
begun by Ingenhousz’s discovery of photosynthesis (1779) but only fully<br />
developed when Lavoisier’s new chemistry was assimilated. This is discussed<br />
by Sachs (History of Botany, 1890, pp. 494), though he does not mention these<br />
prize essays on the subject.<br />
WolV is a key Wgure in the history of botany, the Wrst since Malpighi and<br />
Grew to devote attention to plant anatomy. His Theoria Generationis (1759,<br />
see below, no. 190V), which established the theory of epigenesis, laid the<br />
foundation of our understanding of the development of plant cells.<br />
William Lister (1757?– 1830), the former (perhaps Wrst) owner of this copy<br />
took his MD at Edinburgh in 1781. He settled in London and was physician to<br />
St Thomas’ Hospital. He was a good classical scholar. (Munk II, pp329–7).<br />
17<br />
BOERHAAVE, Hermann (1668–1738)<br />
Abregé de la théorie chymique. Tiré des propres écrits de M.<br />
Boerhaave. Par M. de la Metrie. Auquel on a joint le Traité du Vertige,<br />
par le même.
Paris: chez Antoine-Claude Briasson, 1741.<br />
12mo: p4 (–p1) A–2A8,4 2B8 , 155 of 156 leaves, pp. [6] 301 [3]. Woodcut<br />
vignette on title, initials and headpieces. Possibly lacking a halftitle,<br />
though it may not be called for in this issue.<br />
156 x 92mm.<br />
Binding: Contemporary calf, gilt spine, marbled endleaves, red edges.<br />
Rubbed.<br />
First edition of La Mettrie’s abridgement of the Elementa chemiae (1732).<br />
Another issue has the imprint of PierreMichel Huart (who shared the<br />
privilège with Briasson). Another edition has the imprint of Lambert<br />
& Durand and is possibly a piracy. Extracts were published in advance<br />
in Observations sur les écrits modernes 10, 241; 11, 47; and 13, 193. Cf.<br />
Lindeboom 475 (Huart issue only); Partington II, p. 744.<br />
Apparently the Wrst appearance in French of any part of the Elementa chemiae,<br />
an abridgement dealing only with the four elements. The publication includes<br />
‘Description d’une catalepsie hysterique’ (pp. 278–287); ‘Lettre a monsieur<br />
Astruc’ by de La Metrie (pp. 288–301); and ‘Traité du vertige’, a translation of<br />
an excerpt from Boerhaave’s Aphorismi (also published separately in 1741).<br />
18<br />
BONAPARTE, Carlo Maria (1746–1785)<br />
[Manuscript] In secundum annum philosophiae.<br />
Ajaccio, 1763–64.<br />
4to: manuscript on paper, text in Latin with some annotation in<br />
Italian, 351 leaves in 18 numbered sections, written in a neat cursive<br />
hand with 34 pen and ink drawings in the text. Possibly lacking the<br />
Wrst leaf with title to the Wrst section.<br />
215 x 150mm, untrimmed. Brown stains in 2 sections.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards.<br />
Carlo Bonaparte’s lecture notes from the second year of a university philosophy<br />
course. Each section after the Wrst (where it may be missing) has a titlepage<br />
giving the part of the course, the date of the lecture and the phrase ‘In<br />
haec Adiacii Civitate Bonaparte Carolus’. The weekly lectures comprise<br />
‘Metaphysicae,’ books 1–6 (of 7?); and ‘Physica vero,’ books 1–5, 7–8, 11–14<br />
and 16. The missing lectures were apparently never bound in.<br />
Carlo Maria Bonaparte, Napoleon Bonaparte’s father, was born in Ajaccio,<br />
Corsica, the son of a lawyer. The present manuscript suggests that he<br />
studied in Ajaccio before going to the university of Pisa to study law. He<br />
did not complete his legal training in Pisa but returned to Ajaccio at the age<br />
of seventeen to marry. His bride, MarieLetizia Ramolino, like Bonaparte<br />
a member of the Corsican nobility, was fourteen. Bonaparte later became<br />
assistant to the revolutionary leader of Corsica, Pasquale Paoli, and was<br />
Corsica’s representative at the court of Louis XVI.
19<br />
BONOMO, Giovanni Cosimo<br />
Osservazioni intorno a’ pellicelli del corpo umano.<br />
Florence: per Piero Martini, 1687.<br />
4to: A10 (blank A10), 10 leaves, pp. [2] 16 [2, blank]. Woodcut device<br />
on title, woodcut initial, typographic headpiece.<br />
1 engraved plate signed ‘fran: Nacci sulp.’<br />
220 x 160mm.<br />
Binding: Recent soft boards.<br />
First edition. A partial English translation by Richard Mead was<br />
published in Philosophical Transactions, 23 (1703) 1296–99. Garrison–<br />
Morton 2529.1 and 4012; Norman Library 265.<br />
The Wrst clinical and experimental proof of infection by a microparasite.<br />
‘Bonomo belonged to the biological school that originated with Galileo.<br />
Inspired by the research that had enabled his teacher Francesco Redi to<br />
disprove the theory of the spontaneous generation of insects in 1668, and<br />
availing himself of Giacinto Cestoni’s skill with the microscope, Bonomo, in<br />
his Osservazioni intorno a’ pellicelli del corpo umano (1687) aYrmed that scabies<br />
is caused by mites... Hence, Bonomo resolved to adopt local therapy aimed<br />
at killing the mites, instead of the general therapy that had previously been<br />
used. The results thus obtained enabled him to conclude that the mites were<br />
the cause of the disease. It followed that scabies is transmitted by the mites<br />
from a victim to a healthy person. Therefore, it is a “live” infection, of which<br />
Bonomo’s work constituted the Wrst clinical and experimental proof.’ (Luigi<br />
Belloni, DSB II: 291).<br />
The report is in the form of a letter from Bonomo to Redi dated 18 July<br />
1687.<br />
20<br />
BORELLI, Giovanni Alfonso (1608–1679)<br />
Euclides restitutus, sive, Prisca geometriae elementa breviùs, &<br />
faciliùs contexta, in quibus pr[a]ecipuè proportionum theoriae nova,<br />
Wrmiorique methodo promuntur.<br />
Pisa: ex oYcina Francisci Honophri, 1658.<br />
4to: p4 A–3L4 a–d4 , 248 leaves, pp. [8] 456 xxx [2]. Woodcut device<br />
on title, initials and diagrams in the text.<br />
216 x 160mm. A Wne fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Headcap chipped.<br />
First edition. Riccardi, Euclid p. 440; Riccardi Bibliotheca mathematica<br />
Italiana, I, i, col. 158.<br />
‘Not one to be overawed by canonical texts, [Borelli] frankly stated that<br />
although Euclid had done an excellent job in compiling his Elements, these<br />
nevertheless could be repetitive and prolix, and it was time to put the material
together in a clearer and more concise package. While he was about it, Borelli<br />
took the opportunity not only to reexamine the parallel postulate and propose<br />
his own version but also to try to establish the theory of proportions on Wrmer<br />
grounds. The Latin edition of this work appeared in 1658. Five years later his<br />
student Domenico Magni undertook the task of providing a “Euclid for the<br />
layman” by editing out most of Borelli’s technical commentary and shortening<br />
and translating the remainder into Italian. Both works apparently were very<br />
well received.’ (Thomas B. Settle, DSB II: 310.)<br />
Euclides restitutus was written in connection with Borelli’s teaching as<br />
professor of mathematics at Pisa, the post to which he had been appointed<br />
in 1656.<br />
21<br />
BORELLI, Giovanni Alfonso (1608–1679)<br />
De motu animalium... Opus posthumum.<br />
Rome: ex typographia Angeli Bernabò, 1680–1681.<br />
2 volumes 4to: a6 A–3B4 3C2 , 200 leaves, pp. [12] 376 [377–388] (last<br />
page blank); p2 A–3T4 , 262 leaves, pp. [4] 520. Woodcut device on<br />
title, woodcut initials.<br />
18 engraved plates: numbered Tabula prima–decimaoctava, last plate<br />
signed ‘F. Donia scul’ (bound as throwouts, 1–14 at the end of vol. I,<br />
15–18 at the end of vol. II).<br />
222 x 160mm. One or two plates shaved in the upper margin, only<br />
aVecting the line border. A tall copy, clean and fresh.<br />
Binding: Contemporary English mottled calf, gilt spines, red lettering<br />
piece on vol. I, missing on vol. II, red sprinkled edges. upper<br />
inner hinge of vol. I opening up, cords holding but weak and some<br />
leaves coming loose; headcap of vol. I frayed; board edges and joints<br />
rubbed.<br />
Provenance: Trotter family with eighteenthcentury armorial bookplate<br />
with motto ‘In promptu’.<br />
First edition. Krivatsy 1578; Manchester 336; Dibner, Heralds of Science<br />
190; Horblit, One Hundred <strong>Books</strong> Famous in Science 13; Garrison–<br />
Morton 762; Bibliotheca Mechanica p. 42.<br />
‘Borelli’s work On the Motion of Animals (1680) is the classic of what is<br />
variously called the ‘iatrophysical’ or ‘iatromathematical’ school. It stands as<br />
the greatest early triumph in the application of the science of mechanics to the<br />
working of the living organism. Stirred by the success of Stevin and Galileo<br />
in giving mathematical expression to mechanical events, Borelli sought to do<br />
the like with the animal body. In this undertaking he was very successful. That<br />
department of physiology which treats of muscular movement on mechanical<br />
principles was eVectively founded and largely developed by him.’ (Singer, A<br />
short History of ScientiWc Ideas to 1900, pp. 279–80.)<br />
Borelli was the Wrst to suggest that the heartbeat was a simple muscular<br />
contraction, and to describe the circulation in terms of hydraulics.
De motu animalium was Borelli’s last and greatest work and was published<br />
posthumously. He had hoped for election to the Académie Royale des<br />
Sciences in Paris and promised to send the manuscript of the book to be<br />
published in Paris with a dedication to the king. This came to nothing and<br />
in late 1679 Queen Christina of Sweden agreed to bear the printing costs and<br />
the book is dedicated to her. Borelli died in December that year and the book<br />
was seen through the press by Father Giovanni di Gesù, his benefactor at the<br />
convent in Rome where he spent the last years of his life. Volume I, on external<br />
motions, or the motions produced by the muscles appeared in 1680, volume<br />
II, dealing with internal motions, such as muscular contraction, circulation,<br />
respiration and secretion late in 1681. (Thomas B. Settle, DSB II:312.)<br />
22<br />
BORELLI, Giovanni Alfonso (1608–1679)<br />
De motu animalium... Editio altera. Correctior & emendatior.<br />
Leiden: Apud Johannem de Vivie, Cornelium Boutesteyn, Danielem à<br />
Gaesbeeck, & Petrum vander Aa, 1685.<br />
2 volumes 4to: p2 A2 B4 2A–2N4 2O4 , 154 leaves, pp. [16] 280 (i.e.<br />
274) [18] (last page blank); p2 A–3A4 3B2 , 192 leaves, pp. [4] 365 [15].<br />
Engraved title on p1r.<br />
18 engraved plates: numbered Tab: I–XVIII (bound as throwouts on<br />
full blank leaves at the end).<br />
203 x 152mm. Light dustsoiling, light foxing, some gatherings heavily<br />
browned.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, red and green sprinkled edges.<br />
A bit soiled.<br />
Second edition. Another issue has the imprint ‘Apud Cornelium<br />
Boutesteyn, Danielem à Gaesbeeck, Johannem de Vivie & Petrum<br />
vander Aa’. Krivatsy 1580; Wellcome II, p. 204.<br />
A nice copy of the second edition, claimed to be ‘corrected and emended’.<br />
23<br />
BOYLE, Robert (1627–1691)<br />
Some considerations touching the usefulnesse of experimental<br />
natural philosophy. Propos’d in a familiar discourse to a friend, by<br />
way of invitation to the study of it... A second edition [since the Wrst<br />
published June 1663.].<br />
Oxford: printed by Hen: Hall printer to the university, for Ri: Davis, 1664<br />
[i.e. 1671].<br />
4to: * 4 A–R 4 ; a–3d 4 3f–3g 4 , 280 leaves, pp. [16] 126 (i.e. 124, 121–122<br />
omitted) [4]; 416 (i.e. 398, 185–192, 295–6, 377–386 omitted, 287–288<br />
repeated) [18]. Leaf 3d4 is a longditudinal halftitle for Tome I. Bound<br />
with a duplicate of gathering 2 A from Tome II after R4.
[bound with:]<br />
Some considerations... the second tome containing the later section<br />
of the second part.<br />
Oxford: printed by Henry Hall, Printer to the university for Ric.<br />
Davis, 1671<br />
4to: 4 * –2 4<br />
* A–F4 G2 (blank G2); 2A–C4 ; 3A–B4 ; 4A–D4 E2 ; 5A–C4 D2 ; 6A–F4 G2 , 116 leaves; pp. [26] 47 [3]; [2] 20 [2]; [2] 14; [2] 28<br />
[2] 29–31 [1]; [2] 26; [2] 50. Leaf 2C2 is a longditudinal halftitle for<br />
Tome II; leaf 4D4 is signed *** and is the contents leaf, intended to<br />
be bound after ** 4.<br />
198 x 150mm. Titlepage to Tome I soiled; clean tear in Tome I, 2p2<br />
repaired.<br />
Binding: Contemporary panelled calf. Rebacked and corners repaired,<br />
new endleaves.<br />
Provenance: Medical receipt ascribed to John Colbatch (1670–1728)<br />
written by a former owner in the margin of p. 130 in an early hand;<br />
Brent GratianMaxWeld with his exlibris inscription dated 1970 and<br />
notes on endleaves.<br />
Third edition of Tome I (Wrst edition 1663, second edition 1664); Wrst<br />
edition of Tome II. Fulton 52 and 53; ESTC R23467 and R212093;<br />
Wing B4030 and B4031; Madan III, p. 2655 and 2882.<br />
Boyle’s ‘usefulness of Experimental Philosophy’ is an apologia for the Royal<br />
Society, founded in 1660, and was eagerly received, judging by the fact that<br />
the Wrst volume was immediately reprinted, and in some haste (see below).<br />
Fulton notes that ‘Part II... is of interest to presentday biologists for its<br />
many allusions to physiology; it is also illuminating for its references to the<br />
activities of his contemporaries such as Digby, Pecquet, Wilkins, Wren, and<br />
others. The work as a whole shows a most surprising knowledge of natural<br />
history, medicine, physics, and chemistry, in many respects far in advance<br />
of his age, and it is of special importance for its comments on medicine.<br />
(Fulton p. 37.)<br />
Tome I was Wrst published at Oxford in 1663, printed by Henry Hall for<br />
Richard Davis. The second edition was also stated on the titlepage to have<br />
been printed by Hall for Davis but in fact at least part of it was printed at<br />
London and a note to the reader on the last page explains that ‘For Expedition<br />
sake this second Impression was committed to several presses’. The present<br />
third edition is a reprint of the 1664 edition, still with the date 1664 on the<br />
titlepage but in fact almost certainly printed in 1671 to be issued with Tome<br />
II as in the present volume. (Fulton calls the two editions dated 1664 issue<br />
‘A’ and issue ‘B’ but as they are diVerent settings they are bibliographically<br />
diVerent editions.)
24<br />
BOYLE, Robert (1627–1691)<br />
The origine of formes and qualities, (according to the corpuscular<br />
philosophy) illustrated by considerations and experiments. (Written<br />
formerly by way of Notes upon an Essay about Nitre.) The second<br />
edition, augmented by a discourse of subordinate formes.<br />
Oxford: printed by H. Hall, printer to the University, for Ric: Davis, 1667.<br />
8vo: a4 (–a4) b8 B–F8 c1 (= a4) G–V8 (V6 + 2<br />
* ) X–2A8 2B2 , 200<br />
leaves, pp. [32] 68 [4] 71–289 (i.e. 287, 263–4 omitted) [5] 291–363<br />
[1] (last page blank). lacking the titlepage (supplied as a photographic<br />
print; I have included the titlepage in the collation as though<br />
the book were complete).<br />
180 x 112.<br />
Binding: Twentiethcentury calf, rubbed.<br />
Provenance: Armorial bookplate of Wiliam Bartlett.<br />
Second, enlarged edition (Wrst edition 1666). Fulton 78; Wing B4015;<br />
ESTC R7614l Madan III, 2764.<br />
‘In his essay on “Colours” and in the present work Boyle paved the way for<br />
the Newtonian concept of light. His predecessors had held that the properties<br />
of a body were due to its innate qualities: thus grass was green because it<br />
had ‘greenness’ in it. In this work Boyle argued that the qualities of bodies<br />
resulted not entirely from their innate substance, but rather from the eVects<br />
which they produced upon their immediate surroundings... The new concept<br />
thus set forth by Boyle was widely quoted in his time, especially by Locke,<br />
Newton, and other physicists of the period.’ (Fulton p. 55.)<br />
25<br />
BOYLE, Robert (1627–1691)<br />
Chymista scepticus, vel dubia paradoxa chymicophysica, circa<br />
spagyricorum principia, vulgo dicta hypostatica, prout proponi &<br />
propugnari solent a turba alchymistarum.<br />
Rotterdam: ex oYcina Arnoldi Leers, 1668.<br />
12mo: 12 2<br />
* ** A–Q12 R4 , 210 leaves, pp. [28] 392. * 1, engraved title;<br />
* 2, printed title with woodcut device.<br />
130 x 70mm. First few leaves frayed in the margins and the engraved<br />
and printed titles strengthened in the inner margins; minor stains,<br />
otherwise a fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Recent calf.<br />
Provenance: American Chemical Society with library stamp on title and<br />
accession number on engraved and printed titles.<br />
Third Latin edition (Wrst edition, in English, London 1661; Latin<br />
editions, London 1662, Rotterdam, Leers 1662). Fulton 38.
Boyle’s Sceptical chymist is one of the masterpieces of scientiWc literature for<br />
which Boyle has been called the founder of modern chemistry. Partington<br />
identiWed three major contributions that Boyle made to chemistry: Wrst, the<br />
study of chemistry for its own sake (not just as an aid to medicine or alchemy);<br />
second, the introduction of experimental method into chemistry; and third,<br />
the deWnition of an element, rejecting the four Aristotelian elements and the<br />
three principles of the alchemists (Partington II, p. 496).<br />
This is a translation of the Wrst part of the Sceptical chymist (1661); a second<br />
part, reporting many additional experiments, was added to the second English<br />
edition of 1680.<br />
26<br />
BOYLE, Robert (1627–1691)<br />
Of the reconcileableness of specifick medicines to the corpuscular<br />
philosophy. To which is annexed a discourse about the<br />
advantages of the use of simple medicines.<br />
London: printed for Sam. Smith at the Princes Arms in St. Paul’s Church-<br />
Yard, 1685.<br />
8vo: A8 (–A8) B–K8 (K8+1 = A8?) L–Q8 , 128 leaves, pp. [14] 136 [2]<br />
137–225 [15] (last page blank). Advertisements in Wnal unpaginated<br />
section.<br />
172 x 102. Titlepage soiled and a little frayed in the margins, some<br />
spotting towards the end.<br />
Binding: Recent panelled calf by Bernard Middleton.<br />
Provenance: Welsh National School of Medicine with library stamps on<br />
title, pp. [3], [11] and 119; and stamp of universtiy College of South<br />
Wales and Monmouth on verso of title.<br />
First edition. Fulton 166; Wing B4013; ESTC R7218.<br />
As the title makes clear, this is one of a long series of works in which Boyle<br />
presents experiments and argues in favour of ‘corpuscular’ or ‘mechanical<br />
philosophy’, in which inert building blocks of nature are moved by mathematically<br />
quantiWable external agencies. Such motion gives rise to taste,<br />
colour, heat, etc.; what Boyle called ‘secondary qualities’. This essentially<br />
modern approach to science overturned the Aristotelian science in which the<br />
‘qualities’ of hotness and dryness and their opposites were inherent qualities<br />
of four ‘elements’. In the preface Boyle is at pains to point out that this is not<br />
a book of remedies but ‘a Speculative discourse; since it tends but to show,<br />
that, in case there be SpeciWck Medicines (as ’tis probable there are some) their<br />
experienced vertues are reconcileable to the principles of the Corupscular, or<br />
(as many call it) the new Philosophy; and at least do not subvert them, if these<br />
EVects and Operations be not clearly explicable by them’. In the second part<br />
he argues for the use of ‘simple medicines’, that is those composed of one,<br />
or only a few active ingredients the eVects of which can be observed and the<br />
doses adjusted ‘so that Physicians may proceed more securely’.<br />
The advertisements at the end of the book are of great interest. ‘A Catalogue<br />
of late Physick <strong>Books</strong> sold by Samuel Smith, at the Prince’s Arms in St. Paul’s
Churchyard (9 pages) is followed by ‘<strong>Books</strong> Printed for, and sold by Samuel<br />
Smith’ (4 pages). It is notable that Smith only gives the dates for books printed<br />
in the previous Wve years. There are at least as many older books, but their<br />
publication dates are omitted so as not to make the list look out of date.<br />
27<br />
BRAMER, Benjamin (1588?–1652?)<br />
Kurtze Meynung vom Vacuo, oder lährem Orte neben andern<br />
wunderbaren und subtilen Quaestionen. Deßgleichen Nicolai Cusani<br />
Dialogus von Wag und Gewicht auss dem lateinischen verdeutscht.<br />
Marburg: Gedruckt zu Marpurg, durch Paul EgenolV, 1617.<br />
4to: A–E4 F2 , 22 leaves, pp. 43 [1] (last page blank). Typographic border<br />
and woodcut device on title, woodcut and Xeuron head and tailpieces.<br />
193 x 150mm. A good fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Recent boards.<br />
Provenance: Pencil annotation at foot of title ‘from the Dietrichstein<br />
Library 1933’; C. E. Kenney with his book label (sale at Sotheby and<br />
Co., 28 March 1966, lot 1539).<br />
First edition. VD17 23:236795G.<br />
‘In a work on the vacuum (1617), we can see his wideranging interests, but<br />
no particular Weld of concentration. The problem of empty space, which had<br />
been under active investigation since classical times, was of special topical<br />
interest in the seventeenth century. On this matter Bramer held the views of<br />
Tommaso Campanella, the contemporary and follower of Galileo.’ (Paul A.<br />
Kirchvogel, DSB 2: 419).<br />
The second part of the pamphlet is a German translation of Nicholas of<br />
Cusa, ‘De staticis experimentis, dialogus quartus,’ a dialogue between an<br />
‘Orator’ and ‘Idiota’ from book 4 of his Idiotae. (Operum, Paris, 1514, f. xciv<br />
verso to xcviii verso).<br />
28<br />
BRANDES, Heinrich Wilhelm (1777–1834)<br />
Untersuchungen über die ungewöhnliche Strahlenbrechung,<br />
welche zuweilen nahe am Horizonte statt Wndet... Frei bearbeitet von<br />
H. W. Brandes... und L. W. Gilbert.<br />
Leipzig: Aus Gilbert’s Annalen der Physik B. 48, 1814.<br />
8vo, pp. [2] 237–313; 366–446.<br />
4 engraved plates numbered Taf. III–VI.<br />
215 x 120mm. Poor quality paper, slightly browned, corners worn.<br />
Binding: Original plain wrappers. Spine torn, lower cover missing.<br />
OVprints from Annalen der physik 48 (1814), apparently the sheets of the<br />
journal reissued with a special titlepage.
A two part paper discussing JeanBaptiste Biot, Recherches sur les réfractions<br />
extraordinaires, qui ont lieu près de l’horizon (Paris, 1810). ‘[After his work with<br />
J. F. Benzenberg] Brandes occupied himself with practical and theoretical<br />
problems of the refractions of rays and other problems of atmospheric<br />
optics...’ (Bernhard Sticker, DSB 1:421a).<br />
29<br />
BuLWER, John (c. 1606–1656)<br />
Anthropometamorphosis: man transform’d; or, the artiWcial changeling.<br />
Historically presented, in the mad and cruel gallantry, foolish<br />
bravery, ridiculous beauty, Wlthy Wnenesse, and loathsome lovelinesse<br />
of most nations, fashioning & altering their bodies from the mould<br />
intended by nature. With a vindication of the regular beauty and<br />
honesty of nature. And an appendix of the pedigree of the English<br />
gallant. By J. B. sirnamed, The Chirosopher.<br />
London: printed for J. Hardesly, at the Black-spread-Eagle in Duck-<br />
Lane, 1650.<br />
12mo: A–N12 , 156 leaves, pp. [24] 24 45–263 [45].<br />
Doublepage engraved title.<br />
135 x 75mm. A rather small copy and tightly bound, the engraved title<br />
slightly cropped and several headlines shaved or cropped. Short tears<br />
in M7 and 8 repaired, obscuring a few letters.<br />
Binding: Contemporary calf. Resewn and rebacked, new endleaves.<br />
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.<br />
First edition. An illustrated edition was published in 1653. Wing B5460;<br />
ESTC R24242.<br />
This famous book is a pioneering work in anthropology,<br />
important in the history of attitudes to male and female<br />
beauty. It was the last of Wve works (published in four volumes)<br />
‘exploring the human body as a medium of communication...<br />
[whose] overall unity has rarely been recognized’ (Graham<br />
Richards in ODNB). The earlier works dealt with the meanings<br />
of hand gestures (Chirologia), manual rhetoric (Chironomia),<br />
teaching the deaf and dumb to communicate (Philocophus,<br />
the Wrst book on the subject in English), and the physiological<br />
bases of human expressive behaviour (Pathomyotomia).<br />
‘Anthropometamorphosis surveys the artiWcial deformations of<br />
the body practiced by various peoples, again from head to toe...<br />
and ends with an attack on contemporaries for indulging in<br />
similar vanities. unlike his other writings the moral agenda is<br />
uppermost here. Of particular interest is that for Bulwer the<br />
natural is morally superior to the artiWcial.’ (Richards.)<br />
Bulwer was a medical practitioner who in the 1653 edition of<br />
this book added ‘MD’ after his name. A list of ‘Works by the<br />
Author’ printed at the end of the volume lists the 5 published
works and 6 more on similar themes ‘which he may be induced hereafter to<br />
communicate.’ None of these was published.<br />
There is a curious disparity between the way the author’s identity and<br />
physiognomy are concealed in the letterpress, but revealed on the engraved<br />
title. On the printed title he is ‘ J. B. Sirnamed, The Chirosopher’ and on p.<br />
[10] there is a poem by ‘The Engraver of the intended Copy of the Authors<br />
Contenance’ saying that ’Twas Wt (since all mens Faces are your own) / Yours<br />
(by a Priviledge) should be unknown’. But his cover is blown by the engraved<br />
title which not only gives his name in full but provides a portrait. Richards<br />
calls this portrait ‘somewhat cryptic’ and points out that the ‘less intriguing,<br />
but technically superior’ engraving by Faithorne in the 1653 edition is based<br />
on it, rather than being newly done from life.<br />
Pagel has bookmarked p. 188 where Bulwer states that rickets is caused by<br />
the practice of wrapping infants in swaddling clothes. Glisson’s classic work<br />
on rickets was published in the following year.<br />
30<br />
CABEI, Nicolò (1586–1650)<br />
Philosophia magnetica in qua magnetis natura penitus explicatur,<br />
et omnium quae hoc lapide cernuntur causae propriae aVeruntut: nova<br />
etiam pyxis construitur, quae propriam poli elevationem, cum suo<br />
meridiano, ubique demonstrat... Ad Ludovicum XIII. Galliarum, et<br />
Navarrae Regem Christianissimum.<br />
Ferrara: apud Franciscum Succium, 1629.<br />
Folio: a6 (a2 + ✠2 ) A–2M6 2N2 , 220 leaves, pp. [16] 412 [12].<br />
Engraved titlepage border on a1 (title overprinted in letterpress,<br />
imprint on engraved plate), woodcut headpieces and initials, 3<br />
engravings printed in the text on pp. 58, 79 and 93, the last a world<br />
map, repeated on p. 220; numerous woodcut text illustrations.<br />
38 x 218mm. Titlepage lightly stained, worn and frayed in the outer<br />
blank margin, otherwise a good fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary mottled calf, gilt spine, red sprinkled edges.<br />
Joints cracked but cords holding, head and tail of spine defective,<br />
corners heavily worn, corner of front free endleaf clipped and fore<br />
edge frayed.<br />
Provenance: Early price note ‘3L, 7,, 10. / Cost 4/6’ and shelfmark<br />
‘VIII.D.6’ on free endleaf; bookplate of the Royal Meteorological<br />
Society, Symons Bequest 1900, with release label dated 1973.<br />
First edition, Ferrara issue. Wellcome 1171; Ferguson I, p. 136; Riccardi<br />
I, i, col. 205; Sommervogel II, col. 483, no. 1; Bakken p. 7; Wheeler<br />
Gift 97; Mottelay p. 109.<br />
A famous book on electricity and magnetism which contains the Wrst printed<br />
account of electrical repulsion, the discovery of which is traditionally ascribed<br />
to Cabei. The work also discusses the possibility of telegraphic communication<br />
by means of magnetised needles. Cabei discusses Gilbert’s De magnete (1600),
not always agreeing with Gilbert’s views and in particular rejecting his theory<br />
of terrestrial magnetism.<br />
Cabei’s work is a version of the unpublished Due trattati sopra la natura,<br />
e le qualità della calamita, by a Jesuit of an earlier generation, Leonardo<br />
Garzoni (1543–92). This work was thought to be lost, but a recently recoverd<br />
manuscript has been analysed by Monica ugaglia. She has shown that<br />
Garzoni’s work was, ‘well before Gilbert’s De Magnete [1600], the Wrst<br />
example of a modern treatment of magnetic phenomena’, the analysis of<br />
which ‘sheds new and unexpected light on the beginnings of the science of<br />
magnetism, entailing dramatic changes in the traditionally accepted views on<br />
the subject’ (ugaglia, p. 61). Garzoni’s work was plagiarised by Della Porta in<br />
his Magia naturalis (1588), and also made use of by Gilbert. But Cabeo showed<br />
the heaviest dependence on Garzoni, his text being ‘nothing more than a<br />
quotation, more or less literal, of Garzoni’s work... only slightly readjusted<br />
in accordance with some results of the De magnete’ (ugaglia p. 72).<br />
Garzoni was born at Venice, entered the Society of Jesus in 1567 or 1568,<br />
and in the latter year lectured on logic at Parma. Cabeo was born at Ferrara<br />
and joined the Jesuits at the age of 17. He was professor of Moral Philosophy<br />
and Mathematics at Parma, preached at various places in Italy and taught<br />
mathematics at Genoa where he died.<br />
The book was printed in Italy but also issued in Cologne by Johann Kinck.<br />
In the Cologne issue, the engraved titleborder has been altered and there is a<br />
letterpress titlepage with the Cologne imprint, conjugate with the dedication<br />
leaf which is reset. In the altered engraving the Papal arms at the top are<br />
replaced by Jesuit emblems and the overprinted title has the words ‘Multa<br />
quoque dicuntur de electricis, et aliis attractionibus, et eorum causis’ added<br />
in place of ‘Ad Ludovicum XIII...’; the dedication leaf is headed ‘Ludovico<br />
XIII’ in place of ‘Rex Christianissime’ (see Wellcome 1171a). Copies of the<br />
Ferrara issue are sometimes described as lacking the printed titlepage, but it<br />
is clear from these alterations that the Ferrara and Cologne issues are distinct<br />
and that the printed titlepage belongs only in the Cologne issue.<br />
Monica ugaglia, ‘The Science of Magnetism Before Gilbert. Leonardo Garzoni’s<br />
Treatise on the Loadstone’, Annals of Science 63 (2006) 59–84.<br />
31<br />
CAMPANELLA, Thomas (1568–1639)<br />
De sensu rerum et magia, libri quatuor, pars mirabilis occultae<br />
philosophiae, ubi demonstratur, mundum esse Dei vivam statuam,<br />
beneque cognoscentem.<br />
Frankfurt: Apud Egenolphum Emmelium, impensis Godefridi Tampachii,<br />
1620.<br />
4to: * –2 * 4 A–2Z 4 3A 2 , 194 leaves, pp. [16] 371 [1] (last page blank).<br />
Engraved titlepage border on * 1, woodcut headpieces and initials.<br />
210 x 160mm. Titlepage worn, slightly shaved and frayed in outer<br />
margin aVecting the engraved border, paper somewhat limp in the<br />
margins in the Wrst part of the book, tiny worm tracks in the upper<br />
blank margins.
Binding: Rather clumsily rebound with blind ruled calf sides,<br />
presumably from the original binding, laid down.<br />
Provenance: Edward Synge (1614–78, see below) with inscription on<br />
title, ‘Edw: Synge Ep[isco]pus Corcagi[ensi]s’.<br />
First edition. Another edition was printed at Paris in 1637. Wellcome<br />
1236; Krivatsy 2088.<br />
One of Campanella’s chief works, ‘Four <strong>Books</strong> of the Sense in<br />
Things and Magic’, expounds his view that all nature is sentient.<br />
On this basis he discusses natural divination, natural magic and<br />
occult marvels. Campanella here ‘sharply criticizes Aristotle,<br />
repeats views of Telesio, and further brings to mind Giordano<br />
Bruno’s De rerum principiis and De magia of the previous<br />
century’ (Thorndike). In discussing Campanella, Thorndike<br />
devotes most of his attention to this work with an extended<br />
analysis of its contents (Thorndike VII, pp. 291–301).<br />
From 1599 to 1626 Campanella was imprisoned in Naples<br />
on charges of hatching a revolt in Calabria and for heresy<br />
and the book was edited by Tobias Adam. The splendid<br />
engraved title border (unfortunately in rather poor state in<br />
this copy) incorporating a bell, referring to Campanella’s<br />
name (Latin Campana, bell) was used again by Tampach two<br />
years later in Campanella’s Apologia pro Galileo (1622). ‘Like<br />
Galileo, Campanella held that natural truth was not revealed<br />
in Scripture, but in the physical world. Thus the study of<br />
natural phenomena was seen as an important step toward<br />
theological understanding... While Galileo was essentially<br />
satisWed with an understanding of natural, physical reality,<br />
Campanella endeavoured to go beyond this and to Wnd the<br />
ultimate metaphysical truth of things’ (Charles B. Schmitt,<br />
DSB 15:69b).<br />
This copy has an interesting Irish provenance having<br />
belonged first to Edward Synge (1614–1678) bishop of Cork,<br />
Cloyne, and Ross, who was associated with the second Earl of<br />
Cork, Robert Boyle’s brother. It is listed in the catalogue of the<br />
library of Synge’s grandson, Edward Synge junior (1691–1762),<br />
at Kevin Street, Dublin. He inherited the library from his father, archbishop<br />
Edward Synge (1659–1741), who, appropriately enough, had an interest in<br />
the science of perception. A few books from the Synge library were sold singly<br />
in the 1930s, the remainder at auction in two sales in 1954, one conducted<br />
by Town and Country Estates Ltd, Dublin, on 2 February, the other by<br />
Christies in London.<br />
MarieLouise Legg (now Jennings), ‘Whose <strong>Books</strong>? The Synge library catalogue<br />
of 1763’ in Muriel McCarthy and Ann Simmons, eds Marsh’s Library. A Mirror<br />
on the World: Law Learning and Libraries 1650–1750 (Dublin 2008). I am grateful<br />
to MarieLouise Jennings for this reference to her article, and for checking the<br />
1763 catalogue.
32<br />
CAMPANELLA, Thomas (1568–1639)<br />
Medicinalium juxta propria principia libri septem. Opus non<br />
solum medicis, sed omnibus naturae et privatae valetudinis studiosis<br />
utilissimum.<br />
Lyon: ex oYcina Ioannis Pillehotte, sumptibus Ioannis CaYn, & Francisci<br />
Plaignard, 1635.<br />
4to: 4<br />
* (–* 1, blank) †–2† 4 3† 2 A–4R4 , 4S2 , 359 of 360 leaves, pp. [26]<br />
690 [2]. Title printed in red and black with woodcut device, woodcut<br />
headpieces and initials.<br />
230 x 160mm. Ink stain on title; insect damage to 5 leaves, 2M3–2N3<br />
with loss of a few letters; overall light browning.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, gilt arms on upper board.<br />
Stained.<br />
Provenance: Abbaye de Cîteaux with armorial stamp on upper<br />
board and inscription on title and pp. 100 and 690 ‘Liber beatae<br />
M. Cistercii’; nineteenthcentury collector’s notes in French on<br />
pastedown identifying provenance and citing Brunet.<br />
First edition. Wellcome 1240; Krivatsy 2090; Manchester 434.<br />
In ‘Seven <strong>Books</strong> of Medicine According to his own Principles’ Campanella<br />
deals with diseases and their cures and ‘has... a good deal to say about the<br />
spirits of the human body. For example, the pulse is described as a vital act<br />
of the animal spirits, or it is inquired by what things the native light of the<br />
spirit is injured and cured. Occult virtues and the relation of terrestrial things<br />
to the planets are also considered.’ (Thorndike VII, p. 300.)<br />
Campanella’s text was edited by Jacques GaVarel (1601–1681) who had<br />
purchased the manuscript for Cardinal Richelieu (Thorndike p. 301).<br />
33<br />
CARSON, James (1772–1843)<br />
An inquiry into the causes of the motion of the blood with an<br />
appendix in which the process of respiration and its connexion with the<br />
circulation of the blood are attempted to be elucidated.<br />
Liverpool: Printed by F. B. Wright, and sold by Longman & Co. and<br />
Underwood, London; Constable & Co. Edinburgh; and by Wright and<br />
Cruickshank, Liverpool, 1815.<br />
8vo, pp. [6] 250.<br />
1 engraved plate signed ‘Thos. Smith sculp.’<br />
225 x 140mm, untrimmed. Plate lightly browned.<br />
Binding: Original boards, spine defective, upper board detached,<br />
corners worn. <strong>Books</strong>eller’s ticket of G. Cruickshank, Liverpool.<br />
Provenance: Essex and Colchester Hospital Library, old stamp on title.
First edition, an enlargement of Carson’s MD thesis, in Latin, Edinburgh<br />
1799. An enlarged second edition, under the title An inquiry into the<br />
causes of respiration; of the motion of the blood; [etc]’ (London 1833,<br />
see next item) includes a reprint of the thesis. Wellcome II, p. 305;<br />
Garrison–Morton 765.2.<br />
Carson Wrst suggested the rôle of the elasticity of the lungs in returning<br />
blood to the heart in his MD thesis of 1799. This was mostly theoretical,<br />
‘But it is in his later work – An Inquiry into the Causes of the Motion of the<br />
Blood – published in 1815, that his more mature conclusions and the results<br />
of some experiments are presented’ (Cohen p. 2). This was a completely new<br />
conclusion, contradicting Harvey’s view of the heart’s motion as the sole cause<br />
of the circulation. The standard modern view that the return of venous blood<br />
to the heart is largely due to the increased negative pressure in the pleural<br />
cavity which with each inspiration drives blood towards the heart is due to<br />
Carson (see Cohen p. 5 and Garrison–Morton 765.2).<br />
Lord Cohen of Birkenhead, ‘James Carson, M.D., F.R.S. of Liverpool’, Medical<br />
History 7 (1963) 1–12 and Wgs. 1–10.<br />
34<br />
CARSON, James (1772–1843)<br />
An inquiry into the causes of respiration; of the motion of the<br />
blood; animal heat; absorption; and muscular motion; with practical<br />
inferences... second edition.<br />
London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman, 1833.<br />
8vo: pp. xvii[i] 447.<br />
2 engraved plates: an unsigned plate at p. 21 and one bound at the end<br />
signed ‘Thos. Smith sculp.’ (the same plate used in the Wrst edition,<br />
1815).<br />
223 x 135mm. Light browning, plates foxed.<br />
Binding: Original boards, rebacked in cloth with the original printed<br />
paper label retained.<br />
Provenance: Presentation copy inscribed ‘To Charles Blundell Esqr<br />
with the compliments of the Author’.<br />
Second, enlarged edition (Wrst as An inquiry into the causes of the motion<br />
of the blood: with an appendix in which the process of respiration and its<br />
connexion with the circulation of the blood are attempted to be elucidated,<br />
Liverpool, 1815). Wellcome II, p. 305.<br />
In this enlarged edition of his major work, Carson discusses further experiments<br />
in support of his discovery that venous blood is returned to the heart<br />
by the elasticity of the lungs, reported in a paper of 1820 and in his Essays,<br />
physiological and practical (Liverpool, 1822). In this edition are included essays<br />
on animal heat, absorption and muscular motion, as well as a reprint of his<br />
Edinburgh MD thesis of 1799.<br />
Lord Cohen of Birkenhead, ‘James Carson, M.D., F.R.S. of Liverpool’, Medical<br />
History 7 (1963) 1–12 and Wgs. 1–10.
35<br />
CESALPINO, Andrea (1524 or 5–1603)<br />
De metallicis libri tres.<br />
Nuremberg: Recusi, curante Conrado Agricola [colophon:] Ex oYcina<br />
Katharinae, viduae Alexandri Theodrici, 1602.<br />
4to: a–b4 , A–2E4 , 120 leaves, pp. [16] 222 [2] (last page blank).<br />
Woodcut printer’s device on title, typographic headpieces, woodcut<br />
initials.<br />
189 x 145mm. Title dustsoiled; waterstains on a few leaves (sustained<br />
before binding).<br />
Binding: Contemporary calf, gilt spine, marbled endleaves. Head and<br />
tailcaps chipped, worn.<br />
Second edition (Wrst 1596). Wellcome 1184; Krivatsy 2346; Duveen p.<br />
112; Hoover 213; Ward and Carozzi 456; Sinkankas 1219; Neville p.<br />
255.<br />
A compendium of information on metals, minerals and fossils, drawn from<br />
Pliny, Dioscorides, Galen, Theophrastus, Marbod, and Albertus Magnus, ‘in<br />
which he shows a sound knowledge of ancient and contemporary material’<br />
(Partington pp. 89–90). In the Wrst book Cesalpino gives the Aristotelian<br />
explanation that metals are vapour condensed by cold. He follows Leonardo<br />
in asserting that fossils in shells result from the withdrawal of an earlier sea.<br />
The second book deals with limestone, marble, and precious stones, and notes<br />
that the same substances always crystallise with the same forms. The third<br />
book deals with metals. (See Partington pp. 90–92 for a full analysis.)<br />
This second edition is a reprint of the Wrst, except that the dedication to<br />
Pope Clement VIII is replaced by one to Dr Philip Scherb (1555–1605).<br />
Cesalpino is known as the founder of scientiWc botany for his De plantis<br />
libri XVI to which this was intended as a supplement (for Pagel’s copy see my<br />
Catalogue 41 no. 26); and as an important precursor of Harvey, especially in<br />
his Peripateticarum quaestionum 1571 (for Pagel’s copy of the second edition,<br />
1593, see my Catalogue 41 no. 27).<br />
Partington, ii, pp. 89–92; Thorndike, vi, pp. 334–335.<br />
36<br />
CESALPINO, Andrea (1524 or 5–1603)<br />
Katoptron [Greek], sive speculum artis medicae Hippocraticum:<br />
spectandos, dignoscendos curandosq[ue] exhibens universos,<br />
tum universales tum particulares, totius corporis humani morbos, in<br />
quo multa visuntur, quae à praeclarissimis quibusque medicis intacta<br />
prorsus relicta erant arcana.<br />
Frankfurt: typis Matthiae Beckeri, impensis Lazari Zetzneri Bibliop., 1605.<br />
8vo: ):( 8 A–2S 8 2T 4 , 340 leaves, pp. [16] 663 [1] (last page blank).<br />
Woodcut printer’s device on title, woodcut initials.
157 x 99mm. Waterstains at the beginning of the book; light browning<br />
throughout; worm tracks in leaves 2F5–2L6 with loss of several letters.<br />
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum, yapp fore edges, evidence of<br />
ties. Soiled.<br />
Provenance: Early signature ‘Josephus Anthoine’ on rear free endleaf.<br />
Second edition (Wrst as Artis medicae, Rome 1603). This edition was<br />
reissued at Frankfurt in 1670, after another edition, as Praxis universae<br />
artis medicae had been printed at Treviso in 1606. Krivatsy 2343.<br />
Cesalpino’s work on practical medicine including his observations on the<br />
heart and chest, syphilis, diseases of the head and gynaecology.<br />
Cesalpino mentions the circulation of the blood, dealt with at greater<br />
length in his Peripateticarum quaestionum (1571). Although Cesalpino did not<br />
in fact envisage a full circulation, rather a Xow of blood to and from the heart,<br />
Pagel regarded him as probably the most important forerunner of Harvey.<br />
On the endleaf of this copy Pagel has noted ‘p. 473 account of circulation’<br />
and in William Harvey’s Biological ideas he writes, ‘It is in the same work [the<br />
present work] that we Wnd Cesalpinus’ basic statement that the blood moves<br />
continually from the veins into the heart and from the arteries out of it.<br />
Indeed it is given here in its most generalised form.’ (p. 179, citing p. 473 in<br />
this edition; for Pagel’s copy of the second edition of the Quaestionum, 1593,<br />
see my Catalogue 41 no. 27).<br />
37<br />
CHARLETON, Walter (16191707)<br />
Natural history of [brace] nutrition, life, and voluntary motion<br />
[end of bracketed section]. Containing all the new discoveries of<br />
anatomist’s and most probable opinions of physicians, concerning the<br />
oeconomie of human nature; methodically delivered in exercitations<br />
physicoanatomical.<br />
London: printed for Henry Herringman, and are to be sold at his shop at<br />
the Anchor in the lower walk in the New Exchange, 1659.<br />
4to: A 4 a 4 B–2F 4 , 120 leaves, pp. [16] 210, (i.e. 208, 184–5 omitted)<br />
[16]. Woodcut headpieces and initials, 5 engraved diagrams printed<br />
on pp. 198–201 and 206 and a small anatomical illustration on 207. In<br />
the Folger Library copy 2E1, a translation from Galen with errata on<br />
verso, is bound after a4 as seems to have been intended.<br />
179 x 130mm. Worm holes and tracks throughout, the worst<br />
strengthened with tissue, mostly conWned to the inner margins (which<br />
are also stained) but a few straying into the text and touching several<br />
letters; waterstains in outer margins of prelims; some dustsoiling.<br />
Binding: Recent quarter morocco, two original front free endleaves<br />
retained.<br />
Provenance: Early price notes, ‘2s. 8d’ and ‘pt. 1s. 6d’ on endleaves,<br />
strip of paper pasted to fore edge of title with partly cropped<br />
inscription ‘Manwaring [undeciphered]’. Walter Pagel’s signature,<br />
undated, on pastedown.
First edition. Two Latin editions appeared in the same year, Oeconomia<br />
animalis in London and Exercitationes physico-anatomicae de oeconomia<br />
animali in Amsterdam, and there were further London editions in<br />
1660, 1666 and 1669, but the English was not reprinted. ESTC R9545;<br />
Wing C3684; Wellcome II p. 329; Krivatsy 2383; Russell 132.<br />
The Wrst textbook on physiology written in English. It is also the Wrst<br />
published treatise on physiology based on the ‘mechanical philosophy’,<br />
because although Descartes’ De homine was written during the 1630s it was<br />
not published until 1662.<br />
‘Charleton adopted Harvey’s concept of epigenesis, identifying embryonic<br />
diVerentiation with growth and stressing the interdependence of genesis,<br />
growth and nutrition; he also used geometrical reasoning to disprove the claim<br />
that muscles increased in volume upon contraction’ (Norman).<br />
The Latin edition printed in the same year is in a cheaper format, duodecimo,<br />
and Norman is surely right in assuming that the English has priority,<br />
on account of its more lavish format and the existence of large paper and<br />
presentation copies (the Norman copy on large paper measures 217 x 159mm).<br />
The dedication to Viscount Fauconberge is in English, the Epistle addressed<br />
to George Ent is in Latin.<br />
Humphry Rolleston, ‘Walter Charleton, D.M.. F.R.C.P., F.R.S.’, Bulletin of the<br />
History of Medicine 8 (1940) 403–416.<br />
38<br />
CHARLETON, Walter (1619–1707)<br />
Exercitationes pathologicae, in quibus morborum penè omnium<br />
natura, generatio, & caussæ, ex novis anatomicorum inventis sedulò<br />
inquiruntur.<br />
London: apud Tho. Newcomb, 1661.<br />
4to: A4 a–b4 B–2D4 , 116 leaves, p. [24] 208, woodcut device on title.<br />
190 x 128mm. Last few leaves limp and frayed in the margins.<br />
Binding: Rebound with the original mottled calf sides cut down and<br />
remounted. The fore and loweredges have been heavily trimmed<br />
in rebinding, presumably to remove the waterdamaged margins;<br />
marbled endleaves which could be original.<br />
Provenance: undeciphered signature on title, probably nineteenthcentury.<br />
First edition, large paper issue with only Newcomb’s name in the<br />
imprint, a thick paper copy. Another issue has the imprint ‘apud Tho.<br />
Newcomb, M DC LXI. & prostant apud Joh. Martin, Jac. Allestrie,<br />
& Tho. Dicas, ad insigne Campanæ in Coemiterio D. Pauli’; and<br />
another, with cancel title and half title, ‘typis Tho. Newcomb, prostant<br />
autem venales apud Joh. Martin, Jac. Allestry, & Tho. Dicas, ad<br />
insigne Campanae in Coemiterio D. Pauli MDCLXI’. The work was<br />
reprinted at Bologna in 1675. ESTC R208037; Wing 3673; Wellcome<br />
II, p. 329; cf. Krivatsy 2380 and Norman Library 460 (both ‘typis<br />
Tho. Newcomb’ imprint).
The present work is a hypothetical discussion of the causes of diseases (i.e.<br />
hatred as the cause of leprosy); it also deals with the problem of abnormal<br />
embryonic development, which Charleton attempted to explain in terms of<br />
atomism, vitalism and Harvey’s theory of epigenesis’ (Norman).<br />
This is a copy of the large paper issue in which only Newcomb’s name<br />
appears in the imprint, omitting those of his partners John Martin, James<br />
Allestry and Thomas Dicas. The large paper copies were printed on two<br />
diVerent paper stocks, on the evidence of the two copies in Cambridge<br />
university Library. The present copy is mostly on thick paper, like CuL<br />
K.15.18 (219 x 156mm), but with a few gatherings on thinner paper, like<br />
CuL Hunter.d.66.26 (194 x 151mm). But this is a sad relic of a deluxe copy,<br />
heavily cut down, apparently to trim away water damaged margins (but at the<br />
beginning and end where the damage extended too far to be removed).<br />
39<br />
CHARLETON, Walter (1619–1707)<br />
Enquiries into human nature, in VI. anatomic praelections in the<br />
New Theatre of the Royal Colledge of Physicians in London.<br />
London: printed by M. White, for Robert Boulter, at the Turks Head in<br />
Cornhill, over against the Royal Exchange, 1680.<br />
4to: p2 a4 B–Z4 2A2 3A–X4 3Y2 3Z4 , 186 leaves, pp. [42] 544 (i.e. 326,<br />
150–368 omitted). Woodcut headpieces and initials. p1v, imprimatur;<br />
p2r, title; 3Z3r, ‘Epiphonema’; 3Z3v–3Z4v (3 pages), Robert Boulter’s<br />
advertisements.<br />
Engraved portrait signed ‘D. Loggan ad Vivum delin. et Sculp. 1679;<br />
engraved view of the Anatomy Theatre with Boulter’s imprint dated<br />
1680.<br />
194 x 150mm. Tears in portrait and title repaired; portrait shaved<br />
in outer and lower margins; horizontal stain on portrait and view of<br />
anatomy theatre; title shaved at the foot (with loss of rule border);<br />
light marginal waterstains; otherwise a fresh clean copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary or slightly later calf backed grey boards. Very<br />
worn, free endleaves replaced.<br />
First edition. Advertised in the Michaelmas Term Catalogue (October–<br />
December) 1679 at 8s bound (TC I 370). Another edition was<br />
published in 1697. ESTC R15713; Wing C3678; Wellcome II, p. 329;<br />
Krivatsy 2390; Russell 144.<br />
These were the lectures that inaugurated the new anatomy theatre of the<br />
College of Physicians. The text is an extensively rewritten version of<br />
Charleton’s Natural history of nutrition, the Wrst English textbook of physiology<br />
(no. 37 above).<br />
The anatomy theatre was the Wrst purpose built anatomy theatre at the<br />
College of Physicians. Previously anatomy demonstrations had taken place<br />
in converted rooms in the College’s premises at Amen Corner. The new<br />
building was deisgned by Robert Hooke and paid for by Sir John Cutler.<br />
The frontispiece shows the theatre, topped by its ‘Gilded Pill,’ as Garth later
described it, in an engraving which is, I think, by David Loggan who provided<br />
the frontispiece portrait of Charleton. There is also a long dedication to Cutler<br />
dated 27 March 1679.<br />
Charleton had had an uneasy relationship with the College of Physicians.<br />
Although elected as a candidate in 1650 he failed to secure a fellowship in<br />
1655, presumably because of his support for van Helmont and Paracelsus<br />
and his membership of the Society of Chymical Physicians established in<br />
opposition to the College. He did however become an honorary fellow in<br />
1664 but had to wait till 1667 to become a full member with all privileges. He<br />
was appointed anatomy reader in 1679 and as this book celebrates, had the<br />
honour of delivering the Wrst lectures in the new anatomy theatre. Thereafter<br />
he played a prominent part in college aVairs. (See John Henry in ODNB;<br />
Pagel, Van Helmont, 1982, pp.199–200.)<br />
Rolleston, op. cit. no. 37 above, p. 413.<br />
40<br />
CHIARAMONTI, Scipione (1565–1652)<br />
De sede cometarum, et novorum phaenomen. Libri duo. In primo<br />
contenetur defensio sententiae suae ab oppugnationibus P. Nicoalai<br />
Cabei Iesuitae; et in secondo replicatio Fortunio Liceto.<br />
Forli: ex typographia Cimatiorum, 1648.<br />
8vo: † 8 A–M8 (blank †8), 104 leaves, pp. [16] 192 (including the initial<br />
blank), woodcut initials and decorations, 9 woodcut diagrams in the<br />
text; extensive errata on pp. xiii–xv.<br />
148 x 100mm.<br />
Binding: Contemporary carta rustica, stitched through the cover.<br />
Worn, spine frayed.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary signature ‘Stephanus Longanesivy’ on title,<br />
58 words of errata from the errata list entered in the margins, a 15 line<br />
annotation and a list of 10 authorities (beginning with Galileo) on rear<br />
endleaf; booklabel of Jacobi Manzoni (19th or 20thcentury).<br />
First edition. Carli and Favaro 224; Riccarci I, col. 349, no. 12.<br />
Chiaramonti wrote a number of polemical works defending Aristotelianism<br />
against the new astronomy, in particular the discovery that comets are superlunary,<br />
a serious blow to Aristotelian cosmology. This work is one of the last<br />
publications in the long running controversy over the true nature of comets. In<br />
the Wrst part, Chiaramonti defends himself against the attacks on his writings<br />
by the Jesuit Niccolò Cabeo in his In quatuor libros meteorologicorum Aristotelis<br />
commentaria (1646); and in the second he criticises Fortunio Liceti. Much<br />
of the work is taken up with exposing the errors he believed he had found in<br />
Kepler’s works.
