pdf - Roger Gaskell Rare Books

oger gaskell rare books
books from the library
of
walter pagel
Part II:
books printed after 1600

From the library of Walter Pagel

Books from the library
of Walter Pagel (1896–1983)
Part II
Roger Gaskell Rare Books

Catalogue 42
ROGER GASKELL RARE BOOKS
17 Ramsey Road, Warboys,
Cambridgeshire pe28 2rw, uK
Telephone (+44/0) 1487 823059
Fax (+44/0) 1487 823070
E-mail roger@RogerGaskell.com
www.RogerGaskell.com
Cover illustrations are taken from the titlepage of item 75;
the frontispiece is from item 136.

This is the second of two catalogues of books from the library of
Walter Pagel (1896–1983), one of the most influential historians of
science of the twentieth century. The first, Catalogue 41, with a biographical
introduction, described books printed in the fifteenth and
sixteenth centuries; this one, books printed from the seventeenth to the
twentieth centuries. The books reflect Pagel’s major areas of historical
research, centred on the figures of William Harvey (1578–1667), Jean
Baptiste van Helmont (1577–1644) and Paracelsus (1493–1541). Major
themes in this catalogue are alchemy; the Harveian subjects of the
circulation of the blood and theories of generation; and the history of
optics. And, there are works by some of the key figures in the history
of science, including Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Einstein.
Before his death in 1983, Walter Pagel selected from his large library
the rarest, the most valuable, and the most significant books to leave to
his son Bernard Pagel, FRS (1930–2007). These are the books offered
in my two catalogues of the Pagel books. The rest of Walter Pagel’s
library was sold at Sotheby’s in 1984 and his papers were given to the
Wellcome Library.
pagel’s ownership marks
All the books in this catalogue are from the library of Walter Pagel
(1893–1983). Almost all carry the ex­libris of his son Bernard Pagel
on a slip of paper pasted to the inside of the upper board, typed or
written in Walter Pagel’s own hand. This he did as he selected books
to leave to his son and segregated them from the rest of the collection
before it was consigned to Sotheby’s. In one case, at an earlier date, he
inscribed a more elaborate dedication: ‘Walter Pagel. d.d.d. Bernardo
E. J. Pagel. MCMLX’ (no. 112). Walter Pagel signed a minority of
his books with his own name, in some cases with a date, and two are
inscribed or initialled with the names of Walter Pagel and his wife
Magdelene (nos 123 and 186). Pagel did not annotate his books, except
for some rare notes on the endleaves or on inserted scraps of paper.

1
ACCADEMIA DEL CIMENTO
Essayes of natural experiments made in the Academie del
Cimento, under the protection of the most serene prince Leopold of
Tuscany. Written in Italian by the secretary of that academy. Englished
by Richard Waller, Fellow of the Royal Society.
London: printed for Benjamin Alsop at the Angel and Bible in the Poultry,
over-against the Church, 1684.
4to: [A] 4 a–b4 B–Z4 (blank Z4), 100 leaves, pp. [24] 164 (i.e. 164,
77–80 repeated) [12] (last 2 pages blank). Order to print on [A]1v.
20 engraved plates: engraved title signed ‘R. Waller delin’ and plates
numbered Tab. 1–19.
229 x 165mm. Some light browning and occasional waterstains.
Binding: Eighteenth­century panelled sprinkled calf. Old neat repairs
to joints, worn.
Provenance: Inscription on Tab. 15 ‘James Aitkin his book’ in an
eighteenth­century hand, and note on the same page beginning ‘I do
not Commend your observation...’ perhaps the draft of a letter.
First edition in English of Saggi di naturali esperienze fatte
nell’Accademia del cimento (Florence, 1667). The Royal
Society’s order to print is dated 27 November 1683. Wing
A161; ESTC R6541.
One of the key texts of the scientiWc revolution and of the
greatest importance for the Royal Society of London who
sponsored this translation. The Ac cademia del Cimento was
founded in 1657 – three years before the Royal Society – with the
express purpose of performing experiments to extend the work
of Galileo. The experimental programme was led by Alfonso
Borelli, Vincenzio Viviani and Evangelista Toricelli. The Saggi di
naturali esperienze was compiled by the secretary to the Academy,
Lorenzo Magalotti. The work includes descriptions of the Wrst
true thermometers and hygrometers and classic experiments on
the velocity of sound, radiant heat, phosphorescence, and the
expansion of water on freezing; and most famously Toricelli’s
experiment on the barometer and air pressure.
The Toricellian experiment and the controversy con cerning
the nature of the vacuum was closely connected with the work
of Robert Boyle, whose New Experiments Physico-Mechanicall,
touching the Spring of Air (1660), was the Wrst publication of
the Royal Society. ‘There is no doubt whatever that the New
Experiments was eagerly read in Florence, for some of Boyle’s
pneumatic experiments are referred to in the Saggi’(Middleton
p. 263). unlike the original Italian edition, a lavish folio for
presentation only and not sold through the booktrade, the
translation was a commercial venture, published, Middleton
suggests, because ‘there was an enormous interest in the new

natural philosophy among educated laymen, and nowhere more so than in
England’ (Middleton p. 337).
W. E. Knowles Middleton, The Experimenters, a Study of the Accademia del Cimento
(1971). The Wrst edition is Dibner Heralds of Science 82.
2
AGRICOLA, Georg (1494–1555)
De re metallica libri XII. Quibus oYcia, instrumenta, machinae, ac
omnia denique ad metallicam spectantia... Eiusdem De animantibus
subterraneis liber, ab autore recognitus. Cum indicibus diversis,
quicquid in opere tractatum est, pulchrè demonstrantibus.
Basle: sumtibus itemque typis chalcographicis Ludovici Regis, 1621.
Folio: a6 (–a6, blank), a–z6 A–2A6 (–2A5,6, blanks), 285 of 288 leaves,
pp. [10] 538 (i.e. 502, last two pages misnumbered) [58]. Woodcut on
title, woodcut initials and decorations and numerous woodcuts in the
text.
2 woodcut plates (bound as foldouts at pp. 96 and 100).
316 x 200mm. Titlepage soiled and mounted; moderate foxing and
browning throughout and some light marginal waterstains.
Binding: Recent panelled calf, a little rubbed. Bound for Dr Pagel.
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.
Third edition (Wrst edition 1556, second 1561). VD17 23:297726T;
Hoover 19; Ward and Carozzi 33; Wellcome 69.
De re metallica (1556) was ‘the Wrst systematic treatise on mining and metallurgy
and one of the Wrst technological books of modern times... The De Re Metallica
embraces everything connected with the mining industry and metallurgical
processes, including administration, prospecting, the duties of oYcials and
companies and the manufacture of glass, sulphur and alum.... Some of the
most important sections are those on mechanical engineering and the use
of water­power, hauling, pumps, ventilation, blowing of furnaces, transport
of ores, etc., showing a very elaborate technique.’ (Printing and the Mind of
Man).
Agricola’s work is justly famous for the magniWcent series of woodcuts of
mining operations and tools, among the best technical illustrations of the
Renaissance. The Wrst edition of De Re Metallica was published shortly after
Agricola’s death and the later editions are all close reprints of the Wrst, the same
woodblocks being used in seven editions up to 1657. Most were apparently
designed by Blasius WeVring whom Agricola had met at Joachimsthal in 1550
(Helmut M. Wilsdorf in DSB who counts 292 woodcuts). Seven of the blocks
are signed with the monogram ‘RMD’ for Rudolf Hans Manuel Deutsch
(1525–1571). It is not clear if either WeVring or Deutsch cut the blocks.
As in the Wrst edition, Agricola’s unillustrated treatise on animals, De
Animantibus Subterraneis, Wrst published in 1549, is appended.
The Wrst edition is Dibner, Heralds of Science 88; Horblit, One Hundred Books
Famous in Science 2b; Printing and the Mind of Man 79; Sparrow, Milestones of
Science 4; Parkinson, Breakthroughs p. 44.

3
AMMAN, Johann Conrad (1669–1724)
Surdus loquens seu methodus qua, qui surdus natus est, loqui
discere possit.
Amsterdam: apud Henricum Wetstenium, 1692.
8vo: A–C8 D4 (blank D4), 32 leaves, pp. [12] 13–53 [3] (last 2 pages
blank), woodcut device on title.
153 x 92mm. Light browning, single round wormhole in outer margin,
becoming a track at the end of the volume, inner margins of Wrst few
leaves strengthened.
Binding: Recent boards.
Provenance: British Museum with cancelled stamp on verso of title and
shelf mark on recto.
First edition. There were many later editions and an English translation,
The talking deaf man. A method proposed, whereby he who is born deaf,
may learn to speak (London, 1694). Garrison–Morton 3352.
An early treatise on teaching the deaf, particularly interesting for Amman’s
contributions to the development of lip­reading.
Amman was born at SchaVhausen in Switzerland and took his MD at Basel
in 1687. He set up in practice at Amsterdam and gained a great reputation. ‘He
was one of the earliest writers on the instruction of the deaf and dumb, and
Wrst called attention to his method in his Surdus loquens (Amsterdam, 1692),
which was often reprinted... His process consisted principally in exciting the
attention of his pupils to the motions of his lips and larynx while he spoke,
and then inducing them to imitate these movements, till he brought them to
repeat distinctly letters, syllables and words’ (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th
edition, i, 859).
The English translation, The talking deaf man (1694) was done by John
Wallis (1616–1703), Savilian Professor of Mathematics at Oxford and a
prominent teacher of deaf­mutes.
Amman wrote another book on his methods, Dissertatio de loquela (1700).
4
ARNALDuS DE VILLANOVA (d. 1313?)
Omnia, quae exstant opera chymica: videlicet, Thesaurus Thesaurorum:
seu Rosarius Philosophorum: ac omnium secretorum
maximum secretum. Lumen novum. Flos Xorum, & Speculum
alchimiae... Nunc primum ita conjunctim edita, opera & impensis
Heironymi Megiseri.
Frankfurt: Typis Ioachimi Bratheringii; [part 2:] Ex oYcina typographica
Matthiae Beckeri, 1603.
8vo: A–G8 H4 ; 2A–E8 , 100 leaves, pp. 120; 80. Dated titlepage to
second part, ‘Speculum alchimiae’; Xeuron borders to both titlepages.
Wellcome 484; Krivatsy 406; Ferguson, I, p. 43.