41<br />
CORVISART DES MARETS, Jean Nicolas (1755–1821)<br />
Quaestio medica... An senibus lac ovillum?<br />
Paris: Typis Quillau, Universit. & Facultatis Med. Typograph, 1781.<br />
4to, pp. 4, woodcut headpiece on Wrst page.<br />
251 x 196mm.<br />
Binding: Recent boards.<br />
First edition.<br />
A thesis on the question, Should goat’s milk be given to old people? Corvisart<br />
concludes, as is now recommended, that goat’s milk is suitable for the elderly.<br />
On p. 2 he refers to Leeuwenhoek’s microscopic observations of fat globules in<br />
milk. The thesis was defended by Corvisart on 1 March 1781 with Jean Charles<br />
Desessartz as praeses; he defended another dissertation on 14 November 1782<br />
with Antoine Pierre Demours as praeses.<br />
42<br />
CORVISART DES MARETS, Jean Nicolas (1755–1821)<br />
Essai sur les maladies et les lésions organiques du coeur et<br />
des gros vaisseaux; extrait des leçons cliniques de J. N. Corvisart...<br />
publié, sous ses yeux, par C. E. Horeau... dédié a l’Empereur.<br />
Paris: de l’imprimerie de Migneret [verso of half title:] chez Migneret...<br />
H. Nicolle, 1806.<br />
8vo, pp. [7] x–lvi 484 [2], errata on last leaf, verso blank. Corrections<br />
on p. lvi (the publisher’s? – made before binding).<br />
199 x 119mm. Light foxing.<br />
Binding: Contemporary tree calf, Xat gilt spine, marbled endleaves, marbled<br />
edges. Spine and corners worn, spine slightly defective, joints weak.<br />
First edition. A second edition was published in 1811 and a third in<br />
1818. An English translation was published in Boston and Philadelphia<br />
in 1812. Garrison–Morton 2737; Heirs of Hippocrates 1126; Wellcome<br />
II, p. 394.<br />
‘In this great classic of cardiac literature, Corvisart for the Wrst time so<br />
ordered the symptomatology of heart disease that diVerentiation between<br />
cardiac and pulmonary disease was made possible. He distinguished between<br />
cardiac hypertrophy and dilation, he divided the clinical course of cardiac<br />
failure into three phases, and he showed the relationship between cause and<br />
eVect in valvular disease and cardiac failure. Corvisart was personal physician<br />
to Napoleon and enjoyed a close and loyal relationship with him’ (Heirs of<br />
Hippocrates).<br />
This edition was compiled by E. E. Horeau from notes based on Corvisart’s<br />
lectures and published under Corvisart’s supervision; Corvisart signed the<br />
dedication to Napoleon. Later editions were written by Corvisart himself.<br />
Fredrick A. Willius and Thomas E. Keys, Cardiac classics (1941), pp. 279–290.
43<br />
CROLL, Oswald (c. 1560–1609); PARACELSuS (1493–1541)<br />
Philosophy reformed & improved in four profound tractates.<br />
The I. discovering the great and deep mysteries of nature: by that<br />
learned chymist & physitian Osw: Crollius. The other III. discovering<br />
the wonderfull mysteries of the creation by Paracelsus: being his<br />
philosophy to the Athenians. Both made English by H. Pinnell, for the<br />
increase of learning and true knowledge.<br />
London: printed by M. S[immons]. for Lodowick Lloyd, at the Castle in<br />
Cornhill, 1657.<br />
8vo: A8 a4 B–O8 P4 ; 2A–2D8 2E4 , 156 leaves, pp. [24] 160 171–226; [2]<br />
70. Engraved portrait on A1v, typographic headpieces and woodcut<br />
initials.<br />
153 x 98mm. Headlines cropped, shoulder notes shaved with loss of a<br />
few letters at line endings.<br />
Binding: Recent poslished calf.<br />
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.<br />
First edition. Thomason copy annotated 1 May. ESTC states that the<br />
Latin originals are untraced, but these texts are evidently at least in<br />
part based on the ‘Praefatio admonitoria’ from Croll, Basilica Chymica<br />
(Frankfurt 1609) and Paracelsus, Philosophiae ad Athenienses (Cologne<br />
1564). Wing C7023; ESTC R208771; Duveen p. 454; Neville I, p. 309.<br />
Croll is credited with gaining academic recognition for the value of chemical<br />
remedies and his Basilica Chymica was the Wrst textbook of iatrochemistry<br />
(Gerald Schröder, DSB 3: 471–2). The translator has provided a glossary of<br />
Crollian and Paracelsian terminology. The engraved frontispiece is a portrait<br />
of Paracelsus.<br />
44<br />
DAVISSON (or DAVISON), William (c. 1593–1669);<br />
SEVERINuS, Petrus (1542–1602)<br />
[Commentariorum... prodromus] Commentariorum in sublimis<br />
philosophi & incomparabilis viri Petri Severini Dani Ideam Medicinae<br />
Philosophicae, propediem prodituorum prodromus. In quo Platonicae<br />
doctrinae explicantur fundamenta, super quae Hippocrates, Paracelsus<br />
& Severinus: nec non ex antithesi, Aristoteles & Galenus sua stabilivere<br />
dogmata.<br />
The Hague: ex typographia Adriani Vlacq, 1660.<br />
4to: )( 4 2)( 2 A–4T4 4V2 , 360 leaves, pp. [12] 708. Without the two<br />
leaves of errata bound at the end in some copies. Title printed in red<br />
and black; full page engravings on pp. 103 and 646, engraved arms on<br />
the sectional title on p. 539.<br />
[bound, as issued, with:]
SEVERINuS, Idea medicinae philosophicae<br />
The Hague: ex typographia Adriani Vlacq, 1660.<br />
4to: )( 4 A–2D4 (blank 2D4), 112 leaves, pp. 224. Typographic<br />
ornaments on title, woodcut initials.<br />
Two inserted leaves: 1 engraved leaf facing p. 1 and a letterpress table<br />
facing p. 50.<br />
196 x 150mm. Titlepage soiled. Occasional light foxing and<br />
waterstaining but a good fresh and clean copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary calf, gilt spine. Joints cracked, corners worn,<br />
front free endleaf removed.<br />
Provenance: Faint old owner’s stamp ‘P. Dehordes à Bourbon Lt<br />
(allter)’ [transcription uncertain].<br />
First edition of the Prodromus, issued with the third edition of Severinus<br />
Idea (Wrst 1571). Reprinted at Rotterdam in 1668. Bibliographia<br />
Aberdonensis p. 387; Krivatsy 3067 and 11186; Wellcome II, p. 436;<br />
Duveen p. 159; Neville I, p. 330 and II, p. 461.<br />
This is the ‘Prodromus’ or preliminary treatise – massive though it is – to<br />
Dav isson’s Commentary on Severinus, Idea medicinae philosophicae which was<br />
issued by Vlacq in 1663. Owen Hannaway calls the Commentaria Davisson’s<br />
‘most ambitious work’ which ‘marks Davison as a devoted Paracelsian<br />
theorist, but by the time of its appearance it was somewhat outdated, since<br />
iatrochemical theory had come to be dominated by the work of J. B. van<br />
Helmont’. (For Pagel’s copy of Severinus’ Idea, the ‘Wrst major synthesis of<br />
the Paracelsian corpus’ see my Catalogue 41, no. 115.)<br />
The present Prodromus and the 1663 Commentaria are, Ferguson notes,<br />
‘quite diVerent’. However, a number of commentators from Johnstone and<br />
Robertson in Bibliographia Aberdonensis to Hannaway in DSB cite Ferguson<br />
but ignore his note and state that the Commentaria of 1663 is the second<br />
edition of the Prodromus of 1660. Interestingly the Prodromus was reprinted<br />
in 1668 while there were no further editions of the Commentaria. Davisson<br />
provided an index to both works in his Theophrasti Veridici Scoti doctoris medici<br />
Plicomastix (1668), a work noted for being ‘the Wrst work printed in Aberdeen<br />
for publication in a foreign country’ (Bibliographia Aberdonensis p. 416).<br />
William Davisson was born in Aberdeen and emigrated to France when<br />
his family fell on hard times, as he explains in the present work (p. 407), and<br />
there married a fellow Scot. He may have qualiWed as a doctor at Montpellier.<br />
He was befriended by Jean Baptiste Morin and in 1626 began lecturing<br />
on chemistry at Paris and published his most important work Philosophia<br />
pyrotechnica (1633–5), a wide ranging chemistry textbook. In 1644 he became<br />
Wrst physician to Louis XIII and in 1647 he was appointed as the Wrst professor<br />
of chemistry at the Jardin du Roi. This was the Wrst chair of chemistry in<br />
France. He resigned this post in 1651 and became Wrst physician to King Jan<br />
Kazimierz of Poland and keeper of the royal garden. He returned brieXy to<br />
Aberdeen in 1667 and then back to Paris where Louis XIV ratiWed his patent<br />
of nobility.<br />
Some copies have a two leaf section of errata bound at the end, not noticed<br />
in the Bibliographia Aberdonensis. It has clearly never been present in this
copy, whose binding is undisturbed, and was presumably issued later. STCN<br />
describes the Wnal gathering as 4V4 and calls for additional signatures at the<br />
end. This is incorrect. The last gathering is 4V2 and the errata, where present<br />
should be designated c2 . The STCN record is based on the university of<br />
Amsterdam copy, OTM: O 626905. That copy is bound with Davisson’s<br />
Plicomastix (1668), mentioned above, which accounts for the additional<br />
signatures in the formula.<br />
Ferguson I, p. 201; J. Read, ‘The Wrst British professor of chemistry’, Ambix, 9<br />
(1961), 70–101; Owen Hannaway, DSB 3, 596–7 (Hannaway cites the Prodromus<br />
as though it was the Commentaria); Lawrence M. Principe in ODNB.<br />
45<br />
DESCARTES, René (1596–1650)<br />
Epistolae, partim ab auctore Latino sermone conscriptae, partim ex<br />
Gallico translatae. In quibus omnis generis quaestiones philosophicae<br />
tractantur, & explicantur plurimae diYcultates quae in reliquis eius<br />
operibus occurrunt. Pars prima [–secunda]... Londini, impensis<br />
Joh: Dunmore, & Octaviani Pulleyn, ad insigne Regis, in vico Little<br />
Brittaine dicto.<br />
— Epistolae... In quibus responderat ad plures diYcultates ipsi<br />
propositas in Dioptrica, Geometria, variisque aliarum scientiarum<br />
subjectis. Pars Tertia. Amstelodami, ex typographia Blaviana.<br />
London and Amsterdam, 1668, 1683.<br />
3 volumes 4to: volume 1: A–3A4 , 188 leaves, pp. [8] 368, woodcut<br />
illustration on title; volume 2: 2<br />
* A–3D4 3E2 3F2 , 206, pp. [4] 404 [4],<br />
woodcut illustration on title and woodcut diagrams and illustrations<br />
in the text; volume 3: * – 4<br />
** , A–3G4 3H2 , 222 leaves, pp. [16] 427 [1]<br />
(last page blank). Woodcut printer’s device on title, woodcut initials,<br />
diagrams and illustrations in the text.<br />
14 plates of woodcut diagrams in volume 1 (bound as throwouts).<br />
204 x 153mm. A few rust spots in volume 3. Fine fresh and clean<br />
copies.<br />
Binding: Contemporary English mottled calf, blind panelled sides, red<br />
lettering pieces, red sprinkled edges. Surface of leather pitted from<br />
mottling acid, joints cracked but cords holding, corners and spine<br />
ends worn, lettering pieces on vols 1 and 2 chipped, that from vol. 3<br />
missing.<br />
Provenance: Christ’s College, Oxford with engraved bookplates and<br />
MS shelfmarks (bookplate removed from volume 3).<br />
Vol. I, London 1668, reprint of Wrst Latin edition (Wrst Latin, Amsterdam,<br />
Daniel Elzevier, 1668); vol. II, London 1668, Wrst Latin edition,<br />
London issue (Amsterdam issue, Daniel Elzevier, 1668); vol. III,<br />
Amsterdam, 1683, Wrst Latin edition. Revised translations of Lettres de<br />
Monsieur Descartes (3 vols, Paris, 1657–1667). There were many later<br />
editions. Guibert, Lettres 10 and 11; Wing D1130; ESTC R3603.
Descartes’ correspondence supplements and comments on a wide range of<br />
subjects in his published works concerning philosophy, physiology, mathematics<br />
and natural philosophy. Many of the letters are illustrated. Some<br />
352 letters are included in these volumes (almost half the letters in modern<br />
editions), including many addressed to Hobbes, Fermat, De Roberval, Henry<br />
More, Mersenne, Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia and Queen Christina of<br />
Sweden. The title to volume 3 announces that the letters reply to diYculties<br />
relating to Descartes’ works on dioptrics, geometry and various other scientiWc<br />
subjects.<br />
When Descartes left for Sweden he left a suitcase of papers to be opened<br />
after his death. Few if any of the letters printed here come from that collection.<br />
Descartes took another suitcase of letters with him, some of which he had<br />
already prepared for publication. When he died in his Wrst winter in Sweden<br />
his letters came into the possession of HectorPierre Chanut (1600–1662),<br />
the French ambassador in Sweden. He began to arrange them for publication<br />
with the help of Christiaan Huygens but in the end handed them over to<br />
Claude Clerselier (1614–1684), who had already started to translate and edit<br />
a selection based on draft letters in his possession. Clerselier’s French edition,<br />
Lettres de Monsieur Descartes, (3 volumes, Paris, Charles Angot, 1657–1667) is<br />
the Wrst collective edition of Descartes correspondence.<br />
Although the Latin edition is basically a translation of the Clerselier’s French<br />
edition, the editor, who remains anonymous, had access to other texts and in<br />
some cases the texts printed in the Epistolae are closer to the originals.<br />
The publishing history of the Latin edition is complex. Daniel Elzevier<br />
intended to print all three volumes, as is clear from the preface to the Wrst volume,<br />
but only issued the Wrst two, in 1668, with coeditions issued in London.<br />
After Elzevier’s death, Blaeu took over the publication, reprinted the Wrst two<br />
volumes in 1682 and printed the third volume in 1683 (see Willems, Les Elzevier<br />
1393 and Berghman’s Supplément 369). This set, in contemporary English<br />
bindings is made up of the London issues of the Wrst two volumes, perhaps<br />
purchased on publication, or held by a bookseller, and the Amsterdam edition<br />
of the third volume. There was never a London issue of the third volume.<br />
The London isssues of the Wrst two volumes are diVerent from each other<br />
in that the Wrst is an entirely new setting, bibliographically therefore a new<br />
edition, while the second is a reissue of the Amsterdam edition, with only the<br />
two preliminary leaves reset. In both cases however it is clear that Elzevier<br />
was directly involved. In the Wrst volume the same blocks are used for printing<br />
the illustrations in both the Amsterdam and London editions (in the London<br />
edition they are printed on inserted leaves, rather than integrated with the text).<br />
The type is almost identical but not quite. I have been unable to determine if<br />
the text of the London volume 1 was printed in London and the woodcut plates<br />
in Amsterdam; or all in London; or all in Amsterdam. On the other hand,<br />
the typography of the prelims, the use of the same initial letter P (Berghman,<br />
Etudes sur la bibliographie Elzevirienne no. 325) and a text woodcut used as a<br />
titlepage device, strongly suggest that these leaves were set and printed in<br />
Amsterdam. This is probably also the case in the second volume, the prelims<br />
of which are reset for the London issue, using the same text woodcut on the<br />
titlepage. It seems certain that there was close collaboration between Elzevier<br />
in Amsterdam and Dunmore and Pulleyn in London, but that this relationship<br />
was lost when Blaeu took over the publication.
Willems and Berghman do not mention the London issues; Guibert lists<br />
them (Lettres no. 11) but had not seen copies.<br />
For a detailed account of the origin of the correspondence and the textual<br />
issues, see the introduction to the pilot edition of the correspondence for 1643:<br />
Theo Verbeek, ErikJan Bos and Jeroen van de Ven, The Correspondence of René<br />
Descartes 1643 (2003). In Quaestiones InWnitae, Publications of the Department of<br />
Philosophy, utrecht university, vol. 45 and online at http://igiturarchive.library.<br />
uu.nl/ph/20050309013011/index.htm (accessed 9/01/2010).<br />
46<br />
Du HAMEL, JeanBaptiste (1624–1706)<br />
and Pierre PETIT (1598–1677)<br />
Astronomia physica, seu de luce, natura, et motibus corporum<br />
caelestium libri duo. In priori libro de lumine, & coloribus agitur. In<br />
posteriori universa astronomia tum speculatrix, tum practica physicè,<br />
& geometricè, citra Euclidis opem demonstratur. Accessere Petri Petiti<br />
Observationes aliquot eclipsium solis & lunae; cum dissertationibus de<br />
latitudine Lutetiae, declinatione magnetis, necnon de novo systemate<br />
mundi quod anonymus dudum proposuit.<br />
Paris: apud Petrum Lamy, secundâ columnâ magnae Aulae Palatii, sub<br />
Magno Caesare, 1660.<br />
4to: ã4 e˜ 4 ĩ4 A–2E4 † 2 (–† 4 ) * –2 4<br />
* 3* 2 a–h4 (–h4 ), 167 leaves, pp. [24]<br />
224 [24] 61 [1]. Woodcut device on title, woodcut head and tailpieces<br />
and initials, woodcut diagrams in the text, several full page.<br />
213 x 165mm. Lower outer corners dampstained and frayed; light<br />
discolouration throughout.<br />
Binding: Eighteenthcentury pastepaper boards. Lower corners<br />
heavily worn, spine rubbed.<br />
Provenance: Old signature on title ‘J. M. Stembruck’.<br />
First edition. Lalande p. 247.<br />
Du Hamel’s major work on planetary astronomy and the nature of light and<br />
colours. It contains at the end a series of papers by Petit on the solar eclipse<br />
visible from Paris on 14 November 1639, on magnetic dip, and the system of<br />
the world. Du Hamel’s Wrst astronomical work, his Wrst publication, was the<br />
Elementa astronomica (1643), a short primer on astronomy which ‘testiWes to<br />
his ability’ (Costabel). Yet despite this and Costabel’s conWdence that ‘the<br />
works he published in 1660 and 1663 assure his reputation,’ Costabel’s short<br />
DSB article is the only modern account of Du Hamel and his works, apart<br />
from a paper by J. MacLean comparing his colour theory with those of La<br />
Chambre and Vossius. Apparently it was only his contemporary reputation<br />
that was assured. He is better known as the Wrst secretary of the Académie<br />
Royale des Sciences and its Wrst historian.<br />
Pierre Petit fared worse than Du Hamel with his contemporaries and was<br />
ignored by Colbert in his initial selection of members of the Académie Royale<br />
in 1666. This surprising neglect was emphasised by his election as one of the<br />
Wrst foreign fellows of the Royal Society of London in April 1667.
Pierre Costabel, ‘JeanBaptiste Du Hamel,’ DSB 4:221–222; Martin Fichman,<br />
‘Pierre Petit,’ DSB 10:546–7; J. MacLean, ‘De kleurentheorie van de Aristotlianen<br />
en de opvattingen van De la Chambre, Duhamel, en Vossius in de periode<br />
1640–1670’, Scientiarum Historia 10 (1968) 208–221.<br />
47<br />
EINSTEIN, Albert (1879–1955)<br />
and Marcel GROSSMANN (1878–1936)<br />
Entwurf einer verallgemeinerten Relativitätstheorie und einer<br />
Theorie der Gravitation. I. Physikalischer Teil von Albert Einstein.<br />
II. Mathematischer Teil von Marcel Grossmann.<br />
Leipzig and Berlin: Druck und Verlag von B. G. Teubner [verso of title]<br />
Separatabdruck aus Zeitschrift für Mathematik und Physik, Band 62, 1913.<br />
8vo, pp. 38.<br />
243 x 163mm. Light toning.<br />
Binding: Contemporary boards with cloth spine, original printed wrappers<br />
(with advertisements) mounted on upper and lower boards. Minor<br />
rubbing.<br />
Provenance: Small owners stamp of Julius Ott on titlepage.<br />
OVprint from Zeitschrift für Mathematik und Physik 62 (1913), 225–244.<br />
Weil 58a; Norman 693.<br />
‘One of the turningpoints in the development of relativity theory. Einstein<br />
had realized that he could proceed no further without expert mathematical<br />
help, and called upon his friend Marcel Grossmann to supply it.’ (Norman<br />
Catalogue.)<br />
‘This step was immense in its implications: (a) it forced the abandonment<br />
of the Newtonian notion that the gravitational Weld could be characterized<br />
by one scalar function, the gravitational potential; (b) it forced on Einstein<br />
the notion that gravitation is explicitly related to the geometrical structure of<br />
spacetime.’ (Nandor L. Balazs, DSB 4:327a.)<br />
‘These oVprints are printed from the same setting as the text, but often<br />
with a new pagination. I have often been asked about the number of these<br />
oV prints. It seems to be certain that there were few before 1914.’ (Ernst<br />
Weil, quoted in Zeitlin & ver Brugge Catalogue 214 (1966), no. 84, possibly<br />
a private communication).<br />
48<br />
EINSTEIN, Albert (1879–1955)<br />
Zur Einheitlichen Feldtheorie.<br />
Berlin: Verlag der Akademie er Wissenschaften in kommission bei Walter de<br />
Gruyter u. co. [on p. 8:] gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1929.<br />
8vo, pp. 8.<br />
257 x 180mm. Slightly creased.
Binding: Contemporary pastepaper boards, original orange printed<br />
wrappers bound in. Price on title scored through.<br />
OVprint from Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.<br />
Phys.-math. Klasse 1 (1929) 2–7. Weil 168; Norman Catalogue 700;<br />
Printing and the Mind of Man 416 (with four other papers).<br />
The third of a series of Wve papers published between 1925 and 1929 in which<br />
Einstein attempted to develop a uniWed theory of gravitation and electricity<br />
– the uniWed Weld theory.<br />
49<br />
EINSTEIN, Albert (1879–1955), and Walther MAYER (b. 1887–1848)<br />
SemiVektoren und Spinoren.<br />
Berlin: Verlag der Academie der Wissenschaften in kommission bei Walter<br />
de Gruyter u. co. [on p. 31:] gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1932.<br />
4to, pp. 31.<br />
255 x 181mm.<br />
Binding: Original orange printed wrappers. Small chip to lower wrapper.<br />
OVprint from Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.<br />
Phys.-math. Klasse 32 (1932) 522–550. Weil 186.<br />
One of three papers published with Mayer on the uniWed Weld theory.<br />
50<br />
ELLIOTSON, John (1791–1868)<br />
Numerous cases of surgical operations without pain in the<br />
mesmeric state with remarks upon the opposition of many members<br />
of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society and others to the<br />
reception of the inestimable blessings of mesmerism.<br />
London: H. Ballière (Walton and Mitchell, printers), 1843.<br />
8vo, pp. 93 [1], without the final leaf, an advertisement for<br />
other works by the author.<br />
213 x 138mm<br />
Binding: Contemporary half morocco, morocco grained cloth sides.<br />
Spine ends and corners worn.<br />
Provenance: ‘Dr Inglis, Halifax’, signature on p. 5 and his marginal<br />
marks in pencil and annotations in pencil and ink. Walter Pagel’s<br />
signature, undated, on pastedown.<br />
First edition. Garrison–Morton 5650.2; Fulton and Stanton I.14;<br />
Wellcome II, p. 519.<br />
Elliotson was one of the Wrst in England to use hypnosis in surgery. His<br />
views were hotly opposed and here, as well as giving the Wrst account of his<br />
procedures, he responds to his critics.
‘This records in detail the case of a 42yearold laborer with ulcerated knee<br />
who while mesmerized had his leg amputated by W. Squire Ward. A lively<br />
verbal tilt followed when the case was reported, and the bulk of the book is<br />
taken up with details of the controversy which Elliotson set down with all the<br />
zeal of a Scottish Covenanter. Other cases are then described. On page 65<br />
Elliotson uses the word “anaesthesia”.’ (Fulton and Stanton pp. 16–17.)<br />
The former owner of this copy, who evidently read the text closely, one Dr<br />
Inglis of Halifax, is presumbly James Inglis (1813–1851) who specialised in<br />
the treatment of goiter. There is a photographic portrait of him by Hill and<br />
Adamson in the George Eastman House, Rochester, NY, dated between 1843<br />
and 1847 (GEH NEG: 42820).<br />
John F. Fulton and Madeline E. Stanton, The centennial of Surgical Anesthesia<br />
(1946).<br />
51<br />
ENT, George (1604–1689)<br />
Antidiatribe [Greek] sive animadversiones in Malachiae<br />
Thrustoni, M.D. Diatribam de respirationis usu primario.<br />
London: J. M. for William Bromwich, 1679.<br />
8vo: p2 B–P4 (blank P4), 110 leaves, pp. [4] 214 [2].<br />
Engraved frontispiece portrait by R. White.<br />
169 x 106. Light soiling and paper discolouration.<br />
Binding: Contemporary black morocco, gilt panelled sides, gilt spine,<br />
marbled endleaves, gilt edges. Spine rubbed, corners worn.<br />
Provenance: Early shelf mark 1:0.1492 on endleaf; nineteenthcentury<br />
signature J. Rennsay; Bernard Quaritch Ltd (cost code on rear<br />
pastedown).<br />
First edition. Wing E3134; ESTC R2864; Wellcome II, p. 586;<br />
Krivatsy 3665.<br />
In the introduction to his De respiratione of 1670, Malachi Thruston had<br />
implied that his work had been approved by Ent, who had just been elected<br />
president of the College of Physicians. This was probably the reason that Ent<br />
took the trouble to write this learned reply, a wide ranging review of research<br />
on respiration with reference to the works of Thomas Willis, Malpighi, Harvey,<br />
Boyle, Hooke and other contemporary physiologists. He also discusses his<br />
own Apologia pro circulatione sanguinis (1641) in defence of Harvey.<br />
An original member of the Royal Society, Ent was a close friend of William<br />
Harvey and persuaded him to publish De generatio animalium in 1650, to which<br />
he contributed an introduction. He was also intimate with Hooke and refers to<br />
Hooke’s work on respiration and combustion in Micrographia (1665). Hooke<br />
came very close to the discovery of oxygen. He discovered that something in<br />
the air was used up both in combustion and respiration, but the importance<br />
of this discovery was ignored for over a hundred years.
52<br />
ENT, George (1604–1689)<br />
Opera omnia medicophysica... Nunc primum junctim edita, a<br />
plurimis mendis repurgata, ac indice capitum, rerum et verborum<br />
accuratissimo aucta & ornata.<br />
Leiden: apud Petrum Vander Aa, 1687.<br />
8vo: 8<br />
* (–* 8 A–2S8 , 333 of 334 leaves, pp. [30] 629 [27] (last page<br />
blank). Engraved title by Schoonebeek printed on * 1; lacking the<br />
engraved portrait printed on * 8 (replaced with an impression<br />
of the portrait to Antidiatribe, London, 1679), 2D2 titlepage to<br />
‘Antidiatribe’ dated 1686; woodcut printer’s device on title, small<br />
engraved illustrations on pp. 148 and 150.<br />
160 x 98mm. Very light browning, a good fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, red edges.<br />
First combined edition of Apologia pro circulatione sanguinis (London, 1641,<br />
reprinted 1685) and Antidiatribe (1679). Krivatsy 3664; Wellcome II p. 526.<br />
‘Ent’s Wrst book, Apologia pro circulatione sanguinis (1641), dedicated to Harvey,<br />
counterattacked the antiHarveian Emilio Parigiano and emphasized the<br />
importance of experiment. It also contained remarks on respiration that spoke<br />
of the importance of a nitre in air and water, which inspired later work among<br />
English physiologists.’ (Harold J. Cook in ODNB.)<br />
Pagel refers to Ent’s historical discussion of the blood as a ‘source of Wre’,<br />
citing the Apologia, in the present edition, pp. 173 and 185 (Pagel, New Light<br />
on William Harvey, p. 165).<br />
This edition was issued with a slightly reduced and reversed copy, unsigned,<br />
of the portrait of Ent by White in the Antidiatribe (London, 1679) (Renate<br />
Burgess, Portraits of Doctors and Scientists in the Wellcome Institute of the History<br />
of Medicine, 1973, 910). In this copy the White portrait has been pasted in, to<br />
replace the correct portrait which is missing.<br />
53<br />
EuLER, Leonhard (1707–1783)<br />
Vernünftige Gedanken von dem Raume dem Orth der Dauer<br />
und der Zeit theils aus dem Französischen des H. Professor Eulers<br />
übersetzt theils aus verschiedenen ungedruckten Briefen dieses<br />
berühmten Manners mitgetheilt.<br />
Quedlingburg: bey Gottfried Heinrich Schwans Wittwe, 1763.<br />
8vo: )( 8 A–O 8 P 4 , 124 leaves, pp. 248.<br />
173 x 105mm. A good fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary glazed paper boards, red sprinkled edges.<br />
Binding soiled and a little worn.<br />
Provenance: undeciphered inscriptions on endleaves; nineteenthcentury<br />
armorial bookplate ‘Bibliotheca SeckendorWana’.
First edition in German and the only separate edition, a translation of<br />
‘RéXexions sur l’éspace et le tems’, Mémoires de l’académie des sciences<br />
de Berlin 4 (1750) 324–333. Euler Archive 149A.<br />
‘Euler outlays his views on the relation between Metaphysics and Mechanics.<br />
The truths of mechanics are “so indubitably constant” that they must be<br />
founded in the natures of bodies. Metaphysics is the study of the nature of<br />
bodies, therefore the laws of Mechanics constrain Metaphysical theories. In<br />
fact, any Metaphysical idea or conclusion corresponding to a Mechanical one<br />
must agree in all its implications with Mechanics. This applies in particular<br />
to space and time. Real, absolute, space and time are assumed by the laws of<br />
Mechanics. Therefore, Metaphysical arguments for the unreality of space and<br />
time must be unfounded and “hide some parlogism”.’ (The Euler Archive:<br />
http://www.math.dartmouth.edu/~euler/)<br />
54<br />
FABRICI, Girolamo, Fabricius of Aquapendente (1533–c. 1619)<br />
De brutorum loquela.<br />
Padua: ex typographia Laurentii Pasquati, 1603.<br />
Folio, p4 (–p4) A–D2 , 17 leaves, pp. [6] 27 [1] (last page blank). Index<br />
on p3. Woodcut printer’s device on title, woodcut initials.<br />
388 x 250mm. Lower margins dampstained and paper weakened.<br />
Binding: Recent half calf.<br />
Provenance: Purchased from Bernard Quaritch Ltd (cost code on rear<br />
pastedown).<br />
First edition, originally issued with De formato foeto and other works by<br />
Fabricius without a general titlepage. There was a Frankfurt eiditon of<br />
the collection, Anatomices et chirurgiae... tractatus quatuor (1625) and<br />
the original sheets were reissued, but without the prelims, in Opera<br />
physica anatomica (Padua, Meglietti, 1625). See Wellcome 2119 and<br />
Krivatsy 3804.<br />
A treatise on the production of sounds by animals. It was one of the treatises<br />
intended to form part of Fabrici’s monumental Totius animalis fabricae<br />
theatrum which was never completed.<br />
This work was issued with De formato foetu (1604), De venarum osteolis<br />
(1603) and De locutione et eius instrumentis liber (1603). De formato foetu has a<br />
Wne engraved titlepage, but there is no general titlepage. It is unclear if De<br />
brutorum loquela was issued independently. The present copy was probably<br />
extracted from a volume with all four treatises.<br />
55<br />
FAuST, Johann Michael (1663–1707)<br />
Compendium alchymist. novum, sive Pandora explicata & figuris<br />
illustrata, das ist die Edelste Gabe Gottes oder ein güldener Schatz.<br />
Frankfurt and Leipzig: Verlegts Johann Zieger, 1706.
8vo: )( 6 )( 8 A–3Q8 3R8 (–3R8) 3S–3Z8 4A–4K8 4L1 (=3R8?); (A)–(F) 8<br />
(G) 4 ; 2A–O8 2P6 , 816 leaves, double page title and pp. [24] 1071 (i.e.<br />
1070, 1055 omitted) [194]; 104; 236. Title in red and black, woodcut<br />
illustrations in the text.<br />
Double page engraved title signed ‘I. C. Marchand fecit, in Nürnberg’<br />
and 19 full page engravings numbered A–T (A at p. 210; B–M<br />
between pp. 968 and 991; N–T between pp. 1008 and 1023).<br />
167 x 109mm. Some gatherings lightly browned, a good fresh and<br />
clean copy.<br />
Binding: Bound as two volumes in later eighteenthcentury half calf<br />
over sprinkled boards, Italian pastepaper endleaves, sprinkled edges.<br />
An engraving of a chemical laboratory by I. Veenhuysen is pasted to<br />
an endleaf in the Wrst volume and a manuscript titleleaf is added to the<br />
second. Lower joint of Wrst volume cracked and torn, minor wear to<br />
other joints and corners.<br />
First edition. Ferguson I, p. 265.<br />
A massive compilation centred on a reprint of Reusner’s Pandora (Basle 1582)<br />
with a preface by Faust and numerous extracts and parallel passages from all<br />
the main alchemical writers.<br />
The Wrst edition of Pandora is one of the rarest books in the history of<br />
alchemy, celebrated for its remarkable illustrations combining Christian<br />
symbolism with alchemical operations. It is based on one of the earliest<br />
German alchemical manuscripts, ‘Der buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit’ (the<br />
text of which has apparently never been printed), of which the earliest copies<br />
have been dated to 1415–16. Alchemical emblems only began to appear in<br />
manuscripts around 1400. Reusner, a native of Lemberg in Silesia, gained<br />
his MD at Basle and became town physician to Hof in Vogtland and then<br />
at Nördlingen. He was apparently only the editor of the book, whose real<br />
authorship is obscure and contested (Ferguson, i. p. 265).<br />
In this edition, the famous woodcuts of Pandora are Wnely reproduced as<br />
engravings. In addition there is a vast ‘Index rerum’ (pp. [194]); a ‘Lexicon<br />
Alchemiae’ by Faust (pp. 104); and Wnally a ‘Summarischer BegriV’ (pp.<br />
236). The last two parts are apparently not always present, or present in a<br />
diVerent form. For example the Getty Research Institute copy has only a<br />
96 page section after the ‘Index rerum’. The present copy conforms to the<br />
description of the Young copy given by Ferguson.<br />
In addition to this edition, Pagel owned Dyson Perrins’ copy of the Wrst<br />
edition of Pandora, see my Catalogue 41, no. 105.<br />
56<br />
FIORAVANTI, Leonardo (1518–1588)<br />
Three exact pieces of Leonard Phioravant Knight, and Doctor<br />
in Physick, viz. his rationall secrets, and chirurgery, reviewed and<br />
revived. Together with a book of excellent experiments and secrets,<br />
collected out of the practises of severall expert men in both faculties.<br />
Whereunto is annexed Paracelsus his One hundred and fourteen
experiments: with certain excellent works of B. G. à Portu Aquitano.<br />
Also Isaac Hollandus his Secrets concerning his vegetall and animall<br />
work. With Quercetanus his Spagyrick antidotary for gunshot.<br />
London: printed by G. Dawson, and are to be sold by William Nealand, at<br />
his shop at the sign of the Crown in Duck-lane, 1652.<br />
4to: pA4 A–2A4 2B4 bb2 , 2C–3N4 3O4 , pp. [8] 16 [2] 180 (with several<br />
internal errors of pagination); [2] 106; [10] 92 (i.e. 72, 69–88 omitted);<br />
[12] 75 [1] (last page blank). Fleuron border to title, woodcut<br />
headpieces and initials; subsidiary titlepages dated 1652 on 2B4, 2Q2<br />
and 3C3 repeating the wording of the general title.<br />
172 x 128mm. A small copy with several headlines and catchwords<br />
shaved; title browned and dust soiled and Xeuron border cropped;<br />
waterstained with some weakening of the paper.<br />
Binding: Contemporary blind ruled calf, rebacked, new endleaves.<br />
Corners worn.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary inscription on titlepage, partially erased,<br />
‘William [?] his book’ and another early signature ‘Farringdel’; a few<br />
words of contemporary annotation on Z1; inscription on rear endleaf<br />
about one Jacob who ‘commited one fault and a Material one’ on June<br />
19, 1709 (I can’t decipher what the misdemeanour was); Liverpool<br />
Medical Institution with library labels on endleaves and small stamp<br />
on titlepage and several other pages.<br />
First edition of this compendium, assembled by William Johnson<br />
chieXy from translations by John Hester, Wrst printed in 1582, of<br />
Del compendio de i secreti rationali (1564) and La cirurgia (1580). The<br />
Thomason copy is annotated 1 October 1652: ESTC gives the date<br />
as ‘1652 [i. e. 1651]’, it is not clear on what basis. Wing F953; ESTC<br />
R211011; Wellcome III, p. 27; Krivatsy 4079; SudhoV 370; Norman<br />
Library 797; Neville I, p. 456.<br />
Fioravanti’s works were enormously popular and were regularly reprinted<br />
in Italian, and English editions of several of his works had appeared around<br />
1580 in translations by John Hester. These are important for introducing<br />
Paracelsian chemical remedies to England – though not, Debus points out,<br />
Paracelsian philosophy since Hester chose to translate only texts with recipes,<br />
avoiding more theoretical works (Debus pp. 68–9).<br />
Aside from the interest of bringing Fioravanti’s writings back into print 100<br />
years after they were written, this edition provides a fascinating commentary<br />
on the row between the College of Physicans and Nicholas Culpeper.<br />
‘OYcially, the College’s response to [Culpeper’s translation of their<br />
pharmacopoeia] was one of digniWed silence. unoYcially, dissecting knives<br />
were drawn. William Johnson, the College’s chemist, wrote a vitriolic personal<br />
attack added to the Wrst publication that came to hand, a translation of an<br />
obscure medical work by the Italian physician Leonardo Fioravanti entitled<br />
Three Exact Pieces. Giving Nicholas a taste of his own medicine, Johnson<br />
accused him of being ignorant, arrogant, and even licentious... Johnson’s<br />
attack was not openly endorsed by the College, but it was signed “From<br />
Amen Corner”.’ (Woolley pp. 295–6.)
The attack on Culpeper occupies four pages (B1–4, pp. 9–16) addressed<br />
to ‘Friend Culpepr[sic]’ containing the often quoted insult that of the<br />
Pharmacopoeia, ‘Culpeper hath made Culpaper, paper Wt to wipe ones breech<br />
withall’. This follows an only slightly less intemperate attack on ‘the Book<br />
lately Published by one who stiles himselfe Noah Biggs, Helmontii Psittacum’,<br />
i.e. Biggs, Mataeotechnia medicinae praxeos, dated 1651 on the titlepage and<br />
probably published in March 1652.<br />
Allen G. Debus, The English Paracelsians (1965), pp. 66–69; Benjamin Woolley,<br />
The herbalist. Nicholas Culpeper and the Wght for medical freedom (2004).<br />
57<br />
FLuDD, Robert (1574–1637)<br />
Clavis philosophiae et alchymiae Fluddanae. Sive Roberti Fluddi...<br />
ad epistolicam Petri Gassendi Theologi Exercitationem Responsum.<br />
Frankfurt: Prostant apud Guihelmum Fitzerum, 1633.<br />
Folio: A–L4 , 44 leaves, pp. 87 [1] (last page blank). Large<br />
engraved device on title, woodcut headpieces and initials.<br />
295 x 193mm. Light browning.<br />
Binding: Nineteenthcentury sprinkled boards. Spine torn.<br />
Bound after part of another work by Fludd, see below.<br />
Provenance: Inscriptions on title of Wrst item in volume,<br />
‘Ex bibliotheca D: Brix de Wakenbirggs. Archiat:<br />
FürstendorV’ [transcription uncertain]; and, probably<br />
later, ‘Anton v. Lancsz Zeibehyrung’ [transcription<br />
uncertain]; owner’s monogram stamp ‘R. C.’ on<br />
pastedown and ‘Collationnécomplet’ with the same<br />
initials in red ink.<br />
First edition. Ferguson I, p. 283.<br />
Clavis philosophiae is ‘a reply to the anatomical and physiological<br />
arguments assembled by Gassendi against Fludd’s ideas on<br />
the movement of the blood. The former still believed in the<br />
percolation of the Wner – purer – part of the venous blood from<br />
the right heart to the left across the septum. Fludd strenu ously<br />
denied the existence of such interventricular communications<br />
and ex plain ed Gassendi’s Wndings in terms of artefacts. Fludd<br />
continues: “This inquiry was carried out many times with<br />
great diligence by several of my colleagues and particularly by<br />
Dr Harvey, most expert anatomist, as he himself put the<br />
matter to the test exhaustively for his own sake – the circulation<br />
of the blood; however, not in any of many cadavers examined<br />
did he Wnd anything like this; neither did I nor others when<br />
scrutinising the septum of the heart with sharp and lynxlike<br />
eyes”.’ (Pagel, William Harvey’s Biological Ideas, p. 114.)<br />
Note in Pagel’s hand; ‘p. 34 in the second work (Clavis)<br />
on Harvey cc interventricular heart septum’; and on a slip
tipped in: ‘II Clavis... on p. 34 about Harvey demonstrating absence of interventricular<br />
pores and Fludd watching over his shoulders’.<br />
This copy of the Clavis is bound after Fludd, Summum bonum, quod est<br />
verum Magiae, Cabalae, Alchymiae Verae, Fratrum Roseae Crucis verorum,<br />
(Frankfurt, 1629. Folio: AA–GG 4 , 28 leaves, pp. 53, i.e. 55, 37–38 repeated,<br />
[1]. Large engraved device on title, woodcut headpieces and initials). This is<br />
part 3 only of Medicina Catholica (Frankfurt, 1629–1631).<br />
58<br />
FLuDD, Robert (1574–1637)<br />
Philosophia moysaica. In qua sapientia & scientia creationis &<br />
creaturarum sacra veréque Christiana.<br />
Gouda: excudebat Petrus Rammazenius, bibliopola, 1638.<br />
Folio: ( * ) 4 A–2N4 , 148 leaves, V. [4] 152 (i.e. 144, V. 97–111 numbered<br />
as pages). Halftitle/explanation of the titleengraving on ( * )1, main<br />
title on ( * )2, sectional title on R2. Large engraving on general title,<br />
with another state of the same engraving, cut down and with<br />
lettering added, on sectional title, 4 further engravings in the<br />
text (on V. 4r, 52v/53r, the same engraving repeated, 66r and<br />
78v); woodcut headpieces, woodcut diagrams and illustrations.<br />
[second part:]<br />
Responsum ad Hoplocrismaspongum M. Fosteri<br />
presbiteri, ab ipso, ad unguenti amarii validitatem<br />
delendam ordinatum, hoc est, Spongiae M. Fosteri<br />
Presbyteri expressio seu elisio. In qua virtuosa spongiae<br />
ipsius potestas in detergendo unguentum armarium.<br />
Gouda: excudebat Petrus Rammazenius, bibliopola, 1638.<br />
Folio: A–G4 H2 (H2+1), 31 leaves, V. 30 [1], errata for both<br />
works on last leaf. Woodcut printer’s device on title, woodcut<br />
headpieces.<br />
319 x 205mm. A Wne tall copy with some deckle edges showing<br />
in the lower margin.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards.<br />
Provenance: Early signature ‘Garuw’[?] in an early hand on<br />
pastedown, and shelfmark ‘Hw.12’ on free endleaf and a note on<br />
title ‘fort rare vid. Clemont[?] T. 3. pag. 379 seq.’ (nineteenthcentury);<br />
Pagel’s pencil note on free endleaf, ‘On Systole &<br />
Diastole and the Heart fol. 81 seq’.<br />
First edition of the Wrst part; the second part is a translation<br />
of Doctor Fludds answer unto M. Foster or, The squeesing of<br />
Parson Fosters sponge (London, 1631). The errata leaf at the<br />
end is for both works. An English translation of Philosophia<br />
Moysaica was published in 1659. Krivatsy 4140 and 4137;<br />
Wellcome 2331; Manly Hall Collection 67; Caillet 4036;<br />
Ferguson I, p. 283–284.
Fludd’s earlier work, Medicina Catholica (1629) contained the Wrst recognition<br />
in print of Harvey’s discovery of the circulation, though it has been questioned<br />
whether he really understood the physiological basis of the discovery.<br />
Nonetheless, Harvey himself, who was a close friend, commented on Fludd’s<br />
anatomical knowledge and Fludd reports in the present work that he had<br />
dissected the body of a hanged man privately in his own house in preparation<br />
for his anatomical lectures at the College of Physicians (Pagel p. 114).<br />
According to Manly Hall, Fludd here ‘extrapolates Mosaical truth. The<br />
central principle is that of systole and diastole, rarefaction and condensation,<br />
expansion and contraction. This is in essence the paradigm of microcosm and<br />
macrocosm central in much of the Western tradition of occult writing. Fludd,<br />
however, applies this idea directly to the occult truth of such phenomena as<br />
snow, fountains, wind, and the loadstone. He also discusses sympathetic cures<br />
in the Responsum.’ (Hoggart, p. 76.)<br />
The second work is a reply to William Foster, Hoplocrisma-Spongus: or, a<br />
sponge to wipe away the weapon salve (London, 1631), in which Foster accused<br />
Fludd and others of witchcraft.<br />
Walter Pagel, William Harvey’s Biological Ideas (1967), ‘Harvey and Robert Fludd’,<br />
pp. 113–119; Manly P. Hall, ed. Ron. Charles Hogart, Alchemy. A Comprehensive<br />
Bibliography of the Manly P. Hall Collection (1986).<br />
59<br />
FOREEST, Pieter van (1522–1597); James HART (d. 1639)<br />
The arraignment of urines wherein are set downe the manifold<br />
errors and abuses of ignorant urinemongring empirickes, cozening<br />
quacksalvers, womenphysitians, and the like stuVe... Collected and<br />
gathered as well out of the most ancient, as the moderne and late<br />
physitians of our time: and written Wrst in the Latine tongue, and<br />
divided into three bookes by Peter Forrest D. in Physicke, and native<br />
of the towne of Alcmare in Holland. And for the beneWt of our British<br />
nations newly epitomized, and translated into our English tongue by<br />
James Hart Dr. of the foresaid faculty, and residing in the towne of<br />
Northampton.<br />
London: Printed by G. Eld for Robert Mylbourne, and are to be sold at his<br />
shop at the great south doore of Pauls, 1623.<br />
4to: 4<br />
* (–* 1, blank) A4 a4 B–Q4 , 71 of 72 leaves, pp. [22] 122 (i.e. 120,<br />
113–4 omitted). Typographic headpieces, woodcut initials.<br />
165 x 125mm. Cropped at head and foot with loss of most of imprint<br />
and many headlines, catchwords and signatures partially or wholly lost.<br />
Binding: Eighteenthcentury half sheep over marbled boards, marbled<br />
endleaves. Worn, upper board detached.<br />
First edition, an abridged translation of Foreest, De incerto, fallaci,<br />
urinarum judicio (1589). Entered in the Stationer’s Register 7 January<br />
1623. STC 11180; ESTC S102442; Manchester 868.<br />
This was the Wrst work published by James Hart, abridged from Foreest’s
work. He followed this with a work of his own The Anatomie of Urines... or,<br />
The Second Part of our Discourse on Urines (London, 1625). Both works are<br />
dedicated to Charles I as Prince of Wales. These works ‘expose the fallacies<br />
of diagnosis by means of an examination of urine at the hands of ignorant<br />
persons, and attack three kinds of trespassers on the medical domain –<br />
unlicensed quacks, meddlesome old women, and, above all, clergymen.’<br />
(John Symons in ODNB).<br />
Hart was a native of Edinburgh, possibly the James Hart who graduated<br />
MA at Edinbugh university in 1599. He travelled in Europe and gained his<br />
MD from the university of Basle in 1609. He returned to Britain shortly<br />
afterwards and was established as a physician in Northampton by 1612. His<br />
principal work is Klinike, or, The diet of the diseased (1633) a work on diet and<br />
regimen in the Hippocratic tradition but far in advance of its time.<br />
60<br />
GALILEI, Galileo (1564–1642)<br />
Systema cosmicum... in quo quatuor dialogis de duobus maximis<br />
mundi systematibus, Ptolemaico & Copernicano... ex Italica lingua<br />
Latine conversum. Accessit appendix gemina, qua SS. scripturae dicta<br />
cum terrae mobilitate conciliantur.<br />
Strasbourg: impensis Elzeviriorum, typis Davidis Hautti, 1635.<br />
4to: ):( 4 a4 A–3T4 , 268 leaves, pp. [16] 495 [25]. Engraved title on ):(1,<br />
‘Dialogus de systemate mundi’ with imprint ‘impensis Bonaventurae<br />
et Abrahami Elzevir bibliopolar[sic] Leydens.’, portrait of Galileo on<br />
):(4v signed ‘Jac. ab Heyden sculpsit’; woodcut initials and headpieces<br />
and diagrams printed in the text.<br />
200 x 158mm. Most gatherings fairly heavily browned as usual, but<br />
index and prelims on better paper and clean; a good copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards with yapp fore edges, initials<br />
and dates stamped on upper board. A little soiled; the counters of two<br />
of the stamped letters have fallen out leaving holes in the vellum.<br />
Provenance: Inscription on engraved title ‘Sum ex libris [name erased,<br />
followed by a price]’; M. Th Müller, inscription on title dated 1687;<br />
initials E. W. D. stamped on binding with date 1693; Max Harrwitz,<br />
Buchhandlung & Antiquariat, Berlin. Pagel purchased the book from<br />
Francis Edwards Ltd, London, 14 Dec 1964.<br />
First Latin edition, a translation the Dialogo (1632) with additional<br />
material. Sometimes catalogued under the wording on the engraved<br />
title, ‘Dialogus de systemate mundi’. Carli–Favaro 148; Cinti 96;<br />
Caspar, Kepler, 88; Riccardi I, i, col. 512; Willems 426.<br />
The rare Latin edition of the Dialogo, translated by Kepler’s friend Mathias<br />
Bernegger. It was printed in Strasbourg by David Hautt for Bonaventure and<br />
Abraham Elzevier in Amsterdam. Publishing the original edition in Italian,<br />
and in the form of an entertaining dialogue, Galileo was aiming at a wider<br />
audience than merely academic astronomers and other natural philosophers.<br />
1000 copies of the Wrst edition were printed and the printer claimed he could
have sold another 2000 had the book not been banned. On the other hand,<br />
Bernegger suggested printing only 600 copies of the Latin edition, ‘the subject<br />
matter being to the taste of few’ (Westman p. 338).<br />
In addition to Galileo’s text there is a preface by Bernegger; an index (there<br />
was no index in the original); an extract from Kepler’s introduction to his<br />
Astronomia nova and the Wrst Latin edition of Paolo Antonio Foscarini, Sopra<br />
l’opinione de’ Pittagorici, e del Copernico. Della mobilita’ della terra, e stabilita’ del<br />
sole, e del nuovo Pittagorico sistema del mondo (Naples, 1615: the Latin edition<br />
in 1615, sometimes referred to, is a ghost, see Carli–Favoro). Foscarini’s work<br />
was appended to subsequent editions of the Dialogo.<br />
Willems comments that ‘L’impression et le papier sont des plus médiocres’.<br />
The paper is susceptible to rather heavy browning, but in this copy at least the<br />
index and the prelims are printed on better paper and are not browned, so that<br />
the engraved and printed titles and the portrait of Galileo are not aVected.<br />
Robert Westman, ‘The reception of Galileo’s Dialogue: a Partial World Census of<br />
Extant Copies’, In Paolo Galluzzi, ed., Novita celesti e crisi del sapere (Florence,<br />
1984) 329–72. The Wrst edition is Dibner, Heralds of Science 8; Horblit, One Hundred<br />
<strong>Books</strong> Famous in Science 18c; Printing and the Mind of Man 128; and Sparrow,<br />
Milestones of Science 74.<br />
61<br />
GALILEI, Galileo (1564–1642)<br />
Dialogo... sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo... in questa<br />
seconda impressione accresciuto di una Lettera dello stesso, non più<br />
stampata, e di vari trattati di più autori, i quali si veggono nel Wne del<br />
libro... in Fiorenza, MDCCX.<br />
Naples: [no publisher’s name], 1710.<br />
4to: 6<br />
* A–2E8 2F4 2G2 (–2G2); §–4§4; a–k4 l2 (–L2), 292 leaves,<br />
pp. [12] 458; [32]; 83 (i.e. 81, last page misnumbered) [1] (last page<br />
blank). Title printed in red and black with engraved device; sectional<br />
title on 4§4 with woodcut device. Woodcut diagrams in the text.<br />
225 x 171mm. Some light foxing, mostly insigniWcant but becoming<br />
heavier in a few gatherings.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, red morocco lettering piece<br />
(probably added later), green sprinkled page edges. Soiled and rubbed.<br />
Provenance: Several early shelf marks on endleaves and a bookseller’s<br />
price £80.<br />
Second Italian edition (Wrst 1632). Carli–Favoro 413; Cinti 168; Riccardi<br />
I, i, col. 512.<br />
The second edition in the original Italian of Galileo’s Dialogo published<br />
in1632 and condemned by the Inquisition in 1634. In the following year a<br />
Latin edition was published at Amsterdam (see above), but it was another 75<br />
years before this second Italian edition appeared, surreptitiously printed at<br />
Naples with a false Florence imprint and no publisher’s name. The dedication<br />
to Carlo CaraVa Pacecco is signed by Lorenzo Ciccarelli. Galileo’s name
emained on the Index until 1835, although he was not oYcially rehabilitated<br />
by the Catholic Church until 1992.<br />
In addition to the Dialogo itself, this edition prints two other works, and<br />
several short texts. These are Galileo, Lettera ... scritta alla granduchessa di<br />
Toscana, Wrst printed in 1636 (pp. 1–35 of the last group of pages) and Paolo<br />
Antonio Foscarini, Lettera... sopra l’opinione de’ Pittagorici, e del Copernico,<br />
Wrst printed in 1615 (pp. 36–68); followed by ‘Perioche ex Introductione<br />
in Martem Joannis Kepleri’ (pp. 69–74); ‘Excerptum ex Didaci à Stunica<br />
Salmanticensis commentariis in Job, editiones Tolotanae, ap. Joannem<br />
Rodricum, Anno 1584...’ (pp. 74–76); ‘Sententia Cardinalium In Galilaeum<br />
et abjuratio eiusdem, excertpae ex J. B. Riccioli Almagesto Novo’ (pp.76–80);<br />
and ‘Abjuratio Galilaei’ (pp. 80–81). In the letter to Christina, Grand Duchess<br />
of Tuscany, composed in 1615, Galileo argued for the independence of science<br />
from religion. Foscarini’s letter in defence of Copernicanism against charges<br />
that it conXicted with scripture had been placed on the Index in 1616.<br />
62<br />
GASSENDI, Pierre (1592–1655)<br />
Institutio astronomica juxta hypotheses tam veterum quàm<br />
Copernici & Tychonis dicta Parisiis... Editio ultima paulò ante<br />
mortem auctoris recognita, aucta et emendata.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Janssonio-Waesbergios, 1680.<br />
4to: )( 4 A–u4 , 84 leaves, pp. [8] 160. Title printed in red and black<br />
with woodcut device, table of contents on verso with a blank leaf<br />
pasted over. Woodcut diagrams in the text, those on pp. 3, 7, 102 and<br />
116 full page.<br />
184 x 150mm. Titlepage soiled, woodcut illustrations on pp. 7 and 102<br />
cropped; several clean tears repaired without loss.<br />
Binding: Nineteenthcentury half morocco over marbled boards.<br />
Rubbed.<br />
Separate issue with variant titlepage of the Gassendi alone of an edition<br />
published with other works. The Institutio was Wrst printed, on its own,<br />
in 1647. From the second edition, London, 1653, it was printed with<br />
other works: a ‘third’ edition appeared at Amsterdam in 1683.<br />
Gassendi’s famous Institutio Astronomica is the text of his lectures at the<br />
Collège Royale and was, with the ‘Life of Peiresc’, his most popular work. He<br />
expounded the theories of Copernicus, and explained the condemnation of<br />
Galileo by considerations relating to Galileo himself, presenting no objections<br />
to Copernicus’ theories. It is a clear statement of the state of astronomical<br />
science and remained a standard textbook for a long time, especially in<br />
English universities.<br />
This separate issue seems to be unrecorded and may have been something<br />
of an afterthought on the part of the publisher. In most copies the titlepage<br />
has the words ‘accedunt eiusdem varii tractatus astronomici’ after the author’s<br />
name and the register and pagination continue, X–2R2, pp. 161–309, [7]. A<br />
list of contents is printed on the verso of the titlepage, but in the present issue
this is obscured by having a piece of plain paper pasted over it. Presumably<br />
the inner forme of the Wrst gathering was printed oV before the decision was<br />
made to issue a few copies of the Gassendi alone. The titlepage was altered,<br />
but it was by now too late to alter the table of contents on the verso, so the<br />
solution was to cover it up. The text ends ‘Finis’ on p. 160.<br />
63<br />
GAuSS, Carl Friedrich (1777–1855)<br />
Intensitas vis magneticae terrestris ad mensuram absolutam<br />
revocata.<br />
Göttingen: sumptibus Dieterichianis, 1833.<br />
4to: A–E4 F2 , 22 leaves, pp. 44.<br />
270 x 220mm, untrimmed.<br />
Binding: Recent marbled boards.<br />
First edition. Wheeler gift 867; Norman Library 881.<br />
The Wrst report of Gauss’s important geomagnetic work presenting a logical<br />
set of units of measurement for magnetic phenomena. This was the Wrst systematic<br />
use of absolute units to measure nonmechanical qualities and the<br />
unit of magnetic Xux density was later called the gauss in honour of this work.<br />
Gauss worked on geomagnetism between 1831 and 1837 in collaboration with<br />
Wilhelm Weber (1804–1891), Gauss leading the theoretical side and Weber<br />
the experimental.<br />
64<br />
GLAuBER, Johann Rudolf (1604–1670)<br />
Prosperitatis Germaniae. Pars prima [–Quinta pars; Appendix<br />
quintae partis; Sexta et ultima pars] In qua de vini, frumenti, & ligni<br />
concentratione, eorundemque utiliore, quam hactenus, usu agitur.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1656–61.<br />
8vo: Part I (1656), A–H 8 , 64 leaves, pp. [10] 118; Part II (1659), * 2<br />
A–D 8 E 4 , 38 leaves, [4] 72, lacking * 2 , titlepage and preface,<br />
supplied in photographic facsimile; Part III (1659), A–P 8<br />
(blanks P7,8), 120 leaves, pp. 215 (i.e. 235) [5] (last 5 pages blank);<br />
Part IV (1659), A–I 8 (blank I8), 72 leaves, pp. 142 [2] (last 2 pages<br />
blank); Part V (1660), A–B 8 C 4 (–C4, presumed blank), 19 of 20<br />
leaves, pp. 37 [1] (last page blank); Part V Appendix (1660), A–D 8 E 4 ,<br />
36 leaves, pp. 71 [1] (last page blank); Part VI (1660), A–D 8 (blank<br />
D8), 32 leaves, pp. 62 [2] (last 2 pages blank). In this copy Part V<br />
Appendix is bound after Part VI.<br />
Part III, 4 engraved plates (the Wrst folding, at pp. 6, 42, 45 and 156); part<br />
IV, 1 engraved plate (at p. 72); part V, 1 small engraved plate (at p. 18).<br />
150 x 95mm. Imprint of Part V, Appendix cropped; light waterstains.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Soiled.