[bound with:]
PARACELSuS
Libri quinque de causis, signis & curationibus morborum
ex tartaro utilissimi. Opera et industria nobilis viri Adami a
Bodenstein... Basileae, per Petrum Pernam. 1563.
Basle: Peter Perna, 1563
8vo: 8
* a–r8 (–blanks r7,8), 142 of 144 leaves, pp. [16] 265 [3] (last
page blank).
SudhoV 54; Ferguson, Paracelsus 51; VD16 P711.
[and:]
PARACELSuS
Libri XIIII. Paragraphorum... nunc primum à doctore Toxite in
communem utilitatem integritati restituti, latinisq[ue] explicationibus
qua Weri potuit diligentia, at[que] studio illustrati... Argentorati apud
Christianum Mylium. [Colophon:] Argentorati Excudebat Christianus
Mylius, in foro frumentario. Anno M.D. LXXV.
Strasbourg: Christian Müller, 1575.
8vo: a–c8 A–M8 , 120 leaves, pp. [48] 191 [1]. Colophon on last page
with printer’s device.
First Latin edition, an expanded version of Dreyzehen Bücher... Eremite
Paragraphorum (4to, 48 leaves, Basle, 1571). SudhoV 160; VD16 P517.
150 x 87mm. Item 1: shoulder notes shaved; titlepage border of second
part cropped. Item 3: shoulder notes shaved; marginal repairs to a5
and a6, touching a few letters; colophon leaf stained and strengthened.
Light browning to all three works.
Binding: Later seventeenth­century vellum boards, red edges.
Provenance: Contemporary signature ‘W. Zinn’ on title of the third
work; nineteenth century signature ‘Kohler’ on endleaf.
1. Arnaldi, Omnia, quae exstant opera chymica. First collected edition of
Arnaldus’ alchemical works.
Sarton notes that most of the many alchemical treatises ascribed to Arnold
are probably apocryphal. The ‘Thesaurus thesaurorum, Rosarius philosophorum’
is the most extensive and survives in a large number of manuscripts and
must have been very popular. The collection also contains the ‘Novum lumen’
and ‘Perfectum magisterium et gaudium... quod quidem est Flos Xorum’ and
the ‘Speculum alchymiae’ (with its own titlepage) which is a dialogue between
a master and his pupil. (Sarton, II, p. 896, works 57, 58, 59 and 64.) The
‘Speculum alchimiae’ was Wrst published at Frankfurt, by Romanus Beatus in
the previous year, an entirely diVerent edition according to Ferguson.
2. Paracelsus, Libri quinque de causis, signis & curationibus morborum ex tartaro
utilissimi (1563).
This concerns Paracelsus’ concept of ‘tartarous diseases’ caused by deposits
of salts of tartar in the joints and other parts of the body, rather than an
imbalance of humours. He had Wrst advanced this theory in De Morbis Tartereis

(1531). This was the Wrst suggestion of a chemical or metabolic cause for any
disease. According to Paracelsus, the cause of this build up of the salts was
the inability of certain individuals to metabolise the tartar. At the same time
there might be external factors, such as the water supply and Paracelsus noted
that in Switzerland there was no gout, no colic, no rheumatism and no stone.
It is now known that the cause of gout is the accumulation of uric acid in the
blood and the deposit of sodium biurate in the tissues: Paracelsus’ suggestion
of a chemical cause and of an ‘inborn error of metabolism’ (in Archibald
Garrod’s phrase) was extraodinary – and had little inXuence till much later.
(Copeman pp. 3 and 52–3).
Pagel owned another copy of this work, bound with Paracelsus, Libri
V de vita longa (1566, see my Catalogue 41, no. 83) in which he noted: ‘In this
volume the discovery of sedimentation of protein by acid e.g. in urine is set out
on p. 217 in the second work – on Tartarus. W.P. See my Paracelsus p. 161’.
Henry Maximilian Pachter, Paracelsus; Magic into Science (1951); W. S. C.
Copemen, A Short History of the Gout, (1964).
3. Paracelsus, Libri XIIII. Paragraphorum (1575).
Descriptions of ‘perfect and true cures’ by Paracelsus to many diYcult
diseases.
5
ASHMOLE, Elias (1617–1692)
Theatrum chemicum Britannicum containing severall poeticall
pieces of our famous English Philosophers, who have written the
Hermetique Mysteries in their owne ancient language. Faithfully
collected into one volume, with annotations thereon, by Elias Ashmole,
Esq. Qui est Mercuriophilus Anglicus. The Wrst part.
London: printed by J. Grismond for Nath: Brooke, at the Angel in
Cornhill, 1652.
4to: A–3R 4 (–3R4) 3S 4 , 255 leaves, pp. [16] 486 (281–4 omitted,
289–92 repeated) [8]. Title printed in red and black with engraved
device; 12 engravings printed in the text (6 full page), mostly signed
‘Ro: Vaughan sculp’; woodcut on p. 212, repeated on p. 379; woodcut
initials, typographic decorations.
Folding plate ‘Here followeth the Figure conteyning all the secrets of
the Treatise both great and small’ facing p. 116.
184 x 140mm. A few headlines shaved, foot of Z4 remargined;
titlepage lightly soiled, light foxing; a good large and fresh copy with
strong impressions of the plates.
Binding: Nineteenth­century crushed blue morocco, gilt panelled
sides, gilt spine, marbled endleaves, gilt edges. Joints rubbed and
upper joint starting to crack but sound.
Provenance: Contemporary or early inscription on title ‘Ex libris H.
Cobb [£0]–6[s]–6[d]’ and one or two early marginal annotations;
nineteenth­century bookplate ‘Nathan of Churt’ and another
bookplate of a baron’s coronet with no lettering.

First edition, Wrst issue, without the additional errata leaf and
‘hieroglyphic’ plate. The collation agrees with the Thomason copy,
received on 4 February. Wing A3987; ESTC R205904; Krivatsy 449;
Duveen p. 31; Neu 146; Neville, I, p. 47; Manly Hall Collection 29;
Mellon 101; Pritchard 80.
The most important English alchemical text (Duveen) and one of the key
sources for the history of alchemy (ODNB). It is a collection of alchemical
poems in English, gathered together and annotated by Ashmole. Many of
these had previously only circulated in manuscript. Ashmole’s introduction
demonstrates his wide reading and understanding of alchemy. His aim was to
draw attention to the achievements of English alchemists and to supplement
the massive compilation of European texts in the Theatrum chemicum (1602–
1661, see below no. 178).
Since this copy agrees with the Thomason copy and Thomason generally
acquired his books immediately on publication, I have assumed that this copy
respresents the form in which it was originally issued. It ends with an errata
list for the whole work (3S4v). Some copies however have an additional leaf
of errata to the annotations (pp. 437–486) and an additional engraved plate.
This additional plate, found in only a few copies, is a reworked state of the
frontispiece by Thomas Cross to Arthur Dee’s Fasciculus chemicus (1650)
which was translated by Ashmole. In the reworked state the imprint has
been replaced by the words ‘Fraximus in silvis pulcherrima, Talpa in Terris
operasissima’. Below this, in both states, are 4 lines of verse beginning ‘These
Hieroglyphicks vaile the Vigorous Beames...’ (hence the plate is often referred
to as the ‘hieroglyphic plate’).
Leaf 3R4 is always absent; many copies also lack the folding plate at p. 116,
probably due to later attrition.
6
BACON, Roger (1214?–1294)
De arte chymiae scripta cui accesserunt opuscula alia eiusdem
authoris.
Frankfurt: typis Ioannis Saurii, sumptibus Ioannis Theobaldi
Schönwetteri, 1603.
12mo: A–R8 , 204 leaves, pp. 408. Woodcut decoration on title.
132 x 76mm. Very light paper discolouration. A good fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary vellum, blind ruled borders, red edges.
Slightly soiled.
Provenance: Contemporary or early list of contents on free endleaf in
a neat hand, running numbers in the margins, and about 20 words of
annotation.
First edition. Later re­issued as Thesaurus chemicus, Frankfurt, 1620 with
the Wrst 24 pages reset. Ferguson I, p. 63; Duveen p. 38; Neu 180;
Neville I, p. 60; Wellcome 620.
The Wrst collection of Bacon’s alchemical works and the Wrst printing of each
of these seven short works. Sarton remarks that ‘the best proof of Bacon’s

eclipse is the absence of incunabula editions, and the rarity of sixteenthcentury
ones and translations’.
The collection comprises the following tracts:
Excerpta ex libro sexto scientiarium (p. 7).
Excerpta de libro Avicennae I. De maiorem Alcimia (p. 17).
Breviarium de dono Dei (p. 95).
Verbum abbreviatum de leone viridi (p. 264).
Secretum secretorum naturae de laude lapidis philosophorum (p. 285).
Tractatus trium verborum (p. 292).
Speculum secretorum (p. 387).
Prior to this collection, the only works by Bacon, genuine or not, to have
been published were, Speculum alchemiae (Nuremburg 1541); Epistola de
secretis (Paris 1542); De consideratione quintae essentiae (Basle, 1561) and De
retardandis senectutis accidentibus et de sensibus conservandis (Oxford, 1590).
Bacon was probably born near Ilchester, Somerset, and studied and lectured
at Oxford and then Paris, where he was a pioneer in teaching Aristotle’s
natural philosophy. He was strongly inXuenced by Robert Grosseteste and
the Franciscan school at Oxford. He returned to Oxford but in 1257 was
sent back to Paris by the Franciscans, whose order he had entered. In Paris
he wrote the Opus majus, his most important work, not published until 1733.
Bacon Wnally returned to Oxford and by tradition died there. Bacon’s skill
in experimental science and mechanical invention was so great that, like his
contemporaries Michael Scot and Albertus Magnus, he gained a reputation
as a magician (see Ferguson, i, p. 65).
Sarton, II, p. 963.
7
BAER, Karl Ernst von (1792–1876)
Über Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere Beobachtung und
ReXexion.
Königsberg: bei den Gebrüdern Bornträger (colophons: Halle, gedruckt in
der Gebauerschen Buchdruckerei), 1828–37.
2 volumes in 1, 4to, pp. xxii [2] 266 [267–8] 269–271 [1]; [4] 315 [1].
A few diagrams in the text, and a printed table on p. [267], [268]
blank. without vol ii, Part. 2, 1888.
A folding table at vol. I, p. 225 and 7 engraved plates, the Wrst 4 hand
coloured, numbered Taf: I–III; IV–VII, V. signed ‘F. Lehmann Sc’, VI
signed ‘W. Linger jun. sc.’, VII signed ‘W. Linger fec. Berlin’ (bound
at the end of each volume).
249 x 205mm. Plate numbers and signatures on last two plates shaved;
plates foxed.
Binding: Later nineteenth­century cloth (Cambridge Binding Guild).
Shelf­label removed from spine.
Provenance: Zoological Laboratory, Cambridge, Balfour Library
with bookplate and library stamps on endleaves and titlepage, with
withdrawn stamps.