First edition in Latin, issued simultaneously in German as<br />
Dess Teutsch landts-Wohlfahrt (Amsterdam, Jansson, 1656–<br />
1661). Duveen 256; Caillet 4587.<br />
Glauber left Germany in 1655 and settled in Amsterdam where<br />
he remained for the rest of his life. In this work he encouraged<br />
his compatriots ‘to make better use of their natural resources<br />
and to become economically selfsuYcient.<br />
‘He gave recipes for wine and beer concentrates that are both<br />
stable and easily exported and he mentioned a secret press for<br />
the eYcient extraction of niter from wood. He proceeded to<br />
point out that niter can then be used in the extraction of metals,<br />
particularly gold and silver, and that these precious metals, in<br />
turn, could be directed into foreign trade. He dedicated a variety<br />
of other items to the fatherland: new medicines, a fertilizer of<br />
salt and lime, a seed preparation, and various techniques for<br />
processing metals. Finally, since all this was futile without<br />
adequate protection from the Turks, he disclosed a new<br />
weapon: a missile containing “Wery water” (a fuming acid, or<br />
perhaps essential oils to be ignited by nitric acid)...<br />
‘Glauber’s interest in the transmutation of metals and in industrial chemistry<br />
distinguished him from Paracelsus and other iatrochemists, who were more<br />
narrowly concerned with the preparation of chemical medicines. In the most<br />
general sense Glauber sought to perfect nature for the enhancement of human<br />
life – to render useless things useful through the release of their hidden virtues.<br />
Such changes were eVected in his laboratory primarily through the “ripening”<br />
powers of salts.’ (Kathleen Ahonen, DSB 5: 421).<br />
65<br />
GLAuBER, Johann Rudolf (1604–1670)<br />
[4 works in German bound together].<br />
1. Explicatio oder Uber dass unlängst.<br />
Arnheim: Bey Jacob von Wiesen, 1656.<br />
8vo: A–G8 (blank G8), 56 leaves, pp. 110 [2, blank].<br />
The running heads are ‘Erklärung ubers Miraculum Mundi’ and this and<br />
the next work are also bound together in the NLM copies. Krivatsy<br />
4797; Caillet 4582.<br />
2. Miraculum Mundi, oder Auszfürliche Beschreiben der<br />
wunderbaren Natur, Art, und EigenschaVt der groszmächtigen<br />
subjecti, von den Alten Menstruum universale oder Mercurius<br />
Philosophorum.<br />
Amsterdam: [no publisher’s imprint to part 1; parts 2 and 3:] Bey Johann<br />
Jansson, 1653, 1657, 1660.<br />
3 parts 8vo: 1. A–G8 (blanks G7,8), 56 leaves, pp. [2] 105 [5, blank];<br />
2. Miracula mundi continuatio: A–H8 , I4 (–I4, presumed blank), 67 of
68 leaves, pp. 133 [1, blank], and 3 folding engraved plates,<br />
at pp. 3, 62 and 96; 3. Miracula mundi Ander Thiel: A–H8 I4 (blank I4), 68 leaves, pp. [20] 113 [1, errata] [2, blank].<br />
Krivatsy 4795; Caillet 4575, 4580, 4579.<br />
3. De elia artista, oder Wasz Elias astista für einer sey.<br />
Amsterdam: bey Johan Waesberge, und der Witwe Elizae<br />
Weyerstraet, 1668.<br />
8vo: A–D8 E4 , 36 leaves, pp. 71 [1, blank].<br />
Krivatsy 4776; Caillet 4572.<br />
4. De purgatorio philosophorum, Oder Von dem<br />
Fegfewer der Weysen dardurch die Philosophie ihre<br />
Mineralische, Animalische und Vegetabilische.<br />
Amsterdam, bey Johan Waesberge, und der Witwe Elizaei<br />
Weyerstraet, 1668.<br />
8vo: A–D8 E4 (–E4, presumed blank), 35 of 36 leaves, pp. 70.<br />
Krivatsy 4779; Not in Caillet.<br />
143 x 87mm. Item 2: imprint of pt 2 cropped; a few catchwords and<br />
signatures of pt 3 cropped; item 4: tiny worm tracks in inner margins<br />
of Wrst 2 gatherings touching a few letters. Good copies, but cut rather<br />
close in rebinding.<br />
Binding: Nineteenth century pastepaper boards. Spine worn.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary annotations and diagrams in the margins,<br />
cropped. Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.<br />
First editions.<br />
66<br />
GLAuBER, Johann Rudolf (1604–1670)<br />
[9 works in Latin bound together].<br />
Amsterdam, 1655–1664.<br />
1. Novum lumen chymicum.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium à Waesberge, & Elisaeum<br />
Weyerstraet, 1664.<br />
8vo: A–C8 (blank C8), 24 leaves, pp. 45 [3, blank].<br />
Krivatsy 4799.<br />
2. Tractatus de natura salium.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1659.<br />
8vo: A–G8 , 56 leaves, pp. [16] 96.<br />
Krivatsy 4811.<br />
3. Tractatus de signatura salium, metallorum, et planetarum.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1659.
8vo: A–C 8 (–C7,8, presumed blank), 22 of 24 leaves, pp. 44.<br />
Krivatsy 4812; cf. Caillet 4591 dated 1658.<br />
4. Explicatio verborum salomonis: in herbis, verbis & Lapidibus<br />
magna est virtus.<br />
Amsterdam: prostant apud Joannem Janssonium, 1664.<br />
8vo: A–E8 F4 , 44 leaves, pp. 88.<br />
Krivatsy 4783.<br />
5. Vera ac perfecta descriptio, qua ratione ex vini fecibus bonum<br />
plurimumque tartarum sit extrahendum.<br />
Amsterdam: prostant apud Joannem Janssonium, 1655.<br />
8vo: A–B8 (blanks B7,8), 16 leaves, pp. 28 [4, blank].<br />
Krivatsy 4790.<br />
6. Tractatus de medicina universalis, sive auro potabili vero.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1658.<br />
8vo: A–E8 (blank E8), 40 leaves, pp. 75 [2] [3, blank].<br />
Krivatsy 4809.<br />
7. De auri tinctura, sive auro potablili vero.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1651.<br />
8vo: Aa8 Bb4 (blank Bb4), 12 leaves, pp. 22 [2, blank].<br />
Krivatsy 4774, also issued with Furni novi philosophici, 1651.<br />
8. Consolatio navigantium.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1657.<br />
8vo: A–F8 , 48 leaves, pp. 96.<br />
Caillet 4568.<br />
9. Libellus dialogorum, sive colloquia, nonnullorum hermeticae<br />
medicinae, ac tincturae universalis studiosorum.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1663.<br />
8vo: A–F8 (blanks F7,8, 48 leaves, pp. 91 [5 blank]. 1 folding engraved<br />
plate.<br />
Krivatsy 4792.<br />
151 x 95mm. Good clean copies.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Spine soiled.<br />
First Latin editions of works also published in German.<br />
The second work in the volume, Tractatus de natura salium is one of Glauber’s<br />
most important works, describing his earlier discovery of sodium sulfate,<br />
‘Glauber’s Salt’. It was Wrst published in German by Jansson in the previous<br />
year. Only after the publication of this and the second part of Miraculum mundi<br />
(1660) ‘did Glauber recognize the signiWcance of his “Sal mirabile” (Glauber’s<br />
salt) and begin to utilize it, not very successfully, in the position that niter<br />
formerly held... he considered it to be common salt brought to its highest
degree of purity, and he argued plausibly that common salt is everywhere<br />
present in nature. Glauber drew on the analogy of microcosm and macrocosm<br />
and Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of the blood to demonstrate the<br />
circulation of salt in the macrocosm.’ (Kathleen Ahonen, DSB 5:422a.)<br />
An attractive collection of some of Glauber’s huge output of shorter works<br />
(Partington lists 56 of his works in all) in Latin. These Latin translations<br />
were published by Jansson, more or less simultaneously with his German<br />
editions. They are often found in contemporarily bound volumes, probably<br />
put together by the publisher or other booksellers.<br />
67<br />
GLISSON, Francis (1597–1677), George BATE (1608–1669) and<br />
Assuerus REGIMORTER (1614–1650)<br />
A treatise of the rickets: being a diseas common to children. Wherin<br />
(among many other things) is shewed, 1. The essence 2. The causes<br />
3. The signs 4. The remedies, [brace] of the disease. Published in Latin<br />
by [brace] Francis Glisson, George Bate, and Ahasuerus Regemorter;<br />
[end of bracketed section] doctors of physick, and fellows of the<br />
Colledg of Physitians of London. Translated into English by Phil.<br />
Armin.<br />
London: printed by Peter Cole at the sign of the Printing-Press, in Cornhil,<br />
near the Royal Exchange, 1651.<br />
8vo: A4 C–2B8 , 188 leaves, pp. [8] 373 (i.e. 363, 280–289 omitted)<br />
[5]. Title within a rule border, Xeuron headpieces, woodcut initials;<br />
woodcut diagrams and illustrations. Publisher’s advertisements on<br />
A2v–A3.<br />
137 x 87mm. Woodcut on p. 320 cropped without any material loss to<br />
the image.<br />
Binding: Recent calf, free endleaves from original binding retained.<br />
Provenance: 10 word early annotation on p. 345.<br />
First edition in English, a translation of De Rachitide (1650). The Thomason<br />
copy is annotated ‘March 7’. Another issue, purporting to have<br />
been enlarged and corrected by Nicholas Culpeper, but in fact a reissue<br />
of the same sheets, appeared in 1668, some copies bearing that<br />
date, some dated 1651. Wing G860 and ESTC R210557; Wellcome III,<br />
p. 126.<br />
‘Although anticipated by Whistler and others in the description of infantile<br />
rickets, Glisson’s account was the fullest that had till then appeared. He was<br />
Wrst (Chap. 22) to describe infantile scurvy. Glisson’s book on rickets was<br />
one of the earliest instances of collaborative medical research in England,<br />
combining the observations of Glisson and seven other contributors. G. Bate<br />
and A. Regemorter are credited as coauthors.’ (Garrison–Morton 3729.)<br />
This publication forms an important episode in the battle between the<br />
College of Physicians and the bookseller Peter Cole, showing that the College<br />
was not trying to stop medical books authorised by the college from being<br />
published in English, as is usually stated, only to control their publication.
The College of Physicians had registered both Latin and English editions of<br />
De rachitide on 14 June 1650; in February the next year Peter Cole registered<br />
an English version, at the same time entering Culpeper’s Directory for Midwives<br />
and The English Physitian as well as English translations of Fernel’s works and a<br />
treatise on fevers by ‘Phil Armin.’, the pretended translator of the Glisson. The<br />
College’s favoured publisher, Philip Dugard complained to the Council of<br />
State on 5 March. The outcome is unclear, though Cole was ordered before the<br />
committee of Examinations on 16 April 1651. (Jonathan Sanderson, Nicholas<br />
Culpeper and the Book Trade, PhD thesis, Leeds, 1999, pp. 88–89).<br />
68<br />
GLISSON, Francis (1597–1677)<br />
Tractatus de natura substantiae energetica, seu de vita naturae,<br />
eiusque tribus primis facultatibus, I. Perceptiva, II. Appetitiva, & III.<br />
Motiva, [brace] naturalibus, &c.<br />
London: typis E. Flesher. Prostat venalis apud H. Brome sub signo<br />
Bombardae in Coemeterio Paulino, & N. Hooke ad insignia Regia in vico<br />
Little Britain, 1672.<br />
4to: A4 (+/– A1) a–f4 (–f4 presumed blank) B–3Y4 , 295 of 296 leaves,<br />
pp. [54] 534 [2] (errata on last leaf, verso blank). A1, engraved portrait<br />
signed ‘W. Faithorne del. et fecit’ showing Glisson aged 75, printed<br />
on thicker paper and possibly supplied from another copy or another<br />
work.<br />
2 engraved plates of diagrams (bound at the end).<br />
198 x 150mm. Some browning, worm tracks in blank corners in sigs<br />
3G–3L.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards.<br />
Provenance: Shelf mark XVIII.6 on pastedown; old oval library stamp<br />
on a2 (illegible).<br />
First edition. Advertised in the Michaelmas Term Catalogue (October–<br />
December) at 8s, bound (TC I, p. 120.) Wing G858; ESTC R37387;<br />
Wellcome III, p. 126; Krivatsy 4827; Waller 10809.<br />
‘Glisson maintained that the Wrst draft of the Tractatus de ventriculo et intestinis<br />
was written around 1662 but was set aside in favor of the Tractatus de natura<br />
substantiae energetica (1672), dedicated to Anthony Ashley Cooper, Lord<br />
Shaftesbury, whose family Glisson had long served as physician. The work<br />
attempts to prove there is life in all bodies. In socalled inanimate bodies it<br />
is speciWed by their forms, whereas in plants and animals life is modiWed to<br />
become the vegetative soul and the sensitive soul, respectively. In animals the<br />
implanted life (vita insita) is duplicated and triplicated by the inXux of blood<br />
(vita inXuens) and by the psychic regulations.’ (Owsei Temkin, 5:426b.)<br />
The engraved portrait in this copy is the engraving by Faithorne after<br />
his painting now at the Royal College of Physicians (Chaplin, Descripitive<br />
catalogue of the Portraits... in the Royal College of Physicians, 1926, p. 20). The<br />
engraving must surely have been made for this book (and catalogued as such<br />
by Renate Burgess, Portraits of Doctors & Scientists in the Wellcome Institute
of the History of Medicine (1973), 1139.1). However ESTC calls for the copy<br />
signed ‘W. Dolle delin et sculp’ (Burgess 1139.2) so some copies may have<br />
been issued with that engraving. When Flesher published Glisson’s Tractatus<br />
de ventriculo et intestinis 5 years later, he reused the Faithorne engraving, now<br />
with Glisson’s age altered and purporting to show him not aged 75, but aged<br />
80. This state is present in the following copy of the same work.<br />
69<br />
GLISSON, Francis (1597–1677)<br />
Tractatus de natura substantiae energetica, seu de vita naturae,<br />
eiusque tribus primis facultatibus, I. Perceptiva, II. Appetitiva, & III.<br />
Motiva, [brace] naturalibus, &c.<br />
London: typis E. Flesher. Prostat venalis apud H. Brome sub signo<br />
Bombardae in Coemeterio Paulino, & N. Hooke ad insignia Regia in vico<br />
Little Britain, 1672.<br />
4to: A4 (+/–A1) a–f4 (–f4 presumed blank) B–3Y4 , 295 of 296 leaves,<br />
pp. [54] 534 [2] (errata on last leaf, verso blank). portrait showing<br />
the author aged 75 replaced by a later state (from another<br />
work?) showing him aged 80.<br />
2 engraved plates of diagrams (bound after the prelims).<br />
202 x 145mm. Portrait cut close to the image and mounted.<br />
Wormholes in the inner upper margins, just touching the text on a few<br />
leaves, waterstains at the beginning and end.<br />
Binding: Eighteenthcentury sheep, perhaps French, gilt spine. Neatly<br />
rebacked with the original spine preserved. Corners worn.<br />
Provenance: Signature ‘Lacoque MD 1763 [or 5]’ on free endleaf.<br />
First edition. Advertised in the Michaelmas Term Catalogue (October–<br />
December) at 8s, bound (TC I, p. 120.) Wing G858; ESTC R37387;<br />
Wellcome III, p. 126; Krivatsy 4827; Waller 10809.<br />
70<br />
GLISSON, Francis (1597–1677)<br />
Tractatus de ventriculo et intestinis, cui praemittitur alius, de<br />
partibus continentibus in genere & in specie de iis abdominis.<br />
London: Typis E. F. prostant venalis apud Henricum Brome sub signe<br />
Bombardae in Coemeterio Paulino, 1677.<br />
4to: A 4 a–c 4 B–3T 4 , 272 leaves, pp. [32] 509 [3]. Title printed in red<br />
and black. Errata on c4v, publisher’s advertisements on last 3 pages.<br />
4 engraved plates: frontispiece portrait signed ‘W. Faithorne del et<br />
fecit’, state with Glisson’s age given as 75, and Tab. 1–3 (bound in the<br />
text).<br />
199 x 153mm. Titlepage soiled, some light foxing; plates waterstained,<br />
slightly smaller than text leaves and apparently supplied from another
copy; the portrait appears to be original to this copy, though more<br />
usually this work has a later state of the portrait with Glisson’s age<br />
altered to 80.<br />
Binding: Contemporary sprinkled calf, marbled edges. Old rebacking,<br />
now worn and headcap chipped, sides and corners worn, back broken,<br />
new endleaves.<br />
Provenance: Inscription ‘Liber T. Harbech’ on titlepage, probably<br />
Thomas Harbech (X. 1669, see below); inscription on verso of title<br />
recording the gift of Dr William Standfast to the Library in the Charity<br />
School Chamber in Nottingham; Walter Pagel’s signature, undated.<br />
First edition. Advertised in the Michaelmas Term Catalogue (October–<br />
December) at 10s bound (TC I, 257). Wing G859; ESTC R9112;<br />
Garrison–Morton 579; Wellcome III, p. 126; Krivatsy 4828.<br />
A work on the digestive organs in which ‘Glisson introduced the idea of<br />
irritability as a speciWc property of all human tissue, a hypothesis which had<br />
no eVect upon contemporary physiology, but which was later demonstrated<br />
experimentally by Haller’ (Garrison–Morton).<br />
‘The doctrine of irritability does not exhaust the content of the Tractatus de<br />
ventriculo et intestinis, which, apart from the treatise indicated by the title, also<br />
contains a treatise on skin, hair, nails, fat, abdominal muscles, peritoneum,<br />
and omentum. Together the Anatomia hepatis and the Tractatus de ventriculo et<br />
intestinis constitute a monumental work on general anatomy and on anatomy<br />
and physiology of the digestive organs. Moreover, in the latter treatise, Glisson<br />
goes far beyond the stomach and intestinal tract. Apart from discussing the<br />
theory of digestion (there is even an appendix on fermentation), Glisson<br />
manages to include theories of embryogenesis (in which the relationship to<br />
Harvey is particularly interesting).’ (Owsei Temkin, DSB 5:427a.)<br />
The Wrst owner of this copy is surely Dr Thomas Harbech, who defended<br />
a dissertation on rheumatism at Leiden under Francis de la Boe Sylviuys in<br />
1669. Thomas Guidot mentions him in A century of observations: containing<br />
further discoveries of the nature of the hot waters at Bathe (1676, and like the<br />
present work published by Henry Brome) along with Drs Thomas Witherley<br />
and Nathaniel Highmore (B4r). He was a witness, with Francis Hall, to the<br />
will of Simon Lawrence (1688). He perhaps practiced outside London as he<br />
was not a member of the College of Physicians.<br />
The plates in this copy appear to have been supplied from another copy:<br />
they are slightly smaller than the text leaves and the patterns of staining do<br />
not match the adjoining text. On the other hand the portrait appears to be<br />
undisturbed and is the Wrst state of the plate with Glisson’s age given as 75.<br />
Faithorne’s engraved portrait of Glisson, after his own painting now at the<br />
Royal College of Physicians, (Chaplin, Descripitive catalogue of the Portraits...<br />
in the Royal College of Physicians, 1926, p. 20; Wellcome, Portraits, 1973, 1139<br />
is less certain of the attribution), was Wrst used as the frontispiece to Glisson’s<br />
Tractatus de Natura Substantiae Energetica (1672, see nos 69 and 70 above)<br />
with his age given as 75. Most copies of the second edition of that work and<br />
the present work, both published 5 years later in 1677, have the second state<br />
of the plate with Glisson’s age altered to 80.
71<br />
GRAAF, Reinier de (1641–1673)<br />
Opera omnia.<br />
Leiden: sumpt. Io. Ant. Huguetan & Soc, 1678.<br />
8vo: 12<br />
* A–2A8 2B4 (blank 2B4), 208 leaves, pp. [24] 290 [2] (last 2<br />
pages blank). Engraved title on * 1r, engraved portrait on * 12v, both<br />
signed ‘P. Pinchard. f.’, and 18 engraved illustrations printed in the text.<br />
25 inserted engraved plates, mostly folding.<br />
There are a total of 41 engraved illustrations, numbered I–IX;<br />
I–XXVII; I–III; and two unnumbered; 25 of these are on inserted<br />
leaves, 17 integral with the text.<br />
185 x 115mm. Worm tracks in the inner margins of the prelims; several<br />
plates with old repairs in the folds; some soiling and waterstaining.<br />
Binding: Contemporary calf, red and brown sprinkled edges. Old<br />
reback; rubbed.<br />
Provenance: Old inscription crossed through on titlepage; early<br />
inscription on free endleaf, ‘Ex libris Medicinae Doc[tor]is Johannes<br />
B[?]’; Walter Pagel’s signature dated 1955 on free endleaf.<br />
Second collected edition (Wrst, Ex OYcina Hackiana, Amsterdam, 1677).<br />
Another collected edition appeared in 1705. Wellcome III, p. 142;<br />
Krivatsy 4906.<br />
De Graaf’s works include his pioneer treatise on pancreatic secretions, De<br />
succi pancreatici (1664, Garrison–Morton 974) and the works for which he<br />
is best known, on the male and female genitourinary systems, De virorum<br />
organis (1668, Garrison–Morton 1210) and De mulierum organis (1672,<br />
Garrison–Morton 1209). The last includes the classic description of the<br />
GraaWan follicle.<br />
72<br />
GRIMALDI, Francesco Maria (1613–1663)<br />
Physicomathesis de lumine, coloribus, et iride, aliisque sequenti<br />
pagina indicatis.<br />
Bologna: ex typographia Haeredis Victorii Benatii, 1665.<br />
4to: a 4 (+/–a1) b 6 A–3Z 4 , 286 leaves, pp. [20] 535 [17]. Title printed in<br />
red and black and with a large engraving of the arms of the dedicatee,<br />
woodcut illustrations in the text. without the second titleleaf<br />
detailing the contents found in most, but not all copies.<br />
248 x 175mm. Minor repairs to blank areas of titlepage where an<br />
inscription has been erased. InsigniWcant wormholes at foot of Wrst few<br />
leaves. Some light browning to a few leaves.<br />
Binding: Contemporary blind ruled calf. Well rebacked. Corners bumped.<br />
Provenance: Early inscription erased from titlepage; owner’s stamp of<br />
Prof. Dr Pedro N. Arata, Buenos Aires on title and b1.
First edition. Riccardi I, i, col. 630; Albert, Norton and Huertes 919;<br />
Sommervogel III, col. 1833; Becker Collection 162.3.<br />
One of the classics of optics, reporting Grimaldi’s discovery of the diVraction<br />
of light and in which he makes the Wrst scientiWc attempt to establish the wave<br />
theory of light. Robert Hooke performed his Wrst diVraction experiments in<br />
1672 after reading an account of Grimaldi’s book in the Philosophical transactions.<br />
Newton Wrst learnt of diVraction from the work of Honoré Fabri,<br />
but he acknowledged and discussed Grimaldi’s work in Book III part 1 of the<br />
Opticks.<br />
Grimaldi was professor of mathematics at the Jesuit college in Bologna.<br />
This is his only work, edited by the Bolognese bookseller Girolamo Bernia.<br />
Grimaldi built astronomical instruments for Riccioli and drew at least one of<br />
the plates for his Almagestum novum (1651).<br />
Most copies have two titlepages, one with a short title and the dedicatee’s<br />
arms and with the statement ‘aliisque sequenti pagina indicatis’, the other with<br />
the fuller title ‘aliisque adnexis libri duo, in quorum primo asseruntur nova<br />
experimenta... in secunda autem dissolvuntur argumenta in prima adducta’.<br />
Only the former is present in this copy. It seems that the long title was printed<br />
on a1 and the short title, perhaps printed later, on a bifolium with a conjugate<br />
blank. Here the short title simply replaces the long title, as was the case in<br />
William Jones’ copy in the MacclesWeld Library.<br />
73<br />
GRuITHuISEN, Franz von Paula (1774–1852)<br />
Analekten für erdund himmelskunde. Herausgegeben vom Fr. v.<br />
P. Gruithuisen [prelims only, with:] Fünftes – Siebentes Heft [and:]<br />
Neue Analekten für erdund himmelskunde... Ersten Bandes erstes<br />
Heft. (Alter Reihe achtes Heft).<br />
Munich: In der Joh. Palm’schen Buchhandlung, [last part:] In der E. A.<br />
Fleischmann’schen Buchhandlung, 1830–1832.<br />
8vo: Prelims to volume I: lithographed portrait and pp. 4; Fünftes Heft:<br />
pp. [4] 88; Sechstes Heft: pp. [4] 96; Siebentes Heft: pp. [4] 108; Neue<br />
Analekten... Ersten Bandes Erstes Heft: pp. [4] 72. The prelims to part 1<br />
bound after the prelims to part 6.<br />
195 x 115mm.<br />
Binding: Contemporary marbled boards. Spine ends and corners worn.<br />
First edition. OCLC: 46910961.<br />
Prelims to volume I and parts 5–8 only of 15 of this short lived and very rare<br />
astronomical journal edited by Baron von Gruithuisen.<br />
Gruithuisen had studied and taught medicine before turning to astronomy.<br />
He is known for his contributions to urology and methods for the removal<br />
of bladder stones. His observations on the moon, which he believed was<br />
inhabited, were published in 1824.<br />
The titlepage to volume I, dated 1830, with a portrait and introduction is<br />
here bound with part 6 with which it was presumably issued. The complete
volume I consisted of parts 1–7; Neue Analekten vol. I (1832–1834), parts 8–13;<br />
and Neue Analekten vol. I (1832–1834) parts 14–15 (see Hessische Bibliothekssystem,<br />
HeBis). According to the BN record publication began in 1828.<br />
74<br />
GuIBERT, Nicolas (c. 1547–c. 1620)<br />
De interitu alchymiae metallorum transmutatoriae tractatus...<br />
adiuncta est eiusdem Apologia in sophistam Libavium, alchymiae<br />
refutatae furentem calumniatorem, quae loco praefationis in eiusdem<br />
tractatus esse possit.<br />
Toul: apud Sebastianum Philippe, typographum Iuratum, 1614.<br />
8vo: † 8 A–E8 F4 ; 2A–I8 (blanks 2C8, I8), 124 leaves, pp. [16] 88; 141 [3]<br />
(including the blank leaves). Woodcut device on title, woodcut initials.<br />
158 x 92mm. Light waterstaining and browning.<br />
Binding: Nineteenth century half vellum.<br />
Provenance: undeciphered signature on title dated 1739, 40 word<br />
annotation on p. 38 (second sequence) in an eighteenthcentury hand,<br />
some marginal marking and underlining.<br />
First edition. Wellcome 2981; Neville I, p. 558.<br />
Originally a respected alchemist, Guibert became a vehement critic of the<br />
profession. His Wrst published attack on alchemy was his Alchymia ratione et<br />
experientia ita demum viriliter impugnata et expugnata (1603). This provoked a<br />
response from Libavius, his Defensio alchymiae (1604) to which the present work<br />
is Guibert’s justiWcation of his own position. This exchange was important in<br />
the continuing debate over the occult sciences and the emergence of modern<br />
science. Guibert’s works served to reinforce signiWcant, but not widely held<br />
ideas, most importantly his demonstration that metals were distinct species<br />
and not transmutable. This work begins with his ‘Apologia’, the refutation of<br />
Libavius, followed by ‘Alchymia metallorum transmutatoria’.<br />
Guibert was a native of Lorraine, studied medicine at Perugia and was<br />
appointed alchemist to the Duke of Augsburg in 1579. At some time he<br />
returned to Lorraine and died at Vaucouleurs, close to Toul where this book<br />
was printed. Only about 20 books had been printed at Toul by this time.<br />
Thorndike, VI, pp. 245–7; Martin Fichman, DSB 5: 579–80.<br />
75<br />
GuIDI, Guido, or VIDIuS, Vidus, (c. 1500–1569)<br />
De anatome corporis humani libri VII. Nunc primum in lucem<br />
editi. Atque LXXVIII. Tabulis in aes incisis illustrati et exornati.<br />
Venice: apud Iuntas, 1611.<br />
Folio: engraved titleleaf and a 6 A–2D 6 2E 4 , 173 leaves, pp. [12] 342 (i.e.<br />
332, 325–334 omitted). Woodcut headpieces and initials, 78 full page engravings<br />
printed in the text. The engraved title is signed ‘Franco. Vallegio<br />
et Catarin Doino. sculpsit’, the anatomical engravings are unsigned.
327 x 222mm. Titlepage dustsoiled and wormholes and small marginal<br />
tears repaired; round wormholes in the margins at the beginning of the<br />
book, not aVecting text or plates, some minor staining and soiling here and<br />
there, overall a good fresh copy with bright impressions of the engravings.<br />
Binding: Recent vellum boards.<br />
Provenance: undeciphered circular owner’s stamp in margin of titlepage.<br />
First edition, issued as part of Vol. III of Guidi’s Ars medicinalis (3<br />
vols, 1611) and probably also separately. Krivatsy 5118; Waller 3816;<br />
Norman Library 955; cf. Wellcome 6601 (Ars medicinalis, 3 vols, 1611).<br />
In the history of anatomical illustration, Guidi, a descendant of Ghirlandaio,<br />
is celebrated for the superb large woodcuts in his Chirurgia (1544). Sadly his<br />
anatomy was never published in his lifetime, or it might have been graced with<br />
woodcuts to challenge Vesalius. As Wrst published here, it was edited by his<br />
relative and namesake known as Guido Guidi the younger (his dates are not<br />
known). Roberts and Tomlinson speculate that while<br />
some of the illustrations probably originate with Guidi<br />
the elder, others were probably supplied by Guidi the<br />
younger, plagiarised from the usual sources. The text<br />
mentions Vesalius, Valverde and Colombo, so must<br />
have been written after 1543 and before Guidi’s death<br />
in 1569 and ‘is the work of a scientist fully conscious<br />
of the Vesalian revolution and seeking his inspiration<br />
from nature’ (M. D. Grmek, DSB 5: 580).<br />
Commentators vary in their response to the<br />
illustrations. Choulant remarks that ‘the plates are<br />
mostly new and original. They remind one more of<br />
Eust achius than of Vesalius’, while Grmek Wnds them<br />
‘hideous’. This is certainly unfair. Although many of<br />
the Wgures are familiar, many are not (especially the<br />
internal organs), and the arrangement of Wgures on the<br />
plates is original and the engraving is of high quality.<br />
There is no debate about the quality of the engraved<br />
titlepage signed by Francesco Valesio (1560–1648?)<br />
as the artist and Caterino Doino, with whom Valesio<br />
frequently collaborated, as the engraver. Valesio was<br />
the engraver of the titlepage to Casserius, Tabulae<br />
anatomicae (1627) – with which this titlepage shows<br />
some similarity – and he is usually credited with<br />
engraving the Casserius anatomical illustrations (see<br />
Spighel, De humani corporis fabrica below). Although<br />
the plates here in Guidi’s book are unsigned, Cazort,<br />
does not demur in assigning them all to Doino after<br />
Valesio.<br />
The lavish titlepage surely suggests that De anatome<br />
was intended to be issued separately, as well as forming<br />
part of volume III of Ars medicinalis (not the whole<br />
of volume III as is often stated), the posthumous<br />
edition of Guidi the elder’s work, collected, edited
and augmented by Guidi the younger. Most copies however seem to be in<br />
later bindings, or accompanied by other parts of Ars medicinalis vol. III so<br />
may have been extracted from copies of the collected works.<br />
Choulant–Frank pp. 211–212; K. B. Roberts and J. D. W. Tomlinson, The Fabric of<br />
the Body (1992) pp. 234–243. Mimi Cazort, Monique Kornell and K. B. Roberts,<br />
The ingenious machine of nature (1996) pp. 167–8; for a discussion of the engraved<br />
titlepage see Robert Herlinger, History of medical illustration (1970), p. 168.<br />
76<br />
HAHN, Otto (1879–1968) and Fritz STRASSMAN<br />
Einiges über die experimentelle Entwirrung der bei der Spaltung<br />
des urans auftretenden Elemente und Atomarten... Aus den<br />
Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Jargang<br />
1942. Math.naturw. Klasse. Nr. 3.<br />
Berlin: verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften. In Kommission bei Walter<br />
de Gruyter u. Co. (gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei), 1942.<br />
4to: pp. 30, 19 graphs printed in the text.<br />
296 x 210mm.<br />
Binding: Original orange printed wrappers. Small chip in lower<br />
wrapper.<br />
First separate edition.<br />
The second of Hahn and Strassman’s three fundamental papers on nuclear<br />
Wssion.<br />
For the Wrst paper in the series, ‘Über das Zerplatzen des urankernes durch<br />
langsame Neutronen’ (1939) see Dibner, Heralds of Science 168; and Norman<br />
Library 963.<br />
77<br />
HAHN, Otto (1879–1968) and Fritz STRASSMAN<br />
Die chemische Abscheidung der bei der Spaltung des Urans<br />
entstehenden Elemente und Atomarten... Aus den Abhandlungen<br />
der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Jargang 1944. Math.naturw.<br />
Klasse. Nr. 12.<br />
Berlin: verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften. In Kommission bei Walter<br />
de Gruyter u. Co. (gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei), 1944.<br />
4to: pp. 14, 1 text illustration.<br />
296 x 212mm.<br />
Binding: Original orange printed wrappers.<br />
First separate edition.<br />
The third of Hahn and Strassman’s three fundamental papers on nuclear<br />
Wssion.
78<br />
HARTLIB, Samuel (d. 1662)<br />
Cornu copia. A miscellanium of lucriferous and most fructiferous<br />
experiments, observations, and discoveries, immethodically distributed;<br />
to be really demonstrated and communicated in all sincerity.<br />
[London], 1652?<br />
4to: A–B4 , 8 leaves, pp. 16, drop head title on A1 under a border of<br />
Xeurons, woodcut initial.<br />
[bound with:]<br />
The heads of severall ingenuityes and discoveryes since my last<br />
printed papers.<br />
[London], 1652?<br />
4to: A4 , 4 leaves, pp. 8, drop head title on A1 under a border of<br />
Xeurons, woodcut initial.<br />
180 x 135mm. Small hole in Wrst leaf of Wrst work with loss of a few<br />
letters on the verso, Wrst and last leaves in the volume heavily soiled,<br />
light foxing and waterstains.<br />
Binding: Early twentiethcentury half calf over marbled boards. Spine<br />
worn and chipped at the head.<br />
Provenance: Owner’s stamp ‘Alexander [undeciphered] 1883’ on<br />
Wrst leaf and Hartlib identiWed as the author in an early hand;<br />
contemporary corrections to the text; C. E. Kenny with Kenny<br />
Collection booklabel (sale at Sotheby’s, 24 October 1966, lot 2444).<br />
First editions. 1. Wing H 982; ESTC R9875; Turnbull 38; 2. not in Wing,<br />
ESTC R236673, Folger only; not in Turnbull.<br />
Both publications comprise brief descriptions of wonderful inventions,<br />
but concealing how they might work. The Cornu copia begins with purely<br />
Wnancial schemes, but most of the items are agricultural. Hartlib promises<br />
to demonstrate his inventions ‘by way of exchange, or otherwise, to any<br />
that shall be desirous thereof’ (p. 11). A Wnal section, headed ‘Generall<br />
Accommodations’, speciWes services to be obtained and redress for loss or<br />
theft. Hartlib promises that ‘Whosoever shall be so instrumental to their own<br />
happiness and future content... may... have such excellent designes illustrated<br />
unto them’ (p. 15). Turnbull notes that this part Hartlib lifted from Adolphus<br />
Speed, Generall Accomodations by Address (1650, Turnbull pp. 79 and 99).<br />
The items in the second pamphlet, Heads of Severall Ingenuityes and<br />
Discoveries are promised improvements to agriculture, as well as the kind of<br />
material found in books of secrets, such as making artiWcial pearls and secret<br />
writing.<br />
G. H. Turnbull, Hartlib, Dury and Comenius: gleanings from Hartlib’s papers<br />
(1947).
79<br />
HARTLIB, Samuel (d. 1662)<br />
Chymical, medicinal and chyrurgical addresses made to Samuel<br />
Hartlib.<br />
London: printed by G. Dawson for Giles Calvert at the Black-spread Eagle<br />
at the West End of Pauls, 1655.<br />
8vo: A4 B– L8 8<br />
* † 4 , 96 leaves, pp. [8] 181 (i.e. 159, 78–79, 115–132<br />
and 174–175 omitted) [25]. Divisional title ‘A short and easie method<br />
of surgery... newly translated out of Dutch, 1654’ on K2.<br />
129 x 80mm. Titlepage heavily soiled and with the corner restored<br />
with loss of 2 letters; a few page numbers, signatures and catchwords<br />
shaved or cropped; Wrst line of divisional title shaved; some minor<br />
worming in the blank margins; brown stain in lower outer margin at<br />
the beginning of the book. After the titlepage a good fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Eighteenthcentury mottled sheep, unlettered spine with gilt<br />
bands. Joints cracked.<br />
Provenance: Nineteenthcentury armorial bookplate of Geroge F.<br />
Cartwright.<br />
First edition. Turnbull 50; Wing C3779; ESTC R209495; Fulton, Boyle [1].<br />
This very rare book includes Robert Boyle’s Wrst published work, ‘An invitation<br />
to a free and generous communication of secrets and receits in Physick’ (pp.<br />
113–150), headed ‘Philaretus to Empyricus’ and signed ‘Philaretus’.<br />
In the years leading up to the foundation of the Royal Society in 1660,<br />
Hartlib’s initiative in promoting the exchange of scientiWc information was<br />
inXuential, and was eagerly followed by Boyle. ‘His essay was composed very<br />
much in the spirit of Hartlib’s demand for the completely free distribution<br />
of intelligence on all matters. Boyle argued on both practical and theological<br />
grounds for the free communication of newly discovered chemical remedies.<br />
He asserted that by preserving cryptic language and oaths of secrecy, the<br />
chemists could never be certain of the quality of their discoveries or ensure<br />
the survival of their work in future generations.’ (Charles Webster, The Great<br />
Instauration, 1975, p. 304).<br />
In another contribution to the volume, ‘A Caveat for Alchymists’ (pp.<br />
49–99), Gabriel Platts outlined a scheme for a state laboratory. After Platts’<br />
death Frederick Clodius established a laboratory in Hartlib’s kitchen and a<br />
neighbouring blacksmith’s shop. Plans were also drawn up for a ‘universal<br />
laboratory’, and Hartlib wrote to Boyle on 8 May 1654 asking for his support.<br />
(Webster p. 303). Platts’ essay is prefaced by an address to the reader dated<br />
Westminster, 10 March 1643.<br />
The full list of papers is given on the titlepage as follows:<br />
1. Whether the Vrim & Thummim were given in the Mount, or perfected<br />
by Art.<br />
2. Sir George Ripley’s Epistle, to King Edward unfolded.<br />
3. Gabriel Plats Caveat for Alchymists.<br />
4. A Conference concerning the Phylosophers Stone.
5. An Invitation to a free and generous communication of secrets and<br />
receits in Physick.<br />
6. Whether or no, each several Disease hath a Particular Remedy?<br />
7. A new and easie Method of Chirurgery, for the curing of all fresh<br />
Wounds or other Hurts.<br />
8. A Discourse about the Essence or Existence of Mettals.<br />
9. The New Positions, pretended Prophetical Prognostications, Of what<br />
shall happen to Physicians, Chyrurgeons, Apothecaries, Alchymists, and<br />
Miners.<br />
80<br />
HARVEY, William (1578–1657)<br />
De motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus anatomica<br />
exercitatio. Cui postrema hac editione accesserunt Cl. V. Johannis<br />
Walaei... Epistolae Duae, quibus Harveii doctrina roboratur.<br />
Padua: apud Sebastianum Sardum... sumptibus Dominici Ricciardi, 1643.<br />
12mo: ✠6 A–I12 K6 , 120 leaves, pp. [12] 227 [1] (last page blank).<br />
Woodcut device on title.<br />
2 folding engraved plates (bound after p. 102).<br />
165 x 75mm, untrimmed. Lower margin of title defective with loss<br />
of last line of imprint, restored and missing words supplied in pen<br />
facsimile; lower margin of E2 defective, with signature and catchword<br />
supplied; 40 x 20mm piece torn from bottom of Wrst plate, and 25 x 20<br />
piece torn from within the second plate, both restored and the missing<br />
parts of the engravings supplied in pen and ink; both plates torn in the<br />
fold and restored with some pen and ink work. The restorations are<br />
expertly done, the patches on the plates almost unnoticeable; a clean<br />
and fresh copy, probably washed.<br />
Binding: Recent vellum boards.<br />
Fourth edition (Wrst 1628). Keynes 4; Krivatsy 5330;<br />
De motu cordis, Wrst printed at Frankfurt in 1628, the book in<br />
which Harvey announced his discovery of the circulation of<br />
the blood, is generally considered to be the most important<br />
book in the history of medicine.<br />
The importance of De motu cordis is that it convincingly<br />
showed how observation and experiment could be used to<br />
establish the truth about the workings of the human body.<br />
To arrive at his conclusion that the blood circulates round<br />
the body, rather than being continually regenerated and used<br />
up, Harvey had to convince his contemporaries to put more<br />
faith in experimental science than in the authority of Galen as<br />
the ultimate source of scientiWc knowledge. It was the great<br />
achievement of Vesalius to reveal, by detached observation, the<br />
‘fabric of the human body’ (De humani corporis fabrica, 1545).<br />
This new knowledge of anatomy forced a reexamination of<br />
the workings of various organs. Harvey’s achievement was to
demonstrate, in the case of the most fundamental of all bodily functions, that<br />
physiology must be based on hypothesis, experiment, and logical reasoning.<br />
Nothing less than the invention of modern medical science.<br />
This is the third complete edition of De motu cordis, with the two letters<br />
of Johannes Walaeus (1604–1649) in support of Harvey printed for the Wrst<br />
time. A remarkable survival, this is an untrimmed copy which presumably<br />
remained in a temporary binding – or in sheets – until recently.<br />
For the Wrst edition see Garrison–Morton 759; Dibner, Heralds of Science 123;<br />
Horblit, One Hundred <strong>Books</strong> Famous in Science 46; Printing and the Mind of Man<br />
127; Sparrow, Milestones of Science 93.<br />
81<br />
HARVEY, William (1578–1657)<br />
Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis cum<br />
prefatione Zachariae Sylvii... Accessit Dissertatio de Corde Doct.<br />
Jacobi de Back.<br />
Rotterdam: ex OYcinâ Arnoldi Leers, 1648.<br />
12mo: 12 8<br />
* ** A–I12 ; c2 (–c1) 2A–I12 2K8 (blanks 2K6,7,8), 245 of 246<br />
leaves, pp. [40] 215 [1]; [2] 219 [13] (last 5 pages blank) lacking c1,<br />
the errata leaf to Harvey’s work, supplied as a photographic print.<br />
Engraved title printed on * 1, letterpress title on * 2.<br />
[bound as issued with:]<br />
Exercitationes duae de circulatione sanguinis<br />
Rotterdam: Ex oYcinâ Arnoldi Leers, 1649<br />
12mo: A–F12 , 72 leaves, pp. [2] 140 [2], errata on last leaf, verso blank.<br />
117 x 68mm. Engraved title of Wrst work soiled and slightly frayed<br />
in the margins; small strip cut from top of printed title to remove a<br />
signature; the engraved illustrations oVset onto one another. Overall<br />
lightly soiled and some minor foxing.<br />
Binding: Two works bound together in vellum backed pasteboard.<br />
Recased; worn and soiled.<br />
Provenance: Early inscription clipped from titlepage; Latin inscription<br />
of Charles Townsend dated 1821 on free endleaf; dates between 1840<br />
and 1857 entered in the margins of several pages in another hand.<br />
Seventh editon (including incomplete editions and editions printed<br />
in other works) of De motu cordis (Wrst 1628); second edition of De<br />
circulatione sanguinis (Wrst 1649). Keynes 7, 32; Krivatsy 5332, 5340;<br />
Waller 4091, 4116; Norman Library 1007 and 1010.<br />
This volume contains the third separate edition of De motu cordis and the<br />
second edition of Harvey’s Wrst reply to criticism of his work, De circulatione<br />
sanguinis, Wrst printed earlier in the same year at Cambridge. This edition of De<br />
motu cordis is important for being the Wrst corrected text, revised by Zacharias<br />
Sylvius (1608?–1664) and Jacobus de Back (1593–1658). It includes a preface<br />
by Sylvius and de Back’s Dissertatio de corde which is as long as De motu cordis
itself. These two Rotterdam editions, often bound together as here, are also<br />
important for serving as the basis for the English editions of Harvey’s works:<br />
the Latin edition of 1660, the Wrst English edition of 1653 and its reprints of<br />
1673 and 1928, all contain the texts in the two works in this volume.<br />
This copy lacks the errata leaf to De motu cordis. This was printed as the Wrst<br />
leaf of a bifolium inserted between Harvey’s work and de Back, Dissertatio de<br />
corde (designated c2 in the collational formula), the Wrst leaf being the errata<br />
to De motu cordis, which is missing, its conjugate pair being the sectional<br />
titlepage to De Back’s work, which is present.<br />
M. J. van Lieburg, ‘Zacharias Sylvius (1608–1664), Author of the Prefatio to<br />
the Rotterdam Edition (1648) of Harvey’s De Motu Cordis’, Janus 65 (1978)<br />
241–257.<br />
82<br />
HARVEY, William (1578–1657)<br />
Exercitationes anatomicae, de motu cordis & sanginis<br />
circulatione. Cum duplici indice, capitum et rerum. Quibus<br />
accesserunt Jo. Walaei, de motu chyli & sanguinis, epistolae duae.<br />
Itemque dissertatio de corde Doct. Jac. de Back.<br />
London: ex oYcina R. Danielis, 1660.<br />
12mo: 12 8<br />
* ** A–V12 X4 , 264 leaves, pp. [40]464 [24] (last page<br />
blank).<br />
124 x 70mm. Paper Xaw in D9 with loss of 2 letters; corner of T1 torn<br />
away with loss of a few letters of catchword; waterstaining from sig. N<br />
to the end of the book.<br />
Binding: Contemporary calf, red edges. Old reback, corners worn, rear<br />
free endleaf removed.<br />
Provenance: Thomas Waterhouse, early signature on engraved title<br />
and inscription on free endleaf, ‘Geo: Smelter given to him by Mr<br />
Waterhouse’; small blind stamp on endleaf with motto ‘Scientia<br />
Semper Innitor’.<br />
Tenth edition (Wrst 1628). Keynes 10; Wing H1089; ESTC R21492.<br />
This edition contains the Wrst Latin edition of De motu cordis printed in<br />
England; and the Wrst London edition in Latin of Exercitatio anatomica de<br />
circulatione sanguinis (Wrst printed at Cambridge in 1649). The texts follow<br />
the Rotterdam editions of 1648 and 1649 (see above).<br />
This edition omits the illustrations, although they are referred to in the<br />
text.<br />
83<br />
HARVEY, William (1578–1657)<br />
The anatomical exercises... concerning the motion of the heart and<br />
blood. With the preface of Zachariah Wood... to which is added, Dr<br />
James de Back, his discourse of the heart.
London: printed for Richard Lowndes at the White Lion in Duck Lane,<br />
and Math. GilliXower, at the Sun in Westminster-Hall, 1673.<br />
8vo: a4 A–u8 , 164 leaves, pp. [24] 107 [21] 16 13–172.<br />
168 x 105mm. Titlepage soiled and repaired in the inner margin, inner<br />
margins of following preliminary leaves also slightly damaged and<br />
some waterstaining towards the inner margin in the Wrst third of the<br />
book; light marginal foxing.<br />
Binding: Contemporary panelled calf, red edges, old clumsy reback,<br />
repairs to corners, now very worn and frayed.<br />
Provenance: Signature ‘George Shaw 1823’ on title. 17 words of<br />
annotation in a contemporary hand.<br />
Second edition in English (Wrst English 1653), translations of Harvey,<br />
De motu cordis and De circulatione sanguinis and Jacobus de Back,<br />
Dissertatio de corde. Keynes 20; Wing H1084; ESTC R15020.<br />
The English translation is based on the Rotterdam editions of 1648 and<br />
1649, (no. 81 above), revised by Zacharias Sylvius (1608?–1664) and Jacobus<br />
de Back (1593–1658). It includes the preface by Sylvius. Although Wrst<br />
published in Harvey’s lifetime, he probably had no hand in preparing the<br />
English text. ‘It gives a vigorous, if unpolished, rendering of Harvey’s book<br />
in contemporary language’ (Keynes, Bibliography, p. 27). Only one other<br />
edition of this text has been printed, the Nonesuch press edition of 1928.<br />
The other English editions are modernised versions of the 1653 text or are<br />
new translations.<br />
The two English editions (1653 and 1673) omit the illustrations, although<br />
they are still referred to in the text.<br />
84<br />
HARVEY, William (1578–1657)<br />
Exercitationes de generatione animalium. Quibus accedunt<br />
quaedam De partu; De Membranis ac humoribus uteri: & De<br />
conceptione.<br />
London: typis Du-Gardianis; impensis Octaviani Pulleyn in Coemeterio<br />
Paulino, 1651.<br />
4to: p 4 (–p1 blank) a 4 B–2S 4 (blank 2S4), 167 of 168 leaves, pp. [28]<br />
301 [3] (errata on 2S3v, last 2 pages blank). p2, etched title; p3,<br />
printed title with woodcut device; woodcut headpieces and initials. p2,<br />
the etched titlepage, is here bound as a recto and the stub of the blank<br />
p1 is between p3 and p4.<br />
220 x 155mm. Worm holes and tracks in the lower margins, just<br />
touching the lower rule border of the etched titlepage. Text browned<br />
but the etched titlepage clean and a good impression.<br />
Binding: Contemporary sheep, gilt ruled sides and spine. Head and<br />
tail of spine and joints repaired, corners worn, surface of leather<br />
pitted.
Provenance: Old signature on printed titlepage scored through.<br />
First edition. Keynes 34; Wing H1091; ESTC R17816;<br />
Garrison–Morton 467; Norman Library 1011.<br />
Harvey’s second great contribution to physiology, this is one of<br />
the classics of embryology. The problem of generation was a much<br />
more diYcult one than the circulation of the blood. It occupied<br />
Harvey for most of his life and in the end it was not susceptible to a<br />
full solution in his time. The great contributions of this book were<br />
however of huge signiWcance. Harvey’s doctrine that every living<br />
thing comes from an egg; his insistence on epigenesis as opposed<br />
to preformation of the embryo; and his rejection of spontaneous<br />
generation are only three of the ten of Harvey’s achievements in this<br />
book identiWed by Needham (History of Embryology, pp. 149–50).<br />
In addition, the last part of the book is a treatise on gynaecology<br />
and obstetrics drawing on Harvey’s own practice which though<br />
celebrated in Herbert Spencer’s 1921 Harveian Oration, seems to<br />
have been little discussed since then.<br />
The famous and often reproduced engraved title, unsigned<br />
but attributed to Richard Gaywood (c. 1630–1680), shows the<br />
Wgure of Jove taking the top oV a large egg, out of which escape a<br />
Xurry of small creatures. On the egg is the legend Ex ovo omnia,<br />
everything from an egg, the central pillar of Harvey’s theory of<br />
generation. It was probably Gaywood who also etched a portrait<br />
of Harvey that was originally intended for the book but which<br />
was suppressed before publication. (On the etched titlepage and<br />
portrait see Keynes, Life of Harvey, pp. 332–334 and plates XXVIII<br />
and XXIX.)<br />
85<br />
HARVEY, William (1578–1657)<br />
Anatomical exercitations, concerning the generation of living<br />
creatures: to which are added particular discourses, of births,<br />
conceptions, &c.<br />
London: printed by James Young, for Octavian Pulleyn, and are to be sold<br />
at his shop at the sign of the Rose in St. Pauls Church-yard, 1653.<br />
8vo: A 8 (–A1, blank) a 8 8 B–2N 8 (–2N8, blank), 302 of 304 leaves, pp.<br />
[46] 551 562–566 [2] (errata on 2N7, verso blank).<br />
Engraved frontispiece showing a bust of Harvey, signed ‘W: F: fec’<br />
supplied from a later impression on heavy paper (probably<br />
Wellcome, Portraits 1312.9, described as an eighteenthcentury<br />
impression from the original plate).<br />
164 x 100mm. Titlepage soiled and frayed in the margins; piece torn<br />
from fore margin of C1 touching a few letters; one or two headlines<br />
shaved; waterstained; overall light browning and soiling.<br />
Binding: Contemporary panelled calf. Rebacked, headcap rubbed,<br />
corners worn.
First edition in English. The Thomason copy is annotated 2 October.<br />
Keynes 43; Wing H1085; ESTC R13027.<br />
The English edition of Harvey’s second great work was published in the same<br />
year and in the same format as the Wrst English edition of De motu cordis, but<br />
by diVerent booksellers. The translation, much praised by Needham for its<br />
vivid style, has been attributed to Dr Martin Llewelyn who contributed the<br />
prefatory poem, but Keynes Wnds no evidence for this and tentatively suggests<br />
that it was done by Harvey’s friend George Ent who had seen the Wrst edition<br />
through the press.<br />
86<br />
HAVERS, Clopton (d. 1702)<br />
Osteologia nova, or Some new observations of the bones, and the<br />
parts belonging to them, with the manner of their accretion, and<br />
nutrition, communicated to the Royal Society in several discourses.<br />
I. Of the membrane, nature, constituent parts, and internal structure<br />
of the bones. II. Of accretion, and nutrition, as also of the aVections<br />
of the bones in the rickets, and of venereal nodes. III. Of the medulla,<br />
or marrow. IV. Of the mucilaginous glands, with the etiology or<br />
explication of the causes of a rheumatism, and the gout, and the<br />
manner how they are produced. To which is added a Wfth discourse of<br />
the cartilages.<br />
London: printed for Samuel Smith at the Prince’s-Arms in St. Paul’s<br />
Church-yard, 1691.<br />
8vo: A–T8 u4 , 156 leaves, pp. [16] 294 [2]. Imprimatur leaf before<br />
title, publisher’s advertisements on last leaf.<br />
2 engraved plates, numbered Tab. I–II, the second folded (bound after<br />
prelims).<br />
180 x 108mm. Clean tears at the top of A6 and A7 with slight loss to<br />
the blank margin and aVecting the text but without loss.<br />
Binding: Contemporary calf. Joints cracked but cords holding, inner<br />
hinge strengthened, free endleaves removed, very worn.<br />
Provenance: John Lund, signature on title (nineteenth century?).<br />
First edition. A second edition was published in 1729. Wing H1162;<br />
ESTC R21003; Garrison–Morton 387; Russell 395; Norman<br />
Catalogue 1024.<br />
‘The Wrst complete and systematic study of the structure of the bones. Havers<br />
gave the Wrst full description of the microscopic structure of the bone canals<br />
made for the passage of bloodvessels, named “Haversian canals” in his honor.<br />
He also descried the Haversian lamellae, the synovial fringes and folds, and the<br />
small penetrating prolongation of the periosteum; the treatise’s two engraved<br />
plates provide a clear schema of the structures he had discovered. He made<br />
important observations on bone growth, correcting Glisson’s statement that<br />
uneven rickety bones grow on their harder side.’ (Norman Library 1024.)