First edition. The second volume (not present here) was left unWnished
by Baer, and published posthumously in 1888, edited by Ludwig
Stieda. Garrison–Morton 479; McLean Evans, Epochal achievements
105; Horblit One Hundred Books Famous in Science 9a; Printing and
the Mind of Man 288b; Norman Library 101; Wellcome II, p. 84 (all
including the Wnal part).
Baer’s great treatise on vertebrate development from conception to birth is
one of the great classics of medicine, for which he as been called ‘the father of
modern embryology’ (Garrison–Morton). Baer Wrst announced his discovery
of the human ovum in De ovi mammalium et hominis genesi (Leipzig, 1827).
‘Entwickelungsgeschichte was the key word in his title and his thought;
his great contribution rested on his ability to envisage the organism as a
historical entity, as a being that undergoes observable change during its life.
He described the development of vertebrates from conception to hatching or
birth. Baer observed the formation of the germ layers and described the way in
which they formed various organs by tubulation, and he knew this to be more
or less similar in all vertebrates. Even more important, he emphasized that
development is epigenetic, that it proceeds from the apparently homogeneous
to the strikingly heterogeneous, from the general to the special. The old idea,
long disputed, that embryonic parts might be preformed in the egg was no
longer tenable after Baer’s work.’ (Jane Oppenheimer, DSB, I:387.)
8
BAER, Karl Ernst von (1792–1876)
Untersuchungen über die Entwickelungsgeschichte der Fische,
nebst einem anhange über die schwimmblase.
Leipzig: bei Fridrich Christian Wilhelm Vogel, 1835.
4to, pp. [6] 52. Wood­engraved diagrams in the text.
1 engraved plate, partly hand coloured, signed ‘Burow. del. F.
Lehmann sc’.
282 x 228mm. Text and plate foxed.
Binding: Later nineteenth­century boards. Spine chipped.
First edition.
A monograph on the embryology of Wsh and the development of the air
bladder.
9
BARTHOLIN, Caspar (1655–1738) and Thomas (1618–80); Jan de
WALE (1604–49); SYLVIuS, Franciscus de le Boë (1614–72)
Institutiones anatomicae, novis recentiorum opinionibus &
observationibus, quarum innumerae hactenus editae non sunt, Wguris
que auctae ab auctoris Wlio Thoma Bartholino.
Leiden: apud Franciscum Hackium, 1641.

8vo: 3 8
* 4* 8 A–2B8 2C8 (2C5+6) 2D–2K8 2L6 , 286 leaves, pp. [20]
408 [12] 409–496 [44]. Engraved titlepage with portraits surrounding
the title and anatomical engravings printed on 70 pages; woodcut
headpieces and initials.
8 folding engraved plates.
181 x 113mm. First folding plate cropped at the foot; a few light stains;
a good fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary calf, double gilt Wlet borders to sides and spine
compartments, central tool in each compartment, lettered direct in
second compartment. Rebacked with the original spine laid down;
front free endleaf removed.
Provenance: Nineteenth­century signature ‘C. Mauvezin’ and notes on
pastedown in the same hand.
Second edition, enlarged by Thomas Bartholin (Wrst edition Anatomicae
institutiones, Wittenberg 1611). Another edition was published by Hack
in 1645. Garrison–Morton 1377.3; Krivatsy 735; Wellcome II, p. 106;
Keynes, Harvey p. 120.
Thomas Bartholin’s important revision of his father’s textbook is notable for
recognising the work of Aselli and Harvey. It incorporates Sylvius’ original
observations and illustrations of the brain and Wale’s experiments in support
of Harvey. It was the Wrst edition to be illustrated.
‘In this revision of his father’s anatomical treatise, Thomas Bartholin
(1616–80) included the Wrst depiction of the Wssure of Sylvius, the lateral
cerebral Wssure, and the only part of the surface of the cerebral hemispheres to
be given a name between 1641 and the 19th century. Sylvius (Franciscus de Le
Boë, 1614–72) made his neurological observations in 1637 but did not publish
until 1663. He collaborated with Bartholin on the above work, publishing in
it ten illustrations of the brain after his own drawings.’ (Garrison–Morton).
The book is profusely illustrated with 79 engravings (71 printed in the text
on 70 pages and 8 on folded plates), mostly adapted from other anatomical
works. However the ten Wne engravings of the brain drawn by Sylvius appear
here for the Wrst time.
The two letters by Jan de Wale reporting his experiment in support of
Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of the blood, addressed to Thomas
Bartholin, are printed here for the Wrst time and were reprinted in the Padua,
1643 edition and subsequent editions of De motu cordis. Bibliographical
analysis of the book reveals that the second letter was composed after the rest
of the book had been set: this must be the explanation for the interpolated
6 leaf section in signature 2C. The Wrst letter, ‘Epistola Johannis Walaei de
motu sanguinis’ is printed on 2B1–2C5, pp. 385–408; the second on the added
leaves as ‘Altera epistola Johannis Walaei de motu sanguinis’ and there is
an instruction at the foot of the Wrst page ‘Haec Epistola inserenda est inter
pag. 408 & 409’.
Caspar Bartholin matriculated at the university of Copenhagen in 1603 but
the following year transferred to Wittenberg where he studied philosophy and
theology for three years. He then travelled extensively in Europe and began
to study medicine during a stay in Leiden. In 1607 he went to Basle where he
lectured and worked with Felix Platter, Gaspard Bauhin, and Jacob Zwinger.

From 1608–1610 Bartholin was in Italy and studied and performed dissections
with Girolamo Fabrizio (Fabricius of Aquapendente) and Casserius, assisting
the latter with the engravings for his work on the sense organs, Pentaestheseion.
His extensive collaboration with these great anatomists made his anatomical
text­book one of the most up­to­date available when it was Wrst published
in 1611. In that year he returned to Denmark and was made professor of
medicine at Copenhagen in 1613.
10
BARTHOLIN, Thomas (1616–1680)
4 works bound in 1 volume.
1. Cista medica Hafniensis variis consiliis, curationibus, casibus
rarioribus, vitis medicorum Hafniensium, aliisq[ue] ad rem medicam,
anatomicam, botanicam & chymicam spectantibus reserta. Accedit
eiusdem domus anatomica brevissime descripta.
Copenhagen: typis Matthiae Godicchenii. Impensis Petri Hauboldi Bibl.,
1662.
8vo: a8 b2 A–D8 A–2R8 2S6 , 358 leaves, pp. [20] 62 645 [7]. Engraved
frontispiece on a1, engraved title on a8 (bound before a2), divisional
title on A1 with woodcut device, woodcut initials, a few woodcuts of
medals in the text.
Krivatsy 796.
2. Responsio de experimentis anatomicis Bilsianis et diYcili
hepatis resurrectione, ad clarissimum virum Nicolaum Zas.
Copenhagen: apud Petrum Haubold, 1661.
8vo: a–b8 c4 , 20 leaves, pp. 40. Woodcut device on title.
Krivatsy 840.
3. Dissertatio anatomica de hepate defuncto novis Bilsianorum
observationibus opposita.
Copenhagen: excudebat Christian Wering. Acad. Typ. sumptibus
Petri Haublodi, 1661
8vo: A–E8 F2 , 40 leaves, pp. 84. Woodcut device on title.
Krivatsy 828.
4. De pulmonum substantia & motu diatribe. Accedunt Cl. V.
Marcelli Malpighii de Pulmonibus observationes anatomicae.
Copenhagen: typis Henrici Gödiani R. & Ac. Typ. Prostant apud P.
Hauboldum, 1663.
8vo: a4 A–H8 I4 , 72 leaves, pp. [8] 107 (i.e. 127) [9]. Woodcut device
on title. 2 engraved plates.
Frati 11; Krivatsy 818; LeFanu, Notable Medical Books 73.
157 x 95mm. Light paper discolouration.

Binding: Contemporary vellum boards with yapp fore edges, blind
ruled borders to sides and spine bands, green page edges.
Provenance: Contemporary inscription on engraved title of Wrst work:
‘Sum Pauli Christiani Heilmanni’.
First editions.
A Wne volume containing four works by Thomas Bartholin, the last of which
contains Malpighi’s discovery of the capillaries in the lungs. These works were
all published by Peder Haubold. It is quite likely therefore that this volume
was sold as it is, ready bound.
1. Cista medica Hafniensis (1662). The frontispiece shows exterior and interior
views of the anatomy theatre at Copenhagen, described in the Wrst 62 page
section of the text, together with a catalogue of the museum. Bartholin is
credited with bringing Paduan anatomy to Denmark. The rest of the book is
a medical miscellany with details of Bartholin’s practice and other material
culled from his archives.
2. Responsio de experimentis anatomicis Bilsianis (1661). 3. Dissertatio anatomica
de hepate defuncto novis Bilsianorum observationibus opposita (1661). These
two pamphlets are part of the dispute with Lodewijk de Bils (1623?–1669)
over the lymphatic system, discovered by Bartholin in 1652 but still exciting
controversy.
4. De pulmonum substantia & motu diatribe (1663). This includes the second
printing of Malpighi’s work on the lungs. In the form of two letters to Giovanni
Alfonso Borelli, this was Wrst published in two pamphlets in 1661.
‘Bartholin immediately recognized the signiWcance of Malpighi’s work
on the lungs, De pulmonibus (Bologna, 1661) – not least because it provided
the Wrst account and illustration of the capillaries, the link between arteries
and veins hypothesized by Harvey as a requirement of a systemic circulation
of the blood and now proved to exist. Consequently, he included these two
celebrated letters in De pulmonum substantia et motu (1663), their second
publication in Europe.’ (C. D. O’Malley, DSB I:483.)
‘With the recognition of a vascular passage connecting the arterial and
venous circulations, rational opposition to Harvey’s theory was no longer
possible’ (Grolier One Hundred Books Famous in Medicine 30, citing the Wrst
edition).
11
BARTHOLIN, Thomas (1616–1680)
De pulmonum substantia & motu diatribe. Accedunt Cl. V.
Marcelli Malpighii de Pulmonibus observationes anatomicae.
Copenhagen: typis Henrici Gödiani R. & Ac. Typ. Prostant apud
P. Hauboldum, 1663.
8vo: a 4 A–H 8 I 4 , 72 leaves, pp. [8] 107 (i.e. 127) [9]. Woodcut device
on title.
1 leaf of plates with two engraved images printed from a single plate
and numbered Tab. I–II.