87<br />
HELMHOLTZ, Hermann von (1821–1894)<br />
Ueber die wechselwirkung der naturkräfte und die darauf<br />
bezüglichen neuesten Ermittlungen der Physik.<br />
Königsberg: verlag von Gräfe & Unzer (Gedruckt bei h. Hartung in<br />
Königsberg), 1854.<br />
8vo: pp. 46.<br />
202 x 127mm.<br />
Binding: Bound in contemporary marbled boards, without the original<br />
printed wrappers.<br />
Provenance: Pencil underlining.<br />
First edition. Reprinted in part 2 of Populäre wissenschaftliche Vorträge<br />
(1865, see below).<br />
88<br />
HELMHOLTZ, Hermann von (1821–1894)<br />
Populäre wissenschaftliche Vorträge.<br />
Braunschweig: druck und verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und sohn, 1865–76.<br />
8vo, part 1, 1865: pp. [6] 134; part 2, 1871: pp. x 211 [1 blank]; part 3,<br />
1876: pp. x 139 [1 blank]. Wood engraved text illustrations, 7 of those<br />
in part 1 with one or two printed colours.<br />
208 x 133mm. Light stain in Wrst few leaves of Wrst part; some<br />
insigniWcant foxing.<br />
Binding: Contemporary pastepaper boards. Spine ends and board<br />
edges worn.<br />
First collected edition; several of the lectures are published here for the<br />
Wrst time.<br />
Popular lectures on many of the subjects to which Helmholz made signiWcant<br />
contributions, including physiological acoustics, ophthalmology and the<br />
theory of the conservation of energy. Part 1 includes the Wrst edition of his<br />
lecture ‘Ice and Glaciers’, evocatively illustrated with wood engravings in<br />
which the glaciers are shown in a pale bluegreen tint.<br />
89<br />
HELMONT, Franciscus Mercurius van (1614–1699)<br />
Alphabeti verè naturalis Hebraici brevisssima delineatio.<br />
Quae simul methodum suppeditat, juxta quam qui surdi nati sunt sic<br />
informari possunt, ut non alios saltemloquentes intelligant, sed & ipsi<br />
ad sermonis usum perveniant.<br />
Sulzbach: typis Abrahami Lichtenthaleri [date misprinted M.DC.LVII on<br />
title and corrected], 1667.
12mo: ):( 12 2):( 6 A–D8 E6 , 72 leaves, pp. [36] 107 [1]. Engraved title on<br />
):(1 verso, signed ‘F. Franck sc.’<br />
36 engraved plates numbered 1–36 (bound at the end, gathered in 3<br />
12leaf sections).<br />
135 x 78mm. A few early paper repairs (done before binding?); some<br />
dustsoiling.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards.<br />
Provenance: nineteenthcentury bookplate of the London Society for<br />
Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews, 16 Lincoln’s Inn Fields.<br />
First edition. A German edition, Kurzter EntwurV des Eigentlichen Natur-<br />
Alphabets der Heiligen Sprache was issued by the same publisher in the<br />
same year, and a Dutch version in 1679. Wellcome III p. 241; Krivatsy<br />
5426; VD17 12:153272L.<br />
A pioneer work in the theory of language in which van Helmont sought to<br />
show how the deaf may be taught to speak; and to prove that Hebrew is a<br />
‘holy language’ because the characters of the alphabet resemble the position<br />
of the lips and tongue to form the sounds with which mankind was Wrst taught<br />
to speak. Van Helmont’s method of teaching the deaf contains the basic<br />
principles of all later teaching methods (Sherrer pp. 422–424).<br />
Letters and conWgurations of the throat and tongue are shown on the<br />
thirtysix engraved plates. using these images van Helmont claimed to have<br />
successfully taught deafmutes to articulate the alphabet on Wrst sight.<br />
Van Helmont’s theories of phonetics were discussed by such contemporaries<br />
as Samuel Hartlib, John Worthington, Henry More, and Increase Mather.<br />
His neglect by later generations in Britain, Sherrer asserts, must be due to<br />
the fact that the book was never translated into English.<br />
Francis Mercurius was the only surviving son of Jan Baptiste van Helmont<br />
(1614–1698), the Paracelsian chemist. This was the younger van Helmont’s<br />
Wrst book. ‘His characteristic blend of the speculative and entirely practical<br />
was shown by his proposals arising from his theory for teaching those born<br />
deaf to speak and to understand speech.’ (Stuart Brown in ODNB).<br />
It appears that in this copy the misprint on the titlepage has been corrected<br />
by handstamping the missing X; a variant has the date correctly printed (VD17<br />
7:628249S) and the real date is conWrmed by the colophon.<br />
Ferguson I p. 380; Grace B Sherrer, ‘Francis Mercury Van Helmont: A Neglected<br />
SeventeenthCentury Contribution To The Science Of Language’, The Review of<br />
English Studies, 14 (1938) 420–427.<br />
90<br />
HELMONT, Franciscus Mercurius van (1614–1699)<br />
The paradoxal discourses of F. M. Van Helmont, concerning the<br />
macrocosm and microcosm, or the greater and lesser world, and their<br />
union set down in writing and now published by J. B.<br />
London: printed by J. C[ottrell]. and Freeman Collins, for Robert<br />
Kettlewel, at the Hand and Scepter near S. Dunstan’s Church in Fleetstreet,<br />
1685.
8vo: A–I8 ; a–n8 o4 , 180 leaves, pp. [16] 127 [1]; 215 [1] (last page of<br />
Wrst part blank, errata on Wnal page).<br />
2 engraved plates (facing pp. 19 and 22 of the second part).<br />
183 x 115mm. Light paper discolouration; plates backed with old paper.<br />
Binding: Recent half morocco over marbled boards, marbled endleaves.<br />
First edition. The original Dutch, Paradoxale discoursen ofte ongemeene<br />
meeningen van de groote en kleyne wereld en speciaal van de wederkeeringe<br />
der menschelijke zielen, was not published until 1693. Wing H1393;<br />
ESTC R9542; Wellcome II, p. 241; Krivatsy 5429; Neville I, p. 610.<br />
A series of philosophical, theological, medical and scientiWc essays demonstrating<br />
van Helmont’s cabbalistic philosophy. The work includes some<br />
chemical experiments (Partington II, p. 242), and the plates are of human<br />
embryology, the Wrst copied, with acknowledgement, from Swammerdam,<br />
Miraculum naturae (1672).<br />
Van Helmont felt that his works would be better received in English and had<br />
several of his books published in English at this time. The Paradoxal discourses<br />
were written down, or perhaps ghost written by ‘J. B.’ who had followed van<br />
Helmont from Amsterdam to England. He explains in the Preface that he took<br />
down Helmont’s words in Dutch and translated the treatises into English.<br />
He apologizes for any deWciencies in the language due to the haste with<br />
which he did it ‘by reason of my unexpected departure out of the Land, after<br />
I had undertaken it’; and to his being a ‘Hollander’. He assures us that it is<br />
nonetheless ‘published with the will and consent of the Author’. In place of a<br />
portrait of the author, which J. B. had wanted to prevent fraud, van Helmont’s<br />
Patent of Honour granted by the Holy Roman Emperour is printed at the<br />
end (in Latin) as ‘a testimony of his outward manner of life’.<br />
‘Van Helmont visited England initially on diplomatic missions, but he<br />
became resident physician to Anne, Viscountess Conway, from 1670 until<br />
1679. They became closely associated as Christian cabbalists and they converted<br />
to Quakerism together. After Lady Conway’s death van Helmont<br />
returned for a while to the continent, where he saw to the publication of her<br />
book. During a second extended stay in England (1681–5) he enjoyed the<br />
hospitality of Quakers, some of whom had been much inXuenced by him, and<br />
he published some of his expositions of the central doctrines of the Lurianic<br />
cabbala...’ (Stuart Brown in ODNB).<br />
S. Brown, ‘F. M. van Helmont: his philosophical connections and the reception<br />
of his later Cabbalistic philosophy’, in M. A. Stewart, ed., Studies in seventeenthcentury<br />
European philosophy (1997), 97–116 on pp. 107–7.<br />
91<br />
HELMONT, Franciscus Mercurius van (1614–1699)<br />
Paradoxal Discourse, oder: Ungemeine Meynüngen von dem<br />
Macrocosmo und Microcosmo, das ist: Von der grossen und<br />
kleinern welt und verselben Vereinigung... Auf der Englischen in die<br />
Hochteutsche sprache übersetzet.<br />
Hamburg: Verlegts Gottfried Liebernickel, 1691.
8vo: )( 4 A–K8 †K8 L–Z8 2A4 (blanks )(2 and 2A4), 200 leaves, pp. [8] 369<br />
(i.e. 389, 251–270 repeated [3] (including the blanks). Title in red and<br />
black, woodcut tailpieces, full page woodcut illustrations on pp. 168 & 173.<br />
162 x 98mm.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Worn and soiled.<br />
Provenance: Initials ‘MR’ and ‘CF’ and an undeciphered signature<br />
dated 1790 on title and notes on endleaf; early annotation on free<br />
endleaf; twentiethcentury bookplate of M. K. Neudold.<br />
First German edition, translated from the English, Paradoxal discourses<br />
(1685). The original Dutch, Paradoxale discoursen ofte ongemeene<br />
meeningen van de groote en kleyne wereld en speciaal van de wederkeeringe<br />
der menschelijke zielen, was not published until 1693. Another issue is<br />
dated 1692. Ferguson I, p. 379.<br />
92<br />
HELMONT, Franciscus Mercurius van (1614–1699)<br />
and Paulus BuCHIuS (b. 1657 or 8)<br />
The divine being and its attributes philosophically demonstrated<br />
from the Holy Scriptures, and original nature of things. According to<br />
the principles of F. M. B. of Helmont. Written in LowDutch by Paulus<br />
Buchius Dr. of Physick, and translated into English by Philanglus.<br />
London: printed, and are to be sold by Randal Taylor, near Stationers<br />
Hall, 1693.<br />
8vo: a8 (–a1 blank) A–P8 , 127 of 128 leaves, pp. [14] 240.<br />
146 x 88mm. Clean and fresh.<br />
Binding: Recent sheep by Bernard Middleton.<br />
First edition, a translation of Het godlyk weezen en deszelfs eygenschappen...<br />
Naar de gronden van Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont (Amsterdam,<br />
printed for van Helmont, 1694). Another issue has the imprint<br />
‘printed for the Author, and are to be sold by several booksellers in<br />
London and Westminster, 1693’. ESTC R19628; Wing B5299.<br />
The main text is by Buchius, a physician at Amsterdam, and was compiled<br />
from conversations with van Helmont. At the end there is an Appendix by<br />
van Helmont himself, ‘An appendix of Several Questions with their Answers<br />
Concerning the Hypothesis of the Revolution [reincarnation] of Humane Souls.’<br />
Helmont was in touch with Cambridge Platonists Henry More and Anne<br />
Conway and made sure that certain of his works were put into English. His<br />
involvement in this edition is clear from his Preface to the Appendix, in which<br />
he says that he has had it translated out of Dutch into English and that it<br />
was at the request of his friends – not speciWed – that he had it appended to<br />
Buchius’ work. Furthermore the Dutch edition was printed at van Helmont’s<br />
expense (‘gedrukt voor den Hr. van Helmont’).<br />
At the end of the prelims is an announcement of the impending publication<br />
of Helmont’s, The spirit of diseases (London, printed for Sarah Howkins, 1694)<br />
‘to which this following Tract in several places refers’.
93<br />
HELMONT, Franciscus Mercurius van (1614–1699);<br />
LEIBNIZ, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von (1646–1716)<br />
Quaedam praemeditatae & consideratae cogitationes super<br />
quatuor priora capita libri primi Moysis, Genesis nominati.<br />
Amsterdam: prostant apud Henr. Wetstenium, 1697.<br />
12mo: 4<br />
* A–G8 H–I4 , 68 leaves, pp. [8] 115 (i.e. 127, last page misnumbered)<br />
[1] (last page blank). Title in red and black. Printed on<br />
two diVerent paper stocks.<br />
154 x 89mm.<br />
Binding: Contemporary half calf over sprinkled boards, gilt spine,<br />
marbled pastedowns.<br />
First edition. A German translation was printed in 1698. Ravier 284;<br />
Neu 1889.<br />
Van Helmont’s last work, edited and possibly in fact ghostwritten by Leibniz.<br />
‘In 1696 van Helmont visited Hanover and revived two old friendships – one<br />
with the Electress Sophia, whose father, the elector of the Palatine, he had<br />
once served, and the other with the philosopher G. W. Leibniz. He persuaded<br />
Leibniz to draft and see to the publication of the Quaedam praemeditatae &<br />
consideratae cogitationes super quatuor priora capita libri primi Moysis (1697),<br />
a work that largely expounds van Helmont’s cabbalistic reXections on the<br />
creation.’ (Stuart Brown in ODNB.)<br />
Pagel has noted on an inserted slip that the book contains alchemical<br />
passages, for example on p. 62.<br />
94<br />
HELMONT, Franciscus Mercurius van (1614–1699)<br />
Curiose Erwegung der Worte Moysis Gen. VI, 2.<br />
[Germany]: Anno, 1699.<br />
12mo: A–B12 , 24 leaves, pp. 48. The passage from Genesis VI, 2<br />
on the titlepage is in Hebrew and German. The text is in German<br />
interspersed with Hebrew and Greek.<br />
140 x 90mm, untrimmed.<br />
Binding: Nicely bound in recent sprinkled sheep.<br />
Provenance: Signature ‘Dr Ferber [?] Hamburg 1878’ on verso of title;<br />
Ernst Darmstaedter (1877–1938), historian of science with his stamp<br />
on verso of title; the bulk of Darmstaedter’s library was acquired by<br />
the Wellcome Library in 1930. Walter Pagel’s signature on free endleaf<br />
and his pencil notes on the attribution of the book to van Helmont.<br />
First edition? Another edition with spelling Mosis in place of Moysis on<br />
the titlepage and the place of printing given as Amsterdam is dated<br />
1700; reprinted in Georg Welling, Opus mago-cabbalisticum (1784).<br />
VD17 14:670813R.
Pagel’s notes on the endleaves conWrm the attribution to van Helmont: ‘Weigel<br />
is the main source. Also suggestive of F. M. Van Helmont’s authorship is the<br />
story (p. 27) from Trebbin in Mark Brandenburg where Helmont stayed at<br />
the time’. He also notes Welling’s reprint of the work.<br />
There is a copy of the 1700 edition in Cornell university Library’s witchcraft<br />
collection, but the book is not noticed in JeanPierre Coumont, Demonology<br />
and Witchcraft, an Annotated Bibliography (2004).<br />
95<br />
HELMONT, Jean Baptiste van (1577–1644)<br />
Ortus medicinae. Id est, initia physicae inaudita. Progressus<br />
medicinae novus, in morborum ultionem, ad vitam longam.<br />
[bound, as issued, with:]<br />
Opuscula medica inaudita. I. De lithiasi. II. De febribus. III. De<br />
humoribus Galeni. IV. De peste. Editio secunda multo emendatior.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Ludovicum Elzevirium, 1648.<br />
4to: Ortus medicinae: * –4 4<br />
* 5* 2 A–5I4 , 422 leaves, pp. [36] 800 (i.e.<br />
808, pp. 87–88 and 373–382 repeated and 540–1 and 543–4 omitted).<br />
Engraved double portrait surrounded by coats of arms on * 5v. Woodcut<br />
device on title, woodcut initials, a few small diagrams in the text.<br />
Opuscula medica inaudita: A–P4 (blank P4); 2A–O4 P2 ; 3A–L4 , 162<br />
leaves, pp. [8] 110; 115 [1]; 88. Woodcut device on title, woodcut<br />
initials.<br />
200 x 152mm. Portrait slightly smaller and probably inserted from another<br />
copy. Light browning in second part but a good fresh and clean copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, green sprinkled edges. Split in<br />
upper joint.<br />
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature dated 1948.<br />
First edition of the Ortus; Second edition of Opuscula (Wrst 1644); the<br />
‘Index tractatum’ on 5*5–6 covers both parts. Wellcome III, p. 241;<br />
Krivatsy 5447 and 5442; Garrison–Morton 665; Printing and the Mind<br />
of Man 135; Neville I, p. 613.<br />
This great work, ‘The Birth of Medicine’ may be considered as the Wrst work<br />
on biochemistry. It is ‘our chief source for the discoveries of Helmont with<br />
regard to the chemical nature of living processes’ (Printing and the Mind of<br />
Man). It also contains many major contributions to chemistry, including that<br />
for which van Helmont is best known, the discovery of gasses.<br />
‘Helmont was one of the founders of biochemistry. He was the Wrst to<br />
realize the physiological importance of ferments and gases, and indeed<br />
invented the word “gas”. He introduced the gravimetric idea in the analysis<br />
of urine. Helmont published very little during his life. The above work is a<br />
collection of his writings, issued by his son, Franz Mercurius.’ (Garrison–<br />
Morton 665).
96<br />
HELMONT, Jean Baptiste van (1577–1644)<br />
Oriatrike or, Physick refined. The common errors therein refuted,<br />
and the whole art reformed & rectiWed: being a new rise and progress<br />
of phylosophy and medicine... now faithfully rendred into English, in<br />
tendency to a common good, and the increase of true science; by J. C.<br />
sometime of M. H. Oxon.<br />
London: printed for Lodowick Loyd, and are to be sold at his shop next the<br />
Castle in Cornhill, 1662.<br />
Folio: p4 a–e4 F2 B–7B4 7C2 7D–7K4 7L2 , 610 leaves, pp. [44] 1161 (i.e.<br />
1176, 663–4 repeated, 6 additional pages in an unnumbered section<br />
between 814 and 827, 993–1000 and 1105–1112 omitted), engraved<br />
double portrait on a1v. Divisional titles on 5M1, 5O1, 6D2 and 6u2.<br />
288 x 185mm. Engraved portrait laid down, shaved in the outer<br />
margin and with a ragged tear; tear in title closed, foot of title frayed;<br />
portrait and title a little soiled; paper Xaw in 7H2 with loss of 1 word<br />
and parts of 5 others; a few insigniWcant marginal tears; minor stains<br />
on a few leaves and a few rust spots. A good clean copy.<br />
Binding: Nineteenthcentury half sheep, upper board detached.<br />
Provenance: Nineteenth century signature ‘Dr Barnes’ [or Banks?];<br />
Walter Pagel’s signature dated 1946.<br />
First edition in English of Ortus medicinae (1648) and other works, edited<br />
by Helmont’s son, Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont (1614–1699).<br />
Wing H1400; ESTC R15308; Neville II, p. 614–5.<br />
‘The English translation is both useful and akin to the original [of the Ortus],<br />
although sometimes quite incorrect’ (Walter Pagel, Joan Baptista van Helmont,<br />
Reformer of Science and Medicine, 1982, paperback edition 2002, p. 211).<br />
97<br />
HENLE, Jacob (1809–1885)<br />
Allgemeine Anatomie. Lehre von den Mischungs und<br />
Formbestandtheilen des menschlichen Körpers.<br />
Leipzig: Verlag von Leopold Voss (Druck von F. A. Brockhaus in<br />
Leipzig), 1841.<br />
8vo: pp. xxiv [2] 1048, [2], woodengraved text illustrations.<br />
5 folding engraved plates signed ‘F. D. L. Franz Wagner del. Stahlst<br />
von C. Haas, numbered I–V (bound at the end).<br />
213 x 125mm.<br />
Binding: Contemporary half roan. Spine worn, joints cracked.<br />
Provenance: Chirurgische Klinik, Greifswald, library stamps, cancelled,<br />
on title and last page and gilt stamp at foot of spine.<br />
First edition. Garrison–Morton 543; Heirs of Hippocrates 1733.<br />
The Wrst systematic treatise on histology.
98<br />
HERMES Trismegistus<br />
The divine Pymander of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus,<br />
in XVII. books. Translated formerly out of the Arabick into Greek,<br />
and thence into Latine, and Dutch, and now out of the original into<br />
English; by that learned divine Doctor Everard.<br />
London: printed by Robert White, for Tho. Brewster, and Greg. Moule, at<br />
the Three Bibles in the Poultrey, under Mildreds Church, 1650.<br />
8vo: A–O8 P4 , 116 leaves, pp. [16] 215 [1]. Title within a border of<br />
Xeurons, woodcut initials.<br />
140 x 90mm. A few headlines shaved, light browning.<br />
Binding: Nineteenthcentury sheep, original front free endleaf<br />
retained. Rubbed.<br />
Provenance: A few pencil annotations (nineteenthcentury?); Bernard<br />
Quaritch Ltd (collation note on rear pastedown). Walter Pagel’s<br />
signature, undated, on pastedown.<br />
First edition in English. Thomason copy annotated 25 September 1649.<br />
Another edition was printed in 1657 together with the second book.<br />
Wing H1565; ESTC R202412.<br />
‘The “Pimander”, the Wrst treatise of the Corpus Hermeticum, gives an<br />
account of the creation which, although it seems to recall Genesis... diVers<br />
radically from Genesis in its account of the creation of man. The second<br />
creative act of the Word in the “Pimander” after the creation of light and the<br />
elements of nature, is the creation of the heavens, or more particularly of the<br />
seven Governors or seven planets on which the lower elemental world was<br />
believed to depend. Then followed the creation of man.’ (Yates p. 256.)<br />
The translator is identiWed in library catalogues as John Everard (1575?–<br />
1650?). The address to the reader is signed J. F. and states that the translator<br />
is no longer living.<br />
Searching ESTC, this appears to be the Wrst printing of the Hermetic<br />
Corpus in English. The only earlier appearance of any work attributed to<br />
Hermes Trismegistus is in the ‘Iatromathematica’ included in John Harvey’s<br />
Astrologicall addition (1583). An edition of Hermetic texts in Latin, Hermetis<br />
Trismegisti opusculum edited by Francesco Patrizi printed at Ferrara in 1591,<br />
as part of Patrizi’s Nova de universis philosophia, was reissued in London by<br />
R. Field in 1611 with a new titlepage and dedication.<br />
Frances A. Yates ‘The Hermetic tradition’ p. 256 in Charles S. Singleton, ed., Art,<br />
Science, and History in the Rennaisance (1967).
99<br />
HERMES Trismegistus<br />
[Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus, his Divine pymander, part<br />
2 only] Hermes Trismegistus his second book, called Asclepius<br />
containing Wfteen chapters, with a commentary.<br />
London: printed for Thomas Brewster, at the three Bibles in St. Pauls<br />
Church-yard, near the West End, 1657.<br />
12mo: A–E12 F6 , 66 leaves, pp. [2] 127 [3]. Publisher’s adverstisements<br />
on last three pages.<br />
122x 65mm. A few headlines shaved; corners rounded, last page<br />
soiled.<br />
Binding: Contemporary sheep, rebacked, new endleaves. Corners<br />
worn.<br />
Provenance: A 16 word annotation in a contemporary hand on p. 94.<br />
First edition in English. Wing H1567; ESTC R177956.<br />
This translation and commentary – perhaps by John Everard – on the Asclepius<br />
attributed to Hermes Trismegistus was issued with the second edition of the<br />
Pimander, not present here. In the advertisements at the end of the ‘Divine<br />
Pimander’ it is advertised as ‘in the same volume’ and this copy appears to<br />
have been formerly bound with another work. There seems therefore to be no<br />
justiWcation for treating this as anything other than a fragment, though as so<br />
often with such tracts it is given independent entries in Wing and ESTC.<br />
100<br />
HIGHMORE, Nathaniel (1613–1685)<br />
Corporis humani disquisitio anatomica; in qua sanguinis<br />
circulationem in quavis corporis particula plurimis typis novis, ac<br />
aenygmatum medicorum succinctâ dilucidatione ornatam prosequuts<br />
est... accessit index duplex, alter capitum, alter rerum & verborum<br />
locupletissimus.<br />
The Hague: ex oYcina Samuelis Broun bibliopolae Anglici, 1651.<br />
Folio: p 2 A–2M 4 (blank 2M4), 142 leaves, pp. [12] 262 [10] (last 2<br />
pages blank). Title and ‘Frontis physiognomica descriptio’ (intended<br />
to face the engraved title but here bound following the printed title)<br />
printed in red and black, woodcut and Xeuron headpieces, woodcut<br />
initials, and 19 engravings printed in the text.<br />
Engraved title and one inserted plate, Tab. XII.<br />
There are in all 20 illustrations, numbered Tab I–XVIII mostly full<br />
page, and 2 smaller engravings, not numbered. These are all printed<br />
on the text leaves apart from Tab. XII.<br />
274 x 172mm. Titleleaf washed and possibly from another copy;<br />
engravings printed on pp. 243 and 246 just shaved without any<br />
signiWcant loss; some light browning; a fresh clean copy.
Binding: Rebound in panelled calf by Bernard<br />
Middleton, edges retrimmed and sprinkled red and<br />
brown.<br />
First edition. Krivatsy 5602; Norman 1071; Waller<br />
4456; Wellcome III, 263; Garrison–Morton 382;<br />
Russell 416.<br />
The Wrst anatomical textbook to accept Harvey’s<br />
discovery of the circulation of the blood. The book is<br />
dedicated to Harvey.<br />
‘His most important scientiWc contribution is Corpus<br />
humani disquisitio anatomica (1651), containing the Wrst<br />
description of the antrum of Highmore (maxillary sinus,<br />
the largest of the paranasal sinuses) and of the corpus<br />
Highmori (mediastinal testis). Dedicated to William<br />
Harvey, it was the Wrst anatomical textbook to accept<br />
Harvey’s theory of the circulation of the blood; its<br />
frontispiece incorporates an allegorical drawing of this<br />
new theory. Although Highmore’s physiology reXects<br />
the still medieval thinking of his time, the book was<br />
accepted as a standard anatomical textbook for many<br />
years and brought the author immediate recognition<br />
in England and abroad. For instance, Johann Daniel<br />
Horst, chief court physcian of HesseDarmstadt, in<br />
asking William Harvey (1665) to undertake a study<br />
of the lymphatic and thoracic ducts, suggested as<br />
an alternative “the most illustrious Dr. Highmore”;<br />
and Boyle spoke of Highmore as “my learned friend,”<br />
quoted his experiments, and referred a knotty<br />
physiological problem to him.’ (J. Else Gordon, DSB,<br />
6:386–7.)<br />
Highmore came from a long line of distinguished<br />
clergymen, doctors, lawyers and one painter, Joseph<br />
Highmore. Nathaniel was educated at Sherborne School<br />
and Trinity College, Oxford.<br />
101<br />
HILL, Nicholas (1570–c. 1610)<br />
Philosophia Epicurea, Democritiana, Theophrastica: proposita<br />
simpliciter, non edocta.<br />
Paris: Apud Rolinum Thierry, via Iacobaea, sub insigne Cochlearis, 1601.<br />
8vo: a4 A–G8 H4 (blank a4), 64 leaves, pp. [8] 118 [2] (errata on last<br />
leaf). Arabesque on title, woodcut headpieces and initials.<br />
First edition. Another edition was printed at Cologne in 1619.<br />
[Bound with:]
ROuSSET, François (1535–1590 or later)<br />
Exercitatio medica assertionis novae veri usus anastomoseon<br />
cardiacarum foetus ex utero materno trans ipsas trahentis aërem<br />
internum in suos pulmones motus respiratorii (contra communem<br />
opinionem) tu[n]c non expertes, & illum cordi eum appetenti, suique<br />
etiam tunc micantis motus compoti praeparaturos.<br />
Paris: excudebat Dionysius Duvallius, sub pegaso, in vico Bellovaco,<br />
1603.<br />
8vo: 6<br />
* A–M4 N2 (blank * 6), 56 leaves, pp. [12] 100 (i.e. 98) [2],<br />
including the blank. Fleuron device on titlepage, woodcut headpieces<br />
and initials.<br />
Waller 8261.<br />
167 x 100mm. Light soiling to titlepage of Wrst work.<br />
Binding: Contemporary English calf, blind ruled borders to sides and<br />
spine compartments, later lettering piece. Surface of leather very worn,<br />
head and tailcaps chipped, joints cracked at head and foot.<br />
Provenance: Joseph Fenton (c. 1565/70–1634) with his signature, motto<br />
‘Sors mea mors’ and number ‘78’ in a rectangle on the titlepage; large<br />
letter L stamped in gilt in upper spine compartment; pencil inscription<br />
‘From the Bibliotheca Philippica’.<br />
First edition.<br />
A fascinating volume combining two exceptionally rare works, the Wrst the<br />
only work of an English natural philosopher who was a supporter of Giordano<br />
Bruno. It was published in Paris the year after Bruno was burnt at the stake.<br />
The second work is the last work of the French physician François Rousset.<br />
The volume was owned by a contemporary English surgeon, and probably<br />
bound for him. Fenton’s library has only recently come to light and is<br />
important for adding to the growing body of evidence that the the stereotype<br />
of the uneducated surgeon (unable to read Latin) needs to be treated with<br />
caution. The two works demonstrate the wide range of his interests, perhaps<br />
more so than the selection from his library made by Sir Hans Sloane (now in<br />
the British Library) would suggest.<br />
Hill, Philosophia Epicurea (1601). Hill was a graduate, and for a short<br />
time a fellow, of St John’s College, Oxford. He declared himself a disciple of<br />
Giordano Bruno whose wellremembered visit to the university had taken<br />
place in 1583, four years before Hill matriculated. Hill supported the main<br />
cosmological ideas of Bruno – heliocentrism, atomism, the eternity of matter,<br />
the inWnity of the universe and the plurality of worlds. After he left Oxford,<br />
probably on account of his conversion to Catholicism, Hill became a member<br />
of the circle of Henry Percy, ninth earl of Northumberland, the ‘wizard earl’.<br />
Northumberland was himself interested in Bruno and had many of Bruno’s<br />
works in his large library.<br />
Hill’s work was published in Paris where he had Xed, perhaps taking fright<br />
after learning that the Earl of Essex was plotting to seize Lundy Island and<br />
declare himself heir to the throne.<br />
‘Hill’s Philosophia epicurea, a sequence of 509 propositions in natural
philosophy, is topical in another respect too. In 1600 Giordano Bruno had<br />
been burnt at the stake in Rome, and it has been suggested, by Jean Jacquot,<br />
that Hill’s book was a tribute to his memory. But if so, Hill was careful to<br />
cover himself: he cites Bruno (as ‘Nolanus’) explicitly in a marginal note<br />
only; he states, in the title and in the dedicatory epistle, that he is oVering<br />
hypotheses only (‘proposita simpliciter, non edocta’); and he declares that if<br />
any of them is contrary to the Catholic faith, ‘igni illud et inferis mando’ (‘I<br />
commit it to the Xames and hell’). And if he published the book in Catholic<br />
Paris, the centre of Lullian studies, he sought safety for himself in protestant<br />
Rotterdam.’ (Hugh TrevorRoper in ODNB.)<br />
Rousset, Exercitatio medica assertionis novae (1603). A treatise on the<br />
dis puted septum of the heart. Rousset is famous for his Traitté nouveau de<br />
l’hysterotomotokie (Paris, 1581), the Wrst monograph on the Cesarian section<br />
(for Pagel’s copy of the 1590 edition, see my Catalogue 41, no. 109). This<br />
and his other works were based on practical experience. The present work<br />
however ‘ne correspond point aux autres. Son auteur, tout occupé de théorie,<br />
ne lui a pas même donné un air de vraisemblance’ (Bayle and Thillaye, I, p.<br />
372). Rousset’s dates are unknown, but because of the rarity of this book, his<br />
death is usually put earlier, Krivatsy suggesting 1590.<br />
Provenance. Fenton was a prominent member of the BarberSurgeons’<br />
Company and twice Master. He was one of the resident surgeons at Barts<br />
Hospital where his colleagues included John Woodall (author of The surgions<br />
mate, see below) and William Harvey. He had a licence from the College of<br />
Physicians to administer internal medicines. He published no books of his own,<br />
but he evidently had a substantial library which was left to his grandson, Joseph<br />
Colston, also a medical man. Colston died in 1675 and it was presumably<br />
some time after this that the library was dispersed. Sir Hans Sloane acquired<br />
most of his holdings of Fenton’s books in 1686, a few later. The Sloane Printed<br />
<strong>Books</strong> databases currently lists 305 items from Fenton’s library, the majority<br />
on surgery and medicine and almost all in Latin. Fenton’s active engagement<br />
with the books in his library is shown by two extensive commonplace books in<br />
the British Library in which he compiled texts from a range of printed books<br />
and added his comments (Sloane 1719 and Sloane 661).<br />
David Pearson, ‘Illustrations from the Wellcome Library: Joseph Fenton and his<br />
<strong>Books</strong>’, Medical History 47 (2003) 239–248; Alison Walker, ‘Sir Hans Sloane’s<br />
Printed <strong>Books</strong> in the British Library’ in Giles Mandelbrote and Barry Taylor, eds,<br />
Libraries within the Library. The Origins of the British Library’s Printed Collections<br />
(2009) pp. 89–97 on pp. 95–97; Sloane Printed <strong>Books</strong> database www.bl.uk/<br />
catalogues/sloane.<br />
102<br />
JENNER, Edward (1749–1823)<br />
A letter to Charles Henry Parry ... on the influence of artificial<br />
eruptions, in certain diseases incidental to the human body, with an<br />
inquiry respecting the probable advantages to be derived from further<br />
experiments.<br />
London: printed for Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1822.
4to, pp. 67.<br />
271 x 210mm.<br />
Binding: Recent quarter morocco.<br />
Provenance: Stamps of the Edinburgh Medical Society on title and<br />
p. 3. Typed letter from Gerda H. Schuyler of Argosy <strong>Books</strong>tores, 25<br />
March 1966 to Walter Pagel with a carbon copy of his reply on verso<br />
(see below).<br />
Second edition (Wrst, unauthorised, 1821). The text was reprinted in two<br />
American journals The American Medical Recorder (1822) and Monthly<br />
Journal of Medicine (1823) and translated into Dutch (1822) and French<br />
(1822, 1824). Lefanu Notable Medical <strong>Books</strong> in the Lilly Library 132.<br />
‘Jenner’s last book, addressed to the son of his old friend Caleb Hillier Parry,<br />
now a paralysed, dying man, summarized the observations of a lifetime on<br />
counterirritation by means of emetic tartar ointment, and discussed the<br />
physiological principles on which the application acts. He wrote that his<br />
references went back to 1794, the year after his recipe for emetic tartar had<br />
been published, though that paper had been written ten years earlier still.<br />
In his Letter to Parry Jenner also referred to the “interesting observations” of<br />
Thomas Bradley in the Memoirs of the Medical Society of London for 1773. His<br />
interest in the subject thus appears to go back to the very start of his medical<br />
career, while the evidence which he adduced is from the most recent years<br />
1819–21.’ (Lefanu, p. 96).<br />
The Wrst edition of 500 copies was printed by mistake before the proofs had<br />
been corrected. It was suppressed and apparently no copies survive apart from<br />
the proof copy at Edinburgh university Library described by Lefanu.<br />
Pagel’s interest in this work on tartar ointment presumably stemmed<br />
from his study of Paracelsus work on tartar and gout in Libri V de vita longa<br />
([1566], see my Catalogue 41 no. 79 and Pagel, Paracelsus, p. 161; see also<br />
above no. 4.)<br />
The letter from Argosy <strong>Books</strong>tores in New York with this copy oVered<br />
Pagel a copy of the American edition; he declined, saying that Argosy would<br />
no doubt be grateful to him for not buying the book as they would have many<br />
other customers for it. I can’t say that I have ever been grateful to a customer<br />
for not buying a book, but perhaps times have changed.<br />
103<br />
JuNGIuS, Joachim (1587–1657)<br />
Logica Hamburgensis, hoc est, Institutiones logicae in usum Schol.<br />
Hamburg. conscriptae, & sex libris comprehensae.<br />
Hamburg: sumptibus Georg. WolWi, literis PfeiVerianis, 1672.<br />
8vo: a8 (–a8) A–2O8 )( 2 , 305 leaves, pp. [14] 390 [6]. Errata on 2O8r–<br />
)(2r, verso blank. Title in red and black, woodcut initials.<br />
First complete edition, second issue with the Wrst gathering reset (Wrst<br />
edition, books I–III only 1635, second edition, books I–VI, Wrst issue,<br />
Jakob Rebenlein for Barthold Opfermann, 1638). An enlarged edition<br />
was published by WolV in 1681. Kangro J8.
[bound with:]<br />
VOSSIuS, Gerardus Joannes (1577–1649),<br />
Rhetorices Contractae<br />
Leipzig: Typis Johannes Erici Hahnii, 1665.<br />
8vo: ):( 8 2):( 4 , A–2F8 , 244 leaves, pp. [24] 448 [16] (last page blank).<br />
Later edition (Wrst 1621).<br />
159 x 92mm. Light paper discolouration, marginal waterstaining in the<br />
second work (sustained before binding), good fresh copies.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, yapp fore edges, red sprinkled<br />
edges.<br />
Provenance: Errata neatly corrected in the text in a contemporary<br />
hand and the errata scored through; pp. 100–104 of the Wrst work and<br />
pp. 123 – 134 in the second work densely annotated, and 3 pages of<br />
philosophical terms in double columns on the rear end leaves, all in<br />
the same hand.<br />
Jungius’ Logica Hamburgensis is an important work in the philosophy of<br />
science, published the year after Descartes’ Discours de la Méthode (1637) but<br />
based on ideas developed earlier. Jungius used mathematics as the basis for a<br />
theory of science. ‘He further elaborated a theory of mathematical operations<br />
(“zetetica”)... Jungius thought that his methodology was closely connected<br />
with the logical doctrine of proof that he presented in 1638 in the fourth<br />
book of his Logica Hamburgensis, in which he, for the Wrst time, also treated<br />
such mathematical principles as “problems,” “regulas,” and “theorems”;<br />
abandoned distinctions in favor of exact nominal deWnitions; recommended a<br />
“geometric style”... and deWned a systematic science. His method of scientiWc<br />
inference as here set forth was based upon “demonstrations” from principles<br />
(including deWnitions) and upon both complete and incomplete induction.’<br />
(Hans Kangro, DSB 7:194).<br />
Kangro notes that a paper by Jungius on his theory of science was sent to<br />
Robert Boyle by Samuel Hartlib in 1654 in (DSB).<br />
Jungius studied at Rostock and then Giessen, where he became professor<br />
of mathematics after taking his MA in 1608. ‘His inaugural dissertation there<br />
was the famous oration on the didactic signiWcance, advantage, and usefulness<br />
of mathematics for all disciplines, which he later repeated at Rostock and<br />
Hamburg and which revealed the idea that guided his lifework.’ (Kangro,<br />
DSB, p. 193.) Yet he turned to medicine in 1616, gained his MD at Padua<br />
in 1619, and practiced medicine at Lübeck, Brunswick, Wolfenbüttel and<br />
Helmstedt where he was also professor of medicine. He then returned to<br />
mathematics, as professor of mathematics at Rostock in 1624. In 1623 Jungius<br />
founded the Societas Ereunetica modelled on the Academia dei Lincei which<br />
he had encountered in Italy.<br />
The Wrst edition, printing only the Wrst 3 of 6 books, is known from only<br />
one copy reported by Kangro, with a contemporary ex libris inscription of<br />
P. Lambechii, Vienna (Kangro, 1968). The Wrst complete edition of 1638,<br />
still very rare, is usually taken as the Wrst (and was celebrated in a 350th<br />
anniversary conference in Hamburg in 1988). It has probably not been<br />
previously noticed that this 1672 publication is in fact a reissue of the 1638
edition, after an unusually long gap of 34 years. A reissue like this could be<br />
due to the publisher having printed too many copies and needing to shift stock<br />
at a later date. But given the rarity of the Wrst edition, it seems more likely<br />
that in this case it is due to supression of the Wrst issue, perhaps because of<br />
Jungius’ religious persecution; although in that case it is odd that the second<br />
issue was not published in 1657 when other works which he had been reluctant<br />
to publish began to appear. The revised edition of 1681 describes itself as<br />
‘editio secunda’.<br />
The other work in the volume, Vossius’ Rhetorices contractae, was enormously<br />
popular and was reprinted many times in the seventeenth century after the<br />
Wrst edition was printed at Leiden in 1621.<br />
Hans Kangro, Joachim Jungius’ Experimente und Gedanken zur Begründung der<br />
Chemie als Wissenschaft (1968).<br />
104<br />
JuNGIuS, Joachim (1587–1657)<br />
Opuscula botanicophysica ex recensione et distinctione Martini<br />
Fogelii... et Ioh. Vagetii... cum eorundem annotationibus accedit<br />
Iosephi de Aromatariis... ad Bartholomeum Nanti epistola de<br />
generatione plantarum ex seminibus. Omnia collecta, recognita et<br />
revisa novisque annotatiunculis illustrata cura Ioh. Sebast. Albrecht.<br />
Coburg: sumptibus ex typis Georgii Ottonis, typogr. Ducal. Priv., 1747.<br />
4to: a–c4 A–Z4 , 108 leaves, pp. [24] 183 [1]. Woodcut headpieces,<br />
woodcuts of three forms of tree growth on p. 169.<br />
198 x 155mm.<br />
Binding: Recent marbled boards.<br />
First edition of this collection, inluding Jungius, Doxoscopiae physicae min ores<br />
(Wrst edition 1662) and Isagogae phytoscopia, Wrst printed in Praecipuae<br />
Opiniones Physicae (1679); and Giuseppe degli Aromatari’s ‘Epistola de<br />
generatione plantarum ex seminibus’ Wrst printed in his Disputatio de rabie<br />
contagiosa (1525). Pritzel 4524; McLean Evans, Epochal achievements 82;<br />
Dibner, Heralds of Science 23; Norman Library 1193.<br />
This collection reprints Jungius’ seminal works in the history of botany.<br />
Jungius gave botany much of its present nomenclature and Wrst clearly<br />
divided the subject into morphology, physiology and ecology. Linnaeus based<br />
his system of nomenclature on Jungius’ work, via Ray’s Historia plantarum<br />
(1686–1704: see Sachs p. 60). Accused of heresy, most of his writings were<br />
only published after his death.<br />
‘Some few treatises were published by his pupils, among them one entitled<br />
Isagoge phytoscopica (Handbook of Botanical Study). This work, comprising<br />
a volume of fortysix quarto pages, must be regarded as one of the pioneer<br />
works in botany. It gives a concentrated account of the theory of botany,<br />
under the obvious inXuence of Cesalpino’s, but without the latter’s proWtless<br />
Aristotelian speculations... The whole exposition, with its concise, vigorous<br />
sentences and its analyses of diVerent parts of the plant drawn up in tabular<br />
form, is more reminiscent of Linnaeus’s work than that of any other of the
early botanists. Linnaeus, in fact, mentions Jung as his precursor as far<br />
as the drawing up of rules for the description of Xowers is concerned and<br />
actually took up the characteristic description of plantorgans at the point<br />
where Jung had Wnished and certainly brought it up to a far higher standard.’<br />
(Nordenskiöld pp. 194–95).<br />
The edition also includes Giuseppe degli Aromatari’s letter on the<br />
germination of plants from seeds.<br />
Jungius’ published works were based on transcripts of lectures, edited<br />
shortly after his death and annotated by his students Martin Fogel and<br />
Johann Vaget. Presumably the rarity of the earlier publications meant that<br />
McLean Evans could only obtain the Opuscula to represent Jungius’ ‘epochal<br />
achievement’, and Dibner as his ‘herald’.<br />
Julius von Sachs, trs.Henry E. F. Garnsey, History of Botany (1890) pp. 58–63;<br />
Erik Nordenskiöld, trs. Leonard Bucknall Eyre, The History of Biology (1928); A.<br />
G. Morton, History of Botanical Science (1981) pp. 167–75.<br />
105<br />
KEPLER, Johannes (1571–1630)<br />
Ad vitellionem paralipomena, quibus astronomiae pars optica<br />
traditur; potissimùm de artiWciosa observatione et aestimatione<br />
diametrorum diliquiorumq[ue]; solis & lunae cum examplis insignium<br />
eclipsium.<br />
Frankfurt: apud Claudium Marnium & Haeredes Ioannis Aubrii, 1604.<br />
4to: )( 4 (:) 4 A–3M4 3N2 , 242 leaves, pp. [16] 449 [19] (last page blank).<br />
Woodcut illustrations in the text. without the engraved plate, its<br />
accompanying letterpress leaf and 2 printed tables.<br />
209 x 167. Most gatherings very severely browned, though a few<br />
unaVected.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum over thin boards. Spine cracked.<br />
Provenance: Ownership inscription ‘Dr Paolo Anto.: Parense [?] in<br />
Collo Clemo.: 7 Giugno 1709[?]’, on title.<br />
First edition. Caspar 18; Becker 216; Albert, Norton and Huertes 12261;<br />
Vagnetti Aa5; British Optical Association catalogue, I, p. 112.<br />
Kepler’s Wrst book on optics in which he clearly deWned the concept of the<br />
light ray, the foundation of modern geometrical optics. He applied the idea<br />
to the optics of the eye, showing for the Wrst time that the image is formed on<br />
the retina, introducing the expression ‘pencil of light’, with the connotation<br />
that the light rays draw the image on the retina. At Wrst only intended to be<br />
an appendix to Witelo (‘Ad Vitellionem paralipomena’), Kepler made the<br />
work into a major part of his astronomical programme, hence the subtitle<br />
‘Astronomiae pars optica’, the title by which Kepler usually referred to it.<br />
The six astronomical chapters discuss parallax, astronomical refraction and<br />
eclipse instruments, as well as the apparent size of the sun. Soon after this,<br />
Kepler applied his theories to the principles of the telescope in his Dioptrice<br />
of 1611. (See Owen Gingerich in DSB, 7:298–9.)<br />
This copy lacks all the inserted leaves, an engraved plate of the parts of
the eye with an accompanying leaf of letterpress and two folding letterpress<br />
tables. It does not appear that they were ever present. The paper on which<br />
the book is printed is subject to browning, though some copies have fared<br />
worse than others. This copy is particularly heavily browned, some pages a<br />
uniform dark coVee colour, though some gatherings are very clean, presumbly<br />
printed on a diVerent batch of paper.<br />
106<br />
KEPLER, Johannes (1571–1630)<br />
De stella nova in pede serpentarii et qui sub ejus exortum de novo<br />
iniit; trigono igneo... Accesserunt I. De stella incognita cygni: narratio<br />
astronomica. II. De Jesu Christi servatoris vero anno natalito.<br />
Prague: Pragae ex oYcina calcographica Pauli Sessi. Anno M. DC.VI,<br />
1606.<br />
4to: )?( 6 A–2C4 , 2D2 ; 2A–E4 (blank E4), 132 leaves, pp. [12], 212;<br />
35 [5] including the terminal blank. Woodcut device on title, 11 text<br />
woodcuts.<br />
1 folding engraved plate.<br />
210 x 158mm. The majority of gatherings lightly browned.<br />
Binding: Eighteenthcentury vellum boards, red page edges. Spine<br />
soiled.<br />
Provenance: Partially erased inscription on free endleaf; Signet Library,<br />
Edinburgh with gilt arms on sides.<br />
First edition. Caspar 27; Zinner 4097; Lalande p. 145.<br />
The new star was a supernova, visible to the naked eye,<br />
discovered on 9 Oct ober 1609. Because of Kepler’s<br />
account of it in this book it has been called Kepler’s<br />
Nova. Kepler Wrst saw it on 17 October and began a<br />
systematic study, inspired by Tycho Brahe’s work on<br />
the 1672 supernova. The engraved star chart showing<br />
the position of the new object is based on Bayer’s atlas<br />
of 1604. Kepler’s Nova is the last supernova to have<br />
been observed in our own galaxy.<br />
Kepler Wrst described the supernova in an 8page<br />
pamphlet. The present work is a more extensive<br />
collection of observations together, as the subtitle<br />
announces, with ‘astronomical, physical, metaphysical,<br />
meteorological and astrological discussions, glorious<br />
and unusual’. Owen Gingerich considers it ‘a monument<br />
of its time but the least signiWcant of Kepler’s<br />
major works. It broke no new astronomical ground,<br />
although twentiethcentury astronomers have preferred<br />
its faithful descriptions over numerous other accounts<br />
when searching the literature to help distinguish<br />
supernovae from ordinary novae.’ (DSB 7:298a.)
107<br />
KEPLER, Johannes (1571–1630)<br />
Dissertatio cum nuncio sidereo nuper ad mortales misso.<br />
Florence: Florentiae, Apud Io. Antonium Can[a]eum. Superiorum<br />
permissu, 1610.<br />
4to: A–E4 , V. [4], 13, [3], woodcut initials, typographic headpieces and<br />
other decorations.<br />
202 x 145mm. Extracted from a tract volume with the original foliation<br />
scratched out and replaced by a manuscript foliation starting at f. 54,<br />
now in turn partially erased; light paper discolouration but a fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Recent boards.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary or early marginalia posing a series of<br />
questions.<br />
Second edition (Wrst Prague 1610). Caspar 35.<br />
Kepler received Galileo’s Sidereus nuncius, (Starry Messenger) describing<br />
his telescopic discoveries, on 8 April 1610. Via the Tuscan ambassador in<br />
Prague, Galileo requested a response to his book and Kepler quickly provided<br />
a long letter of approval, published in the present work, the ‘Conversation<br />
with the Starry Messenger’, Wrst published at Prague. ‘[I]n accepting the<br />
new observations with enthusiasm, [Kepler] also reminded his readers of<br />
the earlier history of the telescope, his own work on optics, his ideas on the<br />
regular solids and on possible inhabitants of the moon, and his arguments<br />
against an inWnite universe.’ (Owen Gingerich, DSB 7: 299a.)<br />
The Sidereus nuncius was published at Venice in 1610, the Dissertatio cum<br />
nuncio sidereo at Prague in the same year, quickly reprinted at Florence.<br />
Perhaps it is no coincidence that Galileo had himself returned to Florence in<br />
this year to take up the post of mathematician and philosopher to the grand<br />
duke of Tuscany, having resigned his chair at Padua.<br />
108<br />
KEPLER, Johannes (1571–1630)<br />
Prodromus dissertationum cosmographicarum, continens<br />
Mysterium Cosmographicum de admirabili proportione orbium<br />
coelestium: deque causis coelorum numeri, magnitudinis, motuumque<br />
periodicorum genuinis & propriis, demonstratum per quinque regularia<br />
corpora goemetrica... Addita est erudita Narratio M. Georgii Ioachimi<br />
Rhetici, de Libris Revolutionum... Item, eiusdem Ioannis Kepleri pro<br />
suo opere Harmonices Mundi apologia adversus demonstrationem<br />
analyticam Cl. V. D. Roberti de Fluctibus.<br />
Frankfurt: recusus typis Erasmi Kempferi, sumptibus Godefridi Tampachii,<br />
1621.<br />
Folio: ):( 4 A–V 4 ; a–e 4 f 6 (–f6, blank), 109 of 110 leaves, pp. [8] 163<br />
[1] (last page blank); 50. Woodcut initials, woodcut diagrams in the
text; separate titlepages to the Rheticus dated 1621 (but the register<br />
and pagination continuous) and to the ‘Apologia’, dated 1622 with<br />
large woodcut printer’s device (on a1, starting the second register and<br />
pagination sequence).<br />
5 folding engraved plates. 1 engraving signed Chirstophorus Leibfried.<br />
V. Tübing: 1597’ (at p. 26) and 4 woodcuts with letterpress headings<br />
and captions (2 at p. 18 and at pp. 54 and 56).<br />
318 x 197mm. Worm holes and tracks in the upper and lower margins,<br />
not aVecting the text but touching a few lines and letters in the last<br />
two plates; quite heavy waterstaining throughout.<br />
Binding: Contemporary British blindruled calf, old rebacking with<br />
most of the original spine preserved. Endleaves at front and back<br />
removed.<br />
Provenance: Nineteenthcentury Inscription ‘Dupplin Castle R. 175.10’<br />
and shelf mark ‘H. C.31’ scored out and replaced with ‘H. 7.3.’<br />
Dupplin Castle is a mansion house in Strathearn, Perth and Kinross,<br />
built in 1828–32 to replace an earlier castle destroyed by Wre, the seat<br />
of the Hay Earls of Kinnoull. The mansion later became the home<br />
of the Perth whisky baron John Dewar, Lord Forteviot (1856–1929).<br />
Inscribed ‘Bernard Pagel MCMLVII’ in Walter Pagel’s hand.<br />
Second, enlarged edition of ‘Mysterium Cosmographicum’<br />
(Wrst 1596), containing, as in the Wrst edition, a reprint of<br />
Rheticus Narratio prima (Wrst 1540), and issued with the<br />
Wrst edition of Kepler’s Pro suo Opere Harmonices Mundia<br />
apologia. Caspar 67 and 68.<br />
Kepler’s Wrst book, usually referred to as ‘Mysterium Cosmographicum’<br />
is a Copernican treatise which set the course for<br />
his life’s work. It contains his theory that the orbit of each of<br />
the Wve planets is determined by the circumference of the Wve<br />
platonic solids nested one inside the other. This is illustrated in<br />
the famous engraved plate.<br />
As well as Kepler’s own introductory chapter expounding<br />
and defending the Copernican theory, the book contains a<br />
reprint of Rheticus’ Naratio prima, the Wrst announcement<br />
of the Copernican theory, Wrst published in 1540, before De<br />
revolutionibus in 1543. This second edition contains Kepler’s<br />
additional notes reXecting the development of his thinking in<br />
the intervening 25 years. Also appended is the Wrst edition of<br />
Kepler’s response to attacks by Robert Fludd on his Harmonices<br />
mundi of 1619.<br />
The illustration of the nested solids is a Wne engraving, copied<br />
in reverse from the engraving that appeared in the Wrst edition<br />
of 1596, and still bearing the date 1597 (it is not clear why the<br />
engraving was dated a year after the date on the titlepage of<br />
the book).<br />
‘Quixotic or chimerical as Kepler’s polyhedrons may appear<br />
today, we must remember the revolutionary context in which<br />
they were proposed. The Mysterium cosmographicum was
essentially the Wrst unabashedly Copernican treatise since De revolutionibus<br />
itself; without a suncentered universe the entire rationale of his book would<br />
have collapsed... After announcing his celebrated nest of spheres and regular<br />
solids, which to him explained the spacing of the planets, he turned to the<br />
search for the basic cause of the regularities in the periods... Although<br />
the principal idea of the Mysterium cosmographicum was erroneous, Kepler<br />
established himself as the Wrst, and until Descartes the only, scientist to<br />
demand physical explanations for celestial phenomena. Seldom in history has<br />
so wrong a book been so seminal in directing the future course of science.’<br />
(Owen Gingerich, DSB, 7: 291–3.)<br />
109<br />
KHuNRATH, Heinrich (1560–1605)<br />
Amphitheatrum sapientiae aeternae solius verae Christianokabalisticum<br />
divinomagicum, nec non physicochymicum tertriunum,<br />
catholicon.<br />
Hanau: [colophon:] Hanoviae excudebat Guilielmus Antonius, 1609.<br />
Folio: a–g4 h2 A–2E4 , 142 leaves, pp. 60 222 [2].<br />
Engraved title, portrait, 9 double page engraved plates and 2 double<br />
page letterpress tables. The plates comprise 5 fully engraved plates<br />
and 4 with central circular images. without the ‘owl plate’ (a<br />
small image of Khunrath’s device of a bespectacled owl with his motto<br />
below).<br />
304 x 195mm. Moderate browning throughout, washed and pressed<br />
and the paper of the engraved title and portrait somewhat brittle<br />
and slightly chipped in the margins, short tears in the folds of the<br />
doublepage plates which are mounted on stubs.<br />
Binding: Nineteenthcentury Russia, gilt ruled sides, gilt spine,<br />
marbled endleaves. upper joint cracked and weak, spine ends<br />
chipped, spine and corners worn.<br />
Provenance: Early inscription on title washed out and largely illegible;<br />
inscription on endleaf ‘Ex libris M. Joh. Georgii von Zubern,<br />
Argentinensis, 1772’; engraved bookplate of Henry B. H. Beaufoy,<br />
FRS (either H. Beaufoy, FRS 1782 or Henry Beaufoy, FRS 1815);<br />
Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on endleaf.<br />
Second, much enlarged edition (Wrst, Hamburg?, 1595). Also issued<br />
with Magdeburg, 1608 and Frankfurt 1653 letterpress titlepages; a<br />
French translation was published in 1898. Wellcome 3560; Krivatsy<br />
6371; Duveen, Supplement 195; Ferguson I, p. 463; Manly Hall<br />
Collection 90; Caillet 5748.<br />
‘This is one of the most important books in the whole literature of theosophical<br />
alchemy and the occult sciences’ (Duveen, Bibliotheca Chemica, p. 319).<br />
‘The tension between spirituality and experiment, and the rich symbolism<br />
of Khunrath’s writings and their engravings brought condemnation of the<br />
book by the Sorbonne in 1625, and now attracts attention from scholars’.<br />
(university of Wisconsin–Madison website, url below.)
In Thorndike’s opinion, the Amphitheatrum should<br />
be classed as a work of unqualiWed magic, rather than<br />
natural magic, and he says grumpily that it is ‘written in<br />
a ranting tone of turgid rhetoric with much theosophic<br />
pretense and religious patter’. However, he concedes that<br />
Khunrath ‘lauds physico-Chemia... a rather noteworthy sign<br />
that physics and chemistry were coming into their own in<br />
the thought of the time – even in the muddiest and most<br />
stagnant and most occult thought’. (Thorndike VII, pp.<br />
273–4.)<br />
The Wrst edition is only ‘a brief preliminary sketch<br />
or draught’ (Thorndike p. 274) and is known in only<br />
three copies. It is an oblong folio of 24 pages with four<br />
circular plates with extensive engraved texts surrounding<br />
the images. These four plates are reused in this second<br />
edition, but cut down, removing the text round the images.<br />
For images of Duveen’s coloured copy of the Wrst edition<br />
at the universtiy of Wisconsin–Madison, see the web pages<br />
cited below.<br />
The rest of the plates in this edition are new. In addition<br />
to the large allegorical plates, some copies have a Wnal plate<br />
with a small engraving of a bespectacled owl with torches<br />
and candles above Khunrath’s motto, ‘Was helVn Fakeln,<br />
Licht oder Briln, so die Leut nicht sehen wollen?’ (What<br />
good are torches, light, or spectacles, to those who will not see?). This is not<br />
always present and is lacking, for example, in the Prince Lichtenstein copy<br />
in the Duveen collection.<br />
The plates were evidently completed and dated in 1602 and the same date<br />
appears at the end of the text. Khunrath died in 1605 and from the colophon<br />
we know that printing was completed in 1609. Rather confusingly another<br />
issue has a printed title with an earlier imprint ‘Magdeburgi, apud Levinum<br />
Braunss Bibliopolam, 1608’, perhaps in reality a simultaneous issue. (The<br />
present issue, without a printed titlepage but dated 1609 from the colophon,<br />
and the Magdeburg 1608 issue are often treated as diVerent editions, for<br />
example on the otherwise excellent university of Wisconsin–Madison web<br />
pages). The book was issued again with a new titlepage at Frankfurt in 1653.<br />
Though this publishing history seems straightforward enough (once one<br />
eliminates the plethora of spurious editions cited and dismissed by Ferguson),<br />
umberto Eco has written on the ‘enigma’ of the 1609 Amphitheatrum, but I<br />
have not seen his essay.<br />
Denis Duveen, ‘Notes on Some Alchemical <strong>Books</strong> (Reusner, Khunrath,<br />
Kertzenmacher)’, The Library, 5th Series, I (1947) 56–61; Georgen Gilliam,<br />
‘Khunrath’s Amphitheatrum sapientiae aeternae, universtiy of Wisconsin–Madison,<br />
http://specialcollections.library.wisc.edu/khunrath/index.html; umberto Ecco,<br />
L’énigme de la Hanau 1609: enquête bio-bibliographique sur “l’Amphithéâtre de<br />
l’éternelle sapience” de Heinrich Khunrath, suivie des 12 planches de l’Amphitheatrum<br />
[translated from Italian by A. Périfano], Paris, 1990.
110<br />
KIRCHWEGER, Anton Joseph (d. 1746)<br />
Aurea catena Homeri. Oder: Eine Beschreibung von dem ursprung<br />
der natur und natürlichen dingen.<br />
Frankfurt: Verlegts johann Georg Böhme, 1723.<br />
8vo: p2 )( 4 A–N8 O6 (O4+1) P–2E8 (blanks 2E7,8) 229 leaves, pp. [12]<br />
212 [5] 217–221 225–404 [44] (including the blanks). A printed table<br />
on O4r is wider than the standard page and the leaf is folded in. Halftitle<br />
with alchemical symbols facing titlepage, both in red and black.<br />
1 folding symbolic engraving (bound facing halftitle).<br />
168 x 100mm.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Soiled and edges worn.<br />
Provenance: Library stamp on title of the Gymnasium Bibliotheque,<br />
Hildburghausen.<br />
First edition of parts 1 and 2, further<br />
editions of which were published in 1728,<br />
1738 and 1781; a third part, possibly<br />
spurious, was published in 1726 with<br />
later editions in 1727 and 1770; another<br />
version of the third part, more likely to be<br />
authentic, was included in the 1757 edition<br />
(see the long bibliographical note in the<br />
Wellcome Catalogue). Wellcome III, p.<br />
396; Duveen 323.<br />
The Wrst part deals with the generation of matter<br />
(animal, vegetable and mineral); the second<br />
part covers decomposition. A third part, not<br />
present here, dealing with the transmutation<br />
of metals was published separately.<br />
Ferguson was not certain of Kerchweger’s<br />
authorship, but the Wellcome catalogue<br />
points out that he claims it as his own in<br />
his Microscopium B. Valentini (1790). The cataloguer therefore accepted<br />
Kirchweger as the author of the present publication, but only of the second<br />
published version (1757) of the third part.<br />
111<br />
KIRWAN, Richard (1733–1812)<br />
An essay on phlogiston, and the constitution of acids.<br />
London: printed by J. Davis, for P. Elmsley, in the Strand, 1787.<br />
8vo: [A] 2 B–K 8 L 2 c1, 77 leaves, pp. [4] 146 [2]. Errata on L2, verso<br />
blank; c1, ‘<strong>Books</strong> lately published by the same Author’, verso blank.<br />
230 x 140mm untrimmed. Some minor soiling and staining.<br />
Binding: Original blue boards with cloth spine. Worn.
Provenance: Contemporary signature of Edmund Troutbeck on<br />
pastedown and again on the title.<br />
First edition. There is no colon after ‘London’ in the imprint, as in<br />
Cole’s copy 2. Italian and French editions appeared in the following<br />
year: Kirwan replied to the latter in his second edition, 1789. ESTC<br />
T33332; Duveen p. 324; Cole 719; Neville I, p. 729; Blake p. 243;<br />
Wellcome III, p. 398.<br />
A famous book in the history of chemistry because it provoked the Wnal, and<br />
decisive, battle in the chemical revolution. Kirwan’s Essay, regarded as the best<br />
account of the phlogiston theory, was written to counter the new theories of<br />
Lavoisier and others in Paris. But Lavoisier and the French chemists realised<br />
that this provided them with a good opportunity to demonstrate the strength<br />
of their new theory, and they replied with a translation into French by Mme<br />
Lavoisier in which each section is followed by a lengthy refutation to which<br />
Lavoisier and the other French chemists contributed. Kirwan replied to these<br />
criticisms in the second edition of the Essay (1789), but the war was lost and<br />
Kirwan abandoned phlogiston in 1791.<br />
Though somewhat worn, this copy is in its original publisher’s boards,<br />
unusual for this date in having a cloth spine.<br />
112<br />
KNOOR VON ROSENROTH, Christian, Freiherr (1636–1689)<br />
Kabbala denudata seu doctrina Hebraeorum transcendentalis et<br />
metaphysica atque thologica... Pars prima continet Locos Communes<br />
Cabbalisticos... Pars secunda vero constat è Tractatibus variis, tam<br />
didacticis, quam polemicis<br />
–– Tomus Secundus: id est Liber Sohar restitutus... cui adjecta<br />
Adumbratio Cabbalae Christianae ad captum Judaeorum.<br />
Sulzbach and Frankfurt: [Tomus primus:] Sulzbaci, typis Abrahami<br />
Lichtenthaleri; [Tomus secundus:] Francofurti, sumptibus Joannis Davidis<br />
Zunnery. Typis Balthasar. Christoph. Wustii Sen. 1684; [Adumbratio:]<br />
Francofurti ad Moenum, sumtu Johannis Davidis Zunneri, cassitero Joh.<br />
Phil. Andreae, Anno M DC LXXXIV, 1677–1684.<br />
2 volumes 4to: Vol. I. a–d 4 e 2 A–4Z 4 ; 2 A–2O 4 ; )( 4 3 A–2A 4 ; 4 A–H 4 ; 674<br />
leaves, pp. [36] 740 (i.e. 736, 33–36 omitted); 312; [8] 192; [193]–255<br />
[1] (last two parts bound in reverse order). Engraved title on a4<br />
(bound before the printed titlepage); titlepage to parts 3 and 4 dated<br />
1678 on )(1. Vol. II. p 2 A–4L 4 (blank 4L4); a–3o 4 ; (a)–(h) 4 (i) 2 , 596<br />
leaves, pp. [4] 38 [2] 598 [2] (blanks); 478 (i.e. 480, 67–68 repeated);<br />
70 (i.e 68, 57–58 omitted). Engraved chart on p2v; titlepage in red and<br />
black; sectional titlepage with imprint dated 1684 on (a)1; some text in<br />
Hebrew and Latin in parallel columns<br />
17 engraved plates: numbered 1–16 in vol. I, pt. 4, all but no. 13<br />
folding, interleaved with the text (directions to the binder on 4 H4v);<br />
and an unnumbered folding plate in vol. II intended to be placed at p.<br />
242 in part 2 but here bound at p. 478 or the second series.
196 x 152 and 208 x 172mm. Engraved title shaved at the foot and<br />
frayed and slightly defective in the outer margin. Sig. 2G in Vol. I<br />
part 1 slightly short and possibly inserted from another copy; some<br />
gatherings of Vol. II parts 2 and 3 browned.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, yapp foreedges. Joints of<br />
Volume I sometime repaired; a little worn and soiled.<br />
Provenance: Pencil annotations in the margins of vol. I; early owner’s<br />
stamp of A. Fürst on free endleaves; embossed gold bookplate<br />
‘Baphomet. Grand Master’ to which the following later inscription<br />
may apply: ‘This book has been the property of [Greek, ‘omni’ ?], the<br />
Rosicrucian Adept of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He has<br />
been identiWed with the celebrated pret. (Aleister) Crowley; but this<br />
is denied by some’ (for Crowley, author and occultist 1875–1947 see<br />
ODNB; he was Grand Master of the British section of the Order of<br />
Oriental Templars); inscription ‘W. G. J. Barter collated perfect 25/7<br />
[18]67’; Walter Pagel’s signature and inscription ‘d.d.d. Bernardo E. J.<br />
Pagel’ dated 1960 on pastedown.<br />
First edition. Another issue of vol. I has ‘Prostat Francofurti apud<br />
Zunnerum’ added to the imprint. Caillet 5815; M. Steinschneider,<br />
Catalogus librorum Hebraeorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana, 6085.<br />
This massive compilation is the major collection of cabbalistic treatises of<br />
the period, and for Caillet in 1913 the most complete, exact and serious work<br />
on the Cabbala to date. Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont collaborated<br />
with Knorr and the work includes a contribution from Henry More and van<br />
Helmont’s reply to it. Perhaps through his friendship with van Helmont,<br />
Leibniz stayed with Knorr in 1688 and was very interested in cabbalism (see<br />
Brown, op. cit. no. 90 above, pp. 102 and 112).<br />
Volume I is in four parts, the Wrst two with separate sequences of pagination,<br />
parts 3 and 4 in a single sequence and with a separate dated titlepage: Apparatus<br />
in librum Sohar pars tertia & quarta, quarum prior est liber [Hebrew characters]<br />
seu Porta coelorum... autore R. Abrahm Cohen Irira, Lusitano: è lingua Hispanica<br />
primò in Hebraicam translatus, nunc in Latinam contractus... Solisbaci, typis<br />
Abrahami Lichtenthaleri, 1678.<br />
The titlepage to volume II is Kabbalae denudatae tomus secundus: id est liber<br />
Sohar restitutus (1684) and there are three parts followed by a separate tract.<br />
The three parts have sectional titles as follows: Pars prima ejusque Tractatus<br />
primus: quae est Synopsis Celeberrimi illius Codicis Cabbalistici, qui vulgo dicitur<br />
Liber Sohar, per novendecim titulos generales distrbuta, autore R. Jisaschar F.<br />
Naphthali Sacerdote; Partis Secundae tractatus quartus qui est in Siphra de zeniutha<br />
seu librum mysterii commentarius è manuscripto à R. Chajim Vital juxta tradita R.<br />
Jezchak Lorja Germani edito latinate donatus... Nec non Commentarius alius...<br />
scriptis R. Naphthali Hirtz F. Jacob Elchanam collectus & translatus; Partis tertiae<br />
tractatus secundus pneumaticus, De Revolutionibus Animarum... ex Operibus R.<br />
Jitzchak Lorjensis Germani Cabbalistarum Aquilae, latinate donatus. The Wnal<br />
tract is Adumbratio Kabbalae Christianae, id est Syncatabasis Hebraizans, sive<br />
Brevis applicatio doctrinae Hebraeorum Cabbalisticae ad dogmata novi foederis;<br />
pro formanda hypothesi, ad conversionem Judaeorum proWcua.
113<br />
KRONLAND, Johann Marcus Marci von (1595–1667)<br />
Thaumantias: liber de arcu coelesti deque colorum<br />
apparentium natura, ortu, et causis. In quo pellucidi optica fontes.<br />
Prague: [colophon:] typis Academicis, 1648.<br />
4to: A–2M4 (–2M4, presumed blank), 139 leaves, pp. [8] 268 [2].<br />
Engraved title on A1r, engraved portrait on A4v and 44 engraved text<br />
illustrations, the Wrst of chemical apparatus (p. 49), the rest diagramatic.<br />
183 x 140mm. Titlepage browned and stained; some minor stains and<br />
foxing to the text.<br />
Binding: Early nineteenthcentury half calf over blue boards.<br />
Rebacked, corners worn.<br />
Provenance: John Stuart, Wrst Marquess of Bute (1744–1814), without<br />
the usual bookplate but with a note in Walter Pagel’s hand ‘from the<br />
Marquess of Bute Sale, Sotheby’s 1961 (July) No. 340’.<br />
First (only) edition.<br />
An important forerunner of Newton, Kronland discovered the decomposition<br />
of white light by refraction using a prism.<br />
‘In his optical experiments, designed to explain the phenomenon of the<br />
rainbow, Marci placed himself in the line of such Bohemian and Moravian<br />
investigators as Kepler, Christophe Scheiner, Balthasar Konrád, and Melchior<br />
Hanel. In his experiments on the decomposition of white light, for which<br />
he employed prisms, Marci described the spectral colors and recorded that<br />
each color corresponded to a speciWc refraction angle. He also stated that<br />
the color of a ray is constant when it is again refracted through another<br />
prism (Thaumantias... pp. 99–100). He did not mention the reconstitution<br />
of the spectrum into white light (a result that is Wrst to be found in the work<br />
of Newton), although he did study the “mixture” of colored rays.’ (Luboš<br />
Novy, DSB 9:97a.)<br />
114<br />
KRONLAND, Johann Marcus Marci von (1595–1667)<br />
Pan en panton [Greek], seu, Philosophia vetus restituta.<br />
Prague: Typis Academicis, 1662.<br />
4to: * – 4<br />
** , 2<br />
*** , A–4D4 , 306 leaves, pp. [28] 580 [4].<br />
3 plates: engraved titlepage, portrait and 1 plate of diagrams.<br />
191 x 151mm. Some gatherings browned but a Wne fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, green page edges.<br />
Provenance: Inscription on title ‘Ex libris Adami Rudolph Francisci<br />
Franck 1670’. Walter Pagel’s note on the pastedown, ‘P. 352 Harvey’s<br />
visit to Marci at Prague in 1636’.<br />
First edition. A second edition was published at Frankfurt in 1676.<br />
Krivatsy 7425; OCLC 46084529.
This is the last work published in his lifetime by Marci of<br />
Kronland, the most important Bohemian natural philosopher of<br />
the scientiWc revolution, variously dubbed ‘the Bohemian Plato’,<br />
‘the Bohemian Galileo’, and the ‘Hippocrates of Prague’. It sums<br />
up his life’s work, in embryology, the philosophy of medi cine,<br />
optics and mechanics. Marci ‘then at the height of his career<br />
and – at 67 – having achieved European renown... reviewed in a<br />
cross section through all parts of Natural Philosophy the current<br />
opinions of his time against the background of ancient wisdom’<br />
(Pagel 1967, p. 318). As well as the extensive sections on physics<br />
and cosmology, Pagel has shown that the book is important for<br />
Marci’s report of his meeting with Harvey (which Pagel was the<br />
Wrst to notice) and his critique of Harvey’s theory of generation,<br />
and discussion of his own theory, in several important points of<br />
which Marci was Harvey’s unacknowledged precursor.<br />
Harvey and Marci met when Harvey stayed in Prague in<br />
1636, as physician to Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, in<br />
the diplomatic mission sent by Charles I to negotiate with<br />
the Emperor Ferdinand III. Marci was familiar with Harvey’s<br />
discovery of the circulation for which he expresses great<br />
admiration. Pagel writes that ‘Marci deserves a place in the Wrst<br />
rank of the advocates of Epigenesis between Aristotle and Harvey<br />
(Pagel 1967, p. 317). Marci’s most important, and well justiWed<br />
criticism of Harvey, where the present work presents an advance<br />
on Harvey’s thinking, was his rejection of Harvey’s state ment that<br />
there was no actual union of semen and ovum, Harvey believing<br />
in an ill deWned vital principle.<br />
Pagel’s close study of Marci’s career and works, in particular in his relations<br />
with Harvey, are hard to reconcile with Lubos Nový’s statement in DSB that<br />
Marci was intellectually isolated from his contemporaries. On the contrary,<br />
he was well informed, and at the end of his life both the Jesuits and the Royal<br />
Society tried to recruit him as one of Europe’s leading natural philosophers<br />
(Smolka p. 226; Pagel 1967 pp. 289–90: Nový, in 1970, was evidently unaware<br />
of Pagel’s work).<br />
Walter Pagel and P. Rattansi, ‘Harvey meets the “Hippocrates of Prague” (Johannes<br />
Marcus Marci of Kronland)’, Medical History 8 (1964) 78–84; Walter Pagel,<br />
William Harvey’s Biological Ideas (New York, 1967), pp. 286–323; Josef Smolka,<br />
‘The ScientiWc Revolution in Bohemia’, in Roy Porter, ed. The ScientiWc Revolution<br />
in National Context (Cambridge, 1992), pp. 210–239.<br />
115<br />
LAMARCK, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de (1744–1829)<br />
Recherches sur l’organisation des corps vivants: et<br />
particulièrement sur son origine... précédé du discours d’ouverture<br />
du cours de zoologie donné dans le Muséum National d’Histoire<br />
Naturelle, l’an X de la République.<br />
Paris: chez l’auteur... [et] Maillard [no date in imprint], 1802.
8vo, pp. viii 216.<br />
Folding letterpress table at p. 37, ‘Tableau du règne animal’.<br />
190 x 120mm.<br />
Binding: Contemporary half sheep, Xat gilt spine, resewn and recased,<br />
new paper sides, new endleaves.<br />
First edition. Wood, p. 425.<br />
Lamarck’s second work on evolution. Lamarck’s evolutionary theory was<br />
based on the inheritance of acquired characteristcs. Here he develops ideas<br />
Wrst put forward in his Système des animaux sans vertèbres and for the Wrst<br />
time proposes that spontaneous generation produces simple organism and<br />
that unlimited time and varied circumstances produce all other organisms.<br />
He deals brieXy with, and cautiously suggests that man was the result of the<br />
same processes that had produced all other organisms. Lamarck’s third work<br />
on evolution, Philiosophie zoologique (1809, below), is an expanded version of<br />
the present work, the most important additions being the third part in which<br />
he deals with the emergence of higher mental faculties (Leslie J. Burlingame,<br />
DSB 7:589–592).<br />
Largely ignored after his death, Lamarck’s work came to prominence<br />
again through disputes between Larmarckians and Darwinians – as Leslie<br />
Burlingame puts it, ‘it was really Darwin’s theory of evolution which ensured<br />
Lamarck’s fame’ (op. cit. p. 593a).<br />
116<br />
LAMARCK, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de (1744–1829)<br />
Philosophie zoologique, ou exposition des considérations relatives à<br />
l’histoire naturelle des animaux.<br />
Paris, chez Dentu ... [et] l’autur, 1809.<br />
2 volumes 8vo, pp. [2] xxv [1, blank] 428; [2] 175 [1, blank]. Lacking<br />
the halftitles.<br />
202 x 130mm. Some light foxing.<br />
Binding: Recent half calf with old spines laid down.<br />
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature on pastedown.<br />
First edition. Garrison–Morton 216; Sparrow, Milestones of Science 121;<br />
Norman Library 1267.<br />
‘This work is the bestknown and most extensive presentation of Lamarck’s<br />
theory of evolution. An expanded version of the 1802 Recherches, it is divided<br />
into three sections. The Wrst is a more elaborate analysis of the evidence<br />
for increasing levels of “complication” observed in the major classiWcatory<br />
groupings of animals and plants... In the second part... Lamarck developed<br />
his views on the physical nature of life, its spontaneous production resulting<br />
in simple cellular tissue, and its characteristics at the simplest level... The<br />
third part contains the most important additions to the earlier theories. In<br />
this section Lamarck deals in great detail with the problem of a physical<br />
explanation for the emergence of the higher mental faculties.’ (Leslie J.<br />
Burlingame, DSB 7: 590–91.)
117<br />
LAMBSPRINCK<br />
De lapide philosophico e Germanico versu Latine redditus, per<br />
Nicolaum Barnaudum.<br />
Frankfurt: sumptibus Lucae Jennis I., 1625.<br />
4to: A–D4 E2 , 18 leaves, pp. 35 [1] (last page blank). 16 emblematic<br />
engravings (14 x 15mm), the Wrst on the titlepage, and an engraved<br />
coat of arms on A2r.<br />
186 x 147mm. Titlepage dustsoiled, otherwise a clean copy with strong<br />
impressions of the plates.<br />
Binding: Recent quarter calf.<br />
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature dated 1951 on free endleaf.<br />
First edition, the last part only of Musaeum hermeticum (1625), a second,<br />
enlarged edition of which was printed in 1678 and again in 1749; an<br />
English translation appeared in 1893. See Caillet 7890, Duveen p. 418.<br />
A series of Wnely engraved emblems on the philospher’s stone. This is the<br />
last of the 9 alchemical treatises published as Musaeum hermeticum. The Wrst<br />
8 tracts of the Museum have continuous pagination and register, only the<br />
Lambsprinck is separately paginated, and it has a full titlepage with imprint<br />
so may have been issued separately as well as in the Musaeum.<br />
118<br />
LARREY, Dominique Jean (1766–1842)<br />
Mémoires de chirurgie militaire, et campagnes.<br />
Paris: chez J. Smith... et chez F. Buisson... de l’imprimerie de J. H. Stône<br />
[vol. IV:] chez J. Smith... et Gide, 1812–17.<br />
4 volumes 8vo, pp. [iii–xxviii] 382; [2] 512 (cancels 347/8, 425/6); [2]<br />
499 (pp. 273/4 omitted from the pagination, cancel 235/6); [2] 500<br />
(pp. 479–480 omitted, cancel 3/4). Lacking the halftitles.<br />
17 engraved plates, numbered I–XI, 1–6, pl. 2 signed ‘Dr. Sarlandière<br />
del. Plée sc.’ (plates 1 and 2 folding).<br />
[bound uniformly with:]<br />
Recueil de mémoires de chirurgie.<br />
Paris: chez compère Jeune, 1821.<br />
8vo, pp. [iii]–xvi 319 [1]; 3 leaves of explanation of the plates printed<br />
on rectos only; [1] errata (verso blank); [1] advertisement. Lacking the<br />
half title.<br />
4 engraved plates, numbered 1–4, signed ‘D. A. Duponchel del.’, the<br />
last printed in colours.<br />
195 x 1200mm. Some light foxing, light waterstain in vol. 3, clean tears<br />
in two leaves in vol. 1 repaired; rust hole in pp. 31/2 in the Recueil.<br />
Binding: Contemporary half calf over marbled boards. Rubbed.
Provenance: Steeven’s Hospital Medical and Surgical Library with<br />
large oval library stamps dated 1813 on titles, several other text pages<br />
and plate versos.<br />
First editions, Wrst issues. Later issues of vols I and II have the prelims<br />
reset with the same imprint as vol. IV. Mémoires: Garrison–Morton<br />
2160; Wellcome III, p. 451; Norman Library 1280; Recueil: Norman<br />
Library 1281.<br />
The most important work on military surgery after Paré. Larrey recounts<br />
his service in North America as chief surgeon on the frigate Vigilante, and in<br />
Napoleon’s army. These are the four volumes of the original Mémoires together<br />
with the Recueil, detailing research undertaken to verify treatments established<br />
during the campaigns. A further volume describing campaigns from 1815 to<br />
1840 was published in 1841, Relation médicale de campagnes et voyages, de 1815<br />
à 1840, usually catalogued as a separate work.<br />
‘Larrey was the greatest military surgeon in history. Of him Napoleon<br />
said: “C’est l’homme le plus vertueux que j’ai connu”. He was present at<br />
all Napoleon’s great battles and one of the few who stood by him on his<br />
abdication, and was waiting for him on his return in 1815. Larrey was one of<br />
the Wrst to amputate at the hipjoint, the Wrst to describe the therapeutic eVect<br />
of maggots on wounds, gave the Wrst description of “trench foot”, invented<br />
the “ambulante volonte”, used advanced Wrstaid posts on the battleWeld,<br />
and devised several new operations. He was familiar with the stomach tube,<br />
with débridement, and with the infectious nature of granular conjunctivitis.<br />
He was a kindly man, who devoted much of his life to the wellbeing of<br />
the soldiers, among whom not even Napoleon commanded more love and<br />
respect.’ (Garrison–Morton.)<br />
119<br />
LEIBNIZ, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von (1646–1716)<br />
Hypothesis Physica Nova qua phaenomenorum naturae<br />
plerorumque causae ab unico quodam universali motu, in globo<br />
nostro supposito, neque Tychonicis, neque Copernicanis aspernando,<br />
repetuntur. Nec non theoria motus abstracti.<br />
Lonndon: impensis J. Martyn, Regiae Societatis typographi, ad insigne<br />
campanae in coemeterio divi Pauli, 1671.<br />
12mo: A 8 (+/–A2) B–D 8 E 6 (–E6 presumed blank), 53 leaves, pp. 74,<br />
30. The bifolium C1.12 is a folding leaf paginated 49/50 and bound as<br />
C1 (thus there appears to be no C12 and there are 104 instead of 106<br />
pages). Divisional title ‘Theoria motus abstracti’ on D3r.<br />
141 x 72mm. Clean tears in blank margin of title and into the text of<br />
D4. Some soiling and light discolouration.<br />
Binding: Recent quarter calf.<br />
Provenance: Sion College Library with library stamps on verso of title<br />
and D3v, the former with release stamp. Walter Pagel’s signature,<br />
undated, on pastedown.
Second edition (Wrst printed at Mainz in the same year). Advertised in<br />
the Trinity Term Catalogue (June–July) priced at 7d bound (T.C. I,<br />
81–2). Wing L962; ESTC R11467; Ravier 15.<br />
‘After reading the papers of Huygens and Wren on collision and the<br />
Elementorum philosophiae of Hobbes, Leibniz composed his Hypothesis physica<br />
nova... [The second part] Theoria motus abstracti oVers a rational theory of<br />
motion whose axiomatic foundation... was inspired by the indivisibles of<br />
Cavalieri and the notion of conatus proposed by Hobbes. Both the word conatus<br />
and the mechanical idea were taken from Hobbes, while the mathematical<br />
reasoning was derived from Cavalieri. After his invention of the calculus,<br />
Leibniz was able to replace Cavalieri’s indivisbles by diVerentials and this<br />
enabled him to apply his theory of conatus to the solution of dynamical<br />
problems... Leibniz’ doctrine of conatus, in which a body is conceived as a<br />
momentary mind, that is, a mind without memory, may be regarded as a Wrst<br />
sketch of the philosophy of monads... Mathematically, conatus represents for<br />
Leibniz accelerative force in the Newtonian sense, so that, by summing an<br />
inWnity of conatuses (that is by integration), the eVect of a continuous force can<br />
be measured. Examples of conatus given by Leibniz are centrifugal force and<br />
what he called the solicitation of gravity. Further clariWcations of the concept<br />
of conatus are given in the Essay de dynamique and Specimen dynamicum, where<br />
conatus is compared with the static force of vis motua in contrast to vis viva,<br />
which is produced by an inWnity of impressions of vis mortua.’ (Joseph E.<br />
Hofman, DSB 8:151–2.)<br />
Leibniz sent the Wrst part of the Mainz edition to Oldenburg on 11 March<br />
1671 and his covering letter and the dedication to the Royal Society were read<br />
at a meeting on 23 March 1671. Boyle, Wallis, Wren and Hooke were asked<br />
to ‘peruse and consider’ the book and report back. Only Wallis and Hooke’s<br />
reports were recorded at subsequent meetings: Wallis approved, Hooke,<br />
characteristically, ‘was not satisWed with it’. The second part (dedicated to<br />
the French Academy) was not sent to Oldenburg until 9 April.<br />
The London edition was available by June or July – printed by the Royal<br />
Society’s printer, but not under the Society’s imprimatur – and announced<br />
by Oldenburg in the Philosophical transactions on 17 July (no. 73, pp. 2213–4).<br />
Wallis’s reviews of each part were printed in later issues. Leibniz was elected<br />
a Fellow of the Royal Society two years later in 1673.<br />
Heinekamp, Albert, ed. 300 Jahre “Nova methodus” von G.W. Leibniz (1684-<br />
1984): Symposion der Leibniz-Gesellschaft im Congresscentrum “Leewenhorst” in<br />
Noordwijkerhout (Niederlande), 28. bis 30. August 1984 (Stuttgart 1986).<br />
120<br />
LEIBNIZ, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von (1646–1716)<br />
Nova methodus pro maximis & minimis, itemque tangentibus,<br />
quae nec fractas, nec irrationales quantitates moratur, & singulare pro<br />
illis calculi genus.<br />
[with other papers by Leibniz, in a volume containing Acta Eruditorum<br />
Vols III and IV].<br />
Leipzig: J. Grossium & J.F. Gletitschium, 1684.
4to: Leibniz, ‘Nova methodus’: pp. 467–473 and Tab XII, in Acta<br />
eruditorum vol. III, 1684: A4 (A1+)o( 4 ) B–4F4 , pp. [10] 591 [16]. 14<br />
plates, several folding. Engraving printed on p. 93 and a few woodcut<br />
diagrams in the text.<br />
[Bound with:]<br />
Acta eruditorum vol. IV, 1685: A4 (A1+p2 ) B–4I4 , pp. [6] 595 [16]. 15<br />
engraved plates. A few woodcut diagrams in the text. A few woodcut<br />
diagrams.<br />
295 x 157mm. Light paper discolouration, less pronounced than usual.<br />
Good fresh copies.<br />
Binding: Contemporary sheep, gilt spine, red and green sprinkled<br />
edges. Heavily rubbed and corners worn but a good sound binding.<br />
Provenance: A few contemporary annotations and some underlining<br />
(not in the Leibniz papers).<br />
First edition. Ravier 90; McLean Evans, Epochal achievements 7; Dibner,<br />
Heralds of Science 109; Horblit, One Hundred <strong>Books</strong> Famous in Science 66a;<br />
Printing and the Mind of Man 160; Sparrow, Milestones of Science 130.<br />
One of the deWning moments of the scientiWc revolution, the Wrst published<br />
exposition of the calculus. As early as 1669 Newton had independently invented<br />
the calculus of Xuxions, but had not published anything and the dispute over<br />
priority of invention led to one of the most famous controversies in the history<br />
of science. Newton’s supporters claimed that Leibniz knew of Newton’s earlier<br />
work and adapted it, but it is now accepted that his invention was independent,<br />
though later. Leibniz’s calculus was in fact more powerful than Newton’s,<br />
giving continental mathematicians a leading position throughout the eighteenth<br />
century. Newtonian calculus was not Wnally abandoned in England<br />
until Babbage, Herschel and Peacock conducted a successful campaign to<br />
introduce Leibnizian or continental notation in the 1820s.<br />
The seminal paper is here contained in a volume containing two annual<br />
volumes of the journal, together with a tract on numismatics (see below),<br />
making a rather thick volume.<br />
The volume contains the following papers by Leibniz:<br />
‘De dimensionibus Wgurarum inveniendis.’ Volume III (1684) pp. 233–236.<br />
Ravier 88.<br />
‘Demonstrationes novae de resistentia solidorum.’ Volume III (1684) pp.<br />
319–325 and plate 9. Ravier 89.<br />
‘Nova methodus pro maximis et minimis.’ Volume III (1684) pp. 467–473<br />
and plate 12. Ravier 90.<br />
‘Mediatione de congnitione, verite et Ideis’ Volume III (1684) pp. 537–542.<br />
Ravier 91.<br />
‘Additio ad schedam in Actis proxime antecedentis Maii pag. 233 editam,<br />
De dimensionibus curvilineorum.’ Volume III pp. 585–587. Ravier 92.<br />
‘Demonstratio geometrica regulae apud staticos receptae de momentis<br />
gravium.’ Volume IV pp. 501–505 and plate 13. Ravier 93.<br />
At the end of the volume is bound:
FELLER, Joachim, 1628–1691.<br />
Vindiciæ, adversus Johann. Henrici Eggelingii iniquissimam<br />
insulsissimamque Censuram, ut vocat, censuræ mysteriorum<br />
Cereris et Bacchi: nec non disquisitionis epistolicæ De numismatibus<br />
quibusdam, quæ pro Neronianis ille venditat<br />
Leipzig: Apud Joh. Frid. Gleditschium, literis viduæ Christiani<br />
Michaelis, 1685.<br />
4to: p1 A–G4 (–G1), 28 leaves, pp. [2] 54. 2 engraved plates.<br />
Feller responds to an attack by Johann Heinrich Eggeling (1639–1713) in<br />
Mysteria Cereris et Bacchi.<br />
121<br />
LIBAVIuS, Andreas (1555–1616)<br />
Defensio et declaratio perspicua alchymiae transmutatoriae,<br />
opposita Nicolaei Guiberti Lotharingi... expugnationi virili: et Gastonis<br />
Clavei... Apologiae contra Erastum malè sartae & pravae.<br />
Oberursel: ex oYcina Cornelii Sutorii: sumtibus Petri KopYi Bibliopolae,<br />
1604.<br />
8vo: A–3A4 (blank 3A4 ), 372 leaves, pp. [24] 694 [26] (last 2 blank).<br />
160 x 92mm. Old inscriptions on title scored out and paper corroded<br />
by ink, leaving holes in blank areas; pp. 200–204 crossed through and<br />
corroded by ink with loss of several letters; most gatherings heavily<br />
browned, though a few unaVected.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Back broken, lower joint<br />
cracked and a few leaves coming loose.<br />
Provenance: Early inscriptions on title scored through and illegible,<br />
except the date, 1666, and pp. 200–204 crosed out (large X over the<br />
text, not obscuring anything).<br />
First edition. VD17 12:655902X.<br />
‘A logical defence of alchemy of some interest’ according to Partington.<br />
It is a reply to Nicolas Guibert, ‘Libavius’s most redoubtable opponent...<br />
a Werce opponent of alchemy’. Partington gives a cryptic list of the most<br />
important topics as follows: ‘the “transmutation” of plants (p. 88); the<br />
Tabula Smaragdina known to Albertus Magnus (p. 177); Avicenna’s Alchemy<br />
genuine (p. 186); the conversion of iron into copper a real transmutation<br />
(pp. 216–82); argyrogonia and chrysogonia, vim argentiWcam & aruiWcam<br />
dicit inesse seminibus suis (p. 553); de vi auriWca & argentiWca (p. 553); de<br />
mixtione (p. 587)’ (Partington II, pp. 268 and 252).<br />
122<br />
LIBAVIuS, Andreas (1555–1616)<br />
Alchymia triumphans de injusta in se collegii Galenici spurii in<br />
academia Parisiensi censura; et Ioannis Riolani maniographia, falsi
convicta, & funditus eversa. Opus hermeticum, vere didacticum...<br />
De quinta essentia magno perfectoque lapidis magisterio... diligenta<br />
elaboratem.<br />
Frankfurt: ex oYcina typographica Ioannis Saurii impensis Petri KopY,<br />
1607.<br />
8vo: A–3M8 (blank 3M8), 468 leaves, pp. 926 [2] (last 2 pages blank).<br />
153 x 96mm. Severely browned and paper brittle with several short<br />
marginal tears; small worm holes aVecting individual letters.<br />
Binding: Eighteenthcentury vellum boards, early MS lettering on<br />
upper page edges.<br />
First edition. Wellcome 3777; Duveen p. 357.<br />
A reply to the attacks of the Paris Academy of Medicine, instigated by Riolan,<br />
after the publication of Libavius’ Alchymia recognita, emendata et aucta, (1606).<br />
Duveen calls it ‘a splendid defence of alchemy.’<br />
‘Libavius was... involved in the conXict between, on one side, the French<br />
Calvinist–Paracelsists Joseph Duchesne and Israel Harvet – whom he supported<br />
– and, on the other, the Galenist Catholic professor of medicine of<br />
the university of Paris, Jean Riolan. To an aggressive pamphlet by Riolan,<br />
Libavius replied with the 926 page Alchymia triumphans (1607), demonstrating<br />
point by point the ignorance of his adversary.’ (Wlodzimierz Hubicki, DSB<br />
8:310a.)<br />
123<br />
LIBAVIuS, Andreas (1555–1616)<br />
De universitate, et originibus rerum conditarum contemplatio<br />
singularis, theologica, et philosophica, iuxta historiam Hexaëmeri<br />
Mosaici in Genesi propositam instituta, et in VII. libros distributa.<br />
Frankfurt: excudabatur typis Ioannis Saurii, impensis Petri KopYi,<br />
bibliopolae, 1610.<br />
4to: A–5D4 (blank 5D4), pp. [12] 742 [14] (last two pages blank).<br />
Title within a woodcut border.<br />
200 x 160mm. Light browning.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum, recently rebacked in morocco.<br />
Provenance: Inscription on title, ‘Casparii PfaVe[?] 1612 [...]’; library<br />
stamp, cancelled, of the university of Helmstedt on verso of title.<br />
Inscribed ‘Walter and Magda Pagel’ on pastedown.<br />
First edition. Another issue or edition was published by KopV in 1620.<br />
VD17 39:119916C.<br />
One of Libavius rarer works. Partington summarises the contents as follows:<br />
‘Deals with six days of Creation; pillars of Seth (p. 32); aqua sicca=mercury<br />
(p. 216); transmutation of plants (p. 268); rejects the divining rod (p. 350, de<br />
Virgula divina theses, mentioning Agricola); rejects astrology (pp. 361, 401);<br />
accepts the barnacle goose (p. 533)’ (Partington I, pp. 251–2).
124<br />
LIBAVIuS, Andreas (1555–1616)<br />
Wolmeinendes Bedenken von der Fama unnd Confession der<br />
Brüderschafft des Rose[n]Creutzes.<br />
Erfurt: bey Johann Röhbock, 1616.<br />
8vo: A–T8 (blank T8), 152 leaves, pp. 294 [10] last 3 pages blank.<br />
149 x 90mm. Moderate uniform browning, lighter in some gatherings,<br />
a fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Early twentiethcentury polished roan, gilt emblem on upper<br />
cover. Spine faded, spine ends and corners worn.<br />
Provenance: Early underlining on a few pages; Manly P. Hall with his<br />
emblem of a cross within a wreath of roses and laurel leaves stamped<br />
on upper cover; ‘Colleg. pansophia [Greek] et fraternit. hermetica’.<br />
First edition. VD17 23:671058R; Manly Hall Collection 96.<br />
A late work (his last?), a criticism of the Rosicrucians. It is only mentioned in<br />
passing by Partington (II, p. 245). Hall notes that ‘Gardner regards the book<br />
as favorable to the Order and Waite regards it as critical of the Order’.<br />
This copy was presumably bound for Manly Palmer Hall (1901–1990) as<br />
it has his emblem in gilt on the upper board. The Canadianborn mystic was<br />
the author of The Secret Teachings of all Ages (1927); Carl Jung, when writing<br />
Psychology and Alchemy, borrowed material from Hall’s private collection.<br />
The copy described in the catalogue of the Manly P. Hall collection, now at<br />
the Philosophical Research Society in Los Angeles, founded by Hall in 1934,<br />
is another copy, bound in a vellum manuscript leaf.<br />
Manly P. Hall, ed. R. C. Hoggart, Alchemy: a comprehensive bibliography of the<br />
Manly P. Hall Collection (1986).<br />
125<br />
LOVELL, Robert (1630?–1690)<br />
Panzooryktologia [Greek]. Sive Panzoologicomineralogia. Or a<br />
compleat history of animals and minerals, containing the summe of all<br />
authors, both ancient and modern, Galenicall and chymicall, with the<br />
anatomy of Man, his diseases... and use of the London dispensatory...<br />
as also a history of minerals, viz. earths, mettals, semimettals, their<br />
naturall and artiWciall excrements, salts, sulphurs, and stones, with<br />
their place, matter, names, kinds, temperature, vertues, use, choice,<br />
dose, danger, and antidotes.<br />
Oxford: printed by [W. Hall and] Hen: Hall, for Jos: Godwin, 1661.<br />
8vo: * 8 b–f 8 A–2I 8 2K 4 ; p 2 a–f 8 g 4 3A 8 (3A4+c1) 3B–3C 8 2 c1 (blank<br />
p1), 396 leaves, pp. [112] 519 [1]; [4] 112 [2] 113–152 [2]. Title to part<br />
2 on p2; the last leaf is a vertical halftitle ‘Lovells history of animals<br />
and minerals’ with instructions to the binder to place it in the second<br />
part between pp. 112 and 113. Both full titles within Xeuron borders,<br />
Xeuron headpieces, woodcut initials.
168 x 103mm.<br />
Binding: Contemporary blindruled calf, rebacked. Corners worn.<br />
First edition. The Thomason copy is annotated ‘Feb.’. Wing L3245, 6;<br />
ESTC R30507; Madan III, 2562, 2561; Wellcome III, p. 552; Krivatsy<br />
7150; Ward and Carozzi 1401; Neville II, p. 92.<br />
In this encyclopedic work in two parts, on animals and on minerals,<br />
Lovell completes his trilogy begun with his work on the plant kingdom,<br />
Pambotanologia (1659). It ‘contains much of chemical, metallurgical, and<br />
mineralogical interest’ (Neville).<br />
126<br />
LOWER, Richard (1631–1691)<br />
Tractatus de corde. Item De motu & colore sanguinis, et chyli in<br />
eum transitu.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Danielem Elzevirium, 1669.<br />
8vo: 8<br />
* A–O8 P4 , 124 leaves, pp. [16] 132 (sigs N and O transposed in<br />
this copy). Woodcut device on title.<br />
7 engraved plates: numbered Tab. 1–7 (bound as throwouts at the end).<br />
154 x92mm. Fore edges of several plates shaved.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, green sprinkled edges. Front<br />
free endleaf removed.<br />
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.<br />
First Amsterdam edition (Wrst edition, London 1669). Fulton says this<br />
was published ‘a few months after’ the London edition. Willems 1412;<br />
Fulton, Lower and Mayow 6; Wellcome III, p. 552; Krivatsy 7158.<br />
One of the great classics of medical literature, the Wrst major advance on<br />
cardiac physiology since Harvey. Lower was the Wrst to demonstrate the<br />
scrolllike structure of the cardiac muscle; he was the Wrst to transfuse blood;<br />
and he observed that the bright red colour of arterial blood was due to the<br />
absorption of air in the lungs.<br />
This is the Amsterdam reprint which followed closely on the London<br />
edition dated 1669, but possibly issued in 1668.<br />
For the Wrst edition see Garrison–Morton 761; Printing and the Mind of Man 149;<br />
LeFanu, Notable Medical <strong>Books</strong> in the Lilly Library p. 87.<br />
127<br />
MACH, Ernst (1838–1916)<br />
Zwei populäre Vorlesungen über musikalische Akustik.<br />
Gräz: Leuschner & Lubensky, 1865.<br />
8vo, pp. 21 [1]. Line diagrams and musical examples in the text.<br />
233 x 152mm.<br />
Binding: Original printed wrappers. Margins chipped and discoloured.<br />
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.
First edition. This was reprinted, under a slightly diVerent title, in<br />
Populär-wissenschaftliche vorlesung (1896 and later editions), translated<br />
into English as Popular scientiWc lectures (1895 and later editions).<br />
128<br />
MAIER, Michael (1568?–1622)<br />
Arcana arcanissima, hoc est Hieroglyphica aegyptiograeca, vulgo<br />
necdum cognita, ad demonstrandam falsorum apud antiquos deorum,<br />
dearum, heroum, animantium, & institutorum pro sacris receptorum.<br />
[London]: [Thomas Creed], 1613?<br />
4to: p2 (p1 + A4) B–2P4 2Q2 , 156, pp. [12] 285 [15]. Engraved title on<br />
p1r, letterpress on verso, full page engraving on p2r, letterpress on verso.<br />
181 x 135mm. Engraved title cut close and frayed at the foot; old repair<br />
in upper margin of A1; sigs 2L and 2M on diVerent paper stock and<br />
browned.<br />
Binding: Contemporary or slightly later vellum boards, brown sprinkled<br />
edges. Board edges chewed in a few places (by an insect or a rodent?),<br />
soiled.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary or early inscription on free endleaf ‘Joannes<br />
Baptista Biliorius à Lucerna’; bookplate removed from pastedown.<br />
Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.<br />
First edition, undated issue with engraved title. Entered to Thomas Creed<br />
in the Stationer’s Register 28 May 1613 and probably issued in that<br />
year; another issue has a letterpress title dated 1614; a reissue under<br />
the title De hieroglyphicis Aegyptiorum is dated 1625 (see below). STC<br />
17196.5; ESTC S111892; Duveen p. 380; Manly Hall Collection 98.<br />
The Arcana arcanissima is an attempt to reinterpret Egyptian and Greek<br />
mythology as a symbolic or mythic forerunner of alchemy. ‘Maier’s simple, if<br />
extravagant, claim was that the whole of Egyptian and classical mythology was<br />
merely an allegorical exposition of the alchemical process... In his Wrst work,<br />
Arcana Arcanissima (The Most Secret of Secrets), published apparently in 1614,<br />
the author seeks to show the deeper, more original meanings which lie behind<br />
ancient myths... Throughout this extraordinary work the author is at pains<br />
to reiterate that knowledge of every kind originated with the Egyptians, from<br />
whom it passed to the Greeks, Romans and others.’ (Sheppard, p. 53.)<br />
‘All of Maier’s treatises are written with great erudition and display<br />
substantial knowledge of mythology and ancient history. They are classic<br />
examples of the neoHermetic manner having no clear chemical sense.’<br />
(Wlodzimierz Hubici, DSB 9:24a).<br />
This is Maier’s Wrst book and the only one of his works to be published<br />
in England, during his visit between 1612 and 1614. He was not impressed<br />
with England, but he met Robert Fludd, Sir William Paddy, President of the<br />
London College of Physicans (to whom some copies of Arcana Arcanissma<br />
are dedicated) and other philosophers. On returning to Germany he helped<br />
to arrange the publication of Fludd’s works at Frankfurt. Maier’s works are
important in Rosicrucian literature, but it is not clear whether, as is generally<br />
assumed, he came to Rosicrucian philosophy through Robert Fludd. Hall<br />
suggests that, conversely, it could have been Maier who brought Rosicrucian<br />
philosophy to England. This would seem to be conWrmed by the fact that<br />
Maier claims Rosicrucianism as a one of the gifts of Germany to the world<br />
in Verum inventum (1619, see below).<br />
The Wne engraved titlepage has a border incorporating the Wgures of Osiris,<br />
Typhon, Isis, Hercules and Dionysus, two obelisks with hieroglyphics, and<br />
an ibis, an ape and a monkey. It is unsigned. Conjugate with it (here bound<br />
after A4) there is a leaf bearing a full page engraving with a letterpress verse<br />
on the verso. The engraving looks very much like another titlepage plate, but<br />
with the title and imprint removed. There is a faint trace of an oval panel<br />
between two architectural columns, which might have contained the title,<br />
and an oblong panel at the foot might have contained an imprint. ESTC<br />
records a variant with a dedication to Sir William Paddy stamped in the space<br />
between the two columns.<br />
There are three issues of the book, rather confusingly dealt with in both<br />
STC and ESTC. This is presumably the Wrst, undated but with an engraved<br />
titlepage and conjugate leaf with another full page engraving as described<br />
above. Another issue has a letterpress title, a singleton, without imprint<br />
but dated 1614, and is without the engraved bifolium. The third issue has a<br />
singleton letterpress titlepage De hieroglyphicis aegyptiorvm libri sex ([London],<br />
Prostat apud Societatem Londinensem, anno 1625). Since the book was<br />
registered to Creed on 28 May 1613, it seems reasonable to date the present<br />
issue 1613, and having the engraved title makes it likely to have priority over<br />
the issue with the letterpress title. STC calls it ‘another issue’ of the 1614<br />
dated edition, implying a date of 1614, and ESTC goes further, calling it a<br />
reissue, which I think is wrong. The book was previously thought to have been<br />
printed at Oppenheim and reissued in London. Oppenheim is still given as<br />
the place of printing in some catalogues and Johnson (Catalogue of engraved<br />
and etched English title-pages) does not notice the engraved titlepage because<br />
the work was not, in 1934, recognised as English printing.<br />
Manly P. Hall, ed. R. C. Hoggart, Alchemy: a comprehensive bibliography of the<br />
Manly P. Hall Collection, 1986. H. J. Sheppard, ‘The Mythological Tradition and<br />
Seventeenth[]century Alchemy’, in Allen G. Debus, ed., Science, Medicine and<br />
Society in the Renaissance. Essays to honor Walter Pagel (1972) I, pp. 47–59.<br />
129<br />
MAIER, Michael (1568?–1622)<br />
Symbola aureae mensae duodecim nationum. Hoc est, hermaea<br />
seu mercurii festa ab heroibus duodenis selectis, artis chymicae<br />
usu, sapientia & authoritate paribus celebrata, ad pyropolynicen seu<br />
adversarium illum tot annis iactabundum, virgini chemiae.<br />
Frankfurt: typis Antonii Humii, impensis Lucae Iennis, 1617.<br />
4to: (:)–2(:) 4 3(:) 2 A–4O 4 , 342 leaves, pp. [20] 621 [43]. Title within an<br />
engraved border, engraved portrait on (:) 4 v, 12 engravings in the text<br />
(c. 80 x 110mm) and 1 woodcut.
194 x 155mm. Titlepage soiled, frayed with slight loss of engraved<br />
border, and mounted; margins of Wrst gathering strengthened and<br />
Xeuron border to portrait partly obscured; corner of 3A3 defective with<br />
loss of a few letters and repaired. Light browning.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Soiled, old repairs to foot of<br />
spine.<br />
Provenance: About 80 words of early annotation (cropped) on pp. 18<br />
and 60 and a few other words and marks; monogram bookplate and<br />
an old library stamp on title, both unidentiWed.<br />
First edition. VD17 23:291341V; Wellcome 3979 (Wellcome copy<br />
imperfect); Duveen p. 382; Ferguson II, pp. 64–5; Neu 2611; Mellon<br />
75; Manly Hall Collection 106.<br />
‘Perhaps Maier’s most ambitious work in praise of alchemy. A kind of<br />
symbolical banquet is held at the “Golden Table” in praise of Chemia and<br />
12 representatives apear.’ (Duveen.)<br />
The engravings are attributed to Theodor de Bry. The titlepage border<br />
incorporates the portraits of the alchemists of the 12 nations; there is a portrait<br />
of Maier aged 49 in 1617, and 12 symbolical engravings in the text.<br />
130<br />
MAIER, Michael (1568?–1622)<br />
Verum inventum, hoc est, munera Germaniae, ab ipsa primitus<br />
reperta (non ex vino, ut calumniator quidam scoptice invehit, sed vi<br />
animi & corporis) & reliquo orbi communicata.<br />
Frankfurt: typis Nicolai HoVmanni, sumptibus Lucae Iennis, 1619.<br />
8vo: A–Q8 F6 (blank R6), 134 leaves, pp; [26] 11–249 [3] (colophon<br />
on R5v, last 2 pages blank). Woodcut printer’s device on title and<br />
colophon.<br />
146 x 90mm. A few headlines shaved; printed on mixed paper stocks,<br />
gatherings A, F, G, I and O–R browned.<br />
Binding: Recent boards.<br />
First edition. Manly Hall Collection 109.<br />
‘This work on the gifts of Germany to the world culture includes the<br />
Fraternity of the Rosy Cross, printing, and the religion of reform.’ (Manly<br />
Hall Collection.)<br />
131<br />
MALPIGHI, Marcello (1628–1694)<br />
De viscerum structurâ exercitatio anatomica... Accedit dissertatio<br />
eiusdem De polypo cordis.<br />
London: typis T[homas]. R[oycroft]. impensis Jo. Martyn, apud insigne<br />
Campanae extra locum vulgo dictum Temple-Bar, 1669.<br />
12mo: A–H 12 , 96 leaves, pp. [12] 180.
127 x 70mm. A good fresh and crisp copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary calf, blind ruled sides with Xoral corner ornaments,<br />
blind ruled unlettered spine, red sprinkled edges. Head and tail<br />
of spine chipped, joints cracked but cords sound, worn and scuVed.<br />
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on free endleaf.<br />
Second edition (Wrst Bologna 1666). Advertised in the Easter Term Catalogue<br />
at 1s 4d bound (I, 10). Another edition was printed at Frankfurt in<br />
1678. Wing M348; ESTC R9952; Wellcome IV, p. 37; Krivatsy 7332.<br />
An important collection of Wve anatomical treatises including the classic essay<br />
on the kidney, ‘De renibus’ describing the Malpighian Bodies; ‘De polypo<br />
cordis’, his chief haematological treatise containing his discovery of the red<br />
blood corpuscles; and ‘De liene’ containing the Wrst description of Hodgkin’s<br />
disease. The other essays are ‘De hepate’; and ‘De cerebri cortici’.<br />
This was the Wrst of Malpighi’s works to be printed in England. Just over<br />
a year earlier, in a letter of 28 December 1667, Henry Oldenburg had written<br />
to Malpighi in Bologna praising his discoveries and inviting him to enter<br />
into correspondence with the Royal Society. In his reply, dated 22 March<br />
1668, Malpighi sent a copy of De viscerum structura and a long review of it<br />
appeared in Philosophical transactions on 15 February 1669. In the review it is<br />
stated that John Martyn was in the process of reprinting it, referring to the<br />
present edition (Philosophical Transactions 3 (1668) 688–691). It was advertised<br />
in the Easter Term Catalogue (issued on 19 May) and seems to have been<br />
a private undertaking on John Martyn’s part. One suspects however that<br />
he was already privy to the decision by the Royal Society to undertake the<br />
publication of Malpighi’s works under their imprimatur from this point on.<br />
On 22 February 1669 the Society issued the order for John Martyn and James<br />
Allestry to publish Malpighi’s next work, Dissertatio epistolica de Bombyce, and<br />
it was advertised for sale in the Michaelmas Term Catalogue (Birch, History<br />
of the Royal Society II, p. 349; Term Catalogues I, 21). Malpighi was elected<br />
FRS as a foreign member in March 1669.<br />
The Wrst edition is Garrison–Morton 535 and 1230.<br />
132<br />
MALPIGHI, Marcello (1628–1694)<br />
Dissertatio epistolica de formatione pulli in ovo. Regiae Societati,<br />
Londini ad scientiarum naturalem promovendam institutae, dicta.<br />
London: apud Joannem Martyn, Regiae Societatis Typographum, ad<br />
insigne Campanae in Coemeterio Divi Pauli, 1673.<br />
4to: A 2 B–F 4 G 2 (–G2), 23 leaves, pp. [4] 42. Imprimatur leaf before<br />
title. last leaf in facsimile on old paper.<br />
4 folding engraved plates numbered Tabula I–IV.<br />
220 x 165mm. Imprimatur leaf and titlepage soiled, slightly defective<br />
and laid down; text lightly browned; plates dustsoiled and with several<br />
tears, strengthened with old paper on the versos.<br />
Binding: Recent polished calf.