154 x 95mm. Fore margin of title torn away and restored without loss;
fore margin of E3 defective, apparently an original paper Xaw, with
loss of several letters; headlines cropped; paper slightly discoloured.
Binding: Later paper covered boards.
First edition, containing the second edition of Malpighi, De pulmonibus
observatio, Bologna 1661. Another edition was published at Leiden in
1672. Frati 11; Krivatsy 818; LeFanu, Notable Medical Books p. 73.
Bartholin’s work containing Malpighi’s discovery of the capillaries in the lungs.
This copy of this small pamphlet has been extracted from a bound volume of
pamphlets. It could have been in a volume assembled by the publisher, like the
one described above, or one put together by a contemporary or later owner,
but now lacks any evidence of its original context or provenance.
The Wrst edition is Norman, One Hundred Books Famous in Medicine 30.
12
BASILIuS VALENTINuS
Letztes testament... Darinnen die Geheime Bücher vom Grossen
Stein der uralten Weisen, und andern verbergenen Geheimnüssen
der Natur. Auß dem Original, so zu ErVurt zu dem hohen Alter,
unter einem Marmorsteinen TäZein gefunden, nachgeschrieben: und
nummehr auV vielfältiges begehren, den Wliis doctrinae zu gutem,
neben angehengten XII. Schlusseln.
Strasbourg: in verlägung Caspari Dietzels, 1651.
8vo: )( 8 A–T 8 u 4 (blank u4), 164 leaves, pp. xvi 248 a–q [2] 252–264
[4] aa–tt, 256–271, [2] (last 2 pages blank). Sectional titlepages on H2,
L1, R6 and S6; woodcut printer’s device on main title and another on
the sectional titles on L1 and R6; a woodcut of a still on S6; an etched
illustration of a distillation Xask on Q7.
[part ii:]
Von dem grossen Stein der Uhralten, daran so viel tausend Meister
anfangs der Welt hero gemacht haben: Neben angehängten Tractätlein,
derer Inhalt nach der Vorrede zu Wnden.
Strasbourg: in verlägung Caspari Dietzels, 1651.
8vo: a–l8 , 84 leaves, pp. [8] 156 [4], 18 engraved illustrations (1 on title
and 16 in the text).
157 x 90mm. Round wormholes through the text of the Wrst few
gatherings; paper browned, quite heavily in some gatherings.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards with yapp edges. Lower joint
torn at the head, worm holes in upper joint.
Provenance: Twentieth­century bookplate with initials ‘W.M.’.
Second Dietzel edition (Wrst 1645 without the second part; the Letztes
testament was Wrst printed in 1626 and Von dem grossen Stein in
1599). The two parts are generally catalogued separately (and have
been broken up by bookdealers in the past, as is clear from an E. P.

Goldschmidt catalogue clipping of 1964 laid in) but they form a single
bibliograhpical entity. VD17 12:132738W and 12:132742G.
The ‘Last Testament’ is a work on mining, mineralogy and chemistry. Von dem
grossen Stein describes the ‘twelve keys’ for preparing the philosopher’s stone
and is illustrated with a Wne series of alegorical engravings. ‘This traditional
book of alchemical symbolism became one of the most frequently reprinted
treatises of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries’ (Neville i, p. 91).
Partington sourly notes that ‘After “Geber”, “Basil Valentine” probably
represents the literary forgery which has misled and perplexed chemists for
the longest period. Both have been regarded as outstanding Wgures and if
they had lived in the times formerly ascribed to them, their supposed works
would have been important.’ Nevertheless, he earnestly attempts to separate
fact from Wction. Ferguson more entertainingly states the diYculties of such
an enterprise: ‘Whether Basilius Valentinus was a real person or not, whether
he was a Benedictine monk at Erfurt or at Walkenried or not, whether he was
a Benedictine monk at all or not, whether he was a native of Alsace or not,
whether he Xourished in 1413 or 1493, or in both, or neither, whether his works
had been hidden and were afterwards discovered by a Xash of lightning or not,
whether they were by him or by his editor Thölde or Thölden, whether they
are all genuine or some are by other writers, whether Paracelsus copied him
or he Paracelsus, whether the works are not really by Paracelsus, whether the
name Basilius Valentinus is not made up and may even denote the Alchemical
mystery itself – are questions which have been debated and some of which
have been provisionally answered, but all of which are still open to discussion,
if only fresh data would come to light. Even a partial answer to any one of
them could not be despised; because since the writings contain apparently
Wrst notices of a good many chemical reactions and products, it would be
satisfactory to have the date of these settled once for all and assigned to the
proper authority’. (Ferguson, i, p. 81).
Partington, ii, pp. 183–203; Read, Prelude, pp. 193–211.
13
BEAuMONT, William (1785–1853)
Experiments and observations on the gastric juice, and the
physiology of digestion.
Plattsburgh, NY: printed by F. P. Allen, 1833.
8vo, pp. [1–9] 10–280, 3 wood­engraved illustrations printed in the text.
208 x 130mm. Some moderate foxing.
Binding: Rebound in later nineteenth­century half black morocco,
marbled paper sides. Joints and corners rubbed.
Provenance: Inscription on pastedown ‘Property of John E. Burton,
Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, 1894’ (John E. Burton (1847–19??),
Wisconsin iron baron and book collector, see Gillian M. Krezoski,
From Boom to Bust: John E. Burton and the Northern Wisconsin Iron
Mines, 1885–1887, BA Thesis 2007, http://minds.wisconsin.edu/
handle/1793/8519); bookplate of Eli Moschcowitz (1879–1964, see

Garrison–Morton 2715) pasted over Burton inscription (now lifted);
pencil inscription on title ‘Geo[?] Gunnell’.
First edition. Garrison­Morton 989; Horblit, One Hundred Books Famous
in Science 10; Dibner, Heralds of Science 130; Sparrow, Milestones of
Science 19; LeFanu, Notable Medical Books in the Lilly Library, p. 185;
Norman Library 153; Wellcome II, p. 123.
This famous book records Beaumont’s remarkable series of observations on
the chemistry of digestion. These were the Wrst experiments on the stomach
enzymes and the movements of the stomach in a living person. They were
made possible by an accident in which a stomach wound to the French
Canadian fur trapper, Alexis St Martin, healed to form a permanent Wstula.
This allowed Beaumont to take samples of the stomach contents over a
period of time.
‘In the eighteenth­century Réamur and Spallanzani had shown digestion
to be a chemical process. Nevertheless, a good deal of confusion prevailed
concerning various aspects of the digestive process in the stomach; it is to
Beaumont that we owe the clariWcaion of this subject. The results of his
investigations attracted the attention of the scientiWc world, and within a short
time gained admission to the literature dealing with the stomach’. (George
Rosen, DSB 2:543.)
The book is remarkable in other ways too: Beaumont, the son of a
Connecticut farmer, was largely self taught, became an army surgeon, and
Wnally a respected general practitioner. This is one of the earliest important
medical books printed in the united States, and in an unusually large edition
of 3000 copies according to the publisher’s preface to the second edition of
1847 (though Beaumont himself referred to an edition of 1000 copies in a
letter dated 3 December 1833 cited by Norman). Some copies of the Wrst
edition were re­issued in 1834 with a cancel title with the imprint of Lilly,
Wait & Co., Boston, and a German translation was published in the same
year (see next item).
The book was originally issued in plain paper­covered boards backed in
brown muslin with a printed paper label on the spine.
14
BEAuMONT, William (1785–1853)
Neue Versuche und Beobachtungen über den Magensaft und die
Physiologie der Verdauung... Aus dem Englischen.
Leipzig: Bei Christian Ernst Kollmann, 1834.
8vo, pp. vi, 222.
3 lithographed plates with letterpress captions (bound at the end).
205 x 122mm.
Binding: Contemporary pastepaper boards. Worn.
Provenance: Library stamp on title, unidentiWed. With a postcard from
Allen Debus to Walter Pagel dated 13 August 1972 laid in, noting
that ‘Neal Watson should have the Wrst volume of the Festschrift in
London next month’.

First German edition, a translation of Experiments and observations on the
gastric juice, and the physiology of digestion (Plattsburgh, NY, 1833) by
Bernhard Luden ‘prakt. Arzt in New­York’.
‘The publication of Beaumont’s book created considerable interest among
European scientists and physicians, and in general was favourably received.
A German translation was published at Leipzig in 1834, and at about the
same time, the American edition was noted in the English, German, and
French literature. The most signiWcant response came from Germany, where
Beaumont’s experiments inXuenced various investigators, among them
Johannes Müller, Theodor Schwann, and J. B. Purkinje’. (George Rosen,
DSB 2:543).
15
BENZENBERG, Johann Friedrich (1777–1846)
Versuche über das Gesetz des Falls, über den Widerstand der
Luft und über die umdrehung der Erde, nebst der Geschichte aller
früheren Versuche von Galiläi bis auf Guglielmini.
Dortmund: bey den Gebrüden Mallinckrodt, 1804.
8vo, pp. xii, 432, 432a­h, [433]–542 [2].
Engraved titlepage (with illustration) and 8 plates, comprising a frontispiece,
unnumbered (conjugate with the engraved title and printed from
a single plate), and plates II–VIII printed on blue tinted paper.
202 x 125mm.
Binding: Contemporary boards. Sides
rubbed, spine ends and corners heavily
worn.
Provenance: Printed and MS shelf labels on
spine; contemporary signature and stamp
on title (undeciphered).
First edition. Honeyman 279.
Benzenberg’s experiments with falling spheres
demonstrated the rotation of the earth Wfty
years before Foucault with his pendulum. He
measured the displacement toward the east of
falling lead spheres in the tower of the Michaelis
Church in Hamburg in 1802, and in a mine shaft
in Schlebusch, 1804. (Bernhard Sticker, DSB
1:616–7.) The two sites are illustrated on the
titlepage opening, the church on the frontispiece
and the mine shaft on the titlepage.

16
BLuMENBACH, Johann Friedrich (1752–1840); Ignaz Edler von
BORN (1742–1791; Caspar Friedrich WOLFF (1733–1794)
Zwo Abhandlungen über die Nutritionskraft welche von der
Kayserlichen Academie der Wißenschaften in St. Petersburg den Preis
getheilt erhalten haben. Die erste von Herrn Hofrath Blumenbach, die
zwote von Herrn Prof. Born. Nebst einer fernern Erläuterung eben
derselben Materie, von C. F. WolV.
St Petersburg: gedruckt bey die Kayserl. Akademie der Wißenschaften,
1789.
4to: A–H4 ; A–L4 M–N2 (–N2, presumed blank), 79 of 80 leaves,
pp. 63 [1]; 94.
lacking the engraved plate to blumenbach’s text.
295 x 220, untrimmed and partially unopened.
Binding: Early nineteenth­century blue paper covered boards, old
reback. Head of spine torn. A stipple engraved portrait of Blumenbach
by Ball after Grimm is bound in as a frontispiece.
Provenance: William Lister, with engraved booklabel ‘Dr. Lister,
Lincoln’s Inn Fields’ (see below).
First edition.
Two papers responding to the prize question on plant nutrition set by the St
Petersburg Academy of Sciences for 1782 and resubmitted in 1788. There
is an appendix by WolV, the larger second section of the book, ‘Von der
eigenthümlichen und wesentlichen Kraft der vegetabilischen sowohl als auch
der animalischen Substanz.’ This is cited as a separate item in Gaissinovitch’s
DSB article, but it was not published independently.
This was a crucial period in the history of the theories of plant nutrition,
begun by Ingenhousz’s discovery of photosynthesis (1779) but only fully
developed when Lavoisier’s new chemistry was assimilated. This is discussed
by Sachs (History of Botany, 1890, pp. 494), though he does not mention these
prize essays on the subject.
WolV is a key Wgure in the history of botany, the Wrst since Malpighi and
Grew to devote attention to plant anatomy. His Theoria Generationis (1759,
see below, no. 190V), which established the theory of epigenesis, laid the
foundation of our understanding of the development of plant cells.
William Lister (1757?– 1830), the former (perhaps Wrst) owner of this copy
took his MD at Edinburgh in 1781. He settled in London and was physician to
St Thomas’ Hospital. He was a good classical scholar. (Munk II, pp329–7).
17
BOERHAAVE, Hermann (1668–1738)
Abregé de la théorie chymique. Tiré des propres écrits de M.
Boerhaave. Par M. de la Metrie. Auquel on a joint le Traité du Vertige,
par le même.