First edition. Advertised in the Hilary Term Catalogue (January–March) at<br />
2s stitched (I, 129). Also issued as part of Dissertatio epistolicae duae (1673)<br />
together with Dissertatio epistolica de bombyce (1669). An appendix was<br />
published in Malpighi’s Anatome plantarum (1675). Wing M350; not in<br />
ESTC but cf. R9561 and R221786; Norman 1429; Garrison–Morton 469.<br />
‘[Malpighi’s] study of the development of the chicken in the egg went far<br />
beyond the work of Harvey and Fabrici, dealing with the internal structures<br />
to an unprecedented extent: his chief discoveries, illustrated in his four<br />
beautifully detailed plates, were the vascular area embraced by the terminal<br />
sinus, the cardiac tube and its segmentation, the aortic arches, the somites,<br />
the neural folds and neural tube, the cerebral and optic vesicles, the protoliver,<br />
the glands of the prestomach, and the feather follicles. Malpighi established<br />
the paths of subsequent embryological research, making the important<br />
connection between embryogenesis and phylogenesis, and playing a formative<br />
role in the development of preformationist theory, which would pose a strong<br />
challenge to the traditional doctrine of epigenesis.’ (Norman Library.)<br />
‘This and the De ovo incubato [in Anatome plantarum, 1675] placed the study<br />
of embryology on a sound basis, surpassing in accuracy all other contemporary<br />
work on the subject and foreshadowing some of the more important general<br />
lines of research in embryology.’ (Garrison–Morton.)<br />
This was the second of Malpighi’s books published by the Royal Society<br />
which gave the order to print it on 12 June 1672 (Birch, History of the Royal<br />
Society III, p. 51).<br />
It seems clear that this short work was issued separately as it was advertised<br />
on its own in the Term Catalogue. However it was also issued combined with<br />
the earlier Dissertatio epistolica de bombyce, published by the Royal Society in<br />
1669 with a general title page (there are two issues, one as Dissertatio epistolicae<br />
duae, ESTC R221786, the other omitting the word ‘duae’, ESTC R9561).<br />
No doubt this copy and many others in modern bindings have been extracted<br />
from the the combined issue.<br />
133<br />
MAYOW, John (1641–1679)<br />
Tractatus quinque medicophysici. Quorum primus agit de salnitro,<br />
et spiritu nitroaereo. Secundus de respiratione. Tertius de<br />
respiratione foetus in utero, et ovo. Quartus de motu musculari, et<br />
spiritibus animalibus. ultimus de rhachitide. Studio Joh. Mayow<br />
LL.D. & medici: necnon Coll. Omn. Anim. in univ. Oxon. Soci.<br />
Oxford: e Theatro Sheldoniano, 1674.<br />
8vo: a–e 4 A–2T 4 ; 2 A–T 4 , 264 leaves, pp. [40] 335 [1]; 152. Woodcut<br />
headpiece and initial to dedication; treatises 2–5 have divisional titles;<br />
treatise 4 starts second register and pagination sequence.<br />
7 engraved plates: portrait frontispiece and 6 plates numbered Tab.<br />
1–6 (bound as throwouts after the text).<br />
175 x 110mm. Light spots and stains to last few leaves and plates,<br />
otherwise a Wne fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary calf, gilt ruled sides with corner ornaments,<br />
gilt ornaments in spine compartments, marbled paper pastedowns,<br />
marbled page edges. Head of spine wormed, lower joint starting to<br />
split but sound, remains of one free endleaf at the front, the other<br />
missing, two free endleaves at the back.<br />
Provenance: A presentation copy with the words ‘Ex dono authori[s]’<br />
on the free endleaf, but threequarters of the leaf has been torn away<br />
(and restored) so that the recipients name is missing.<br />
First complete edition: ‘De respirartione’ and ‘De rachitide’ were Wrst<br />
published as Tractatus duo in 1669. Reprinted at the Hague in 1681;<br />
English translation, 1907. Wing M1537; ESTC R10053; Madan,<br />
III, 3015; Fulton, Two Oxford Physiologists... Lower and Mayow 108;<br />
Wellcome IV, p. 93; Krivatsy 7653; Garrison–Morton 578.<br />
‘Mayow was the Wrst to locate the seat of animal heat in the muscles; he<br />
discovered the double articulation of the ribs with the spine and came near<br />
to discovering oxygen in his suggestion that the object of breathing was to<br />
abstract from the air a deWnite group of lifegiving “particles”. He was the Wrst<br />
to make the deWnite suggestion that it is only a special fraction of the air that<br />
is of use in respiration. His Tractatus, embodying all his brilliant conclusions,<br />
is one of the best English medical classics.’ (Garrison–Morton.)<br />
A Wne presentation copy from the author, though frustratingly we don’t<br />
know who the recipient was.<br />
134<br />
MAYOW, John (1641–1679)<br />
Alle de medicinale en natuurkundige werken... Bestaande in vijf<br />
Verhandelinge... uit het Latyn vertaalt, en met noodige aanmerkingen<br />
verrijkt door S. B.<br />
Amsterdam: by Timotheus ten Hoorn, 1684.<br />
8vo: 4<br />
* A–2P8 2Q4 ; 312 leaves, pp. [8] 592 [24]. Title in red and<br />
black, woodcut initials.<br />
8 engraved plates: portrait and plates numbered Tab. 1–7 (portrait<br />
after prelims, plates at pp. 260, 330, 400, 566, 211 and 229).<br />
159 x 95mm. paper Xaw in the margin of D2 with loss of a few letters<br />
from the shoulder note.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, green sprinkled edges.<br />
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.<br />
First Dutch edition of Tractatus Quinque. Another state of the titlepage is<br />
dated 1683. Fulton, Two Oxford Physiologists... Lower and Mayow 113.<br />
The translator and annotator, ‘S. B.’ on the titlepage, is identiWed in the<br />
printer’s address to the reader as Steven Blankaart (1650–1702). As well as his<br />
annotations, Blankaart has added summaries of Mayow’s works at the end.<br />
Blankaart is best known for his Lexicon medicum renovatum; he also translated<br />
Willis, Sanctorius and other medical writers into Dutch.
135<br />
MERCKLIN, Georg Abraham (1644–1702?)<br />
Tractatio med. curiosa, de ortu & occasu transfusionis<br />
sanguinis, qua haec, quae Wt è bruto in brutum, à foro medico penitus<br />
eliminatur; illa, quae è bruto in hominem peragitur, refutatur, &<br />
ista, quae ex homine in hominem exercetur, ad experientiae examen<br />
relegatur.<br />
Nuremberg: sumptibus Johannis Ziegeri, bibliopolae, typis Christohori<br />
Gerhardt, 1679.<br />
8vo: )(– 2)( 8 (–)(7,8) A–G8 H2 (=2)(7,8?), 72 leaves, pp. [28], 112, [4],<br />
engraved title on )(8 which is bound before the printed title on )(1.<br />
197 x 92mm. Paper slightly weak at the beginning; browned.<br />
Binding: Eighteenthcentury calf, rebacked. Bound with an unrelated<br />
work in Dutch, Lange, Schaadelyke veepest, Amsterdam, 1719.<br />
Provenance: Owners stamp of Dr. med. Merzbach, Berlin, on free<br />
endleaf.<br />
First edition. Wellcome IV, p. 115; Krivatsy 7774; Heirs of Hippocrates 653.<br />
‘Following Lower and Denis, [Mercklin] was one of the earliest medical writers<br />
to discuss the history, value, dangers, and methods of blood transfusion. In<br />
this work Mercklin recognizes and understands what is now known as a<br />
transfusion reaction, and he was not entirely convinced of the wisdom of<br />
performing transfusions. Transfusions were then done from an animal,<br />
usually a sheep, to a human being, or from person to person. The technical<br />
diYculties were great and Mercklin pointed out the dangers and drawbacks as<br />
he understood them. The Wrst two chapters of his book deal with the history<br />
of transfusion and the techniques and instrumentation to be employed. In<br />
the remainder of the volume Mercklin discusses case histories, indications,<br />
and diseases that were improved or left unchanged by blood transfusion.’<br />
(Heirs of Hippocrates.)<br />
The engraved titlepage displays scenes of blood transfusions, between a<br />
dog and a young man, and two between young men.<br />
136<br />
MICHAELSPACHER, Stephan, publisher<br />
Cabala, Spiegel der Kunst unnd Natur: in Alchymia: Was der<br />
weisen uralte stein, doch für ein ding sey, der, da dreyfach, und nur<br />
ein Stein ist.<br />
Augsburg: bey Johann Schultes, in verlegung SteVan Müschelspachern<br />
auß Tyroll, 1615.<br />
4to: A–B 8 (–B8), 7 leaves unpaginated.<br />
4 large folding engraved plates (c. 320 x 250mm), the Wrst signed<br />
‘Raphael Custodis. Sculpsit. Stephan Michelspacher Ex’., the second<br />
‘R.C.S’, the third ‘PC. Sculps’, the fourth ‘R.C.’
135 x 142mm. Tear in titleleaf repaired on verso. Light foxing, dustsoiling<br />
and waterstaining to text, edges of last leaf frayed. Plates a little<br />
soiled, shaved in the margins, several tears with slight loss, all mounted.<br />
Binding: Nineteenthcentury embossed cloth.<br />
Provenance: Old owner’s stamp on title ‘Ring Out SaVen, Poel Sehn<br />
N. G. No. [Wlled in in MS:] 270’ (transcription uncertain).<br />
First edition, one of three diVerent states or issues. Another issue with<br />
the same Wngerprint but ‘Michelsspacher’ in the imprint is VD17<br />
12:649661B. The Wngerprint of VD17 23:257486C, also with ‘Michelsspacher’<br />
in the imprint, shows that at least the Wrst gathering is reset.<br />
There were several later editions. VD17 1:077617C; Duveen p. 111.<br />
Four densely engraved alchemical plates with a short text.<br />
The dedication is signed by the publisher, Michaelspacher,<br />
who is often assumed to be the author, but Ferguson points<br />
out that Michaelsacher says in the preface that the author’s<br />
name is concealed symbolically in the text. The plates are<br />
by Raphael Custos (c. 1590–c. 1651) and ‘show alchemical<br />
allegories in architectural settings, with the usual medley<br />
of names, steps and symbols... The Wrst print is of a triplemitred,<br />
bearded, and horned smiling beast framed in a<br />
zodiac. The second shows the two men [shown at the foot<br />
of the Wrst print] in various alchemical postures. The third<br />
depicts a rose arbor enclosing a fourstory fountain, all<br />
observed by several submerged men and women waving<br />
paddles at a pair of crossed Wery swords. The last is a magic<br />
mountain with a temple in its bosom, displayed by crosssection,<br />
also with a zodiac.’ (Hall, p. 13.)<br />
The dedication is to Michaelspacher’s friend Johann<br />
Remmelin, whose Pinax microcosmographicus he had<br />
published in 1615 (this was anonymous lead ing to<br />
Michaelspacher again being taken as the author, see below<br />
no. 160).<br />
This copy has good strong impressions of the plates,<br />
overall in good condition in spite of the defects noted<br />
above. Ferguson notes that the same plates are used in later<br />
editions with successively worse impressions.<br />
Ferguson I, pp. 135–6 and II, pp. 94–5; Manly P. Hall, ed. R.<br />
C. Hoggart, Alchemy: a comprehensive bibliography of the Manly<br />
P. Hall Collection, 1986, pp. 12–13.<br />
137<br />
MONTESNYDER, Johannes de<br />
Reconditorium ac reclusorium opulentiae sapientiaeque<br />
numinis mundi magni, cui deditur in titulum Chymica vannus,<br />
obtenta quidem & erecta auspice mortale coepto; sed inventa proauthoribus<br />
immortalibus adeptis.
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium à Waesberge, & Elizeum<br />
Weyerstraet, 1666.<br />
4to: A–3A4 (–3A4 blank), 187 of 188 leaves, pp. 392 (i.e. 294, 183, 184<br />
repeated and last page misnumbered); [2] 76 [2] (last page blank).<br />
Sectional titlepage on 2O4, errata on 3A4r, typographic circular and<br />
oval charts in the text and 12 full page engravings printed in the text,<br />
the Wrst, on A1r, repeated on 2O4v.<br />
195 x 145mm. Light soiling, gathering Y browned, dark stains in lower<br />
blank margins towards the end.<br />
Binding: Contemporary English blind ruled calf, marbled page edges.<br />
Rebacked with the original unlettered spine laid down, corners worn.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary signature J. Robertson on title and a MS<br />
index in a more formal hand on a free endleaf.<br />
First edition. The book was reissued at Leiden in 1696 as Chymiae<br />
aurifodina incomparabilis. Ferguson II, pp. 246–7; Caillet 11061 and<br />
2362; Wellcome, IV p. 486; Krivatsy 9439.<br />
The Wrst part is a compilation of alchemical writings with 9 Wne alchemical<br />
plates including 7 of the planets (the other plates are diagramatic). The<br />
authorship is unknown. The second part, ‘Commentatio de Pharmaco<br />
Catholico’ is usually attributed to MonteSnyder and is a translation of his<br />
‘Von der universal Medicin’, not printed in the original German until 1678<br />
as Tractatus de Medicina Universali, Das is Von der Universel Medicin. Ferguson<br />
points out that the titlepage to this second part states that it was translated<br />
from German when the author happened to be in London. This may be what<br />
led Caillet to attribute the work to the English alchemist Thomas Vaughn<br />
(1621–1666).<br />
Newton made a transcript of another work by MonteSnyder, The<br />
Metamorphosis of the Planets and followed his instructions in the laboratory.<br />
That work refers to the present book, a copy of which Newton owned. He<br />
studied the second part closely, entering many page and line references in the<br />
margins of his copy and turning down many corners (Harrison, The Library<br />
of Isaac Newton 1378; Dobbs, The Foundations of Newton’s Alchemy, p. 168n).<br />
The present copy oVers a further intriguing connection with English alchemy<br />
as it is in a contemporary English binding with an English provenance, having<br />
belonged to one J. Robertson whom I have not so far been able to trace.<br />
138<br />
MÜLLER, Johannes Peter (1801–1858)<br />
Zur vergleichenden Physiologie des Gesichtsinnes des<br />
Menschen und der Thiere nebst einem Versuch über den<br />
menschlichen Blick.<br />
Leipzig: bei C. Cnobloch (Gedruckt bei S. F. Thormann in Bonn), 1826.<br />
8vo, pp. xxxii 462 [2].<br />
1 large folding table (at p. 140) and 8 folding engraved plates, 3 with<br />
some handcolouring, engraved by W. Engels, I. Schubert, and J. F.<br />
Schröter, numbered Tab I–VIII (bound at the end).
203 x 127mm. Light foxing to plates.<br />
Binding: Contemporary green glazed boards, manuscript paper spine<br />
label. Spine and corners worn.<br />
First edition. Preface dated Autumn 1825. Garrison–Morton 1257 and 1495;<br />
Albert, Norton and Huertes 1623; Becker 267; Wellcome IV, p. 194.<br />
Müller’s Wrst major work which brought him to the attention of the scientiWc<br />
world and introduced the law of speciWc nerve energies. The preface is dated<br />
Autumn 1825 and the work opens with Müller’s inaugural lecture at the<br />
university of Bonn, dated 19 October 1824.<br />
‘Müller introduced a new era of biological research in Germany and<br />
pioneered the use of experimental methods in medicine. He overcame<br />
the inclination to natural philosophical speculation widespread in German<br />
universities during his youth, and inculcated respect for careful observation<br />
and physiological experimentation... In 1826 Müller published an extensive<br />
work that attracted the attention of the scientiWc world: Zur vergleichenden<br />
Physiology.... The book, in nine parts, reported on Müller’s various studies<br />
and interests. It opened with his inaugural lecture... The succeeding sections<br />
oVered a wealth of new Wndings on human and animal vision, brilliant<br />
investigations into the compound eyes of insects and crabs, and truly<br />
perceptive analyses of human sight. Moreover, the book recorded the young<br />
physiologist’s most important achievement, the discovery that each sensory<br />
system responds to various stimuli only in a Wxed, characteristic way – or, as<br />
Müller stated, with the energy speciWc to itself... This “law of speciWc nerve<br />
energies” led to the insight that man does not perceive the processes of the<br />
external world but only alterations they produce in his sensory systems: “In<br />
intercourse with the external world we continually sense ourselves.” This<br />
statement had important implications for epistemology.’ (Johannes Steudel,<br />
DSB 9: 567b, 569b.)<br />
139<br />
MÜLLER, Johannes Peter (1801–1858)<br />
Ueber die phantastischen Gesichtserscheinungen. Eine physiologische<br />
untersuchung mit einer physiologischen urfunde des<br />
Aristoteles über den Traum, den Philosophen und Aertzen gewidmet.<br />
Coblenz: bei Jacob Hölscher (Gedruckt bei C. F. Thormann in Bonn),<br />
1826.<br />
8vo, pp. x 117 [1].<br />
225 x 145mm, untrimmed. Moderate foxing.<br />
Binding: Recent half calf, original plain upper wrapper bound in.<br />
Provenance: Edgar Goldschmid (1881–1957), pathologist and medical<br />
historian with his book label inside original front wrapper.<br />
First edition. Garrison–Morton 1456; Norman 1567; Horblit, One<br />
Hundred <strong>Books</strong> Famous in Science 76.<br />
‘Müller’s second book... is still of interest. In it he showed that the sensory<br />
system of the eye not only reacts to external optical stimuli but also can be
excited by interior stimuli arising from organic malfunction, lingering mental<br />
images, or the play of the imagination. He himself found it easy to make<br />
luminous images of people and things appear suddenly, move about, and<br />
disappear whenever he closed his eyes and concentrated on his darkened Weld<br />
of vision... Müller demonstratred that optical perceptions can arise without an<br />
adequate external stimulus... the result – depending on the situation – is the<br />
reporting of religious or magical visions, or the seeing of ghosts.’ (Johannes<br />
Steudel, DSB 9: 570a)<br />
Steudel is clear that this was Müller’s second work, conWrmed by the preface<br />
dated September 1826, while the preface of Zur vergleichenden Physiologie (see<br />
above) was dated Autumn 1825. However, Albert, Norton and Huertes place<br />
it Wrst; perhaps also assuming that it came Wrst. It was included in Horblit’s<br />
list, rather than the earlier work which introduced the concept of speciWc<br />
nerve energies.<br />
This copy is from the collection of Pagel’s contemporary, Edgar Goldschmid,<br />
whose collection on the evolution of anatomical illustration was purchased<br />
by the university of Wisconsin, Madison in 1958.<br />
140<br />
MÜLLER, Johannes Peter (1801–1858)<br />
Über ein eigenthümliches, dem Nervus sympathicus analoges<br />
Nervensystem der Eingeweide bei den Insecten.<br />
Nuremberg, 1827.<br />
4to, pp. 38.<br />
3 engraved plates by W. Engels after the author numbered VII–XIX.<br />
261 x 203mm. Text foxed, plates browned. Vertical creases in the pages.<br />
Binding: Original thin blue glazed boards. Spine frayed, creased vertically.<br />
Provenance: Signed presentation inscription from the author to Dr J.<br />
H. Weber (1795–1878) on pastedown.<br />
OVprint from Nova acta physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-<br />
Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum, 14 (1827) 73–108 and pls VII–XIX,<br />
repaginated with the original pagination printed in parentheses.<br />
An early neurological paper, a Weld to which Müller was to make major<br />
contributions, in particular his famous conWrmation of the Bell–Magendie<br />
law in 1831.<br />
This copy was presented to Ernst Heinrich Weber (1795–1878), professor<br />
of anatomy and physiology at Leipzig and the founder of experimental<br />
psychology.<br />
141<br />
MÜLLER, Johannes Peter (1801–1858)<br />
Bildungsgeschichte der Genitalien aus anatomischen<br />
untersuchungen an Embryonen des Menschen und der Thiere, nebst<br />
eniem Anhang über die chirurgische Behandlung der Hypospadia.<br />
Düsseldorf: bei Arnz, 1830.
4to, pp. xviii 152.<br />
4 engraved plates highlighted with coloured washes, signed ‘Dr Müller<br />
ad nat. del.’ and numbered Tab I–IV (bound at end).<br />
260 x 205mm. Intermittent foxing; plates discoloured.<br />
Binding: Later nineteenthcentury cloth backed boards. Corners worn.<br />
Provenance: Mathias Duval (1844–1907) with his address label on<br />
upper board and pastedown.<br />
First edition.<br />
‘In his Bildungsgeschichte der Genitalien he clariWed the very complicated<br />
relationships between the initial form of the kidneys and their ducts, on<br />
the one hand, and the sexual organs, on the other. He discovered that the<br />
embryonic duct (described by Heinrich Rathke) now called “Müller’s duct”<br />
forms the Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina: only rudiments of it are found<br />
in the male.’ (Johannes Steudel, DSB 9:570b.)<br />
This monograph traces the development of the Müllerian ducts into the<br />
female organs, their development being inhibited in the male. The discovery<br />
of the ducts was Wrst reported by Müller in a journal article in 1825 (see<br />
Garrison–Morton 475).<br />
This copy has an important provenance, having belonged to Mathias<br />
Duval (1844–1907) one of the pioneers of placental histology and author of<br />
Le placenta des rongeurs (1890–1892).<br />
142<br />
MÜLLER, Johannes Peter (1801–1858)<br />
Ueber den Bau und die Grenzen der Ganoiden und über das<br />
natürliche System der Fische.<br />
Berlin, 1846.<br />
8vo, pp. 91–141.<br />
210 x 125mm. Light browning.<br />
Binding: Recent quarter morocco, original plain front wrapper<br />
preserved.<br />
Provenance: Presentation inscription on on wrapper and a 5line<br />
note addressed to ‘Dr Ludwig’ in the author’s hand (Carl Friedrich<br />
Wilhelm Ludwig, 1816–1895), and 5 corrections in the text (one<br />
slightly cropped); Art Nouveau bookplate of Charles Atwood.<br />
Extract from Archiv für Naturgeschichte 11(1845), 91–141.<br />
From the 1830’s Müller had worked on zoological classiWcation and from about<br />
1840 he devoted most of his time to comparative anatomy and zoology.<br />
This journal extract was sent by the author, so presumably there was no<br />
oVprint. The recipient was Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (1816–1895),<br />
appointed associate professor at Marburg in the following year. George Rosen<br />
describes Ludwig as one of ‘that remarkable group of German physiologists<br />
and teachers who in the latter half of the nineteenth century created modern<br />
physiology’ (DSB 8:541b).
143<br />
MYLIuS, Johann Daniel (b. 1585 or 6)<br />
Tractatus III. Seu Basilica philosophica continens lib. III. 1.<br />
Horum prior continet philosophorum ac sapientum antiquorum<br />
consilia super lapidem philosophorum seu medicinam universalem. 2.<br />
Liber describit chymicorum vasa & fornaces. 3. Liber explicat quaedam<br />
philosophorum obscura.<br />
Frankfurt: apud lucam Iennis, 1618.<br />
4to: );( 4 3a–3k4 3A–4L4 ; a–e4 f2 ; 202 leaves, pp. [88] 272; 44.<br />
Allegorical engraving on title, full page engraved diagram on );(4v and<br />
12 engravings in the text, mostly full page; woodcut diagrams.<br />
16 engraved plates, the Wrst three folding. The Wrst plate (bound in the<br />
prelims) is titled ‘In praefationem tertiam Basilicae Philosophicae’ and<br />
signed M. Merian fecit’; two more folding plates (following p. 192)<br />
and 3 doublepage plates (bound as single leaves after p. 272) are of<br />
chemical apparatus in series with the engravings printed on the text<br />
leaves; each of the Wnal suite of plates, numbered 1–10, contains 16<br />
circular allegorical images with surrounding text.<br />
[bound with:]<br />
Operis medicochymici continens tres tractatus sive Basilicas...<br />
Index geminus luculentissimus.<br />
Frankfurt: prostant apud Lucam Iennisium, 1630<br />
4to: A–M4 , N2 (–N2, blank), 48 or 49 leaves, unpaginated.<br />
190 x 146mm. First folding plate soiled and frayed in the upper margin,<br />
engraving on p. 195 shaved; worm tracks in a few outer margins of text<br />
leaves; text browned and foxed, but plates largely unaVected.<br />
Binding: Seventeenthcentury mottled calf, perhaps English, sometime<br />
rebacked, nineteenthcentury writing exercises used as pastedowns, no<br />
free endleaves.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary signature on title, cropped, and illegible.<br />
Walter Pagel’s name in capitals in his hand on pastedown.<br />
First edition of the third part only of the three parts of Opus medicochymicum<br />
(1618), together with the index to all three parts published<br />
in 1630. Krivatsy 8235; Wellcome 4498; VD17 14:647009G.<br />
This is the alchemical volume from Mylius Wrst work, a large treatise on<br />
various aspects of chemical medicine.<br />
‘In 1616, while still a candidate for the medical degree, Johann Daniel<br />
Mylius had published the Iatrochymicus of Duncan Burnet. Two years later<br />
a MedicalChemical Work of his own appeared in three parts or Basilcae,<br />
a designation probably suggested by Croll’s Basilica chemica. The Wrst of<br />
these, called Basilica medica, was Hippocratic and divided into three books<br />
on physiology, pathology and therapeutic. The second or Basilica chymica<br />
contained seven books, of which three were on metals, the others on gems,<br />
minerals, vegetables and animals respectively. The three books of the third
Basilica philosophica were alchemical, dealing<br />
with the philosopher’s stone or universal<br />
medicine, with vessels and furnaces, and with<br />
obscure passages in the “philosophers”, i.e.,<br />
alchemical writers.’ (Thorndike.)<br />
The magniWcent folding plate by Matthäus<br />
Merian, the elder (1593–1650) serves as a frontispiece.<br />
It is ‘a striking symbolical representation<br />
of the analogy of the alchemical microcosm to<br />
the macrocosm,’ a pictorial representation of<br />
the place of alchemy in the universe (Read pp.<br />
83–4 giving a detailed analysis of the image).<br />
Another 17 engravings (12 printed on text<br />
leaves, 5 on inserted leaves) are of chemical<br />
furnaces, stills, glassware and other apparatus.<br />
There is at the end a series of 10 plates containing<br />
a total of 160 allegorical images.<br />
The Wrst part of Mylius’ Opus medicochymicum<br />
is dated 1618, the second 1618 or<br />
1620 and this third part, Tractatus III, 1618.<br />
In the Young, Duveen and Neville collections<br />
there are copies of parts 1 and 2 (1618 issue or<br />
edition) without part 3 (Ferguson II, pp. 120–<br />
121; Duveen pp.419–20; Neville II, p. 207). It<br />
seems likely therefore that Tractatus III, though<br />
dated 1618 was in fact issued later, perhaps with the index volume dated 1630,<br />
as in the present copy and the identical volume in the Wellcome Library<br />
(4498/B/3). The 10 allegorical plates, found in the present copy and in the<br />
Wellcome copy, are not always present in copies of Tractatus III.<br />
Thorndike, VII, p. 177; John Read, Prelude to Chemistry (1936) pp. 83–84.<br />
144<br />
MYLIuS, Johann Daniel (b. 1585 or 6)<br />
Philosophia reformata continens libros binos.<br />
Frankfurt: apud Lucam Jennis, 1622.<br />
4to: a 4 b 4 (–b4) c–e 4 A–2Y 4 2Z 2 3A–4Z 4 5A 4 (blank 5A4), 389 leaves, pp.<br />
[38] 703 [37] (last 2 pages blank). Title within an engraved border signed<br />
Baltzer Schenan fecit, 17 engravings in the text, of which 15 are made up<br />
of 4 images each, and a threequarter page image on p. 316 is repeated on<br />
the titlepage to Lib II on p. 365 (the pagination is continuous).<br />
203 x 155mm. Headlines and shoulder notes shaved; small holes in title<br />
without signiWcant loss; worm tracks in the margins of B2, C2, D2, E2,<br />
M4, O2 and Q4 aVecting shoulder notes and engravings on several leaves;<br />
abrasions on K2 and 2A3 with some loss of text and aVecting engraving;<br />
browned throughout, heavily in Lib I. Despite the faults a good copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary calf, red and brown mottled page edges.<br />
Rebacked and corners repaired.
Provenance: Nine word annotation on p. 252 and a few pointing Wsts<br />
and ‘nota’ in the margins; inscription on endleaf in German signed<br />
‘Inoford Heym’ and dated London 13x[19]38; inscription ‘Comprato<br />
per dieci 1862’ on Wnal blank.<br />
First edition. Ferguson cites a 1638 edition but I cannot locate any<br />
copies. Duveen p. 420; Neu 2900.<br />
‘The chief interest of this portentous publication lies in its illustrations; in<br />
this respect, as in others, the alchemical productions of Mylius are closely<br />
similar to those of his contemporary, Maier’ (Read, p. 261). These famous<br />
metaphorical illustrations, ‘hiding what is manifest and revealing what is hid’<br />
(p. 97, Thorndike’s translation) all relate to the Wrst part of the book, dealing<br />
with the generation of the metals in the bowels of the earth, the twelve signs<br />
of the wise philosophers, and the theory and practice of the divine art.<br />
The plates were used again in the compilation of alchemical engravings<br />
from various sources with new epigrams composed by Daniel Stoltzius von<br />
Stolzenberg published by Jennisius as Viridarium Chymicum, (Frankfurt,<br />
1624).<br />
Thorndike VII, pp. 177–8; John Read, Prelude to Chemistry (1936), pp. 260–266;<br />
Adam McLean, The alchemical engravings of Mylius: with the text of part four of the<br />
Wrst book of the Philosophia Reformata of J.D. Mylius (Edinburgh, 1984).<br />
145<br />
NEEDHAM, Walter (1631?–1691?)<br />
Disquisitio anatomica de formato foetu.<br />
London: typis Gulielmi Godbid, prostantq[ue] venales apud Radulphum<br />
Needham, ad insigne Campanae, in vico vulgo vocato Little-St.<br />
Bartholomews, 1667.<br />
8vo: A8 a4 B–P8 (blank O8), 124 leaves, pp. [24] 205 [19] (including<br />
the blank).<br />
7 engraved plates, numbered Tab. 1–7 (bound as foldouts at the end).<br />
157 x 105mm. Title a little dustsoiled, rust hole in L7 touching a<br />
couple of letters, a Wne fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary blind ruled mottled calf. Spine crudely<br />
repaired, corners worn.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary signature ‘Rob: Powell Q.C.’.<br />
First edition. Wing N411; ESTC R14283; Fulton, Boyle 267; Garrison–<br />
Morton M 467.2.<br />
‘Founding work of developmental chemical embryology, the Wrst book to<br />
report chemical experiments on the developing mammalian embryo, and<br />
the Wrst to give practical instructions on dissection of embryos. Needham<br />
was also the Wrst to describe the solid bodies in the amniotic Xuid, and<br />
to give a comparative account of the secondary apparatus of generation’<br />
(Garrison–Morton).<br />
Dedicated to Robert Boyle.
146<br />
NEWTON, Isaac (1642–1727)<br />
Optices libri tres accedunt eiusdem Lectiones opticae, et opuscula<br />
omnia ad lucem & colores pertinentia sumpta ex Transactionibus<br />
Philosophicis. Editio altera Patavina.<br />
Padua: typis Seminarii... apud Joannem Manfrè, 1773.<br />
4to: a8 (a8+1) A–K8 L4 ; c2 2A–G8 ; 2H–N8 (+/–N1) (blanks L4 and<br />
2G8), 199 leaves, pp. viii–xx 166 [2, blank]; [4] 110 [2, blank]; 93<br />
[1, blank]. Printed titlepage in red and black with woodcut device,<br />
woodcut headpieces and initials. Divisional titles to Lectiones opticae<br />
and ‘Appendix’. The Wnal leaf in the prelims, pp. xix/xx is a singleton,<br />
here bound before a8 (pp. xvii/xviii).<br />
42 engraved plates: numbered [Optices] Lib.I. Par. I. Tab. I–V; Par.<br />
II. Tab. I–IV; Lib. II. Tab. I–II; Lib. III. Tab. I. [Lectiones opticae]<br />
Tav. I–XXVIII. [Appendix] Tav. I–II. (Bound as throwouts at the end<br />
of each section).<br />
234 x 175mm. A good clean and fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, multiple worm holes in boards<br />
and endleaves.<br />
Provenance: Gregorio Graziati, with an Italian inscription recording<br />
that he received the book as the prize for Rhetoric at a school in<br />
Padua in 1797 but died on 5 July 1798; the inscription was written by<br />
the Carmelite brother Agostino [illegible] nine days later (inscription<br />
damaged by a later bookplate, now removed).<br />
Third collected edition of Newton’s optical writings in Latin: Optice,<br />
Lectiones opticae, and ‘Appendix’ containing the sixteen optical papers<br />
from the Philosophical transactions. This edition was Wrst printed at<br />
Padua in 1749 and reprinted at Graz in 1765. Wallis 185; not in Babson.<br />
147<br />
NOCETI, Carlo (1694–1759); BOŠCOVIĆ, Rudjer Josip (1711–1787).<br />
De iride et aurora boreali, carmina... cum notis Josephi <strong>Roger</strong>ii<br />
Boscovich.<br />
Rome: Ex typographia Palladis, excudebant Nicolaus et Marcus Palearini,<br />
1747.<br />
4to: a 6 A–Q 4 (cancel K3), 70 leaves, pp. [12] 127 [1]. Woodcut device<br />
on title, woodcut head and tailpieces and initials.<br />
2 engraved plates of diagrams, numbered Tab I–II (bound as throwouts<br />
at pp. 48 and at the end).<br />
224 x 165mm. Worm holes in inner margin, well away from the text<br />
and images.<br />
Binding: Contemporary sprinkled sheep, gilt spine, sprinkled paper<br />
pastedowns, red and yellow mottled page edges, old paper shelf labels<br />
on spine. Worming in upper joint, worn but a nice copy.
Provenance: Early annotations in French, mostly in pencil but a longer<br />
annotation in ink on p. 93 on a pasted in strip of paper.<br />
First edition. An Italian translation was published in 1753. Sommervogel<br />
V, col. 1784, no. 1; Riccardi I, i, col. 175, no. 29.<br />
Two didactic poems, the Wrst on the rainbow, the second on the aurora<br />
borealis, each followed by a long scientiWc commentary by Bošcović (pp. 19–<br />
48 and 89–127). Bošcović’s own work, De aurora boreali had been published<br />
at Rome in 1738.<br />
148<br />
PARACELSuS (1493–1541)<br />
Philosophia mystica: Darinn begriVen EilV unterschidene<br />
TheologicoPhilosophische, doch teutsche Tractätlein, zum theil auß<br />
Theophrasti Paracelsi, zum theil auch M. Valentini Weigelii,... bißhero<br />
verborgenen manuscriptis der Theosophischen Warheit liebhabern; An<br />
itzo in zweyen Theilen... in oVenen Truck gegeben.<br />
Frankfurt: Gedtruckt zur Newstadt und zu Wnden bey Lucas Jenes [sic,<br />
corrected in MS to Jennis], Buchhändler, 1618.<br />
4to: A–2L4 , 136 leaves, pp. 272. Woodcut illustration on p. 228,<br />
typographic chart on p. 240. Woodcut head and tailpieces.<br />
194 x 151mm. Moderate browning and staining.<br />
Binding: Nineteenthcentury marbled boards, spine frayed, no free<br />
endleaves.<br />
Provenance: About 45 words of annotation in an early, perhaps<br />
contemporary hand, and a few words of later annotation; underlining<br />
and NBs in the margins. Ownership inscription on front pastedown<br />
dated 1788 of Carl Adolf Boheman (1764–1831), Swedish mystic;<br />
and signature of Achatius Kahl (1794–1888) of Lund, theologian and<br />
translator of Swedenborg; bookseller’s stamp on rear pastedown of C.<br />
Nilson, Quidling Antiqvariat, Lund. A bookplate has been removed<br />
from pastedown. Walter Pagel’s pencil signature on pastedown.<br />
First edition, VD17’s variant A (see below). SudhoV 306; Ferguson,<br />
Paracelsus, pp. 37–38; VD17 3:604297L, variant A.<br />
An important collection of theological works by Paracelsus and two of the<br />
Wgures most closely associated with the development of Paracelsianism in the<br />
early seventeenth century, Adam Haselmayr and Valentin Weigel (1533–1588).<br />
‘What Paracelsus was aiming at with his theological writings was not to<br />
establish a new sect, but on the contrary to try and deny all religious parties<br />
combating [with] each other [for] the very reason to exist, since he strove for<br />
a church of the spirit, subject only to God and nature.’ (Gilly.)<br />
The book is divided into two parts, 4 tracts attributed to Paracelsus and one<br />
other in part 1; 5 attributed to Weigel and one other in part 2. These are listed in<br />
the prelims as follows: part 1, Paracelsus, ‘De poenitentii’; ‘Astronomia Olympi<br />
novi’; ‘Theologia Cabalistica de perfecto homine in Christo Iesu, & contra’;<br />
and ‘Commentarius in Danielem Prophetam’; followed by ‘Das Leben und
Lehrpuncten dess Einsiedlers Bruder Nicolai im Schweitzerlandt’. Part 2,<br />
Weigel, ‘Eynführung in teutsche theologiam’; ‘Scholasterium Christianum’;<br />
‘Vom Himlischen Jerusalem’; ‘Betrachtung von Leben Christi’; ‘Das Gott<br />
allein gut sey’; followed by ‘Introductio hominis, oder kurtze anlietung zu<br />
eim Christlichen Leben, authoris anonoymi’.<br />
The authorship of ‘Astronomia Olympi novi’, and ‘Theologia Cabalistica’,<br />
Wrmly attributed to Paracelsus in the text, is attributed to Adam Haselmayr by<br />
Gilly who states that ‘The pseudonymous publisher Huldrich Bachmeister<br />
[sic] of Regenbrunn, alias Johannes Siebmacher of Nuremberg, obviously<br />
took these two works for works by Paracelsus.’ The appendix is signed ‘Huldrich<br />
Bachsmeier von Regenbrun’. Haselmayr’s authorship is conWrmed by the<br />
printing variant of sig. F designated variant B by VD17. In variant A, as in<br />
the present copy, p. 47 has ‘Praemonitio ad Lectorem’ where variant B has<br />
‘Vermahnung an den ChristeiVerigen glaubigen Leser’. A copy oVered by<br />
Krown and Spellman had the title printed in red and black where the titlepage<br />
of the present copy is in black only (www.krownspellman.com, accessed<br />
30/12/09).<br />
Carlos Gilly,‘“Theophrastia Sancta” Paracelsianism as a religion in conXict with the<br />
established churches’, Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica (www.Ritmanlibrary.nl).<br />
149<br />
PARACELSuS (1493–1541)<br />
Paracelsus of the chymical transmutation, genealogy and generation<br />
of metals & minerals. Also, of the urim and thummim of the<br />
Jews. With an appendix, of the vertues and use of an excellent water<br />
made by Dr. Trigge. The second part of the mumial treatise. Whereunto<br />
is added philosophical and chymical experiments of that famous philosopher<br />
Raymund Lully; containing, the right and due composition of<br />
both elixirs. The admirable and perfect way of making the great stone<br />
of the philosophers, as it was truely taught in Paris, and sometimes<br />
practised in England, by the said Raymund Lully, in the time of King<br />
Edw. 3. Translated into English by R. Turner philomathes [Greek].<br />
London: printed for Rich: Moon at the seven Stars, and Hen: Fletcher at<br />
the three gilt Cups in Paul’s Church-yard, 1657.<br />
8vo: A4 B–L8 M4 (blank M4), 88 leaves, pp. [8] 166 [2] including the<br />
blank. Title within a border of Xeurons. Separate title to ‘Philosophical<br />
and chymical experiments’ with imprint ‘London, printed by James<br />
Cottrel, 1657’ on H1.<br />
165 x 100mm. Page edges worn; a few unimportant stains and tiny<br />
worm tracks, but a good clean and fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary blind ruled sheep. Resewn and recased, new<br />
endleaves, boards warped.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary signature ‘P. Stanley’ on title (twice) and<br />
p. 1 and pen trials on Wnal blank page.<br />
First edition in English. SudhoV 379; Ferguson, Paracelsus ii, pp. 44–5;<br />
Wing B3543; ESTC R208833; Wellcome IV, p. 293; Krivatsy 8576;<br />
Duveen p. 454; Pritchard p. 390.
‘A rare and curious collection: it is unexpected to Wnd such a mélange with<br />
the advertisement for Dr. Trigge’s Water in the middle. The translator, Robert<br />
Turner was a wellknown astrologer and botanist who translated several occult<br />
works as well as issuing The British Physician which was chieXy devoted to the<br />
medicinal virtues of various herbs. He dedicated the present work to William<br />
Backhouse (1593–1662) who devoted his time to the study of occult sciences<br />
and became renowned as an alchemist, rosicrucian and astrologer and who<br />
gave great encouragement to those addicted to similar pursuits and especially<br />
to Elias Ashmole whom he adopted as his son and to whom he imparted all<br />
his secrets.’ (Duveen.)<br />
Only a small portion of Paracelsus’ voluminous writings was translated into<br />
English, his translators, John Hester, John Howell, John French, ‘W.D’, H.<br />
Pinnell and Robert Turner being considered by Ferguson as among his few<br />
English disciples. But Ferguson warns that ‘the student... will have to exercise<br />
patience, considerable patience, before he can become the gratiWed possessor<br />
of the little volumes. They are all extremely rare and some of them seem quite<br />
unattainable. There are, indeed, not many books of the seventeenth century<br />
so diYcult to lay hands on as the translations of Paracelsus’. (Ferguson,<br />
Bibliographia Paracelsica pt. iii, p. 32.)<br />
150<br />
PECQuET, Jean (1622–1674)<br />
Experimenta nova anatomica, quibus incognitum hactenus chyli<br />
receptaculum, & ab eo per thoracem in ramos usque subclavios vasa<br />
lactea deteguntur. Dissertatio anatomica de circulatione sanguinis<br />
et chyli motu. Huic secundae editioni, quae emendata est, illustrata,<br />
aucta, accessit De thoracicis lacteis dissertatio, in qua Io. Riolani<br />
responsio ad eadem Experimenta nova anatomica refutatur; & inventis<br />
recentibus canalis Virsungici demonstrantur usus; & lacteum ad<br />
mammas à receptaculo iter indigitatur.<br />
Paris: ex oYcina Cramoisinana, 1654.<br />
4to: ã4 e˜ 4 A–2I4 (–2I4, blank), 135 of 136 leaves, pp. [16] 252 [2].<br />
Errata and Privilège on 2I3. Typographic headpieces and woodcut<br />
initials. Full page engraving on p. 21 and 5 smaller engravings on pp.<br />
51, 60, 64 and 68.<br />
197 x 152mm. Waterstains in fore margins, several gatherings lightly<br />
browned,<br />
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum. Worn and soiled.<br />
Provenance: Ownership inscription on front pastedown ‘Petrus Vivien,<br />
Mtr chirurgus Parisiis Insatus 1680. 20. Mart.’ and about 500 words<br />
of marginal annotation apparently in his hand. Later signature on title,<br />
undeciphered, begins ‘Ga...’.<br />
Second, enlarged edition (Wrst Paris, Cramoisy 1651, reprinted at Harderwijk<br />
in the same year). This second edition was reprinted at Amsterdam<br />
in 1661 (reissued in 1700). An English translation was published in<br />
1653. Wellcome IV, p. 326; Krivatsy 8759; Heirs of Hippocrates 544.
Inspired by Harvey, Pecquet discovered the thoracic duct in dogs and its<br />
relation to the lacteal vessels (Garrison–Morton 1095). Almost simultaneously<br />
the thoracic duct was discovered by Rudbeck in Sweden and Bartholin in<br />
Denmark, but Pecquet’s work was published Wrst. The three works are treated<br />
together in the Grolier, One Hundred <strong>Books</strong> Famous in Medicine where Michael<br />
T. Ryan writes: ‘Whether Pecquet or Rudbeck Wrst identiWed the thoracic<br />
duct, or whether Bartholin or Rudbeck Wrst described the lymphatic system,<br />
is Wnally less important than the testimony these disputes over priority give<br />
to the broader consensus across Europe as to the nature and direction of<br />
anatomical and physiological research after Harvey’.<br />
In this second edition Pecquet replied to one of his Wercest critics, Jean<br />
Riolan, who was also the one opponent to have provoked Harvey into a<br />
response. There are also several letters in support of Pecquet, in addition to<br />
those published in the Wrst edition.<br />
Pecquet secures his position with new experiments designed to counter<br />
Riolan’s criticisms, described in ‘De thoracicis lacteis dissertatio’ (pp. 101–<br />
138) and replies point by point to Riolans attack on the 1651 work in ‘Brevis<br />
destructio, sive litura responsionis Riolani ad Experimenta Nova Anatomica’<br />
(pp. 181–246).<br />
The engravings are printed from the plates used by Sebastian and Gabriel<br />
Cramoisy for the Wrst edition published three years earlier.<br />
This is a rather worn and soiled copy, but fascinating for the fact that it is<br />
the new experiments reported in this edition that were most closely studied<br />
by a former owner who acquired the book in 1680, one Pierre Vivien, a<br />
Parisian surgeon. His neat marginal notes summarising the text appear on<br />
many pages of ‘De thoracis lacteis dissertatio’ while the rest of the book is<br />
more lightly annotated.<br />
For the Wrst edition see Garrison–Morton 1095; Grolier, One Hundred <strong>Books</strong><br />
Famous in Medicine (1995), no. 28, pp. 109–10.<br />
151<br />
PERNETY, AntoineJoseph (17161801)<br />
Dictionnaire mythohermétique, dans lequel on trouve les<br />
allégories fabuleuses des poetes, les métaphores, les énigmes et les<br />
termes barbares des philosophes hermétiques expliqués.<br />
Paris: chez Delalain l’aîné, 1787.<br />
8vo: a8 b4 A–2L8 2M2 , 286 leaves, pp. xxiv 546 [2]. Woodcut<br />
headpieces by Huault on pp. v and 1 and a tailpiece on p. xxiv.<br />
167 x 105mm. Light foxing and browning.<br />
Binding: Contemporary quarter roan over pastepaper boards, vellum<br />
tips. Spine ends chipped, joints cracked, spine very worn.<br />
Provenance: Owner’s or library stamp on title and upper board,<br />
illegible.<br />
Second edition (Wrst 1758). Wellcome IV, p. 338; Blake p. 344.<br />
‘The Dictionnaire... professes to give explanations of all the curious words<br />
used by Paracelsus and other writers, and what is perhaps still more useful
to readers of Hermetic books, the explanation of the synonyms and common<br />
words used in a peculiar way found in these books... But after all one does not<br />
feel the diYculties of the Hermetic writers much diminished by the author’s<br />
explanations’. (Ferguson, ii, p. 182, with a long account of the author’s life<br />
and work.)<br />
152<br />
PETTuS, John, Sir (1613–1690)<br />
Fodinae regales. Or the history, laws and places of the chief mines<br />
and mineral works in England, Wales, and the English pale in Ireland.<br />
As also of the mint and mony. With a clavis explaining some diYcult<br />
words relating to mines, &c.<br />
London: printed by H[enry]. L[loyd]. and R[obert]. B[attersby]. For<br />
Thomas Basset, 1670.<br />
Folio: p2 (–p1 blank) A–2I2 , 65 of 66 leaves, pp. [14] 108 [8] (errata on<br />
last leaf, verso blank). Woodcut headpieces and initials, two circular<br />
engraved coats of arms (dia. 124mm) printed on pp. 22 and 23, the<br />
latter with a printed slip pasted beneath it, ‘This Coat is blazoned in<br />
Page 24, and the other Coat in Page 23. above it.’<br />
3 engraved plates: portrait frontispiece signed ‘W. Sherwin ad vivum<br />
facibat’ and two plates with letterpress captions on the versos (folded<br />
in; bound at p. 34 as directed on the plates).<br />
287 x 175mm. Occasional foxing and waterstains on a few leaves;<br />
worm tracks in blank upper outer corners; plates at p. 34 soiled and<br />
frayed in the outer margins, the Wrst with slight loss and a clean tear<br />
reparied.<br />
Binding: Early nineteenthcentury polished calf, elaborately blindtooled<br />
sides and spine. Joints and corners worn.<br />
Provenance: Inscription on title ‘Jacobi Chase ex dono ingeniosi [?]<br />
authoris’, the word ‘ingeniosi’ and the following word inked out.<br />
First edition. The Wrst part was reprinted in duodecimo in 1706. Wing<br />
P1908; ESTC R190; Hoover 634; Duveen p. 468; Goldsmiths’–Kress<br />
1930.<br />
The standard seventeenthcentury English treatise on mining. Besides the<br />
abstracts of legal documents and acts, it contains considerable technical<br />
information on mining, metallurgy and coinage. Pettus writes of the vast<br />
range of metals and chemical products obtained from the mines. ‘In short’, he<br />
says ‘From these Metals and Minerals digged out of the Subterranean world,<br />
may be studied the greatest part of NATuRE, all Arts imployed, Labours<br />
encouraged, and the chiefest Sciences demonstrated’. For further reading,<br />
Pettus recommends Pliny, Ercker (whose work he was to publish in English<br />
in 1683), Agricola, Jean d’Espagnet and Basilius Valentinus. For the better<br />
understanding of these authors he says he is preparing ‘a Dictionary of such<br />
words as concern the Metallick and Chemick Arts with their Interpretations;<br />
a Specimen whereof is at the end of the Book’ (C2r). For Pettus the art of<br />
metals was wholly a matter of chemistry, but though the translation of Ercker
is included in the standard chemical bibliographies of Cole, Duveen, Ferguson<br />
and Neu, only Duveen lists Fodinae regales.<br />
Knighted by Charles I in 1641, Pettus was captured and imprisoned by<br />
Cromwell in 1651. In 1655 he petitioned the Protector, expressing his Wdelity<br />
to the government, and was rewarded with the deputy governorship of the<br />
Royal Mines in 1655, a post he kept for more than 35 years. The title of his<br />
translation of Ercker, Fleta minor refers to his imprisonment for debt in the<br />
Fleet prison while he was working on it.<br />
153<br />
PLATTER, Felix (1536–1614)<br />
De corporis humani structura et usu libri III. Tabulis methodicè<br />
explicati, iconibus accuratè illustrati. Qui libri cùm operi practico<br />
recens ab eodem autore edito plurimùm inserviant, denuò sunt<br />
publicati.<br />
Basle: apud Ludovicum König, 1603.<br />
Folio: a4 A–2B4 (–2B4); c2, [1–12] 4 [13] 2 , 155 of 156 leaves, pp. [8]<br />
197 [1]; V. [2] 50. The second part has a titlepage, ‘Liber tertius.<br />
Corporis humani partium pericones delineatarum explicatio’ dated<br />
1603 followed by a leaf of text and the 50 unsigned leaves with full<br />
page plates on rectos numbered 1–50 with letterpress explanations on<br />
verso of preceding leaves, the verso of f. 50 blank.<br />
305 x 205mm, untrimmed. Worm hole in Wrst title aVecting a couple<br />
of letters; fairly heavy browning and foxing, water stains on a few<br />
leaves, the browning somewhat lighter in the second part (with the<br />
engraved illustrations) though these leaves are soiled in the margins<br />
and there is some waterstaining towards the end.<br />
Binding: French vellum backed marbled boards with printer’s waste<br />
from Meynet, Notice Notice historique des tableaux qui se trouvent au<br />
Musée d’Avignon (Avignon, 1802) used as endleaves.<br />
First edition, second issue with cancelled preliminary leaves (Wrst issue<br />
1583). Krivatsy 9069; Manchester 1914.<br />
An important anatomy, printed by Froben in Basel, where Vesalius, De humani<br />
corporis fabrica, was Wrst printed in 1543. But unlike the Vesalius illustrations<br />
which are in woodcut, Platter’s illustrations, derived from Vesalius with<br />
additions and improvements, are etchings. This was the Wrst time that etching<br />
had been used for medical illustration’ (Herlinger p. 130). ‘The engravings are<br />
drawn in a free and spirited manner. The bones and muscles are the best after<br />
the manner of the contemporaneous Swiss painters, Christoph Maurer and<br />
Tobias Stimmer. The etching was done perhaps by Abel Stimmer [brother of<br />
Tobias]’ (Choulant p. 216: the attribution to Stimmer is generally accepted,<br />
if not for all the plates).<br />
Among the original illustrations is the Wrst printed illustration of a female<br />
skeleton (pl. 2); this was copied by Bauhin in 1605, and the signiWcance of<br />
this illustration can perhaps be appreciated by the fact that the next original<br />
female skeleton was in MonroSue (1759) and the next Soemmering’s 1797
plate. Another important plate which is more often reproduced is the one<br />
of a child’s skeleton holding cupid’s arrow (pl. 3) – an original illustration<br />
but following Coïter’s example of a child skeleton. Apart from these original<br />
illustrations, most of the others are after Vesalius, but one is after Coïter, and<br />
Haller thought that some of the Wgures were the results of Platter’s personal<br />
investigations (Choulant p. 216). Herlinger reproduces the Wgure of the base<br />
of the skull beside the Vesalius Wgure, and suggests that some details were<br />
added from Coïter’s illustration and notes that ‘several anatomical details<br />
suggest that the artist must have had a skull before him’ (p. 131).<br />
Felix Platter was born in Basle, studied at Montpellier where he knew<br />
Volcher Coïter, and returned to Basle in 1560 to become professor of medicine.<br />
He explains in his preface that he had been given the opportunity to buy the<br />
Vesalius woodblocks, last used in 1555 and evidently still in Basle, but declined<br />
because their large size would have meant a much larger book, less convenient<br />
to students (see Cushing pp. 97–8 for a translation). Ready reference seems in<br />
fact to have been a major consideration. The text of the Wrst two books of the<br />
work is in tabular form; the third book with a separate title ‘Corporis humani<br />
partium per icones delineatarum explicatio’ contains the 50 plates, many with<br />
several Wgures on each plate and Platter suggests that this section could be<br />
bound separately for greater convenience. ‘Moreover, he has been careful to<br />
place the explanatory legend for each illustrated plate on the [facing] page –<br />
and this is indeed a milestone in the history of medical illustration (Herlinger<br />
p. 130).<br />
The copy. Though browned and soiled this copy is interesting for being<br />
entirely untrimmed. The impressions of the plates are mixed, some quite<br />
strong and black, others rather weak.<br />
Bibliographical note. Cushing gives the Wrst gathering as * 4 : here it is a 4 ($2<br />
signed), suggesting that the whole of the Wrst gathering is reset from the Wrst<br />
issue, not just the titleleaf as Cushing has it. The two preliminary leaves of the<br />
second part are conjugate and probably also both reset (Cushing omits the<br />
second leaf from his collation for both issues). The Wnal leaf of the Wrst part<br />
(<strong>Books</strong> 1 and 2), which is not present here, where present is blank apart from<br />
Froben’s device on the verso. Although often found in the second issue (e.g.<br />
in the Manchester copy) it was presumably excised intentionally as this issue<br />
was published by König, not Froben. Some copies of the Wrst issue [and the<br />
second?] have an engraved portrait of Platter printed on the verso of the title<br />
leaf to the second part (Book 3, the plate section), otherwise blank as here.<br />
154<br />
PORTA, Giambattista della (1535–1615)<br />
De distillatione lib. IX. Quibus certa methodo, multipliciq[ue]<br />
artiWcio, penitioribus naturae arcanis detectis, cuius libet mixti in<br />
propria elementa resolutio, perfectè docetur.<br />
Rome: ex typographia Reu. Camerae Apostolicae, 1608.<br />
4to: ✠4 2✠6 A–u4 , 90 leaves, pp. [20] 154 [6]. Woodcut arms on title<br />
and printer’s device on colophon on u4v, typographic headpieces,<br />
woodcut tailpieces and initials; woodcut diagrams in the text.<br />
Dedications in Hebrew, Greek, Chaldee and Illyrian types, and in
Persian from a woodcut. Full page engraved portrait of the author on<br />
2✠1v signed ‘I. Laurus f.’.<br />
210 x 150mm. Title soiled and a little frayed in the margins; last leaf<br />
with several round wormholes aVecting a few letters; some light stains.<br />
Binding: Resewn and rebound in recent marbled boards.<br />
Provenance: Initials ‘B.F.’ in an early hand on title.<br />
First edition. Reprinted at Strasbourg in 1609; an English translation was<br />
published in 1658. Norman 1725; Duveen p. 481.<br />
Porta’s major work on distillation is his third and last treatment of the subject.<br />
The Wrst two were sections of his great Magia naturalis, Wrst published in 1561<br />
(in 4 books) and in extended form in 1589 (in 20 books). The section on<br />
distillation is further expanded for the present work (Partington p. 24). De<br />
distillatione lib. X ‘is of interest as giving a more comprehensive view of the<br />
applications of distillation in the sixteenth century than is found in any other<br />
work of the period’ (Stillman).<br />
The Wrst and longest, and the most fully illustrated, of the nine books<br />
deals with diVerent forms of stills. Porta describes various forms of distilling<br />
apparatus for various uses including the preparation of essential oils, on which<br />
Forbes says he is a very good authority having had occasion to observe the<br />
industry in Naples. Porta was the Wrst to give yields from diVerent materials.<br />
He also deals with various stills designed to produce diVerent strengths of<br />
alcohol, all with air cooled condensers; one still is heated by the sun. In the<br />
same spirit as his Physiognomonia and Phytognomonica, in one section he<br />
compares the stills and their functions with animals. Hot things require a still<br />
with a short thick neck, just as nature has given ‘angry and furious creatures’<br />
like the bear and the lion short strong necks. After this preliminary treatise on<br />
stills, the other 8 books give more speciWc details of the preparation of perfumes<br />
and the distillation of essential oils; resins; and woods; and the extraction of<br />
virtues of substances, such as aqua vita essentia, that is alcohol.<br />
The Wne author portrait by Giacomo Lauro or Iacobus Laurus (active<br />
c.1583–c.1645) shows Porta aged 64 surrounded by motifs referring to his<br />
his various studies: physiognomy, astrology, geometry, optics, fortiWcation,<br />
cryptography and distilling.<br />
Partington ii, pp. 15–25; R. J. Forbes, A short history of the art of distillation (1970)<br />
pp. 117–121 (noting this work but in fact describing the distillation section of<br />
Magia naturalis (1689); John Masxon Stillman, The Story of Early Chemistry<br />
(1924), pp. 350–51.<br />
155<br />
POWER, Henry (1623–1668)<br />
Experimental philosophy, in three books: containing new<br />
experiments [brace] microscopical, mercurial, magnetical. With<br />
some deductions, and probable hypotheses, raised from them, in<br />
avouchment and illustration of the now famous atomical hypothesis.<br />
London: printed by T. Roycroft, for John Martin, and James Allestry, at<br />
the Bell in S. Pauls Church-yard, 1664.
4to: a4 (–a1) b–c4 B–2B4 c1, 108 of 109 leaves, pp. [22 of 24], 193 (i.e.<br />
191, 185–6 omitted) [3] (errata on last leaf, verso blank). lacking<br />
the imprimatur leaf a1. Titlepages to books II (on M3) and III<br />
(on V4) dated 1663, divisional title ‘Subterraneous experiments, or,<br />
Observations about colemines’ on Z2. Small woodcuts on pp. 13 and<br />
39, full page woodcut on p. 173 and a half page woodcut on p. 175.<br />
1 folding engraved plate (bound as a throwout at the end).<br />
194 x 150mm. Titlepage soiled; light browning and staining in the<br />
upper margins throughout.<br />
Binding: Eighteenthcentury half calf over marbled boards. Rebacked<br />
and corners repaired. Plate soiled and a tear repaired on the verso.<br />
Provenance: Errata corrected in a contemporary hand. An eighteenthcentury<br />
owner, one John Ross, has experimented rather clumsily with<br />
the calligraphy of his name and written some words of shorthand and<br />
a rudimentary diagram on pp. 168–171.<br />
First edition. The imprimatur leaf, lacking in this copy, is dated 5 August<br />
1663. Wing P3099; ESTC R19395.<br />
The Wrst English work on microscopy. The Wrst and largest book is taken<br />
up with the descriptions (but only two rudimentary illustrations) of the<br />
microscopic appearance of plants, insects and anatomical structures. The<br />
second book is on ‘mercurial experiments’ that is experiments with the<br />
vacuum tube, conWrming Boyle’s work and reporting Townley’s experiments;<br />
and the third book is on magnetism. A brief appendix on experiments<br />
conducted in mines is followed by an essay on the new philosophy where<br />
he writes: ‘This is the Age wherein (methinks) Philosophy comes in with a<br />
springtide... I see how all the old Rubbish must be thrown away’ (p. 192).<br />
An early member of the Royal Society (elected in 1661), Power was thus<br />
promoting its programme of experimental reseach, both through his example<br />
and by his rhetoric.<br />
When Hooke’s Micrographia was published in the following year, its<br />
astonishing images diverted attention from Power’s work. Yet Hooke had<br />
been worried that he might have been preempted by Power. He wrote<br />
in the introduction to Micrographia: ‘After I had almost compleated these<br />
Pictures and Observations... I was inform’d that the Ingenious Physitian Dr.<br />
Henry Power had made several Microscopical Observations, which had I not<br />
afterwards, upon our interchangable viewing each other’s Papers, found that<br />
they were for the most part diVering from mine, either in the Subject it self,<br />
or in the particulars taken notice of; and that his design was only to print<br />
Observations without Pictures, I had even then suppressed what I had so far<br />
proceeded in’ (g2v).<br />
‘It was the Wrst book in English on microscopy and the Wrst in any language<br />
to describe (along with Xora and fauna) the nature of various metals as seen<br />
through a microscope. Power’s test of Boyle’s “spring of the air” hypothesis<br />
show that he understood the need for precise instruments and that he<br />
could conduct meticulously controlled experiments. Although his work on<br />
microscopy was shortly eclipsed by that of Hooke and Swammerdam, Power<br />
remains important as one who helped materially to realize the principles and<br />
set the standards of inquiry and exposition formulated by the progenitors
and charter members of the Royal Society.’ (Gordon W. O’Brien, DSB<br />
11:121b).<br />
156<br />
PRIMROSE (or PRIMEROSE), James (1600–1659)<br />
Animadversiones in Johannis Wallaei, Medicinae apud Leydenses<br />
professoris, disputationem medicam, quam pro circulatione sanguinis<br />
Harveanâ proposuit: cui addita est, eiusdem de usu lienis adversus<br />
medicos recentiores sententia.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1640.<br />
4to: A–G4 , 28 leaves, pp. 56. Printer’s device on titlepage.<br />
200 x 145mm, untrimmed. upper margin of title leaf frayed; light<br />
foxing.<br />
Binding: Recent quarter calf. ‘29’ in MS in the bottom corner of the<br />
titlepage, indicating its former position in a tract volume.<br />
Provenance: Old library stamp of Rostock universitiy on title and last<br />
page.<br />
First edition. Reprinted in Recentiorum disceptationes de motu cordis<br />
(Leiden, 1647). Keynes p. 119 (with incorrect bibliographical<br />
information, see below).<br />
The Scottish physician James Primrose, was the Wrst of Harvey’s critics<br />
to appear in print. Keynes says of him that ‘He was not only congenitally<br />
unable to accept new ideas, but had a compulsive urge to combat them in<br />
print’ (Keynes, Life of William Harvey, 1978, p. 320). His Exercitationes et<br />
animadversiones in librum G. Harveii de motu cordis et circulatione sanguinis,<br />
had appeared in London in 1630. Here he returns to the fray with an attack<br />
on Harvey’s supporter, the Leyden professor Johannes Walaeus (1604–1649),<br />
or rather the thesis of <strong>Roger</strong> Drake for which Walaeus had acted as praeses,<br />
read in 1639 and published in 1640. Primrose published three more attacks<br />
on Harveian supporters, two against Johannes Regius of utrecht in 1640; and<br />
one against Vopiscus Plemp of Louvain in 1657.<br />
This separately printed pamphlet is rare and not found in the standard<br />
medical library catalogues. Keynes, in the Appendix to his bibliography of<br />
Harvey, is in error in citing it as having been published at Leiden in 1639<br />
(Appendix, p. 119). No such edition exists. The error seems to have arisen<br />
(and is not corrected in the third edition of the bibliography, 1989) because<br />
the 1639 Leiden edition of De motu cordis (Keynes 3) published by Johannis<br />
Maire is sometimes bound with the Primrose and other pamphlets. But these<br />
additonal pamphlets were printed in 1640 (as Keynes correctly states, but<br />
he mistakenly attributes them all to Maire). It was perhaps Maire who put<br />
together the composite volumes for sale in 1640 as he reprinted the additional<br />
pamphlets, including the Primrose, to go with his reissue of the 1639 edition<br />
of De motu cordis, now under the title Recentiorum disceptationes de motu cordis,<br />
published in 1647 (Keynes 6).<br />
Although the present copy, which is untrimmed, has evidently been<br />
extracted from a bound collection of pamphlets, it was presumably not bound
with De motu cordis (1639) as it has ‘29’ written on the titlepage, indicating<br />
that it was the 29th item in a bound volume.<br />
On Walaeus see J. Schouten, ‘Johannes Walaeus (1604–1649) and his experiments<br />
on the circulation of the Blood’, Journal of Medicine and Allied Sciences 29<br />
(1974) 259–279; and Walter Pagel ‘Johannes Walaeus – conWrmation and original<br />
experimental ampliWcation of Harvey’s discovery (1641)’, in New Light on William<br />
Harvey (1976), pp. 113–135.<br />
157<br />
PROCHASKA, Jiri (1749–1820)<br />
De structura nervorum. Tractatus anatomicus tabulis aeneis<br />
illustratus.<br />
Vienna: apud Rudolphum GraeVer, 1779.<br />
8vo: 4<br />
* A–H8 I6 (–I6), 73 leaves, pp. [8] 137 [1] (errata on last page).<br />
7 engraved plates: the Wrst signed ‘Georg Prochaska. del. G. Wagner.<br />
Sc. 1779’, numbered Tab. I–VII (bound as foldouts in the text).<br />
204 x 124mm. Light browning due to the poor quality of the paper.<br />
Binding: Contemporary sandgrained green cloth, gilt spine lettering,<br />
bookseller’s ticket of J. Burns, Portman Square, London. Slightly worn.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary signature ‘A. Shaw’ on endleaf.<br />
First edition. Wellcome IV, p. 441.<br />
Prochaska’s Wrst work describing his anatomical researches on the nervous<br />
system and containing a number of new observations. His major work<br />
analyzing the function of the nervous system and introducing the concept of<br />
reXex action, for which he is best known, is the Commentatio de funtionibus<br />
systematis nervosi (1784).<br />
Vladislav Kruta, DSB 11: 158–60; Edwin Clarke and Charles Donald O’Malley,<br />
The Human Brain and Spinal Cord (1996) pp. 345–6.<br />
158<br />
PROCHASKA, Jiri (1749–1820)<br />
Adnotationum academicarum.<br />
Prague: Apud Wolfgangum Gerle, 1780–84.<br />
3 parts 8vo: A–E8 (E8+1); A–I8 (–I8); p4 A–O8 , 228 leaves, pp. 81<br />
[1blank]; 141 [1 blank]; [8] 223 [1 blank].<br />
17 engraved plates, mostly folding, numbered Tab. I, II (on one plate),<br />
I–IV; I–VII; I–V.<br />
215 x 135mm, untrimmed. Title dustsoiled, light foxing.<br />
Binding: Original yellow paper wrappers. Spine slightly frayed.<br />
First edition. An English translation was published in 1851. Wellcome IV,<br />
p. 441 (Wellcome copy lacking pt. i); Blake p. 364; Garrison–Morton<br />
1386.
‘Prochaska introduced the idea of a “sensorium commune” in the central<br />
nervous system, a consistent and comprehensive theory of reXex action’<br />
(Garrison–Morton.)<br />
‘Prochaska termed the central mechanism of the reXex the “sensorium<br />
commune” which was not related to the soul. In the absence of knowledge<br />
concerning its anatomical basis, this was necessarily vague, but there is<br />
nevertheless a degree of clarity in Prochaska’s writings not found in those of<br />
his predecessors.’ (Clarke and O’Malley p. 345.)<br />
159<br />
PuRKYNE, Jan Evangelista (1787–1869) and Gabriel VALENTIN<br />
(1810–1883)<br />
De motu vibratorio animalium vertebratorum. Observationes<br />
recentissimas.<br />
Nuremberg, 1835.<br />
4to: 4<br />
* 24 (–24 , 7 leaves, pp. 14.<br />
2 lithographed plates signed ‘Auctores ad nat. Lith. Jnst. d K. L. Ac.<br />
v. Henry & Cohen in Bonn’.<br />
286 x 220. Margins of second plate discoloured.<br />
Binding: Recent buckram.<br />
OVprint, Academia Caesareo-Leopoldina Naturae Curiosorum 17 (1835)<br />
843–854 and Tabs LXV–LXVI. The text is reimposed and<br />
repaginated with the original pagination printed in parentheses.<br />
The Wrst illustrated paper on ciliary epithelial motion, discovered by Purkyne<br />
and Valentin and Wrst reported earlier in the year in their unillustrated<br />
monograph, De phaenomeno generali et fundamentali motus vibratori contini in<br />
membranis (Breslau 1835, Garrison–Morton 602).<br />
160<br />
REMMELIN, Johann (1583–)<br />
A survey of the microcosme: or, the anatomy of the bodies of<br />
man and woman... useful for all physicians, chyrurgeons, statuaries,<br />
painters, &c. By Michael Spaher of Tyrol, and Remilinus. Corrected<br />
by Clopton Havers, M.D. and Fellow of the Royal Society. The second<br />
edition.<br />
London: printed for Dan. Midwinter, and Tho. Leigh at the Rose and<br />
Crown in St. Paul’s-Church-Yard, 1702.<br />
Broadsheet. Four letterpress leaves: [1], titlepage (verso blank); [2],<br />
leaf signed ‘A’ printed recto and verso; [3–4], text, printed on one side<br />
only.<br />
4 engraved plates: plain plate of the superWcial veins and 3 dissected<br />
plates with numerous Xaps, numbered ‘Visio prima–tertia’. ‘Visio<br />
Prima’ and ‘Visio Secunda’ have letterpress leaves [3] and [4] pasted<br />
to their versos.
410 x 310mm. Somewhat soiled, minor tears in page edges, corners worn.<br />
Binding: Recent half sheep by Bernard Middleton.<br />
Second Havers edition (Wrst 1695). Advertised in the Michaemas Term<br />
Catalogue (October–December), 1702, at 10s (III, p. 326). Original<br />
edition 1613; Wrst English edition 1670. ESTC T147736; Wellcome IV,<br />
p. 504; Blake p. 378; Russell p. 84.<br />
The English revision by Clopton Havers (1657–1702) of Remmelin’s<br />
famous work. Russell considers this version to be anatomically the<br />
most important of all the editions. Havers is know as the pioneer of<br />
the microstructure of bone: his Osteologia nova was published in 1691.<br />
The ultimate Xap anatomy, Remmelin’s Catoptrum microcosmicum was<br />
an extension of the anatomical fugitive sheets available at the time.<br />
But Remmelin’s three plates – an Adam and Eve plate; a male Wgure<br />
and a female Wgure – are much larger and have many more layers of<br />
images than any of the fugitive sheets. They were Wrst published at<br />
Augsburg or ulm in 1613 with only brief explanation of the Wgures. An<br />
explanatory text was published separately in 1614 and with the plates<br />
in 1619. The text is not included in the present edition, the letterpress<br />
of which provides only captions to the illustrations.<br />
‘Of all the editions of the Catoptrum, whether in the original or<br />
translation, the most signiWcant from the anatomical point of view<br />
is the 1695 English version. This was “corrected by Clopton Havers,<br />
M.D. and Fellow of the Royal Society” and has the most major surface<br />
revisions of the plates. Many of the Vesalian Wgures are removed and<br />
replaced by engravings from the works of Richard Lower (1631–1691),<br />
Reiner de Graaf (1641–1673) and Steven Blankaart (1650–1704).<br />
Although the major Wgures remain the same, the detail in the smaller<br />
ones has been brought up to date in an honest attempt to make the<br />
plates more useful. The 1695 plates were subsequently used, virtually<br />
unaltered, in the 1702 and 1738 printings althought Havers had died<br />
in 1702.’ (Russell p. 9.)<br />
This English edition is a reprint of the 1695 edition with the imprint<br />
on ‘Visio prima’ altered and the dedication to Samuel Pepys removed.<br />
The plates are the Dutch copper plates by Cornelius Danckerts<br />
engraved for the 1634 Latin–Dutch edition, to which the plain plate<br />
of the superWcial veins, after Valverde, had been added. These were acquired<br />
by Joseph Moxon and used in his edition of 1670, still with Dutch captions,<br />
and again, heavily revised, in 1675. Another edition was printed by his son<br />
James in 1691. The Wrst Havers edition was also published by James Moxon,<br />
in 1695, with the plates extensively revised and diVerent subsidiary Wgures<br />
inserted. From James Moxon the plates evidently passed into the hands of<br />
Daniel Midwinter and Thomas Leigh who issued the 1702 edition; another<br />
edition was issued by Daniel Midwinter alone in 1738. Confusingly Russell<br />
says on p. 77 that the 1675 plates are copies of the Dutch plates; but then calls<br />
the plates in the 1702 edition the ‘1695 Dutch plates’. From the EEBO images<br />
it appears that all the English editions are printed from the Dutch plates, albeit<br />
with very extensive reworking and many subsidiary Wgures changed.<br />
Kenneth F. Russell, A Bibliography of Johann Remmelin the Anatomist (1991).
161<br />
RIDLEY, Mark (1560–1624)<br />
A short treatise of magneticall bodies and motions.<br />
London: printed by Nicholas Okes, 1613.<br />
4to: A4 (A2+a4 ) B–V4 X4 (+/–X3) (blanks A1 and X4), 88 leaves, pp.<br />
[16] 157 [3] (Wrst and last 2 pages blank). Woodcut initials, printer’s<br />
woodcut device dated 1610 on colophon on X3. Engraved titlepage<br />
on A2 signed ‘R: Elstrak sculpsit’ (Johnson p. 15), engraved portrait<br />
on a4v, 20 threequarter page engravings in the text numbered Tab.<br />
I–XX, that on T4 with a movable quadrant attached by a thread, 1<br />
unnumbered halfpage engraving on p. 143 and one woodcut on p. 152.<br />
191 x 145mm. Purple mildew stains throughout but the paper<br />
apparently resized and crisp; minor repairs to Wrst few leaves and initial<br />
and terminal blanks and some other leaves chipped in the margins.<br />
Binding: Newly stabsewn and recased in what could be the original<br />
vellum wrapper made from a contemporary indenture.<br />
First edition, second issue with X3 cancelled and errata printed on the<br />
replacement leaf. STC 21045.5; ESTC S123258; Adams & Waters,<br />
2976; Wheeler Gift 86.<br />
A landmark in the history of experimental science in England, this was the<br />
most important work on magnetism after Gilbert’s De magnete (1600).<br />
‘Dr Ridley, following up Dr Gilbert’s work, here presented directions for<br />
a series of experiments on the lodestone, magnet, and terella which could<br />
be carried out by anyone interested in the subject. He added engravings and<br />
descriptions of his improvised instruments for determining the variation, and<br />
for making use of the inclinatory needle for Wnding position at sea. This was<br />
in accordance with the method published jointly by Edward Wright, Thomas<br />
Blundeville, and Henry Briggs.’ (Taylor, Works, 126).<br />
Like Gilbert, Ridley was a prominent fellow of the College of Physicians and<br />
the two were close friends. But Ridley was dismissive of another contemporary<br />
experimenter who was in contact with Gilbert, William Barlow. Barlow accused<br />
Ridley of plagiarism, saying that Gilbert had shown Ridley the manuscript<br />
of his Magneticall advertisements, not published until 1616. Ridley replied to<br />
this accusation in his only other published work, Magnetical animadversions<br />
(1617). He there ridiculed Barlow’s antiCopernican arguments, pointing<br />
out the recent discovery of Jupiter’s satellites by the telescope. It is therefore<br />
interesting that Jupiter’s satellites are shown on the engraved titlepage of the<br />
present work, published 4 years earlier.<br />
In his address to the reader, Ridley discusses the images of the planets on<br />
the titlepage, so presumably he had himself directed the engraver, Renald<br />
Elstrack (1570–1625 or later). The lower half of the engraving seems to<br />
show the entrance to a classical building, Xanked by paired Doric colums,<br />
but above, the building disolves into a display of scientiWc instruments, the<br />
planets, and an elephant with a howdah. Elstrack is regarded as the foremost<br />
English engraver of his time, particularly as a portrait engraver (ODNB).<br />
Johnson identiWed 24 titlepages engraved by him between 1610 and 1624.
It is obviously tempting to attribute the portrait of Ridley to Elstrack, but<br />
Hind dismisses this on the grounds that the engraving is not up to Elstrack’s<br />
standard. However the lettering on the titlepage and under the portrait does<br />
seem to have been done by the same hand, but this could have been added by<br />
a specialist letter engraver. The plates of instruments are less Wnely engraved,<br />
and apart from their interest for the history of scientiWc instruments, they<br />
include one with two circular polar maps, one showing Terra Australis, the<br />
other New England and Virginia. The plate on p. 137 has an attached volvelle<br />
in the form of a movable quadrant.<br />
Although the mildew staining is unsightly, this is a good complete copy.<br />
This kind of staining is impossible to remove without bleaching, but the<br />
paper has been stabilised and repaired. The book was apparently originally<br />
stab sewn through three holes in the vellum wrapper. During restoration,<br />
which appears to have been done fairly recently, the text block has been<br />
newly stab sewn through Wve holes and the wrapper glued to the spine. The<br />
mildew staining is quite heavy on the vellum wrapper and the pattern matches<br />
the text block. The wrapper is made from an indenture with a calligraphic<br />
heading concerning the lease of some land to one James Waterman but the<br />
date is missing. It could well have formed the book’s Wrst covering, but it is<br />
now hard to be sure. Survivals of books stab sewn in simple vellum wrappers<br />
like this are rare.<br />
For Renald Elstrack and the attribution of the engraved portrait see Arthur Mayger<br />
Hind, Engraving in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (1952) II.<br />
379.40.<br />
162<br />
RIOLAN, Jean (1580–1657)<br />
Encheiridium anatomicum et pathologicum. In quo ex naturali<br />
constitutione partium, recessus à naturali statu demonstratur ad usum<br />
Theatri Anatomici adornatum.<br />
Leiden: ex oYcina Adriani Wygaerden, habitantis e regione acadmiae<br />
[sic], 1649.<br />
8vo: 8 2<br />
* ** A–2C4 (2C4 + 1) 2D–2H8 , 259 leaves, pp. [20] 471 (i.e.<br />
465, 411–416 omitted), [25]. Engraved title on * 1 signed ‘R. a. Persyn<br />
sculp’. Woodcut printer’s device on letterpress title, woodcut head and<br />
tail piece and initials.<br />
24 engraved plates with letterpress explanations printed on conjugate<br />
leaves numbered on the letterpress Tabula I–XXIV (bound at the end,<br />
the engraved leaves folded in).<br />
180 x 118mm. A few spots and light stains, but a very good fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, yapp fore edges.<br />
Provenance: Signature clipped from free endleaf, neat early annotations<br />
in the prelims and on p. 2 giving biographical notes on anatomists<br />
mentioned in the text.<br />
Second edition (Wrst Paris 1648, unillustrated). There were a number of<br />
later editions, and an English translation, A sure guide; or, the best and
nearest way to physick and chyrurgery... being an anatomical description<br />
of the whole body of man (1657) translated from the present edition<br />
but with the plates used by Culpeper in his translation of Vesling<br />
published in 1653 (Russell, British Anatomy, 2nd edition, 1987, p.<br />
168.) Krivatsy 9667; Waller 7997; Wellcome IV, p. 530.<br />
This is the Wrst illustrated edition of Riolan’s compendium of anatomy, in<br />
which he expressed his opposition to Harvey’s view of the circulation of the<br />
blood. Riolan only believed in a partial circulation, through the lungs and<br />
through the supposed septum of the heart. Despite many critics Harvey had<br />
remained silent for 21 years since the publication of De motu cordis in 1628,<br />
but it was the Wrst edition of this work (1648) of Riolan’s that Wnally provoked<br />
him to reply to his critics, in Exercitatio anatomica de circulatione sanguinis<br />
(Cambridge, 1649). ‘Riolan was one of the most famous anatomists of his<br />
time, and so was perhaps regarded by Harvey as specially worthy of an answer,<br />
although by no means all his earlier opponents had been lesser lights’ (Keynes,<br />
Bibliography of the writings of Dr William Harvey, 3rd ed. 1898, p. 72).<br />
The Wne engraved titlepage by Reinier van Persijn (c. 1614–1668) incorporates<br />
a dissection scene with portraits of Vesling, Riolan, A. Valcob, Guy<br />
Patin and Albert Kijper. Behind them stand the Wgures of Medicina and<br />
Asklepios, on either side of a cupboard containing surgical instruments.<br />
Plates III and XXIV are signed by Persijn, and the rest are clearly by the<br />
same hand.<br />
An interesting insight into the expected distribution of this book, and<br />
the international nature of Dutch publishing at this period, is revealed by<br />
the directions to the binder which are given in Latin, French, German and<br />
Dutch.<br />
The plates are constructed in an unusual way, each having a conjugate leaf<br />
of letterpress captions (thus there are 24 letterpress leaves, printed on versos<br />
only). They were apparently printed on larger sheets, but as the instruction<br />
to the binder indicates, these were cut up (using a template supplied by<br />
the publisher) and stitched as 2 leaf sections, with the plate larger than its<br />
accompanying text and folded in. The binder was instructed to make the<br />
folds so that they were not in exactly the same place on adjacent plates and<br />
then to trim the book as little as possible.<br />
Wellcome and STCN describe a blank leaf 2C6, but in this copy the sewing<br />
is between 2C2 and 3, so 2C seems to be a 4 leaf section plus a biofolium,<br />
the second leaf of which is blank (and in this copy folded back so that the<br />
stub is between sigs 2B and 2C).<br />
163<br />
RuDBECK, Olof (1630–1702)<br />
Insidiae structae Olai Rudbeckii Sveci ductibus hepaticis<br />
aquosis & vasis glandularum serosis, Arosiae editis, a Thoma<br />
Bartholino.<br />
Leiden: Ex oYcina Adriani Wingaerden, 1654.<br />
8vo: p 2 A–I 8 K 6 L 4 (blank p2), 84 leaves, pp. [4] 164 (second leaf<br />
blank), printer’s device on title, woodcut diagram on H8v.
150 x 88mm.<br />
Binding: Nineteenthcentury vellum boards, rebacked. Gilt stamp of<br />
Schloss Altenberg on upper board. A manuscript Wgure 2 suggests this<br />
was formerly bound with other tracts, and the binding is possibly a<br />
reimboîtage.<br />
First edition. Krivatsy 10006.<br />
Rudbeck’s discovery of the lymphatic system, was reported in Nova exercitatio<br />
anatomica, exhibens ductus hepaticos aquosos et vasa glandularum serosa<br />
(Västerås, 1653). Just a few weeks earlier Thomas Bartholin’s Vasa lymphatica<br />
was published at Copenhagen, reporting his independent discovery of the<br />
lymphatics. In the ensuing priority dispute, Bartholin remained aloof but his<br />
student, Martin Bogdan, attacked Rudbeck’s work accusing him of plagiarism<br />
in Insidiae structae Thomae Bartholini Vasis lymphaticis ab Olao Rudbekio<br />
(Frankfurt, 1654). Rudbeck defended himself in the present work. The<br />
controversy continued with Bogdan’s response, Apologia pro vasis lymphaticis,<br />
published in the same year, and Rudbeck’s Wnal statement of his position<br />
in 1657 in Ad Thomam Bartholinum Danum Epistola, reiterating his claims<br />
to priority. (See Sten Lindroth, DSB 11: 587a; see also Pecquet, no. 150<br />
above).<br />
164<br />
RuLAND, Martin, the younger (1569–1611)<br />
Lexicon alchemiae sive dictionarium alchemisticum, cum<br />
obscuriorum verborum, & rerum hermeticarum, tum Theophrast<br />
Paracelsicarum phrasium, planam explicationem continens.<br />
Frankfurt: Cura ac sumptibus Zachariae Palthenii, librarii ac D. in libera<br />
Francofurtensium repub., 1612.<br />
4to: ):( 4 A–3P4 , 248 leaves, pp [8] 471 (i.e. 487, 479–487 misnumbered<br />
945, 480, 465–71) [1] (last page blank). Woodcut device on title with<br />
hieroglyphics, 2 woodcut illustrations in the margin of p. 22.<br />
200 x 155mm. Paper browned, mostly lightly but heavier in a few<br />
gatherings.<br />
Binding: Contemporary sprinkled calf, red sprinkled edges. Leather<br />
from bottom half of spine torn away, joints cracked but cords holding.<br />
Provenance: Royal College of Medicine, Edinburgh, with cancelled<br />
library stamp on last page.<br />
First edition. The Wellcome and Neville copies are a variant with the<br />
beginning of the dedicatory epistle repeated on ):(4, here blank. The<br />
sheets were reissued in 1661 with reset prelims. An English translation<br />
was published in 1893 and reprinted in 1964. Wellcome I, 5638;<br />
Krivatsy 10034; Ferguson II, p. 302; Duveen p. 520.<br />
‘Ruland’s work is signiWcant as an illustration of the process of the assimilation<br />
of Paracelsian reforms in medicine and chemistry, which had an important<br />
impact on the development of those Welds in the late sixteenth and early<br />
seventeenth centuries.’ (N. H. Clulee, DSB 11: 606b.)
Pagel mentions Ruland’s Lexicon as evidence for the long survival of gnostic<br />
symbolism in alchemy in his entries such as ‘Water is Adam’ and ‘Earth is<br />
Eve’ (Pagel, Paracelsus p. 210, n. 20).<br />
There has been some confusion between the works of Martin Ruland the<br />
elder (1532–1602) and Martin Ruland the younger (1569–1611). Ferguson and<br />
Krivatsy attribute the Lexicon to the father, Krivatsy noting that the dedicatory<br />
epistle is signed by the son but still insisting on the father’s authorship.<br />
However Thorndike gives it to the son as does N. H. Clulee in DSB stating<br />
categorically that the Lexicon is among the work ‘undoubtedly by Martin<br />
Ruland the younger’ (Thorndike VII, p. 160; Clulee p. 606b).<br />
165<br />
SANTORIO, Santorio (1561–1636)<br />
De statica medicina et de responsione ad staticomasticem.<br />
Aphorismorum sectionibus septem comprehensa.<br />
Venice: apud Marcum Antonium Brogiollum, 1634.<br />
12mo: a12 A–F12 (blanks a12 and F12), 84 leaves, V. [12] 71 [1]<br />
including the blanks. Woodcut device on title.<br />
132 x 75mm. Stains on Wrst few leaves of text, otherwise a good copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary olive morocco, gilt panelled sides, marbled<br />
paper pastedowns, gilt edges. Head and tail of spine chipped, rubbed,<br />
corners worn.<br />
Provenance: Signature ‘P. Guenault. D.M.P.’ on title and inscription<br />
‘Ex dono D. de Ribodon’ on endleaf, both seventeenthcentury; a<br />
long note on Santorio and Guenault in a nineteenthcentury hand<br />
on endleaf, perhaps that of Paul Schmidt whose bookplate is on the<br />
pastedown.<br />
Third edition (Wrst 1614). Krivatsy 10236.<br />
Santorio introduced quantitative methods into biological research. It was<br />
through this collection of aphorisms that his work became widely known.<br />
Enormously popular it went through a large number of editions.<br />
The note on the endleaf concludes: ‘On voir au bas du titre le signature de<br />
P. Guénault, celui qui Guy Patin appelait “empoisonneur chimique”, parce<br />
qu’il prescrivait l’emploi de l’antimoine.’<br />
For the Wrst edition see Garrison–Morton 573; Norman, One Hundred <strong>Books</strong><br />
Famous in Medicine 25.<br />
166<br />
SANTORIO, Santorio (1561–1636)<br />
De statica medicina et de responsione ad staticomasticem<br />
aphorismorum sectionibus octo comprehensa.<br />
Leiden: apud Davidum Lopes de Haro, 1642.<br />
12mo: † 10 A–E 12 F 6 G 2 , 78 leaves, pp. [20] 135 [1] (last page blank).
Woodcut printer’s device on title, woodcut initials and headpieces, full<br />
page woodcut on †10 verso (recto blank).<br />
122 x 51mm. Titlepage dustsoiled; woodcut cut close but image not<br />
touched.<br />
Binding: Nineteenthcentury English polished calf.<br />
Provenance: E. N. da C. Andrade with his bookplate; note in Walter<br />
Pagel’s hand on endleaf.<br />
Later edition (Wrst edition, Ars ... de staticas medicina, Venice 1614);<br />
revised and enlarged as De medicina statica libri octo, Venice 1615, on<br />
which the later editions are based. Krivatsy 10237.<br />
This neatly produced edition of Santorio’s aphorisms is the Wrst to contain the<br />
famous image of the author in a weighing chair with a table in front of him set<br />
with food and wine. This was how he used to measure his own daily variation<br />
in weight under diVerent conditions and to calculate the weight of invisible<br />
excretions, which he found to be greater than all forms of visible excretions<br />
combined. The ‘Aphorisms’ brieXy describes the results of the experiments<br />
with the weighing chair and other instruments. InXuenced by Galileo, Santorio<br />
‘opened the way to a mathematical and experimental analysis of physiological<br />
and pathological phenomena’ (M. D. Grmek, DSB 12: 103–4).<br />
167<br />
SCHEuNEMANN, Henning (X. 1594–1613)<br />
Hydromantia Paracelsica, hoc est, discursus philosophicus de novo<br />
fonte in Saxonia electorali circa Oppidum Annebergam reperto, olim<br />
S. Annaefons dicto.<br />
Frankfurt: Prostant Francofurti in oYcina Zachariae Palthenii Doctoris,<br />
1613 (1615).<br />
4to: (:) 4 2(:) 2 A–O4 P2 (–P2) 63 of 64 leaves, pp. [12] 114. lacking<br />
colophon leaf p2 dated 1615. Woodcut printer’s device on title,<br />
woodcut of a still on p. 28.<br />
183 x 148mm. Titlepage soiled, light browning and a few ink stains;<br />
tear in last leaf repaired on verso.<br />
Binding: Recent vellum boards covered with an antiphonal leaf<br />
(probably northern France, Wfteenth century).<br />
First edition. Krivatsy 10470; VD17 23:242100P.<br />
A work on various methods of hydromancy, that is divination by observing<br />
colours, ripples etc. in water. Scheunemann, a Rosicrucian, believed that he<br />
had received Paracelsus’ principles by divine inspiration, though in his various<br />
books in illustration of Paracelsus, he diverges from the master in several<br />
respects (Ferguson ii, p. 334). Thorndike, the American historian, mentions<br />
the present work but does not comment on it, the BM copy having been at<br />
the binders when he tried to see it (Thorndike VII, p. 174, n. 100).<br />
The publisher, Zacharias Palthenius (X. 1594–1614), was a physician and<br />
editor of a number of medical works, though apparently not an author in his<br />
own right.
168<br />
SCHLEGEL, Paul Marquard (1605–1653)<br />
De sanguinis motu commentatio, in qua praecipue in Joh. Riolani,<br />
V. C. sententiam inquiritur.<br />
Hamburg: typis Jacobi Rebenlini, sumptu Zach. Hertelii, Bibliob. Hamb,<br />
1650.<br />
4to: a–b4 A–R4 , 76 leaves, pp. [16] 133 [3] (last page blank).<br />
174 x 140mm. Title leaf soiled and frayed in the margins, cut close at<br />
the top; headlines shaved.<br />
Binding: Recent sheep.<br />
First edition. Wellcome V, p. 48; Krivatsy 10495; Keynes, Bibliography of<br />
the writings of Dr William Harvey (3rd ed. 1898), p. 123.<br />
This is a defence of Harvey’s discovery of the circulation, addressed to Riolan,<br />
one of Harvey’s most signiWcant critics. Riolan’s Enchiridium anatomicum was<br />
published in Paris in 1648 and in Leiden in 1649: Harvey’s reply, Exercitatio<br />
anatomica de circulatione sanguinis was published later in the same year, the Wrst<br />
response in print to any of his critics. Riolan continued his attack in Opuscula<br />
anatomica nova (London, 1649). Schlegel replies to Riolan, and in the preface<br />
he tells how he had failed to convert Caspar HoVmann (1572–1648), his<br />
teacher. Harvey had personally demonstrated the circulation to HoVmann<br />
at Nuremberg in 1636 (See Keynes, Bibliography p. 123; and Pagel, William<br />
Harvey’s Biological Ideas, p. 196).<br />
For an appraisal of Riolan’s position in the history of the reception of Harvey’s<br />
discovery Pagel (op. cit., p. 75 n. 8) cites K. E. Rothschuh, Jean Riolan jun. (1580–<br />
1657) im Streit mit Paul Marquart Schlegel (1605–1653) um die Blutbewegungslehre<br />
Harveys. Ein Beitrag zu Geschichte und Psychologie des wissenschaftlichen Irrtums<br />
Gesnerus, 1964, xxi, 72–82.<br />
169<br />
SCHRECK, Johann or TERRENTIuS (1576–1630)<br />
Epistolium ex regno Sinarum ad mathematicos Euopaeos missum:<br />
cum commentatiuncula J. Keppleri mathematici. Eiusdem ex<br />
ephemeride anni M. DC. XXX, de insigni defectu solis, apotelesmata<br />
calculi Rudolphini. Cum privilegio Caesareo ad annos XV.<br />
Sagan: Excuderunt Petrus Cobius & Johannes Wiske, 1630.<br />
4to: A–B4 C6 , 14 unnumbered leaves.<br />
175 x 135. Paper slightly discoloured but a fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Recent boards.<br />
First edition. Caspar 82 (truncating the title and with incorrect collation);<br />
Sommervogel VII, col. 1928, no. 9.<br />
This collection of letters from Schreck, a Jesuit scientist working on calendar<br />
reform in China, includes one to Kepler, with Kepler’s detailed reply. The
ook was the Wrst product of Kepler’s private press at Sagan where he had<br />
moved in 1628 under the patronage of Albrecht von Wallenstein. Schreck<br />
had been a student of Galileo and a member of the Academia dei Lincei in<br />
Rome before being sent to China by the Jesuits.<br />
‘The letter from Johannes Terrentius [Schreck] with commentary is a tidbit<br />
with a connection to the Jesuits’ practice of science in China. Terrentius<br />
wrote to his brothers from Hangchow with a report on his calendrical<br />
activities and a request for the newest Wndings of Western astronomy<br />
regarding lunar theory and the calculation of eclipses, speciWcally Kepler’s<br />
“Hipparchus” (unpublished until modern times) and anything by Galileo.<br />
Kepler commented on the letter line by line and gave an outline of his physical<br />
lunar theory. Published two years later as the Wrst oVering from his new press<br />
in Sagan, it apparently did not make it back to China before Terrentius’s<br />
death (Voelkel p. 85).<br />
Kepler’s commentary is on B1v–C6r, and the appendix, ‘ex Ephemeride<br />
Anni M.DC.XXX’ on C6r–v dated at the end 15 January 1630.<br />
James R. Voelkel, essay review, ‘Johannes Kepler: Gesammelte Werke, Band IX’,<br />
Journal for the History of Astronomy, 28 (1997) 83–86.<br />
170<br />
SE˛DZIWÓJ, Michal, or SENDIVOGIuS (c. 1556–c. 1646)<br />
A new light of alchymie: taken out of the fountaine of nature, and<br />
manuall experience. To which is added a treatise of sulphur: written by<br />
Micheel Sandivogius... Also nine books of the nature of things, written<br />
by Paracelsus... Also a chymicall dictionary explaining hard places<br />
and words met withall in the writings of Paracelsus, and other obscure<br />
authors. All which are faithfully translated out of the Latin into the<br />
English tongue, by J.F. M.D.<br />
London, 1650.<br />
4to: p A 4 A–V 4 ; p 2A 2A–2S 4 ; 3A–3F 4 , 184 leaves, pp. [16] 147 [5];<br />
[8] 145 (i.e. 143, 105–106 omitted) [1]; [48]. Dated titlepage ‘Of the<br />
nature of things’ on p 2A1 but lacking the titlepage to the last<br />
section (an inset single leaf). Woodcut headpieces and initials.<br />
177 x 133mm. Titlepage soiled and chipped in lower corner; p 2A4<br />
cropped with loss of a line at the foot of the verso (removing the words<br />
‘Dated at Villacum in the yeare, 1537’); paper browned and brittle and<br />
with some isolated ink stains and water stains.<br />
Binding: Eighteenthcentury half calf, Xat gilt tooled spine. Joints<br />
cracked but sound, spine and corners worn.<br />
Provenance: underlining and a few annotations in an early hand in the<br />
Wrst part, also some pencil annotations; later ink annotations in the last<br />
part. Nineteenthcentury bookseller’s ticket of W. Booth, Manchester;<br />
cancelled Cambridge university Library stamp dated 1 Jan [18]72 and<br />
shelf mark 19.10.76 on verso of title and pencil note on free endleaf,<br />
‘duplicate see L.6.5’.
First edition in English. The Thomason copy is annotated 26 June.<br />
Another edition was published in 1674. Wing S2506; ESTC R203736;<br />
Duveen p. 544; Neville II. p. 455; Pritchard 432.1.<br />
The three parts of this work, taken respectively from Sendivogius, Paracelsus<br />
and Gerhard Dorn, are all compiled and translated by ‘J.F. M.D.’ who is<br />
generally identiWed as John French (1616–1657), author of The art of distillation<br />
(London, 1651).<br />
The Wrst part is taken from one of the later editions of Sendivogius Novum<br />
lumen chymicum (Wrst edition 1604) with the appended treatise on sulphur, for<br />
example the Geneva edition of 1639, a copy of which was in Newton’s library.<br />
The second part is a translation of part of Paracelsus’ Metamorphosis. The third<br />
part is based on Gerhard Dorn, Dictionarium Theophrasti Paracelsi.<br />
Newton owned copies of the Latin edition of Sendivogius of 1639 and this<br />
edition of the translation, both books showing characteristic dogearing. It<br />
was in the 1670s that Newton began his intensive study of alchemy.<br />
The separate titlepage to the dictionary is missing in this copy. It was<br />
printed on a single leaf so would have required extra care from the binder to<br />
secure it properly – if it was ever present.<br />
For Newton’s study of Sendivogius, see John Harrison, The Library of Isaac Newton<br />
(1978), nos 1192 and 1485; Richard Westfall, Never at Rest (1980), p. 292; and<br />
Betty Jo Teeter Dobbs, The Foundations of Newton’s Alchemy (1975), p. 152V.<br />
171<br />
SERTÜRNER, Friedrich Wilhelm (1783–1841)<br />
Kurze Darstellung einiger chemischen und physikalischen Erfahrungen<br />
über ElementarAttraction, mindermächtige Säuren und<br />
Alkalien, Weinsäuren, Opium, Imponderabilien, und einige andere<br />
Gegenstände, mit Bemerkungen über den EinXuss des Lichts auf unser<br />
Erdsystem.<br />
Göttingen: bei Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1820.<br />
8vo, pp. 98 [2], errata on last leaf, verso blank.<br />
166 x 98mm. Light foxing.<br />
Binding: Modern half green calf over marbled boards, original plain<br />
blue wrappers bound in.<br />
First edition.<br />
Sertürner was the Wrst to isolate morphine from opium in a paper of 1805<br />
(Garrison–Morton 1839). In the years following he investigated the eVects of<br />
morphine, which became widely used after 1815. The isolation of morphine,<br />
an alkaloid, was the Wrst isolation of an active ingredient from a plant.
172<br />
SEVERINO, Marco Aurelio (1580–1656)<br />
Zootomia democritaea id est, anatome generalis totius animantium<br />
opiWcii, libris quinque distincta, quorum seriem sequens facies<br />
delineabit.<br />
Nuremberg: Literis Endterianis, 1645.<br />
4to: )(–3)( 4 A–3H4 , 228 leaves, pp. [24] 408 (i.e. 398, 72–81 omitted).<br />
Engraved title, 2 full page engraved portraits with decorative borders,<br />
and 42 anatomical woodcuts.<br />
185 x 140mm. Light brown stain in inner margins of gatherings 2A–<br />
2D. A Wne fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Small defect to foreedge of<br />
lower board, but a very well preserved binding.<br />
Provenance: Bernard Quaritch Ltd (price code on rear pastedown).<br />
First edition. Cole 460; Garrison–Morton 289; Krivatsy 11026; Wellcome<br />
V, p. 93.<br />
‘The earliest comprehensive treatise on comparative anatomy’ (Cole<br />
p. 132). Severino believed that by divine design a uniform plan underlies<br />
all vertebrates. In a Wnal section he discusses methods of study: both<br />
human and animal dissection are absolutely necessary and he mentions<br />
the use of the microscope.<br />
‘Severino viewed the study of anatomy as one way to uncover a clearer<br />
knowledge of divine creation. Since man, animals, and plants form a<br />
continuous hierarchical structure, the anatomy of all three must be studied<br />
in conjunction. Severino recognized a close similarity between the anatomy<br />
of man and of animals.’ (Charles B. Schmitt, DSB 12: 333b.)<br />
F. J. Cole, A History of Comparative Anatomy (1944), pp. 132–149.<br />
173<br />
SOEMMERING, Samuel Thomas von (1755–1830)<br />
Ueber das Organ der Seele.<br />
Königsberg: bey Friedrich Nicolovius, 1796.<br />
4to: p4 A–K4 L2 c2 , 48 leaves, pp. [8] 86 [2] (last page blank).<br />
3 engraved plates, the Wrst signed ‘Koeck delineavit, Soemmering direxit,<br />
Lud. Schmidt scups’ (the other 2 with the engraver’s signature only),<br />
numbered Tab I, Tab I (an outline of the previous plate) and Tab II.<br />
247 x 210mm. Worn and soiled, pencil annotations in the margins<br />
erased.<br />
Binding: Recent quarter calf.<br />
Provenance: With an autograph letter from Walther Riese to Walter Pagel.<br />
First edition. Blake, p. 424; Choulant–Frank p. 306; Norman 1973;<br />
Warda, Kant, 159.<br />
Soemmering held to the ancient notion that the cerebral cavities were the
seat of the soul. His investigation in support of this hypothesis advanced our<br />
knowledge of the anatomy of the brain and provoked important philosophical<br />
discussion.<br />
‘The eVect of Soemmering’s publication was sensational. But it also provoked<br />
much criticsm. It was openly rejected by others. What the profession had<br />
to say was of minor importance when compared with the comments made by<br />
two of Soemmering’s greatest contemporaries: Goethe and Kant. The work<br />
was dedicated to Kant.’ (Riese p. 314.)<br />
Soemmering corresponded with Kant before the publication of the book<br />
and invited him to write a response to his work. Kant’s ‘Bemerkungen<br />
zu Soemmering’s Ueber das Organ der Seele’ were appended to a letter to<br />
Seommering, 10 August 1795, and Wrst printed here, on on pp. 81–86.<br />
Tab I is ‘the Wrst correct picture of the mesial aspect of the cerebral<br />
hemispheres, a sagittal section, showing the ventricular system and its walls’<br />
(Riese p. 312). According to Choulant it was still the best available in 1852,<br />
though Riese says that it falls far short of modern illustrations. Tab II<br />
‘represents the fourth ventricle of the brain opened from above and from<br />
behind’ (Choulant). The plates were drawn by Christian Koeck (1759–1825),<br />
trained by Soemmering as a scientiWc draughtsman. Tab I is followed by an<br />
outline plate, also labeled as Tab I; Tab II has the shaded and outline images<br />
one above the other. The outlines are keyed to the printed captions on the<br />
last leaf of letterpress.<br />
Laid in is a long autograph letter from Walther Riese to Pagel (‘Mein Lieber<br />
Walter (ohne H.) Pagel...’) dated 10 March 1966 and referring to Riese’s<br />
article on the book (present as a photocopy).<br />
Walther Riese, ‘The 150th anniversary of S. T. Soemmering’s Organ of the Soul.<br />
The reaction of his contemporaries and its signiWcance today’, Bulletin of the History<br />
of Medicine, 20 (1946) 310–321.<br />
174<br />
SPALLANZANI, Lazzaro (17291799)<br />
De’ fenomeni della circolazione osservata nel giro universale de’<br />
vasi; de’ fenomeni della circolazione languente; de’ moti del sangue<br />
independenti dall’azione del cuore; e del pulsar delle arterie.<br />
Modena: presso la Società TipograWca, 1773.<br />
8vo: a4 A–X8 Y4 , 176 leaves, pp. viii 343 [1].<br />
1 engraved plate (bound facing p. 4).<br />
203 x 133mm. Some light foxing. A good fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary sheep backed boards. Worn.<br />
Provenance: Presentation copy to Charles Bonnet (1720–1793) with<br />
inscription ‘Donné p. l’Aut’ and Bonnet’s signature. Walter Pagel’s<br />
signature dated 1956 on pastedown.<br />
First edition. Norman Library 1980.<br />
‘Spallanzani demonstrated that the arterial pulse is due not to mere cardiac<br />
displacements but to lateral pressure upon and expansile wall from cardiac<br />
impulsions conveyed by the blood column. A total of 337 experiments were
outlined and expounded in four dissertations, forming a treatise on the<br />
dynamics of circulation that appeared as De’ fenomeni della circolazione...<br />
(1773).’ (Claude E. Dolman, DSB 12, 556–7.)<br />
175<br />
SPIEGHEL, Adriaan van de (1578–1625); Giulio Cesare CASSERI<br />
(c. 1552–1616); Daniel BuCRETIuS (d. 1631)<br />
De humani corporis fabrica libri decem, Tabulis XCIIX aeri<br />
incisis elegantissimis, nec ante hac visis exornati... Opus posthumum.<br />
Daniel Bucretius Vratislaviensis Philos. et Medic. D. Jussu authoris in<br />
lucem profert.<br />
[Bound, as issued, with:]<br />
Iulii Casserii... Tabulae anatomicae LXXIIX, omnes novae nec ante<br />
hac visae. Daniel Bucretius... XX qu[a]e deerant supplevit et omnium<br />
explicationes addidit.<br />
Venice: [colophon on verso of last leaf of plates:] apud Evangelistam<br />
Deuchinum, 1627.<br />
Folio: ✠6 A–2V4 (blank 2V4); c4 (–c4), T1–92, (misnumbered<br />
from 85 to the end), 446 leaves, pp. [12] 328 (i.e. 330, last<br />
page misnumbered) [14] (last 2 pages blank); [6] and leaves<br />
1–92 (misnumbered after 85). Woodcut headpieces and initials.<br />
Engraved titles signed ‘Franc. Valesius Sculpsit. Odoratus<br />
Fialetus’ on ✠1 and c1 (the same plate with the lettering altered);<br />
92 full page engravings printed on the rectos of T1–92 with<br />
letterpress descriptions on the versos, except the last which has<br />
the colophon on the verso with woodcut printer’s device.<br />
385 x 255. First titlepage soiled and worn, preliminaries a little<br />
soiled and stained; plates slightly soiled and a few with marginal<br />
repairs, one or two aVecting the engraved surface, abrasion to<br />
surface of plate 85 with some loss.<br />
Binding: Recent half calf, red edges from a former binding.<br />
Provenance: Old inscription on title scored through<br />
(undeciphered), signature ‘Davidson’ and annotations on endleaf<br />
and Wnal blank (early nineteenth century?).<br />
First edition. Another edition, with halfsize copies of the plates,<br />
was printed at Frankfurt in 1632. Krivatsy 11297, 2202; Choulant<br />
pp. 226–228; Roberts and Tomlinson pp. 262–271.<br />
One of the most attractive of the great anatomical atlases containing<br />
the Wnest anatomical engravings of the seventeenth century, ‘a<br />
vigorous and concrete contribution to the development of anatomical<br />
illustration’ (DSB).<br />
‘The illustrations for this ambitious project marked a signiWcant<br />
departure from the Vesalian prototype that had dominated illustrated<br />
anatomical texts throughout Europe during the last half of the<br />
sixteenth century. Its illustrations were innovative and inventive,
ut they had little inXuence on subsequent publications.’ (Cazort p.<br />
167.)<br />
Both Casserius and Spigellius had studied with Fabricius in Padua,<br />
and succeeded him in turn in the chair of surgery and anatomy. When<br />
Casserius died in 1616 he left no written text for a projected complete<br />
atlas of human anatomy but only a collection of 86 plates. Spigellius<br />
died in 1625 leaving two unillustrated manuscripts, De humani corporis<br />
fabrica libri decem and De formato foetu. It was left to Spigellius’ young<br />
Polish pupil, Daniel RindXeisch or Bucretius to put together the text<br />
and illustrations, printed from the original plates, adding 20 new<br />
plates by the original artists. He was assisted by Spigellius’ soninlaw,<br />
Liberalis Crema. De formato foetu, with 9 plates, was published Wrst,<br />
at Padua in 1626, followed by De humani corporis fabrica, the present<br />
work, at Venice in 1627.<br />
The design and execution of the plates has traditionally been<br />
attributed to the artist Odorati Fialetti (1573–1638) and the engraver<br />
Francesco Valesio (1560–1648?) who were responsible for the engraved<br />
titlepages. Cazort Wnds no reason to doubt that the designer of the<br />
plates was Fialetti, saying that ‘the imaginative scope of the Casserius<br />
illustrations is in accord with this still under appreciated printmaker’<br />
(Cazort p. 168). On the other hand the variation in the quality of the<br />
engravings suggests that several hands may be at work.<br />
The Wrst engraved titlepage is rather worn, but the second, printed<br />
from the same plate but with the lettering altered, is in much better<br />
condition.<br />
Mimi Cazort, Monique Kornell and K. B. Roberts, The ingenious machine<br />
of nature (1996) pp. 167–8.<br />
176<br />
STENSEN, Nils, or STENO (1638–1686)<br />
Elementorum myologiae specimen, seu musculi descriptio<br />
geometrica. Cui accedunt canis carchariae dissectum caput, et<br />
dissectus piscis ex canum genere.<br />
Florence: ex typographia sub signo stellae, 1667.<br />
4to: ✠ 4 A–P 4 Q 2 , 66 leaves, pp. [8] 123 [1] (last page blank). Woodcut<br />
Medici arms on title, typographical headpieces, woodcut initials.<br />
Woodcut diagrams in the text.<br />
7 plates: 3 large folding woodcut plates numbered Tabula I–III and 4<br />
full page engraved plates numbered Tab. [IV], V, [VI], VII. (bound at<br />
the end with the engravings Wrst).<br />
280 x 167. Small stain in prelims, some very light foxing. A Wne fresh<br />
and clean copy.<br />
Binding: Eighteenthcentury roan backed boards, vellum tips, gilt<br />
tooled spine. A little rubbed, front endleaf removed.