Paris: chez Antoine-Claude Briasson, 1741.
12mo: p4 (–p1) A–2A8,4 2B8 , 155 of 156 leaves, pp. [6] 301 [3]. Woodcut
vignette on title, initials and headpieces. Possibly lacking a halftitle,
though it may not be called for in this issue.
156 x 92mm.
Binding: Contemporary calf, gilt spine, marbled endleaves, red edges.
Rubbed.
First edition of La Mettrie’s abridgement of the Elementa chemiae (1732).
Another issue has the imprint of Pierre­Michel Huart (who shared the
privilège with Briasson). Another edition has the imprint of Lambert
& Durand and is possibly a piracy. Extracts were published in advance
in Observations sur les écrits modernes 10, 241; 11, 47; and 13, 193. Cf.
Lindeboom 475 (Huart issue only); Partington II, p. 744.
Apparently the Wrst appearance in French of any part of the Elementa chemiae,
an abridgement dealing only with the four elements. The publication includes
‘Description d’une catalepsie hysterique’ (pp. 278–287); ‘Lettre a monsieur
Astruc’ by de La Metrie (pp. 288–301); and ‘Traité du vertige’, a translation of
an excerpt from Boerhaave’s Aphorismi (also published separately in 1741).
18
BONAPARTE, Carlo Maria (1746–1785)
[Manuscript] In secundum annum philosophiae.
Ajaccio, 1763–64.
4to: manuscript on paper, text in Latin with some annotation in
Italian, 351 leaves in 18 numbered sections, written in a neat cursive
hand with 34 pen and ink drawings in the text. Possibly lacking the
Wrst leaf with title to the Wrst section.
215 x 150mm, untrimmed. Brown stains in 2 sections.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards.
Carlo Bonaparte’s lecture notes from the second year of a university philosophy
course. Each section after the Wrst (where it may be missing) has a titlepage
giving the part of the course, the date of the lecture and the phrase ‘In
haec Adiacii Civitate Bonaparte Carolus’. The weekly lectures comprise
‘Metaphysicae,’ books 1–6 (of 7?); and ‘Physica vero,’ books 1–5, 7–8, 11–14
and 16. The missing lectures were apparently never bound in.
Carlo Maria Bonaparte, Napoleon Bonaparte’s father, was born in Ajaccio,
Corsica, the son of a lawyer. The present manuscript suggests that he
studied in Ajaccio before going to the university of Pisa to study law. He
did not complete his legal training in Pisa but returned to Ajaccio at the age
of seventeen to marry. His bride, Marie­Letizia Ramolino, like Bonaparte
a member of the Corsican nobility, was fourteen. Bonaparte later became
assistant to the revolutionary leader of Corsica, Pasquale Paoli, and was
Corsica’s representative at the court of Louis XVI.

19
BONOMO, Giovanni Cosimo
Osservazioni intorno a’ pellicelli del corpo umano.
Florence: per Piero Martini, 1687.
4to: A10 (blank A10), 10 leaves, pp. [2] 16 [2, blank]. Woodcut device
on title, woodcut initial, typographic headpiece.
1 engraved plate signed ‘fran: Nacci sulp.’
220 x 160mm.
Binding: Recent soft boards.
First edition. A partial English translation by Richard Mead was
published in Philosophical Transactions, 23 (1703) 1296–99. Garrison–
Morton 2529.1 and 4012; Norman Library 265.
The Wrst clinical and experimental proof of infection by a microparasite.
‘Bonomo belonged to the biological school that originated with Galileo.
Inspired by the research that had enabled his teacher Francesco Redi to
disprove the theory of the spontaneous generation of insects in 1668, and
availing himself of Giacinto Cestoni’s skill with the microscope, Bonomo, in
his Osservazioni intorno a’ pellicelli del corpo umano (1687) aYrmed that scabies
is caused by mites... Hence, Bonomo resolved to adopt local therapy aimed
at killing the mites, instead of the general therapy that had previously been
used. The results thus obtained enabled him to conclude that the mites were
the cause of the disease. It followed that scabies is transmitted by the mites
from a victim to a healthy person. Therefore, it is a “live” infection, of which
Bonomo’s work constituted the Wrst clinical and experimental proof.’ (Luigi
Belloni, DSB II: 291).
The report is in the form of a letter from Bonomo to Redi dated 18 July
1687.
20
BORELLI, Giovanni Alfonso (1608–1679)
Euclides restitutus, sive, Prisca geometriae elementa breviùs, &
faciliùs contexta, in quibus pr[a]ecipuè proportionum theoriae nova,
Wrmiorique methodo promuntur.
Pisa: ex oYcina Francisci Honophri, 1658.
4to: p4 A–3L4 a–d4 , 248 leaves, pp. [8] 456 xxx [2]. Woodcut device
on title, initials and diagrams in the text.
216 x 160mm. A Wne fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Headcap chipped.
First edition. Riccardi, Euclid p. 440; Riccardi Bibliotheca mathematica
Italiana, I, i, col. 158.
‘Not one to be overawed by canonical texts, [Borelli] frankly stated that
although Euclid had done an excellent job in compiling his Elements, these
nevertheless could be repetitive and prolix, and it was time to put the material

together in a clearer and more concise package. While he was about it, Borelli
took the opportunity not only to reexamine the parallel postulate and propose
his own version but also to try to establish the theory of proportions on Wrmer
grounds. The Latin edition of this work appeared in 1658. Five years later his
student Domenico Magni undertook the task of providing a “Euclid for the
layman” by editing out most of Borelli’s technical commentary and shortening
and translating the remainder into Italian. Both works apparently were very
well received.’ (Thomas B. Settle, DSB II: 310.)
Euclides restitutus was written in connection with Borelli’s teaching as
professor of mathematics at Pisa, the post to which he had been appointed
in 1656.
21
BORELLI, Giovanni Alfonso (1608–1679)
De motu animalium... Opus posthumum.
Rome: ex typographia Angeli Bernabò, 1680–1681.
2 volumes 4to: a6 A–3B4 3C2 , 200 leaves, pp. [12] 376 [377–388] (last
page blank); p2 A–3T4 , 262 leaves, pp. [4] 520. Woodcut device on
title, woodcut initials.
18 engraved plates: numbered Tabula prima–decimaoctava, last plate
signed ‘F. Donia scul’ (bound as throwouts, 1–14 at the end of vol. I,
15–18 at the end of vol. II).
222 x 160mm. One or two plates shaved in the upper margin, only
aVecting the line border. A tall copy, clean and fresh.
Binding: Contemporary English mottled calf, gilt spines, red lettering
piece on vol. I, missing on vol. II, red sprinkled edges. upper
inner hinge of vol. I opening up, cords holding but weak and some
leaves coming loose; headcap of vol. I frayed; board edges and joints
rubbed.
Provenance: Trotter family with eighteenth­century armorial bookplate
with motto ‘In promptu’.
First edition. Krivatsy 1578; Manchester 336; Dibner, Heralds of Science
190; Horblit, One Hundred Books Famous in Science 13; Garrison–
Morton 762; Bibliotheca Mechanica p. 42.
‘Borelli’s work On the Motion of Animals (1680) is the classic of what is
variously called the ‘iatrophysical’ or ‘iatromathematical’ school. It stands as
the greatest early triumph in the application of the science of mechanics to the
working of the living organism. Stirred by the success of Stevin and Galileo
in giving mathematical expression to mechanical events, Borelli sought to do
the like with the animal body. In this undertaking he was very successful. That
department of physiology which treats of muscular movement on mechanical
principles was eVectively founded and largely developed by him.’ (Singer, A
short History of ScientiWc Ideas to 1900, pp. 279–80.)
Borelli was the Wrst to suggest that the heartbeat was a simple muscular
contraction, and to describe the circulation in terms of hydraulics.

De motu animalium was Borelli’s last and greatest work and was published
posthumously. He had hoped for election to the Académie Royale des
Sciences in Paris and promised to send the manuscript of the book to be
published in Paris with a dedication to the king. This came to nothing and
in late 1679 Queen Christina of Sweden agreed to bear the printing costs and
the book is dedicated to her. Borelli died in December that year and the book
was seen through the press by Father Giovanni di Gesù, his benefactor at the
convent in Rome where he spent the last years of his life. Volume I, on external
motions, or the motions produced by the muscles appeared in 1680, volume
II, dealing with internal motions, such as muscular contraction, circulation,
respiration and secretion late in 1681. (Thomas B. Settle, DSB II:312.)
22
BORELLI, Giovanni Alfonso (1608–1679)
De motu animalium... Editio altera. Correctior & emendatior.
Leiden: Apud Johannem de Vivie, Cornelium Boutesteyn, Danielem à
Gaesbeeck, & Petrum vander Aa, 1685.
2 volumes 4to: p2 A2 B4 2A–2N4 2O4 , 154 leaves, pp. [16] 280 (i.e.
274) [18] (last page blank); p2 A–3A4 3B2 , 192 leaves, pp. [4] 365 [15].
Engraved title on p1r.
18 engraved plates: numbered Tab: I–XVIII (bound as throwouts on
full blank leaves at the end).
203 x 152mm. Light dustsoiling, light foxing, some gatherings heavily
browned.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, red and green sprinkled edges.
A bit soiled.
Second edition. Another issue has the imprint ‘Apud Cornelium
Boutesteyn, Danielem à Gaesbeeck, Johannem de Vivie & Petrum
vander Aa’. Krivatsy 1580; Wellcome II, p. 204.
A nice copy of the second edition, claimed to be ‘corrected and emended’.
23
BOYLE, Robert (1627–1691)
Some considerations touching the usefulnesse of experimental
natural philosophy. Propos’d in a familiar discourse to a friend, by
way of invitation to the study of it... A second edition [since the Wrst
published June 1663.].
Oxford: printed by Hen: Hall printer to the university, for Ri: Davis, 1664
[i.e. 1671].
4to: * 4 A–R 4 ; a–3d 4 3f–3g 4 , 280 leaves, pp. [16] 126 (i.e. 124, 121–122
omitted) [4]; 416 (i.e. 398, 185–192, 295–6, 377–386 omitted, 287–288
repeated) [18]. Leaf 3d4 is a longditudinal half­title for Tome I. Bound
with a duplicate of gathering 2 A from Tome II after R4.

[bound with:]
Some considerations... the second tome containing the later section
of the second part.
Oxford: printed by Henry Hall, Printer to the university for Ric.
Davis, 1671
4to: 4 * –2 4
* A–F4 G2 (blank G2); 2A–C4 ; 3A–B4 ; 4A–D4 E2 ; 5A–C4 D2 ; 6A–F4 G2 , 116 leaves; pp. [26] 47 [3]; [2] 20 [2]; [2] 14; [2] 28
[2] 29–31 [1]; [2] 26; [2] 50. Leaf 2C2 is a longditudinal half­title for
Tome II; leaf 4D4 is signed *** and is the contents leaf, intended to
be bound after ** 4.
198 x 150mm. Titlepage to Tome I soiled; clean tear in Tome I, 2p2
repaired.
Binding: Contemporary panelled calf. Rebacked and corners repaired,
new endleaves.
Provenance: Medical receipt ascribed to John Colbatch (1670–1728)
written by a former owner in the margin of p. 130 in an early hand;
Brent Gratian­MaxWeld with his exlibris inscription dated 1970 and
notes on endleaves.
Third edition of Tome I (Wrst edition 1663, second edition 1664); Wrst
edition of Tome II. Fulton 52 and 53; ESTC R23467 and R212093;
Wing B4030 and B4031; Madan III, p. 2655 and 2882.
Boyle’s ‘usefulness of Experimental Philosophy’ is an apologia for the Royal
Society, founded in 1660, and was eagerly received, judging by the fact that
the Wrst volume was immediately reprinted, and in some haste (see below).
Fulton notes that ‘Part II... is of interest to present­day biologists for its
many allusions to physiology; it is also illuminating for its references to the
activities of his contemporaries such as Digby, Pecquet, Wilkins, Wren, and
others. The work as a whole shows a most surprising knowledge of natural
history, medicine, physics, and chemistry, in many respects far in advance
of his age, and it is of special importance for its comments on medicine.
(Fulton p. 37.)
Tome I was Wrst published at Oxford in 1663, printed by Henry Hall for
Richard Davis. The second edition was also stated on the titlepage to have
been printed by Hall for Davis but in fact at least part of it was printed at
London and a note to the reader on the last page explains that ‘For Expedition
sake this second Impression was committed to several presses’. The present
third edition is a reprint of the 1664 edition, still with the date 1664 on the
titlepage but in fact almost certainly printed in 1671 to be issued with Tome
II as in the present volume. (Fulton calls the two editions dated 1664 issue
‘A’ and issue ‘B’ but as they are diVerent settings they are bibliographically
diVerent editions.)

24
BOYLE, Robert (1627–1691)
The origine of formes and qualities, (according to the corpuscular
philosophy) illustrated by considerations and experiments. (Written
formerly by way of Notes upon an Essay about Nitre.) The second
edition, augmented by a discourse of subordinate formes.
Oxford: printed by H. Hall, printer to the University, for Ric: Davis, 1667.
8vo: a4 (–a4) b8 B–F8 c1 (= a4) G–V8 (V6 + 2
* ) X–2A8 2B2 , 200
leaves, pp. [32] 68 [4] 71–289 (i.e. 287, 263–4 omitted) [5] 291–363
[1] (last page blank). lacking the titlepage (supplied as a photographic
print; I have included the titlepage in the collation as though
the book were complete).
180 x 112.
Binding: Twentieth­century calf, rubbed.
Provenance: Armorial bookplate of Wiliam Bartlett.
Second, enlarged edition (Wrst edition 1666). Fulton 78; Wing B4015;
ESTC R7614l Madan III, 2764.
‘In his essay on “Colours” and in the present work Boyle paved the way for
the Newtonian concept of light. His predecessors had held that the properties
of a body were due to its innate qualities: thus grass was green because it
had ‘greenness’ in it. In this work Boyle argued that the qualities of bodies
resulted not entirely from their innate substance, but rather from the eVects
which they produced upon their immediate surroundings... The new concept
thus set forth by Boyle was widely quoted in his time, especially by Locke,
Newton, and other physicists of the period.’ (Fulton p. 55.)
25
BOYLE, Robert (1627–1691)
Chymista scepticus, vel dubia paradoxa chymico­physica, circa
spagyricorum principia, vulgo dicta hypostatica, prout proponi &
propugnari solent a turba alchymistarum.
Rotterdam: ex oYcina Arnoldi Leers, 1668.
12mo: 12 2
* ** A–Q12 R4 , 210 leaves, pp. [28] 392. * 1, engraved title;
* 2, printed title with woodcut device.
130 x 70mm. First few leaves frayed in the margins and the engraved
and printed titles strengthened in the inner margins; minor stains,
otherwise a fresh copy.
Binding: Recent calf.
Provenance: American Chemical Society with library stamp on title and
accession number on engraved and printed titles.
Third Latin edition (Wrst edition, in English, London 1661; Latin
editions, London 1662, Rotterdam, Leers 1662). Fulton 38.

Boyle’s Sceptical chymist is one of the masterpieces of scientiWc literature for
which Boyle has been called the founder of modern chemistry. Partington
identiWed three major contributions that Boyle made to chemistry: Wrst, the
study of chemistry for its own sake (not just as an aid to medicine or alchemy);
second, the introduction of experimental method into chemistry; and third,
the deWnition of an element, rejecting the four Aristotelian elements and the
three principles of the alchemists (Partington II, p. 496).
This is a translation of the Wrst part of the Sceptical chymist (1661); a second
part, reporting many additional experiments, was added to the second English
edition of 1680.
26
BOYLE, Robert (1627–1691)
Of the reconcileableness of specifick medicines to the corpuscular
philosophy. To which is annexed a discourse about the
advantages of the use of simple medicines.
London: printed for Sam. Smith at the Princes Arms in St. Paul’s Church-
Yard, 1685.
8vo: A8 (–A8) B–K8 (K8+1 = A8?) L–Q8 , 128 leaves, pp. [14] 136 [2]
137–225 [15] (last page blank). Advertisements in Wnal unpaginated
section.
172 x 102. Titlepage soiled and a little frayed in the margins, some
spotting towards the end.
Binding: Recent panelled calf by Bernard Middleton.
Provenance: Welsh National School of Medicine with library stamps on
title, pp. [3], [11] and 119; and stamp of universtiy College of South
Wales and Monmouth on verso of title.
First edition. Fulton 166; Wing B4013; ESTC R7218.
As the title makes clear, this is one of a long series of works in which Boyle
presents experiments and argues in favour of ‘corpuscular’ or ‘mechanical
philosophy’, in which inert building blocks of nature are moved by mathematically
quantiWable external agencies. Such motion gives rise to taste,
colour, heat, etc.; what Boyle called ‘secondary qualities’. This essentially
modern approach to science overturned the Aristotelian science in which the
‘qualities’ of hotness and dryness and their opposites were inherent qualities
of four ‘elements’. In the preface Boyle is at pains to point out that this is not
a book of remedies but ‘a Speculative discourse; since it tends but to show,
that, in case there be SpeciWck Medicines (as ’tis probable there are some) their
experienced vertues are reconcileable to the principles of the Corupscular, or
(as many call it) the new Philosophy; and at least do not subvert them, if these
EVects and Operations be not clearly explicable by them’. In the second part
he argues for the use of ‘simple medicines’, that is those composed of one,
or only a few active ingredients the eVects of which can be observed and the
doses adjusted ‘so that Physicians may proceed more securely’.
The advertisements at the end of the book are of great interest. ‘A Catalogue
of late Physick Books sold by Samuel Smith, at the Prince’s Arms in St. Paul’s

Churchyard (9 pages) is followed by ‘Books Printed for, and sold by Samuel
Smith’ (4 pages). It is notable that Smith only gives the dates for books printed
in the previous Wve years. There are at least as many older books, but their
publication dates are omitted so as not to make the list look out of date.
27
BRAMER, Benjamin (1588?–1652?)
Kurtze Meynung vom Vacuo, oder lährem Orte neben andern
wunderbaren und subtilen Quaestionen. Deßgleichen Nicolai Cusani
Dialogus von Wag und Gewicht auss dem lateinischen verdeutscht.
Marburg: Gedruckt zu Marpurg, durch Paul EgenolV, 1617.
4to: A–E4 F2 , 22 leaves, pp. 43 [1] (last page blank). Typographic border
and woodcut device on title, woodcut and Xeuron head and tail­pieces.
193 x 150mm. A good fresh copy.
Binding: Recent boards.
Provenance: Pencil annotation at foot of title ‘from the Dietrichstein
Library 1933’; C. E. Kenney with his book label (sale at Sotheby and
Co., 28 March 1966, lot 1539).
First edition. VD17 23:236795G.
‘In a work on the vacuum (1617), we can see his wide­ranging interests, but
no particular Weld of concentration. The problem of empty space, which had
been under active investigation since classical times, was of special topical
interest in the seventeenth century. On this matter Bramer held the views of
Tommaso Campanella, the contemporary and follower of Galileo.’ (Paul A.
Kirchvogel, DSB 2: 419).
The second part of the pamphlet is a German translation of Nicholas of
Cusa, ‘De staticis experimentis, dialogus quartus,’ a dialogue between an
‘Orator’ and ‘Idiota’ from book 4 of his Idiotae. (Operum, Paris, 1514, f. xciv
verso to xcviii verso).
28
BRANDES, Heinrich Wilhelm (1777–1834)
Untersuchungen über die ungewöhnliche Strahlenbrechung,
welche zuweilen nahe am Horizonte statt Wndet... Frei bearbeitet von
H. W. Brandes... und L. W. Gilbert.
Leipzig: Aus Gilbert’s Annalen der Physik B. 48, 1814.
8vo, pp. [2] 237–313; 366–446.
4 engraved plates numbered Taf. III–VI.
215 x 120mm. Poor quality paper, slightly browned, corners worn.
Binding: Original plain wrappers. Spine torn, lower cover missing.
OVprints from Annalen der physik 48 (1814), apparently the sheets of the
journal re­issued with a special titlepage.