Provenance: About 50 words of contemporary annotation and 3 pen<br />
and ink diagrams added.<br />
First edition. The work was reprinted at Amsterdam in 1669. Wellcome<br />
V, p. 181; Garrison–Morton 577; LeFanu, Notable Medical <strong>Books</strong> from<br />
the Lilly Library p. 79.<br />
This is one of the most remarkable of the scientiWc classics because it made<br />
seminal contributions to three quite distinct Welds: myology, embryology<br />
and geology. First, Stensen shows muscular contraction is not due to an<br />
inXux of nerve Xuid, but that on the contrary, the volume of muscle does<br />
not increase during contraction. His purely geometrical description of<br />
muscular contraction, written in collaboration with the mathematician<br />
Vincenzio Viviani (1622–1703), laid the foundation of muscle mechanics.<br />
The next section of the book describes the dissection of a shark’s head,<br />
shown in a memorable and often reproduced plate. This led Stensen to the<br />
discovery that the socalled tonguestones, common on Malta, are fossilised<br />
shark’s teeth. Discussing how fossils are formed, Stensen outlines the basic<br />
principles of modern geology and gained for the work the title of ‘The<br />
earliest geological treatise’ (Garboe, quoted in Garrison–Morton). Finally,<br />
there is a study in comparative anatomy demonstrating the correspondence<br />
between the roe of dogWsh and the ovaries in women. This was the Wrst<br />
recognition of the eggproducing function of the female ovary.<br />
Stensen was born in Denmark and studied under Thomas Bartholin<br />
at Copenhagen. His Wrst work on the muscles, De musculis et glandulis<br />
observationum, was published at Copenhagen in 1664. He then settled in<br />
Florence, where the present work was published, and two years later the<br />
same publisher issued his classic treatise on geology and paleontology, De<br />
solido (Florence 1669), intended as an introduction to a larger work that<br />
was never written. Stensen was a Wne draughtsman and presumably the<br />
illustrations in the present work were engraved from his drawings.<br />
177<br />
TACHENIuS, Otto (X. 16641699)<br />
Otto Tachenius his Hippocrates chymicus discovering the ancient<br />
foundation of the late viperine salt with his Clavis thereunto annexed.<br />
Translated by J. W.<br />
London: printed and are to be sold by Nath: Crouch at the George at the<br />
lower end of Cornhill over against the Stocks Market, 1677.<br />
4to: [A] 4 (–[A]2) a–b 4 B–R 4 S 2 ; 2A–2T 4 , 153 leaves, pp. [22] 122 [10];<br />
[14] 120 (i.e. 124, 15–18 repeated) [14]. Engraved title printed on A1<br />
signed ‘Johannes Drapontier sculpsit’; 2A1 sectional titlepage, ‘Otto<br />
Tachenius his clavis’ dated 1677; errata on last leaf.<br />
196 x 140mm. Worm tracks and holes in the margins aVecting the<br />
engraved title and some shoulder notes, fore margin of engraved title<br />
shaved; errata leaf strengthened with Japanese tissue on both sides;<br />
some light staining and soiling and light browning.
Binding: Contemporary panelled calf. Rebacked with original gilt spine<br />
laid down.<br />
Provenance: Extensive annotation in a contemporary hand on<br />
endleaves and in the margins of about 12 pages, as well as frequent<br />
underlining and pointing Wsts; contemporary or early signature of<br />
‘Justice Jones’ on pastedown and title; and inscription ‘Thomas<br />
Williams his booke’ on p. 10.<br />
First edition in English, issue without printed titlepage, translated from<br />
Hipprocrates chimicus (Venice 1666) and Antiquissimae Hippocraticae<br />
medicinae clavis (Brunswick 1668). The English edition was later reissued<br />
twice, without the printed title and with the imprint on the<br />
engraved title altered and dated 1690 and 1696. Wing T98; ESTC<br />
R39114; Cole 1259; Neville II, p. 533; Pritchard 416 (citing the 1690<br />
issue).<br />
Tachenius introduced the acidalkali theory of Sylvius into Italy, professing<br />
to Wnd it in the writings of Hippocrates and Galen (Partington II, p.<br />
292). ‘Correctly demonstrating that salts result from the reaction of acids<br />
and alkalies, he also showed that weak acids and alkalies can be displaced<br />
from salts by stronger ones. He prepared concentrated acetic acid from<br />
verdigris by distillation and proved by quantitative experiments that this<br />
acid occurs in vinegar. Tachenius knew that the stomach contains acid,<br />
which he believed forms a salt with alkalies in food during digestion.’<br />
(Neville.)<br />
The engraved titlepage follows the design of the titlepage by Merian to<br />
the Museum Hermeticum (1625). The same four medallions on either side<br />
of the title symbolise the four elements, but the top medallion now shows<br />
four miners and the bottom one the interior of an apothecaries shop. These<br />
are derived from the titlepage of the third tract of the Museum Hermeticum<br />
(see Read, Prelude p. 167, plate 30 and p. 306, n. 3).<br />
Four out of sixteen copies located by ESTC are, like this copy, without<br />
the letterpress titlepage: these include the author’s presentation copy in the<br />
Folger Library. The wording of the letterpress title is slightly diVerent from<br />
that on the engraved title, with ‘which discovers’ instead of ‘discovering’<br />
and without ‘annexed’ after ‘thereunto’. The imprint in the letterpress<br />
is ‘printed for Thomas James, and are to be sold by Nath. Crouch in<br />
ExchangeAlley over against the Royal Exchange in CornHill, 1677’ (the<br />
same imprint is on the sectional title to the second part). Crouch moved<br />
from Exchange Alley to the George at about this time, so perhaps the<br />
letterpress title was suppressed because the address was out of date.<br />
178<br />
THEATRuM CHEMICuM<br />
Theatrum chemicum praecipuos selectorum auctorum tractatus de<br />
chemiae et lapidis philosophici antiquitate, veritate, jure, praestantia et<br />
operationibus continens.<br />
Strasbourg: sumptibus Lazari Zetzneri, 1613–1661.
6 vols 8vo:<br />
I. 1613: ):( 4 A–3K8 3L4 (blank 3L4), 456 leaves, pp. [8] 869 (i.e. 871,<br />
314–315 repeated) [30, index] [3, blank].<br />
II. 1613: A–2P8 , 304 leaves, pp. [4] 598 [6]. lacking a folding<br />
leaf of plates at p. 114.<br />
III. 1613: A–3M8 , 464 leaves, pp. [4] 911 [12, index] [1, blank].<br />
1 folded leaf of plates at p. 881.<br />
De magni lapidis, 1613, A–B8 (blanks B7,8), 16 leaves, pp. 28<br />
[4, blank].<br />
IV. 1613: ):( 4 A–4D8 4E4 4F2 , 594 leaves, pp. [8] 1146 [33]<br />
[1, blank]. 3 folding leaves of plates, at pp. 168, 174 and 663. lacking<br />
a folding leaf of plates at p. 844.<br />
V. 1622: ( * ) 4 A–O8 2O8 , P–3T8 3V4 , 536 leaves, pp. [8] 208, V.<br />
209–219 [1] 219–222, pp. 223–1009 [31, index].<br />
VI. 1661: 8 2<br />
* ** (–** 2) A–3D8 (–3D8 ), 408 leaves, pp. [18] 772<br />
[25, index and errata] [1, blank].<br />
Woodcut printer’s device on titles, woodcut illustrations, diagrams,<br />
Hebrew letters and hieroglyphic symbols in the text.<br />
Vols I–V, 165 x 100mm; vol. VI. 180 x 115mm. Vol. I: titlepage frayed;<br />
hole in pp. 609/10 restored with 13 words supplied in MS; II: H4,5<br />
soiled in the margins; sigs 2K and 2L with wormtracks aVecting<br />
several letters; III: hole in Wrst 8 leaves with loss of several letters;<br />
sigs 2F and 2G with shoulder notes cropped; IV: titlepage soiled; K8,<br />
K1, L8, M1, M8 and N1 stained from old repairs; V: sigs X–2A with<br />
worming aVecting the text; VI: worming in lower margin, not aVecting<br />
any text. Light browning and waterstaining to all volumes.<br />
Binding: uniformly bound in 5 volumes (vols I and II in 1 volume)<br />
in contemporary vellum boards. Several gatherings sprung; front free<br />
endleaves of vols I and IV removed, some soiling.<br />
Provenance: Ex libris inscription of Ottonis Tacket[?] on each title,<br />
that on vol. IV dated 1650 [?]; another inscription on each title<br />
‘[undeciphered] studiis O. G. Oxemanni’; early annotations, mostly<br />
quite sparse. Walter Pagel’s signature in each volume.<br />
Second edition of vols I–IV (Wrst ursel 1602 in 4 volumes), Wrst edition<br />
of vol. V, 1622 and VI, 1661 (the last was also issued with reprints of<br />
vols I–V, 1659). The collation in OCLC 9458753 does not include De<br />
magni lapidis, here bound after vol. III, nor sig 2O2 in vol. V. These<br />
were perhaps later additions. They are also present in the Neville copy.<br />
Duveen p. 574; Neville II, pp. 538–39; cf. Ferguson II, p. 436 (1659–61).<br />
‘The collection contains well over 100 alchemical tracts, including reprints<br />
of contemporary authors and printed versions of unpublished medieval<br />
manuscripts, some of which are now lost’ (Neville).
179<br />
TuLP, Nicolaas (1593–1674)<br />
Observationum medicarum libri tres.<br />
Amsterdam: apud Ludovicum Elzevirium, 1641.<br />
8vo: 8<br />
* (–* 8, blank) A–R8 , S4 , 147 of 148 leaves, pp. [14] 279 [1] (last<br />
page blank). Prelims bound out of order. Woodcut device on title,<br />
woodcut initial on * 2; 15 engraved illustrations printed in the text,<br />
numbered Tab. I–XIIII and 1 unnumbered.<br />
152 x 95mm. Titlepage soiled; waterstains, mostly marginal.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, recovered in the eighteenthcentury<br />
with a calf spine, gilt, and pastepaper sides. Endleaves removed.<br />
Provenance: 5 word early annotation on p. 207; 9 line poem on Tulp<br />
written in an eighteenthcentury hand on a blank preliminary page.<br />
First edition, in three books. An enlarged edition, with a fourth book,<br />
was published in 1652 and 1672. Willems 980; Krivatsy 12007; Waller<br />
9715; Norman Library 2114.<br />
Tulp’s main work, containing descriptions of 228 cases. These contain some<br />
valuable observations, including the ileocecal valve, ‘Tulp’s valve’; the chyle<br />
vessels of the small intestine; and the Wrst description of beriberi. The book<br />
also contains the Wrst description of the chimpanzee, which Tulp calls an<br />
ourangoutang.<br />
In the well known Rembrandt painting, ‘The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp’<br />
(Mauritshuis, The Hague), Tulp is shown giving a demonstration with an<br />
opened body. The painting was commissioned by the Surgeon’s Guild of<br />
Amsterdam in 1632. Tulp had the personal title of professor anatomiae and<br />
was charged with teaching the surgeons of Amsterdam, giving lectures and<br />
public dissections.<br />
180<br />
VESALIuS, Andreas (1514–1564)<br />
Epitome anatomica. Opus redivivum, cui accessere, notae ac<br />
commentaria P. Paaw.<br />
Leiden: ex oYcina Justi à Colster [colophon] ex oYcina typographica Ulrici<br />
Corn: Honthorstii, 1616.<br />
4to: * 4 A–2E 4 , 2F 2 , 118 leaves, pp. [10] 226 [2] (last page blank).<br />
Engraved device on title, woodcut initials and tailpieces. 12 engraved<br />
illustrations printed in the text. lacking the folding plate. With<br />
an additional preliminary leaf taken from another work bound after<br />
* 4.<br />
194 x 149mm. engravings on pp, 17 and 206 just shaved; corners of<br />
2C3 and 2C4 torn away and paper restored with loss of a few letters<br />
and a small portion of the engraving on p. 206; light browning and<br />
foxing.
Binding: Nineteenthcentury half roan, marbled endleaves, red edges.<br />
First Paaw edition (Wrst edition, folio, Basle, 1543). Cushing VI D19;<br />
Krivatsy 12320; Manchester 1783; Waller 99121.<br />
A reprint of the Epitome with commentary by Paaw and an extra chapter,<br />
‘De externarum humani corporis sedium partiumve citra dissectionem<br />
occurrentium appellationes’ (pp. 215–226).<br />
12 engravings are printed in the text, fragments from the Fabrica; a 13th<br />
engraving printed on a folding leaf normally inserted betweeen pp. 66 and 67<br />
is lacking in this copy. An additional preliminary leaf in this copy contains a<br />
poem by Menelaus Winshemius addressed to Paaw headed ‘In osteologiam<br />
Clarissimi Doctissimique viri D. D. Petri Paawii’. It is signed **V and<br />
presumably comes from another work.<br />
181<br />
VESLING, Johann (1598–1649)<br />
Syntagma anatomicum locis plurimis auctum, emendatum, novisque<br />
iconibus diligenter exornatum. Secunda editio ab extrema auctoris<br />
manu.<br />
Padua: typis Pauli Frambotti Bibliopolae, 1651.<br />
Folio: [✠] 4 2✠4 A–2N4 (blank 2N4), 152 leaves, pp. [16] 276 [12] (last<br />
2 pages blank). Engraved titlepage on [✠]1r, engraved portrait of the<br />
author on 2✠4v and 20 fullpage engravings printed in the gatherings,<br />
with blank versos. The pagination is omitted from these leaves,<br />
including the last, which would be pp. 275/6, followed by 10 pages of<br />
index on 2M3r–2N3v; 2N4 is blank.<br />
238 x 182mm. Waterstains in margins and some dustsoiling.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, red sprinkled edges. Worn,<br />
joints starting to split.<br />
Provenance: Early inscription on title [undeciphered] and an<br />
annotation on p. 75 referring to de Graaf.<br />
Second (or third?) authorised illustrated edition (Wrst edition, Frambotti,<br />
Padua 1641; Wrst illustrated edition, Frambotti, Padua 1647). Krivatsy<br />
12329; Wellcome V, p. 346; Choulant–Frank p. 243.<br />
‘Vesling’s reputation rests on his excellent powers of observation... On 30<br />
December 1632 Vesling was appointed professor of anatomy and surgery [at<br />
Padua], and at the beginning of 1633 he returned from Egypt. Vesling proved<br />
to be a very able teacher and enlivened his lectures with drawings that he<br />
himself had prepared and that were later used in his Syntagma anatomicum.<br />
This textbook, characterized by a concise style, went through many editions<br />
and was translated into several languages. Of particular scientiWc value are his<br />
descriptions and illustrations of the chyle vessels (lacteals) and his assertion<br />
that four is the normal number of pulmonary veins emptying into the left<br />
auricle of the heart. Further, he was the Wrst to see the ductus thoracicus, but<br />
he did not mention the discovery until 1649, in a letter to Thomas Bartholin.’<br />
(Erich Hintzsche, DSB, 14:12–13.)
‘The present work is his most important contribution and was popular as<br />
a textbook for a number of years. Vesling aimed to explain the parts of the<br />
body as they were encountered during dissection and to avoid discussion of<br />
theoretical matters in order not to create confusion. However, he departed<br />
from his stated purpose to give a clear picture of the circulation of the blood<br />
and action of the heart based on Harvey’s research.’ (Heirs of Hippocrates<br />
p. 177.)<br />
The illustrations ‘were intended for the commonest needs but are mostly<br />
original engravings and represent some organs of the body more correctly than<br />
their predecessors. They were very popular at the time of their appearance and<br />
have been frequently reengraved’ (ChoulantFrank p. 243). The engraved<br />
titlepage depicts the anatomy theatre at Padua; it is signed ‘Jo. Georgius<br />
sculp.’ and has Frambotti’s imprint dated 1647; the portrait, also by Georgius,<br />
shows Vesling aged 48; and the plates are also by him, signed ‘GG’ or ‘G Georgi<br />
fecit’.<br />
Vesling came from a German Catholic family who Xed to Vienna to<br />
escape religious persecution. He attended secondary school and studied<br />
medicine at Venice and Leiden, then taught anatomy in Venice where his<br />
lectures and anatomical demonstrations became so famous that students<br />
from Padua travelled to Venice to hear him. He went to Egypt as physician<br />
to Alvise Cornaro in 1628 and returned to Italy in 1633 to take up the chair<br />
of anatomy at Padua.<br />
The Wrst edition of 1641, in 8vo, was unillustrated and has a slightly<br />
diVerent title, Syntagma anatomicum publicis dissectionibus, in auditorum usum,<br />
diligenter aptatum. The present edition is a reprint of the 1647 edition, with the<br />
same pagination and using the same plates. All three of these editions were<br />
published by Paolo Frambotti at Padua. The 1641 edition was reprinted as<br />
a duodecimo at Frankfurt in the same year; and a piracy of the 1647 edition<br />
was published by Janssonius at Amsterdam in that year. In addition, the<br />
Wellcome library has a page for page reprint with Frambotti’s imprint, with<br />
the errata corrected but omitting the privileges and portrait, which could be<br />
another piracy.<br />
182<br />
VIEuSSENS, Raymond (1641?–1715)<br />
Neurographia universalis. Hoc est omnium corporis humani<br />
nervorum simul & cerebri, medullaeque spinalis descriptio anatomica;<br />
eaque integra et accurata, variis iconibus Wdeliter & ad vivum<br />
delineatis, aeréque incisis illustrata: cum ipsorum actione et usu,<br />
physico discursu explicatis, editio nova.<br />
Lyon: Lugduni Apud Joannem Certe, in vico Mercatorio sub signo<br />
Trinitatis, 1684.<br />
Folio: ã 4 e˜ 4 A–2H 4 2I 2 a1, 135 leaves, pp. [16] 252 [2]. Errata on last<br />
2 pages. Title printed in red and black with an engraved device signed<br />
‘MB’; woodcut headpieces and initials. 8 engravings printed in the text<br />
(Tabs IX, X, XIV–XVII, XXII, XXX).
21 of 24 engraved plates, lacking tabs iv, v and xxiii, replaced<br />
with copies taken from other editions: engraved arms of the<br />
dedicatee, Pierre de Roussy, archbishop of Narbonne, engraved<br />
portrait of the author signed ‘Math: Boulanger Fe.’ and 22 anatomical<br />
plates signed ‘Beaudeau sculpsit. monsp’, 16 folding, several made up<br />
of 2 or more sheets pasted together, numbered continuously with the<br />
engravings printed in the text.<br />
There are 30 anatomical illustrations in all, numbered I–XXX, signed<br />
‘Beaudeau sculpsit Monsp.’ except XX and XXX unsigned.<br />
341 x 220mm. A few leaves lightly browned. A Wne fresh clean and<br />
large copy.<br />
Binding: Eighteenthcentury English panelled calf. Neat repairs to<br />
joints and head and tail caps; corners worn.<br />
Provenance: Thomas Symonds of Pengethley with his signature,<br />
purchase price 30s, engraved bookplate, notes and inserted index (see<br />
below).<br />
First edition (some copies dated 1685). An ‘editio novissima’ was printed<br />
by Certe in 1716. There was a Frankfurt reprint in 1690 and an edition<br />
printed at Toulouse in 1775. Wellcome V, p. 350 (1685 titlepage);<br />
Krivatsy 12403 (1685 titlepage); Garison–Morton 1379; Norman<br />
Library 2153; LeFanu, Notable Medical <strong>Books</strong> in the Lilly Library p. 95;<br />
En français dans le texte 120.<br />
The best description and illustrations of the nervous system made in the seventeenth<br />
century. Based on 500 dissections, all the illustrations are life size.<br />
‘It was illustrated with thirty particularly Wne engravings by Jean Beaudeau,<br />
most of them on foldout pages larger than the pages of the book. It also<br />
contained a splendid portrait of the author by Boulanger. Vieussens was an<br />
untiring dissector, and his work revealed the structure and arrangement of<br />
the nervous system better than any predecessor in addition to recording new<br />
and correct observations. For example, he showed that the spinal cord was<br />
an independent structure, not merely an appendage of the brain, and he Wrst<br />
deWned the contrum ovale’. (LeFanu.)<br />
‘Vieussens, professor at Montpellier, was the Wrst to describe the centrum<br />
ovale correctly. The publication of the above work threw new light on the<br />
subject of the conWguration and structure of the brain, spinal cord, and<br />
nerves.’ (Garrison–Morton).<br />
The two largest plates (Tabs XXVIII and XXIX) are each made up of 6<br />
sheets pasted together. In order to show both the left and right sides of the<br />
body, the left hand side of the plate is made up from the direct impressions<br />
of three engravings, the right hand side from counterproofs of the same<br />
plates. The majority of the plates are signed ‘Beaudeau sculpsit Monsp.’<br />
The engraver was thus presumably working directly in Montpellier under<br />
Vieussens’ direction. Le Fanu supplies a forename, ‘Jean’, but I can Wnd no<br />
other information on Beaudeau. The portrait and ‘JC’ monogram device on<br />
the title are probably both by Mathieu Boulanger, who signed the portrait.<br />
Bénézit lists an engraver of this name active in Paris in the seventeenth century<br />
but gives no other details.<br />
In some copies the date on the titlepage is 1685; both titles have the words
‘editio nova’, in this case meaning a new and original publication, rather than<br />
a new edition. When Jean Certe produced another edition in 1716, the year<br />
after Vieussen’s death, he called it ‘editio novissima’.<br />
The former owner of this copy, Thomas Symonds of Pengethley Manor,<br />
Herefordshire (now a Hotel) paid 30s for the copy, but then noted that it was<br />
listed in Thomas Osborne’s Catalogue, 1752, at 9s. He has written a note<br />
on the book, comparing it with other works on neurology, on the pastedown<br />
(22 lines) and his 8page MS index is tipped in. The errata are corrected and<br />
there are annotations on Tab XXIII (one of the plates that does not belong<br />
to this edition), as well as pencil annotations in the margins which may also<br />
be in Symonds’ hand.<br />
Three plates do not belong to this edition. Two of these at least, plates IV<br />
and V, were replaced before binding and may come from the 1716 edition,<br />
though I have not compared them. They are the same size as the originals<br />
and close copies; Tab IV is unsigned and Tab V signed ‘L. spirinx f.’ On the<br />
other hand, Tab. XXIII is from the 1690 Frankfurt edition, smaller than the<br />
original and signed ‘J. G. Bodenehr sc. Aug.’.<br />
183<br />
WEIDLER, Johann Friedrich (1691–1755)<br />
Historia astronomiae sive de ortu et progressu astronomiae.<br />
Wittemberg: sumtibus Gottlieb Heinrici Schwartzii [colophon:] Prelo<br />
Ephraim Gottlob Eichsfeldi Academiae a typis, 1741.<br />
4to: ):(–3):( 4 A–4O4 , 344 leaves, pp. [24] 624 [40]. Title printed in red and<br />
black with small woodcut ornament, woodcut headpieces and initials.<br />
206 x 170mm. Moderate browning and foxing.<br />
Binding: Nineteenthcentury vellum boards. Soiled.<br />
Provenance: J. Lee with his armorial bookplate and acquisition note<br />
‘purchased at the sale of the eVects of the late James Epps Esq.<br />
repaired. Mr. Marshall. Aylesbury. 1843 January. No. 24/21’.<br />
First edition. Houzeau & Lancaster 11; Lalande, p. 414.<br />
The Wrst complete history of astronomy, arranged by authors with an article on<br />
each of their works. For Lalande in 1803 it was still the most useful compendium,<br />
even after the publication of Bailly’s 4 volume history, 1775–1783.<br />
184<br />
WEIGEL, Valentine (1533–1588)<br />
Astrologie theologized: wherein is set forth, what astrologie, and the<br />
light of nature is. What inXuence the starres naturally have on man,<br />
and how the same may be diverted and avoided.<br />
London: printed for George Whittington, at the blue Anchor in Cornhill,<br />
neer the Royall Exchange, 1649.<br />
4to: A–F 4 , 24 leaves, pp. [2] 48. Woodcut headpiece and initial.
180 x 133mm. Title dustsoiled and waterstained and corner chipped;<br />
lighter soiling and light browning in the text; page numbers on A3<br />
shaved.<br />
Binding: Twentiethcentury half calf.<br />
Provenance: Early signatures on title, scored through.<br />
First edition in English, a translation of Astrologia Theologizata (in Latin,<br />
Frankfurt 1617) or the German translation of that work (Halle 1618).<br />
Wing W1255; ESTC R204068.<br />
The original edition was published anonymously and its authorship has been<br />
disputed. ‘But whether written by Weigel or later by one of his school, it is<br />
a good illustration of the way in which mystically inclined Christians of that<br />
period endeavoured to make spiritual conquest of the prevailing Astrology<br />
and, through its help, to discover the nature of the inner, hidden universe.’<br />
(Jones pp. 148–9).<br />
Weigel was a German theologian, philosopher and mystical writer, an<br />
important precursor of theosophy. The author is stated to be Valentine<br />
Weigelius on the title, with no further information, and the text starts<br />
immediately without preamble. The Wrst chapter is headed ‘What Astrologie<br />
is, and what Theologie; and how they have reference to one another’. At the<br />
foot of the last page are a few errata and ‘Imprimatur. Theodore Jennings’.<br />
Rufus Matthew Jones, Spiritual reformers in the 16th & 17th centuries (1914).<br />
185<br />
WEISS, Christian Samuel (1780–1856)<br />
Abhandlung über die Preisfrage: “Ist die Materie des Lichts und<br />
des Feuers die nämliche, oder eine verschiedene? Giebt es eine eigene<br />
Wärmematerie u. s. w.” [Xy title:] Versuch einer Beantwortung der<br />
von der physischen Klasse der churfürstlichbayerischen Akademie der<br />
Wissenschaften für das Jahr 1799 aufgeworfenen Preisfrage... Gekrönte<br />
Presischrift am 28sten März 1801.<br />
Munich: im akademischen Verlage, 1803.<br />
8vo: p2 A–K8 L4 , 86 leaves, pp. [4] 167 [1] (last page blank). p1<br />
Physikalische Abhandlungen titlepage with woodcut arms; p2, main<br />
titlepage ‘Abhandlung...’; A1, Xy title, ‘Versuch einer Beantwortung<br />
der von der physikalischen Klass...’.<br />
200 x 115mm. First leaf dustsoiled; light foxing.<br />
Binding: Later wrappers.<br />
First edition, Physikalische Abhandlungen der Königlich-baierischen<br />
Akademie der Wissenschaften vol. I; a second volume was published in<br />
1806 but apparently no more.<br />
A prize essay dealing with the nature of light and heat. It was known at this<br />
time from experiments with prisms that the red end of the spectrum was<br />
warmer than the violet end. Weiss describes these experiments on pp. 24–28<br />
with a woodcut diagram of a prism. The prize question was set in 1799 and
Weiss was awarded a prize for his essay on 38 March 1801, even though it<br />
was submitted one and half years late. Weiss seems to have been unaware of<br />
William Herschel’s discovery of infrared light reported in the Philosophical<br />
transactions early in 1800. He discusses Rumford’s work published in the<br />
Philosophical transactions in 1798.<br />
Weiss was awarded his doctorate in 1800 but before teaching spent two years<br />
studying chemistry. Thereafter he turned his attention to crystallography, in<br />
his annotated translation of Haüy’s Traité de minéralogie and in his own De<br />
indagando formarum crystallinarum charactere geometrico principali (Leipzig,<br />
1809).<br />
186<br />
WILLIS, Thomas (1621–1675)<br />
De anima brutorum quae hominis vitalis ac sensitiva est,<br />
exercitationes duae. Prior physiologia... altera pathologica... nempe<br />
cerebrum & nervosum genus aYciunt.<br />
London: Typis E[lizabeth]. F[lesher]. Impensis Ric. Davis, Oxon, 1672.<br />
8vo: a8 a–b8 B–2D8 , 232 leaves, pp. [48] 400 [16]<br />
8 folding engraved plates, numbered Tabula I–VIII.<br />
152 x 95mm. A few spots but a good fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Nineteenthcentury vellum boards.<br />
Provenance: Inscription on title ‘Ex libris Jacquet medicinae Hudiosi<br />
1860’ and 7 pages of his notes on other works by Willis on endleaves<br />
and verso of imprimatur leaf. Inscribed ‘M & W. Pagel’ on pastedown.<br />
Second edition; there are two other issues, with the imprints ‘Londini,<br />
Prostant apud Gulielm. Wells, & Rob. Scot, 1672’; and ‘Amstelodami,<br />
Apud Joannem Blaeu, MDCLXXII’. (First edition, 4to, Oxford 1672).<br />
H. J. R. Wing, Bibliography of Dr Thomas Willis 28; Wing W2826;<br />
ESTC R200946; Madan 2954.<br />
A classic of neurological anatomy, pathology, and medical psychology.<br />
‘In explaining the functions of the sensitive soul, [Willis] recapitulated<br />
many of the neurophysiological concepts Wrst introduced in Cerebri anatome<br />
[1664], especially those of localization, and extended these to invertebrates<br />
with some of the Wrst detailed dissections of the earthworm, oyster, and<br />
lobster. He traced in detail how vibratory impressions from the Wve senses<br />
are transmitted through the plenum of animal spirits which inhabit the<br />
nervous system, and how these impulses are interpreted, processed, and<br />
stored in specialized parts of the cerebrum and medulla oblongata... Willis<br />
was not satisWed with anatomical investigation and speculative interpretation.<br />
He goes on to argue, with the aid of extensive case histories and numerous<br />
postmortems, how a broad range of disorders are due to derangement of<br />
the neural portion of the corporeal soul. Sleeping and waking, headache,<br />
lethargy, narcolepsy, coma, nightmare, vertigo, apoplexy, delirium, frenzy,<br />
and paralysis – all are of neurological, rather than supernatural or humoral,<br />
origins... Willis’ ideas of cerebral localization were the impetus for a line of<br />
experimental work traceable into the early nineteenth century. This notion
of the corporeal soul in the nervous system, and the disorders to which it was<br />
prone, was both a contribution to comparative psychology and the beginning<br />
of modern concepts of neurology. His speculations on the involuntary<br />
functions of the “intercostal” and “vagal” nerves provided the foundation<br />
of our knowledge of the autonomic nervous system.’ (Robert G. Frank, Jr.<br />
DSB 14:408a.)<br />
In the famous chapter ‘De stupiditate sive morosi’ (‘a treasury of clinical<br />
astuteness’ in CraneWeld’s words) Willis gives the Wrst description of<br />
schizophrenia.<br />
The plates illustrate human and sheep brains, along with the anatomy of<br />
a lobster, an oyster, and an earthworm. The dissections were carried out by<br />
Edmund King and J. Master. (See F. J. Cole A history of comparative anatomy,<br />
pp. 222–231.)<br />
The octavo second edition was entered in the Stationers’ Company register<br />
on 5 January 1672 while the 4to Wrst edition was still being printed in Oxford.<br />
Both editions were probably available simultaneously, the Oxford 4to serving<br />
as a deluxe edition, the cheaper 8vo, issued in both London and Amsterdam,<br />
the standard trade edition. Overall this represents an unusually sophisticated<br />
marketing strategy.<br />
Garrison and Morton 1544, 4513, 4730, 4793, 4919, 4966; Paul F. CraneWeld,<br />
‘Thomas Willis on stupidity and foolishness,’ Bulletin of Medical History 35 (1961)<br />
291–316; Hunter and Macalpine, Three hundred years of psychiatry (1963) pp. 187–<br />
192.<br />
187<br />
WILLIS, Thomas (1621–1675)<br />
Pharmaceutice rationalis. Sive diatriba de medicamentorum<br />
operationibus in humano corpore... E Theatro Sheldoniano. M. DC.<br />
LXXIV. Prostant apud Robertum Scott Bibliopolam Londinensem.<br />
Pars secunda... E Theatro Sheldoniano. M. DC. LXXV.<br />
Oxford: Archbishop Fell’s press for Robert Scott, 1674–75.<br />
2 volumes 4to: I: [a]–d 4 A–2T 4 2u 2 , 186 leaves, pp. [32] 330 [10]. II:<br />
a–f 4 g 2 (c) 2 A–3I 4 3K 2 , 250 leaves, pp. [56] 496 (i.e. 438, several errors in<br />
pagination) [12]. Engraving of the Sheldonian Theatre on each titlepage.<br />
14 engraved plates, numbered Tab. I–VI and I–VIII.<br />
Part I. 202 x 142mm. Light waterstains; worm tracks in the inner<br />
margin of last few leaves. A fresh crisp copy. Part II. 206 x 150mm.<br />
Title leaf soiled and frayed, repairs to last leaf with loss of a few<br />
letters; light waterstains throughout, Wrst and last few leaves uniformly<br />
browned, plates dustsoiled.<br />
Binding: Part I. Contemporary vellum boards, a few worm holes and a<br />
short tear in the upper joint. Part II. Recent quarter roan.<br />
Provenance: Part I. Early inscription, undeciphered, on free<br />
endleaf; Marcellino Ventuosi, signature dated 1852 on free endleaf.<br />
Contemporary annotations, mostly single words, in a contemporary<br />
hand. No marks of provenance or annotation in Part II
First edition. Variants of both titlepages exist, with or without the words<br />
‘Prostant apud Robertum Scott [etc]’ in the imprint (as in the Wrst and<br />
second parts respectively here). 12mo editions were printed at Oxford<br />
in the same years and at the Hague, Part I in 1674 and 1675 and Part<br />
II in 1677; an 8vo edition of both parts was published at Oxford in<br />
1679 although the titlepage to Part II is dated 1678. Wing W2844A;<br />
ESTC R187752; Madan 3032, 3083; H. J. R. Wing, A bibliography of<br />
Dr. Thomas Willis 32, 34.<br />
‘Willis’s last work deals with the anatomy and physiology of the thoracic and<br />
abdominal organs, and contains the Wrst description of the superWcial lymphatics<br />
of the lungs, the Wrst clinical and pathological account of emphysema, and<br />
a clear and accurate description of pertussis (whoopingcough). The book<br />
also contains the Wrst distinction between diabetes mellitus, characterized<br />
by glycosuria, [and] diabetes insipidus, in which sugar is not present in the<br />
urine. Willis noted that psychogenic factors, such as grief or sadness, could<br />
bring on diabetes. The second volume, published posthumously, includes a<br />
life of the author.’ (Norman Library 2248.)<br />
Because the two volumes were not published together, it is not unusual to<br />
Wnd the volumes alone, or brought together from diVerent sources, as here.<br />
188<br />
WILLIS, Thomas (1621–1675)<br />
Pharmaceutice rationalis: or, an exercitation of the operations of<br />
medicines in humane bodies. Shewing the signs, causes, and cures of<br />
most distempers incident thereunto. In two parts. As also A treatise of<br />
the scurvey, and the several sorts thereof, with their symptoms, causes,<br />
and cure.<br />
London: printed for T. Dring, C. Harper, and J. Leigh in Fleetstreet: and are<br />
to be sold by R. Clavell at the Peacock, at the West End of St. Paul’s, 1679.<br />
Folio. Part I: A4 a–b4 B–u4 X2 , 90 leaves, pp. [24] 155 [1] (last page<br />
blank). 6 engraved plates numbered Tab I–VI.<br />
Part II: A–2A4 , 94 leaves, pp. [8] 179 [1] (last page blank). 8 engraved<br />
plates numbered Tab I–VIII.<br />
Part III: A–G4 H2 (–H2), 29 leaves, pp. 56 [2].<br />
First edition in English. Another issue is without Robert Clavell’s name in<br />
the imprint. H. J. R. Wing, Bibliography of Dr Thomas Willis, 54; Wing<br />
W2848; ESTC R23777.<br />
[Bound with:]<br />
The remaining medical works... viz. I. Of fermentation. II. Of<br />
feavours. III. Of urines. IV. Of the accension of the bloud. V. Of<br />
musculary motion. VI. Of the anatomy of the brain. VII. Of the<br />
description and use of the nerves. VIII. Of convulsive diseases.<br />
London: Printed for T. Dring, C. Harper, J. Leigh, and S. Martyn, and<br />
are to be sold by Robert Clavell, at the Peacock in St Paul’s Church-Yard,<br />
1681.
Folio: Prelims: A2 , 2 leaves, pp [4].<br />
Engraved portrait by Loggan (bound before the Pharmacuetice<br />
rationalis)<br />
Part I: ‘A medicalphilosophical discourse of fermentation’ 1681: A–Z4 2A2 (–2A1), 93 leaves, pp. [8] 178.<br />
Part II, ‘Five treatises’ 1681: p1 B–2B4 2C2 (–2C2). 98 leaves, pp. [4]<br />
192.<br />
16 leaves of engraved plates, the Wrst printed from 2 plates, numbered<br />
[1] 1–6 [1] 7–8 [1] 9–13.<br />
Part III, ‘An Essay of the pathology of the brain’ 1681: p2 B–O4 P2 (–P2) (a)–(h)2 (–h2), 70 leaves, pp. [4] 106 [30].<br />
First edition in English. Another issue is without Robert Clavell’s name in<br />
the imprint. H. J. R. Wing, Bibliography of Dr Thomas Willis 56; Wing<br />
W2855; ESTC R201447.<br />
303 x 187mm. Pharmaceutice rationalis: clean tear in part III, D3 into<br />
the text without loss. Remaining medical works: paper Xaw in part II,<br />
C2 aVecting a few letters without loss of sense. A few rust spots. Fine<br />
fresh copies.<br />
Binding: Two works bound together in contemporary panelled calf, gilt<br />
spine, red edges. Rebacked with the original spine laid down.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary signature ‘Wm. Vranceys’ on title and a<br />
few pointing Wsts in the margins; bookplate of the Rt Hon. Washington<br />
Sewallis Earl Ferrers of Chartley with inscription above ‘Ferrers<br />
Chartley 1843’ and a small stamp.<br />
The two volumes bound together here comprise the Wrst editions in English of<br />
all of Willis’ works apart from the translation of De anima brutorum published<br />
two years later in 1683 (see below). The translator of Pharmaceutice Rationalis<br />
is not given, but Wood says that ‘being not well done it was corrected by S. P.<br />
esq’ (Athenae Oxonienses, iii, cols. 1048–1053). This S. P. is the poet Samuel<br />
Pordage (1633–1691) who is credited with the translations of the rest. Pordage<br />
began his pubishing career with a translation of Seneca (1660) and was well<br />
known as a poet. His translations of Willis’ works came late in his career.<br />
In 1684 the Pharmaceutice rationalis was ‘newly translated’ and issued with<br />
a reprint of The Remaining Medical Works and the sheets of the Two Discourses<br />
concerning Soul of Brutes.<br />
189<br />
WILLIS, Thomas (1621–1675)<br />
Two discourses concerning the soul of brutes, which is that of the<br />
vital and sensitive of man. The Wrst physiological, shewing the nature,<br />
parts, powers, and aVections of the same. The other pathological,<br />
which unfolds the diseases which aVect it and its primary seat; to wit,<br />
the brain and nervous stock, and treats of their cures.<br />
London: printed for Thomas Dring at the harrow near Chancery-Lane End<br />
in Fleet-street, Ch. Harper at the Flower-de-Luce against St. Dunstan’s<br />
Church in Fleet-street, and John Leigh at Stationers-Hall, 1683.
Folio: A–N4 P–2G4 2H–2I2 (–2I2), 121 leaves, pp. [8] 1–96 105–234 [8].<br />
7 leaves of plates containing impressions from 8 copperplates<br />
numbered Tab. I–VIII (VI and VII on one leaf).<br />
315 x 195mm. Titlepage dustsoiled; margins of sigs B–E (16 leaves)<br />
frayed; tiny worm tracks in upper corner, only touching the headlines;<br />
marginal stains, overall dustsoiling, but the plates clean and fresh.<br />
Binding: Contemporary blind ruled calf, red sprinkled edges.<br />
Rebacked, new spine, endleaves apparently original.<br />
Provenance: Inked out inscriptions on titlepage; contemporary<br />
signature of Thomas Long on front pastedown, repeated on free<br />
endleaf and ‘County Comman’ written on rear endleaf in the same<br />
hand; other inscriptions inked over on free endleaf and titlepage.<br />
First edition in English of De anima brutorum (1672); it was also issued<br />
as part V of Dr. Willis’s Practice of Physick (1684). H. J. R. Wing,<br />
Bibliography of Dr Thomas Willis 58; Wing W2856; ESTC R219572;<br />
Norman Library 2247.<br />
The English translation of De anima brutorum, in which the word ‘psychology’<br />
is Wrst used in the modern English sense.<br />
Two discourses concerning the soul of brutes was issued on its own in 1683, as<br />
this copy, and also appended to Dr. Willis’s Practice of Physick, being the Whole<br />
Works of that Renowned and Famous Physician (1684). This was obviously not<br />
the original intention as an ‘Advertisement’ at the foot of the last page in the<br />
present work is for Dr Willis’s Practice of Physick described as having 10 parts<br />
with 30 plates. In the event, the Practice contained 11 parts with 38 plates, the<br />
Wnal part being a reissue of the sheets of the present work.<br />
190<br />
WOLFF, Caspar Friedrich (1733–1794)<br />
Theoria generationis quam pro gradu doctoris medicinae stabilivit<br />
publice eam defensurus d. 28. Novembr. 1759. h. l. q. s.<br />
Halle: litteris Hendelianis, 1759.<br />
4to: A–R4 S2 (S2 +1) T2 , 73 leaves, pp. 146. Woodcut vignette on title,<br />
woodcut headpieces and initial borders.<br />
2 engraved plates, numbered Tab I–II, signed ‘Auctor ad nat. del.<br />
Gründler sc. Hallae’ (bound at the end as foldouts).<br />
255 x 202mm. Some minor spotting and light paper discolouration.<br />
Binding: Contemporary calf, gilt spine, paste paper endleaves. Head<br />
and tail of spine chipped, joints cracked but cords holding, spine and<br />
corners worn.<br />
Provenance: Charming engraved bookplate of Christian Andreas<br />
Cothenius (1708–1789); Pagel’s annotation about the provenance on<br />
free endleaf (see below).<br />
First edition, large paper issue. Garrison–Morton 470; Norman Library<br />
2257; Waller 11039.
A presentation copy on large paper of a fundamental work on embryology.<br />
This is WolV’s MD thesis in which he refuted the theory of preformation<br />
and put forward a theory of epigenesis which laid the foundations of the<br />
germlayer theory of Baer and Pander. He demonstrated the truth of his<br />
theory with detailed microscopic observations on developing plant and chick<br />
embryos. In the latter he followed the development of the heart and blood<br />
vessels. ‘WolV’s fundamental achievement was the refutation of the theory<br />
of preformation, which considered the development of an organism to be<br />
simply the expansion of an invisible, transparent, fully formed embryo’ (A.<br />
E. Gaissinovitch, DSB 15: 524).<br />
This is a large paper copy, almost certainly a presentation copy from WolV<br />
to his patron Christian Andreas Cothenius. (The ordinary paper copies are<br />
220mm tall, or less if rebound and cut down like the Norman copy, 200 x<br />
163mm.) Pagel has noted on the endleaf: ‘From the library of Cothenius with<br />
his bookplate. C. was chief of the medical corps of the Prussian Army under<br />
Frederick the Great and a personal patron of Casp F. WolV, as the latter tells us<br />
in his second work, Theorie von der Generation 1764 (Voerede). It is reasonable<br />
to assume that this copy was a personal gift of WolV to Cothenius.’<br />
On the importance of the Theoria generationis for botany, see Julius von Sachs,<br />
History of Botany (1890) pp. 249–253.<br />
191<br />
WOLFF, Caspar Friedrich (1733–1794)<br />
Theorie von der Generation in zwo Abhandlungen erklärt und<br />
bewiesen.<br />
Berlin: Friedrich Wilhelm Birnstiel, 1764.<br />
8vo: )( 8 A–S8 (blanks S7,8), 152 leaves, pp. [16] 283 [1] and [4, blank].<br />
Woodcut vignette on title, woodcut head and tailpieces and initials.<br />
75 x 103mm.<br />
Binding: Contemporary pastepaper boards, paper label with gilt<br />
lettering. Spine and corners worn.<br />
First edition.<br />
WolV’s Latin dissertation, Theoria generationis (1759) had been criticised<br />
by Haller and Bonnet. ‘... he restated his theory of generation and replied<br />
to Haller’s and Bonnet’s criticism in Theorie von der Generation – further<br />
decreasing his chances of obtaining a professorship’ (A. E. Gaissinovitch,<br />
DSB 15: 524b).<br />
192<br />
WOLFF, Caspar Friedrich (1733–1794)<br />
Theoria generationis... editio nova, aucta et emendata.<br />
Halle: typis et sumtu Io. Christ. Hendeli, 1774.<br />
8vo: a–d 8 A–O 8 P 4 , 148 leaves, pp, LXIV 231 [1] (errata on last page).
2 engraved plates: numbered Tab I–II, signed ‘Auctor ad. nat. del’<br />
(bound as throwouts on full blank leaves at the end).<br />
200 x 120mm.<br />
Binding: Nineteenth century boards. Worn.<br />
Provenance: Early signature P. Wagner on free endleaf.<br />
Second edition (Wrst 1759). Wellcome V, p. 460; Blake p. 494; Waller<br />
11038.<br />
This edition adds a foreword dated 4 November 1773, a long ‘Praemonenda<br />
de theoria generationis’ and an index replying to criticisms (pp. xi–lxiv), but<br />
omits the ‘Expositio et ratio instituti’ and ‘Conspectus dissertationis’ in the<br />
Wrst edition (1759, pp. 5–11).<br />
193<br />
WOLFF, Caspar Friedrich (1733–1794)<br />
Über die Bildung des Darmkanals im bebrüteten Hühnchen.<br />
uebersetzt und mit einer einleitenden Abhandlung und Anmerkungen<br />
versehen von Johann Friedrich Meckel.<br />
Halle: in der Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1812.<br />
8vo, pp. 263 [1].<br />
2 engraved plates, numbered Taf I–II, signed ‘C. F. Wolf Bildg. d.<br />
Darmkls.’ (bound as throwouts on full blank leaves at the end).<br />
201 x 120mm. A good fresh and clean copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary marbled boards, gilt bands and lettering on<br />
spine. Spine ends and corners rubbed.<br />
Provenance: Old initials or shelf mark ‘I.W.17.’ on pastedown.<br />
First German and Wrst book edition, a translation by J. F. Meckel of ‘De<br />
formatione intestinorum praecipue’, Novi Commentarii Academiae<br />
Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae, 12 (1768) 43–47 and 13 (1769)<br />
478–530. Wellcome V, p. 460; Waller 11989.<br />
‘One of the acknowledged classics of embryology. WolV’s description of<br />
the formation of the chick’s intestine by the rolling inwards of a leaflike<br />
layer of the blastoderm was important as proving his theory of epigensesis.’<br />
(Garrison–Morton 471.)<br />
‘The publication of Meckel’s translation of WolV’s treatise on the formation<br />
of the intestines of the chick was an event whose importance, in view of the<br />
profound inXuence which this work exerted upon Pander and von Baer, it<br />
would be diYcult to overestimate.’ (Adelmann.)<br />
Meckel added a 56 page introduction and notes.<br />
Howard B. Adelmann, Marcel Malpighi and the Evolution of Embryology, (1966),<br />
iv, pp. 1652–1702.
194<br />
WOODALL, John (1556–1643)<br />
The surgeons mate or Military & domestique surgery.<br />
Discovering faithfully & plainly the method and order of the surgeons<br />
chest, the uses of the instruments, the vertues and operations of the<br />
medicines, w[i]th the exact cures of wounds made by gunshott, and<br />
otherwise as namely: wounds, apostumes, ulcers, Wstula’s, fractures,<br />
dislocations, w[i]th the most easie & safest wayes of amputation or<br />
dismembring, The cures of the scurvey, of the Xuxes of the belly, of<br />
the collicke and iliaca passio, of tenasmus and exitus ani, and of the<br />
calenture, with A treatise of the cure of the plague.<br />
London: printed by Rob: Young [, J. Legate? and E. Purslowe], for<br />
Nicholas Bourne, and are to be sold at his shop at the south entrance of the<br />
Royall Exchange, 1639.<br />
Folio: A–B6 C–G8 H–O4 P6 2A–2R4 ; 6 ; 3A–3O4 3P–3R², 206 leaves,<br />
pp. [36] 26 [6] 27–98 141–275 [1]; [12]; 301–412 [12]. Without the<br />
Epistle to Clitherow found in some copies. Engraved title on A1<br />
signed ‘G. Glover fecit’; woodcut headpieces and initials. Woodcut of<br />
the allegorical Wgure of Mercury on p. 225; woodcut astrological and<br />
alchemical symbols on pp. 248–60. 1, title page to ‘Viaticum’ with<br />
imprint ‘printed by E. P. for Nicholas Bourne’; 3C2r, titlepage, ‘A<br />
Treatise, faithfull and plainely declaring the way of preventing’; 3K3r,<br />
titlepage ‘A treatise on gangrena,’ the last two with imprint ‘printed by<br />
E. P. for Nicholas Bourne’. The inserted leaf after A4 is a poem ‘To<br />
his very worthy and entirely respected friend and brother’.<br />
6 insets: engraved equestrian portrait of Charles I (frontispiece);<br />
folding plate of instruments (after D1v, the instruments are described<br />
in the preceding pages); engraved plate to ‘Enema fumosum’ (after<br />
p. 26); folding letterpress chart of the surgeons’ chest (after p. 26);<br />
engraved plate of trepanning instruments (after p. 312); engraved plate<br />
of amputation instruments (after p. 412).<br />
305 x 195mm. Frontispiece and titlepage heavily stained, slightly<br />
defective in the margins and reinforced on versos, these and the<br />
additional leaf in sig. A and plate facing p. 312, also heavily stained<br />
in the margins, have been extended in the lower margins and are<br />
apparently supplied from another copy; plate facing p. 26 cut close<br />
to the margins and mounted; some light soiling and staining, but<br />
otherwise a fairly fresh copy.<br />
Binding: Contemporary blind ruled calf. Rebacked, one corner<br />
restored, two others very worn; new endleaves.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary prescriptions on the verso of the<br />
frontispiece, which as noted above may come from a diVerent copy<br />
from the rest of the book.<br />
Second, enlarged edition (Wrst 1617). A reprint of this second edition was<br />
published in 1655. STC 25963; ESTC S95910; Krivatsy 13141.
First published as The surgions Mate in 1617, this was the Wrst textbook written<br />
for naval surgeons and has been called ‘the Wrst good medical textbook of<br />
its kind in English’ (ODNB). It is famous for Woodall’s early advocacy of<br />
the use of lemons and limes to prevent scurvy.<br />
Woodall’s other writings are included in this<br />
second edition which is the Wrst collected edition<br />
of his works. The work reXects Woodall’s support<br />
of Paracelsian chemistry and chemical medicines.<br />
There is also a section on alchemy (expanded<br />
from the Wrst edition) and an essay entitled<br />
‘Certain fragments concerning chirurgerie and<br />
alchymie,’ published in this edition for the Wrst<br />
time with a table of alchemical symbols and a<br />
glossary of alchemical terms (Debus, The English<br />
Paracelsians pp. 99–101).<br />
One of the most prominent surgeons of his<br />
generation, Woodall played a leading role in the<br />
Company of BarberSurgeons, becoming master<br />
in 1632. He was involved in the building of the<br />
company’s anatomy theatre, designed by Inigo<br />
Jones and modelled on the anatomy theatre<br />
at Padua. In 1613 he was appointed the Wrst<br />
surgeongeneral of the East India Company.<br />
‘The instruments and medicines for a<br />
surgeon’s chest, with their uses, are clearly described, followed by sections<br />
on acute surgical problems, potentially lethal medical conditions, a discourse<br />
on scurvy, and a treatise about alchemy and chemical medicines. Woodall’s is<br />
also the earliest comprehensive clinical account of scurvy to prescribe lemon<br />
juice for its prevention and cure. Between 1626 and 1628 the BarberSurgeons<br />
were authorized to supply surgeons’ chests for the navy, merchant marine, and<br />
the army, which prompted Woodall to publish in 1628 his Viaticum, the Path-<br />
Way to the Surgeons Chest; specializing in the treatment of gunshot wounds it<br />
was mainly designed to instruct young surgeons with the English troops who<br />
attempted to relieve Huguenots blockaded in the Atlantic port of La Rochelle.<br />
This short work and Woodall’s Treatise... of... the Plague and a Treatise of<br />
Gangrene and Sphacelos were incorporated with separate titlepages in a revised<br />
and extended edition of The Surgions Mate... in 1639. Dedicated to Charles I,<br />
it contains an equestrian portrait of the king engraved by William Marshall and<br />
a Wne plate illustrating Woodall’s own invented hand trephine, safely used for<br />
cutting holes in skulls for the next three centuries. His detailed description of<br />
the amputation of sphacelos, or dead tissue, at the upper limit of established<br />
gangrene, enabling him to save more than a hundred lives, was long accepted<br />
as a standard work on the subject.’ (John H. Appleby in ODNB.)<br />
Bibliographical note. Signature G contains 8 leaves: G1,2 signed; G3 unsigned;<br />
G4,5 signed G3,2; G6–8 unsigned. It is not clear from this copy which<br />
leaves are conjugate. The contents of these leaves are as follows: G1–2, pp.<br />
23–26; G3r–v, verses, ‘To his very worthy and entirely respected friend and<br />
Brother’; G4r–G6r ‘Enema fumosum, or a Fumous Glister’; G6v blank;<br />
G7r–8r pp. 27–29; G8v blank. In most copies the unsigned leaf containing the
verses, by G. Dunn, is bound with the prelims. In the collation in the ESTC<br />
collation (from the Folger copy) it is bound after B5 and designated p1; in<br />
the EEBO images (from the Glasgow university Library copy) it is bound<br />
after A4. The Folger collation records signature G as an 8leaf gathering,<br />
even though G3 is removed to the prelims, counting the letterpress layout of<br />
the surgeon’s chest as part of the gathering. Since it is printed on a full sheet<br />
(and therefore cannot be conjugate with any other leaf in the gathering) and<br />
has the legend ‘Place this Chest, betwixt Fol. 26 and 27’ it seems best to treat<br />
is as an insert as I have done.<br />
Printing was divided between three shops: Young printed the Wrst set of<br />
signatures, apparently Legat printed the second, and Purslowe the third<br />
(STC). The large gaps in pagination are no doubt caused by over cautious<br />
castingoV.<br />
195<br />
ZEIDLER, Sebastian Christian von<br />
Somatotomia andropologica [sic], seu Corporis Humani Fabrica<br />
methodice divisa, & controversarum quaestionum discussionibus<br />
illustrata.<br />
Prague: typis Joannis Caroli Gerzabek, 1686.<br />
Folio: )+( 2 , )*( 2 , A–2G2 , 64 leaves, pp. [8] 118 [2]. Woodcut initials and<br />
headpieces.<br />
29 engraved plates: engraved titlepage dated 1685 and Tab 1–28, the<br />
Wrst in duplicate in this copy.<br />
295 x 185mm. Text and plates browned but fresh, tear in blank margin<br />
of Tab. 12, Tabs 27 and 28 waterstained.<br />
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, page edges stained green.<br />
Provenance: Contemporary inscription ‘Libris Joannis Thomae Bosch<br />
Medicinae Doctoris’ on endleaf.<br />
First edition, state of title with misspelling ‘andropologica’ on title<br />
(corrected to ‘anthropologica in some copies). The work was reissued<br />
in 1692. Krivatsy 13244; Heirs of Hippocrates 628.<br />
A rare anatomy which presumably reXects Zeidler’s teaching at Prague.<br />
Zeidler was responsible for building an anatomy theatre at the Charity Hospital<br />
there, shown in the interior and exterior views on the engraved titlepage.<br />
The dissecting scene is curiously old fashioned, showing Zeidler using a long<br />
pointer while a dissector wields the knife. This is odd, given that the book was<br />
published almost 150 years after Vesalius had shown himself as both professor<br />
and dissector on the titlepage of the Fabrica (1543). It seems improbable<br />
that Zeidler was still teaching ex cathedra, so perhaps the artist was simply<br />
following an older convention.<br />
Apart from Brockbank and Wilson’s article, an oVprint of which is laid in,<br />
the book seems to be unknown to medical historians.<br />
W. Brockbank and G. Wilson, ‘The Anatomy of Zeidlern (1686)’, Medical History<br />
1 (1957) 353–4 and plate.
<strong>Roger</strong> <strong>Gaskell</strong><br />
Warboys, Cambridgeshire<br />
Designed by Kitzinger, London<br />
Printed by Henry Ling, Dorchester<br />
April 2010