A two part paper discussing Jean­Baptiste Biot, Recherches sur les réfractions
extraordinaires, qui ont lieu près de l’horizon (Paris, 1810). ‘[After his work with
J. F. Benzenberg] Brandes occupied himself with practical and theoretical
problems of the refractions of rays and other problems of atmospheric
optics...’ (Bernhard Sticker, DSB 1:421a).
29
BuLWER, John (c. 1606–1656)
Anthropometamorphosis: man transform’d; or, the artiWcial changeling.
Historically presented, in the mad and cruel gallantry, foolish
bravery, ridiculous beauty, Wlthy Wnenesse, and loathsome lovelinesse
of most nations, fashioning & altering their bodies from the mould
intended by nature. With a vindication of the regular beauty and
honesty of nature. And an appendix of the pedigree of the English
gallant. By J. B. sirnamed, The Chirosopher.
London: printed for J. Hardesly, at the Black-spread-Eagle in Duck-
Lane, 1650.
12mo: A–N12 , 156 leaves, pp. [24] 24 45–263 [45].
Double­page engraved title.
135 x 75mm. A rather small copy and tightly bound, the engraved title
slightly cropped and several headlines shaved or cropped. Short tears
in M7 and 8 repaired, obscuring a few letters.
Binding: Contemporary calf. Resewn and rebacked, new endleaves.
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.
First edition. An illustrated edition was published in 1653. Wing B5460;
ESTC R24242.
This famous book is a pioneering work in anthropology,
important in the history of attitudes to male and female
beauty. It was the last of Wve works (published in four volumes)
‘exploring the human body as a medium of communication...
[whose] overall unity has rarely been recognized’ (Graham
Richards in ODNB). The earlier works dealt with the meanings
of hand gestures (Chirologia), manual rhetoric (Chironomia),
teaching the deaf and dumb to communicate (Philocophus,
the Wrst book on the subject in English), and the physiological
bases of human expressive behaviour (Pathomyotomia).
‘Anthropometamorphosis surveys the artiWcial deformations of
the body practiced by various peoples, again from head to toe...
and ends with an attack on contemporaries for indulging in
similar vanities. unlike his other writings the moral agenda is
uppermost here. Of particular interest is that for Bulwer the
natural is morally superior to the artiWcial.’ (Richards.)
Bulwer was a medical practitioner who in the 1653 edition of
this book added ‘MD’ after his name. A list of ‘Works by the
Author’ printed at the end of the volume lists the 5 published

works and 6 more on similar themes ‘which he may be induced hereafter to
communicate.’ None of these was published.
There is a curious disparity between the way the author’s identity and
physiognomy are concealed in the letterpress, but revealed on the engraved
title. On the printed title he is ‘ J. B. Sirnamed, The Chirosopher’ and on p.
[10] there is a poem by ‘The Engraver of the intended Copy of the Authors
Contenance’ saying that ’Twas Wt (since all mens Faces are your own) / Yours
(by a Priviledge) should be unknown’. But his cover is blown by the engraved
title which not only gives his name in full but provides a portrait. Richards
calls this portrait ‘somewhat cryptic’ and points out that the ‘less intriguing,
but technically superior’ engraving by Faithorne in the 1653 edition is based
on it, rather than being newly done from life.
Pagel has bookmarked p. 188 where Bulwer states that rickets is caused by
the practice of wrapping infants in swaddling clothes. Glisson’s classic work
on rickets was published in the following year.
30
CABEI, Nicolò (1586–1650)
Philosophia magnetica in qua magnetis natura penitus explicatur,
et omnium quae hoc lapide cernuntur causae propriae aVeruntut: nova
etiam pyxis construitur, quae propriam poli elevationem, cum suo
meridiano, ubique demonstrat... Ad Ludovicum XIII. Galliarum, et
Navarrae Regem Christianissimum.
Ferrara: apud Franciscum Succium, 1629.
Folio: a6 (a2 + ✠2 ) A–2M6 2N2 , 220 leaves, pp. [16] 412 [12].
Engraved titlepage border on a1 (title overprinted in letterpress,
imprint on engraved plate), woodcut headpieces and initials, 3
engravings printed in the text on pp. 58, 79 and 93, the last a world
map, repeated on p. 220; numerous woodcut text illustrations.
38 x 218mm. Titlepage lightly stained, worn and frayed in the outer
blank margin, otherwise a good fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary mottled calf, gilt spine, red sprinkled edges.
Joints cracked but cords holding, head and tail of spine defective,
corners heavily worn, corner of front free endleaf clipped and fore
edge frayed.
Provenance: Early price note ‘3L, 7,, 10. / Cost 4/6’ and shelfmark
‘VIII.D.6’ on free endleaf; bookplate of the Royal Meteorological
Society, Symons Bequest 1900, with release label dated 1973.
First edition, Ferrara issue. Wellcome 1171; Ferguson I, p. 136; Riccardi
I, i, col. 205; Sommervogel II, col. 483, no. 1; Bakken p. 7; Wheeler
Gift 97; Mottelay p. 109.
A famous book on electricity and magnetism which contains the Wrst printed
account of electrical repulsion, the discovery of which is traditionally ascribed
to Cabei. The work also discusses the possibility of telegraphic communication
by means of magnetised needles. Cabei discusses Gilbert’s De magnete (1600),

not always agreeing with Gilbert’s views and in particular rejecting his theory
of terrestrial magnetism.
Cabei’s work is a version of the unpublished Due trattati sopra la natura,
e le qualità della calamita, by a Jesuit of an earlier generation, Leonardo
Garzoni (1543–92). This work was thought to be lost, but a recently recoverd
manuscript has been analysed by Monica ugaglia. She has shown that
Garzoni’s work was, ‘well before Gilbert’s De Magnete [1600], the Wrst
example of a modern treatment of magnetic phenomena’, the analysis of
which ‘sheds new and unexpected light on the beginnings of the science of
magnetism, entailing dramatic changes in the traditionally accepted views on
the subject’ (ugaglia, p. 61). Garzoni’s work was plagiarised by Della Porta in
his Magia naturalis (1588), and also made use of by Gilbert. But Cabeo showed
the heaviest dependence on Garzoni, his text being ‘nothing more than a
quotation, more or less literal, of Garzoni’s work... only slightly re­adjusted
in accordance with some results of the De magnete’ (ugaglia p. 72).
Garzoni was born at Venice, entered the Society of Jesus in 1567 or 1568,
and in the latter year lectured on logic at Parma. Cabeo was born at Ferrara
and joined the Jesuits at the age of 17. He was professor of Moral Philosophy
and Mathematics at Parma, preached at various places in Italy and taught
mathematics at Genoa where he died.
The book was printed in Italy but also issued in Cologne by Johann Kinck.
In the Cologne issue, the engraved titleborder has been altered and there is a
letterpress titlepage with the Cologne imprint, conjugate with the dedication
leaf which is re­set. In the altered engraving the Papal arms at the top are
replaced by Jesuit emblems and the overprinted title has the words ‘Multa
quoque dicuntur de electricis, et aliis attractionibus, et eorum causis’ added
in place of ‘Ad Ludovicum XIII...’; the dedication leaf is headed ‘Ludovico
XIII’ in place of ‘Rex Christianissime’ (see Wellcome 1171a). Copies of the
Ferrara issue are sometimes described as lacking the printed titlepage, but it
is clear from these alterations that the Ferrara and Cologne issues are distinct
and that the printed titlepage belongs only in the Cologne issue.
Monica ugaglia, ‘The Science of Magnetism Before Gilbert. Leonardo Garzoni’s
Treatise on the Loadstone’, Annals of Science 63 (2006) 59–84.
31
CAMPANELLA, Thomas (1568–1639)
De sensu rerum et magia, libri quatuor, pars mirabilis occultae
philosophiae, ubi demonstratur, mundum esse Dei vivam statuam,
beneque cognoscentem.
Frankfurt: Apud Egenolphum Emmelium, impensis Godefridi Tampachii,
1620.
4to: * –2 * 4 A–2Z 4 3A 2 , 194 leaves, pp. [16] 371 [1] (last page blank).
Engraved titlepage border on * 1, woodcut headpieces and initials.
210 x 160mm. Titlepage worn, slightly shaved and frayed in outer
margin aVecting the engraved border, paper somewhat limp in the
margins in the Wrst part of the book, tiny worm tracks in the upper
blank margins.

Binding: Rather clumsily rebound with blind ruled calf sides,
presumably from the original binding, laid down.
Provenance: Edward Synge (1614–78, see below) with inscription on
title, ‘Edw: Synge Ep[isco]pus Corcagi[ensi]s’.
First edition. Another edition was printed at Paris in 1637. Wellcome
1236; Krivatsy 2088.
One of Campanella’s chief works, ‘Four Books of the Sense in
Things and Magic’, expounds his view that all nature is sentient.
On this basis he discusses natural divination, natural magic and
occult marvels. Campanella here ‘sharply criticizes Aristotle,
repeats views of Telesio, and further brings to mind Giordano
Bruno’s De rerum principiis and De magia of the previous
century’ (Thorndike). In discussing Campanella, Thorndike
devotes most of his attention to this work with an extended
analysis of its contents (Thorndike VII, pp. 291–301).
From 1599 to 1626 Campanella was imprisoned in Naples
on charges of hatching a revolt in Calabria and for heresy
and the book was edited by Tobias Adam. The splendid
engraved title border (unfortunately in rather poor state in
this copy) incorporating a bell, referring to Campanella’s
name (Latin Campana, bell) was used again by Tampach two
years later in Campanella’s Apologia pro Galileo (1622). ‘Like
Galileo, Campanella held that natural truth was not revealed
in Scripture, but in the physical world. Thus the study of
natural phenomena was seen as an important step toward
theological understanding... While Galileo was essentially
satisWed with an understanding of natural, physical reality,
Campanella endeavoured to go beyond this and to Wnd the
ultimate metaphysical truth of things’ (Charles B. Schmitt,
DSB 15:69b).
This copy has an interesting Irish provenance having
belonged first to Edward Synge (1614–1678) bishop of Cork,
Cloyne, and Ross, who was associated with the second Earl of
Cork, Robert Boyle’s brother. It is listed in the catalogue of the
library of Synge’s grandson, Edward Synge junior (1691–1762),
at Kevin Street, Dublin. He inherited the library from his father, archbishop
Edward Synge (1659–1741), who, appropriately enough, had an interest in
the science of perception. A few books from the Synge library were sold singly
in the 1930s, the remainder at auction in two sales in 1954, one conducted
by Town and Country Estates Ltd, Dublin, on 2 February, the other by
Christies in London.
Marie­Louise Legg (now Jennings), ‘Whose Books? The Synge library catalogue
of 1763’ in Muriel McCarthy and Ann Simmons, eds Marsh’s Library. A Mirror
on the World: Law Learning and Libraries 1650–1750 (Dublin 2008). I am grateful
to Marie­Louise Jennings for this reference to her article, and for checking the
1763 catalogue.

32
CAMPANELLA, Thomas (1568–1639)
Medicinalium juxta propria principia libri septem. Opus non
solum medicis, sed omnibus naturae et privatae valetudinis studiosis
utilissimum.
Lyon: ex oYcina Ioannis Pillehotte, sumptibus Ioannis CaYn, & Francisci
Plaignard, 1635.
4to: 4
* (–* 1, blank) †–2† 4 3† 2 A–4R4 , 4S2 , 359 of 360 leaves, pp. [26]
690 [2]. Title printed in red and black with woodcut device, woodcut
headpieces and initials.
230 x 160mm. Ink stain on title; insect damage to 5 leaves, 2M3–2N3
with loss of a few letters; overall light browning.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, gilt arms on upper board.
Stained.
Provenance: Abbaye de Cîteaux with armorial stamp on upper
board and inscription on title and pp. 100 and 690 ‘Liber beatae
M. Cistercii’; nineteenth­century collector’s notes in French on
pastedown identifying provenance and citing Brunet.
First edition. Wellcome 1240; Krivatsy 2090; Manchester 434.
In ‘Seven Books of Medicine According to his own Principles’ Campanella
deals with diseases and their cures and ‘has... a good deal to say about the
spirits of the human body. For example, the pulse is described as a vital act
of the animal spirits, or it is inquired by what things the native light of the
spirit is injured and cured. Occult virtues and the relation of terrestrial things
to the planets are also considered.’ (Thorndike VII, p. 300.)
Campanella’s text was edited by Jacques GaVarel (1601–1681) who had
purchased the manuscript for Cardinal Richelieu (Thorndike p. 301).
33
CARSON, James (1772–1843)
An inquiry into the causes of the motion of the blood with an
appendix in which the process of respiration and its connexion with the
circulation of the blood are attempted to be elucidated.
Liverpool: Printed by F. B. Wright, and sold by Longman & Co. and
Underwood, London; Constable & Co. Edinburgh; and by Wright and
Cruickshank, Liverpool, 1815.
8vo, pp. [6] 250.
1 engraved plate signed ‘Thos. Smith sculp.’
225 x 140mm, untrimmed. Plate lightly browned.
Binding: Original boards, spine defective, upper board detached,
corners worn. Bookseller’s ticket of G. Cruickshank, Liverpool.
Provenance: Essex and Colchester Hospital Library, old stamp on title.

First edition, an enlargement of Carson’s MD thesis, in Latin, Edinburgh
1799. An enlarged second edition, under the title An inquiry into the
causes of respiration; of the motion of the blood; [etc]’ (London 1833,
see next item) includes a reprint of the thesis. Wellcome II, p. 305;
Garrison–Morton 765.2.
Carson Wrst suggested the rôle of the elasticity of the lungs in returning
blood to the heart in his MD thesis of 1799. This was mostly theoretical,
‘But it is in his later work – An Inquiry into the Causes of the Motion of the
Blood – published in 1815, that his more mature conclusions and the results
of some experiments are presented’ (Cohen p. 2). This was a completely new
conclusion, contradicting Harvey’s view of the heart’s motion as the sole cause
of the circulation. The standard modern view that the return of venous blood
to the heart is largely due to the increased negative pressure in the pleural
cavity which with each inspiration drives blood towards the heart is due to
Carson (see Cohen p. 5 and Garrison–Morton 765.2).
Lord Cohen of Birkenhead, ‘James Carson, M.D., F.R.S. of Liverpool’, Medical
History 7 (1963) 1–12 and Wgs. 1–10.
34
CARSON, James (1772–1843)
An inquiry into the causes of respiration; of the motion of the
blood; animal heat; absorption; and muscular motion; with practical
inferences... second edition.
London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman, 1833.
8vo: pp. xvii[i] 447.
2 engraved plates: an unsigned plate at p. 21 and one bound at the end
signed ‘Thos. Smith sculp.’ (the same plate used in the Wrst edition,
1815).
223 x 135mm. Light browning, plates foxed.
Binding: Original boards, rebacked in cloth with the original printed
paper label retained.
Provenance: Presentation copy inscribed ‘To Charles Blundell Esqr
with the compliments of the Author’.
Second, enlarged edition (Wrst as An inquiry into the causes of the motion
of the blood: with an appendix in which the process of respiration and its
connexion with the circulation of the blood are attempted to be elucidated,
Liverpool, 1815). Wellcome II, p. 305.
In this enlarged edition of his major work, Carson discusses further experiments
in support of his discovery that venous blood is returned to the heart
by the elasticity of the lungs, reported in a paper of 1820 and in his Essays,
physiological and practical (Liverpool, 1822). In this edition are included essays
on animal heat, absorption and muscular motion, as well as a reprint of his
Edinburgh MD thesis of 1799.
Lord Cohen of Birkenhead, ‘James Carson, M.D., F.R.S. of Liverpool’, Medical
History 7 (1963) 1–12 and Wgs. 1–10.

35
CESALPINO, Andrea (1524 or 5–1603)
De metallicis libri tres.
Nuremberg: Recusi, curante Conrado Agricola [colophon:] Ex oYcina
Katharinae, viduae Alexandri Theodrici, 1602.
4to: a–b4 , A–2E4 , 120 leaves, pp. [16] 222 [2] (last page blank).
Woodcut printer’s device on title, typographic headpieces, woodcut
initials.
189 x 145mm. Title dustsoiled; waterstains on a few leaves (sustained
before binding).
Binding: Contemporary calf, gilt spine, marbled endleaves. Head and
tailcaps chipped, worn.
Second edition (Wrst 1596). Wellcome 1184; Krivatsy 2346; Duveen p.
112; Hoover 213; Ward and Carozzi 456; Sinkankas 1219; Neville p.
255.
A compendium of information on metals, minerals and fossils, drawn from
Pliny, Dioscorides, Galen, Theophrastus, Marbod, and Albertus Magnus, ‘in
which he shows a sound knowledge of ancient and contemporary material’
(Partington pp. 89–90). In the Wrst book Cesalpino gives the Aristotelian
explanation that metals are vapour condensed by cold. He follows Leonardo
in asserting that fossils in shells result from the withdrawal of an earlier sea.
The second book deals with limestone, marble, and precious stones, and notes
that the same substances always crystallise with the same forms. The third
book deals with metals. (See Partington pp. 90–92 for a full analysis.)
This second edition is a reprint of the Wrst, except that the dedication to
Pope Clement VIII is replaced by one to Dr Philip Scherb (1555–1605).
Cesalpino is known as the founder of scientiWc botany for his De plantis
libri XVI to which this was intended as a supplement (for Pagel’s copy see my
Catalogue 41 no. 26); and as an important pre­cursor of Harvey, especially in
his Peripateticarum quaestionum 1571 (for Pagel’s copy of the second edition,
1593, see my Catalogue 41 no. 27).
Partington, ii, pp. 89–92; Thorndike, vi, pp. 334–335.
36
CESALPINO, Andrea (1524 or 5–1603)
Katoptron [Greek], sive speculum artis medicae Hippocraticum:
spectandos, dignoscendos curandosq[ue] exhibens universos,
tum universales tum particulares, totius corporis humani morbos, in
quo multa visuntur, quae à praeclarissimis quibusque medicis intacta
prorsus relicta erant arcana.
Frankfurt: typis Matthiae Beckeri, impensis Lazari Zetzneri Bibliop., 1605.
8vo: ):( 8 A–2S 8 2T 4 , 340 leaves, pp. [16] 663 [1] (last page blank).
Woodcut printer’s device on title, woodcut initials.

157 x 99mm. Waterstains at the beginning of the book; light browning
throughout; worm tracks in leaves 2F5–2L6 with loss of several letters.
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum, yapp fore edges, evidence of
ties. Soiled.
Provenance: Early signature ‘Josephus Anthoine’ on rear free endleaf.
Second edition (Wrst as Artis medicae, Rome 1603). This edition was
reissued at Frankfurt in 1670, after another edition, as Praxis universae
artis medicae had been printed at Treviso in 1606. Krivatsy 2343.
Cesalpino’s work on practical medicine including his observations on the
heart and chest, syphilis, diseases of the head and gynaecology.
Cesalpino mentions the circulation of the blood, dealt with at greater
length in his Peripateticarum quaestionum (1571). Although Cesalpino did not
in fact envisage a full circulation, rather a Xow of blood to and from the heart,
Pagel regarded him as probably the most important forerunner of Harvey.
On the endleaf of this copy Pagel has noted ‘p. 473 account of circulation’
and in William Harvey’s Biological ideas he writes, ‘It is in the same work [the
present work] that we Wnd Cesalpinus’ basic statement that the blood moves
continually from the veins into the heart and from the arteries out of it.
Indeed it is given here in its most generalised form.’ (p. 179, citing p. 473 in
this edition; for Pagel’s copy of the second edition of the Quaestionum, 1593,
see my Catalogue 41 no. 27).
37
CHARLETON, Walter (1619­1707)
Natural history of [brace] nutrition, life, and voluntary motion
[end of bracketed section]. Containing all the new discoveries of
anatomist’s and most probable opinions of physicians, concerning the
oeconomie of human nature; methodically delivered in exercitations
physico­anatomical.
London: printed for Henry Herringman, and are to be sold at his shop at
the Anchor in the lower walk in the New Exchange, 1659.
4to: A 4 a 4 B–2F 4 , 120 leaves, pp. [16] 210, (i.e. 208, 184–5 omitted)
[16]. Woodcut headpieces and initials, 5 engraved diagrams printed
on pp. 198–201 and 206 and a small anatomical illustration on 207. In
the Folger Library copy 2E1, a translation from Galen with errata on
verso, is bound after a4 as seems to have been intended.
179 x 130mm. Worm holes and tracks throughout, the worst
strengthened with tissue, mostly conWned to the inner margins (which
are also stained) but a few straying into the text and touching several
letters; waterstains in outer margins of prelims; some dustsoiling.
Binding: Recent quarter morocco, two original front free endleaves
retained.
Provenance: Early price notes, ‘2s. 8d’ and ‘pt. 1s. 6d’ on endleaves,
strip of paper pasted to fore edge of title with partly cropped
inscription ‘Manwaring [undeciphered]’. Walter Pagel’s signature,
undated, on pastedown.

First edition. Two Latin editions appeared in the same year, Oeconomia
animalis in London and Exercitationes physico-anatomicae de oeconomia
animali in Amsterdam, and there were further London editions in
1660, 1666 and 1669, but the English was not reprinted. ESTC R9545;
Wing C3684; Wellcome II p. 329; Krivatsy 2383; Russell 132.
The Wrst textbook on physiology written in English. It is also the Wrst
published treatise on physiology based on the ‘mechanical philosophy’,
because although Descartes’ De homine was written during the 1630s it was
not published until 1662.
‘Charleton adopted Harvey’s concept of epigenesis, identifying embryonic
diVerentiation with growth and stressing the interdependence of genesis,
growth and nutrition; he also used geometrical reasoning to disprove the claim
that muscles increased in volume upon contraction’ (Norman).
The Latin edition printed in the same year is in a cheaper format, duodecimo,
and Norman is surely right in assuming that the English has priority,
on account of its more lavish format and the existence of large paper and
presentation copies (the Norman copy on large paper measures 217 x 159mm).
The dedication to Viscount Fauconberge is in English, the Epistle addressed
to George Ent is in Latin.
Humphry Rolleston, ‘Walter Charleton, D.M.. F.R.C.P., F.R.S.’, Bulletin of the
History of Medicine 8 (1940) 403–416.
38
CHARLETON, Walter (1619–1707)
Exercitationes pathologicae, in quibus morborum penè omnium
natura, generatio, & caussæ, ex novis anatomicorum inventis sedulò
inquiruntur.
London: apud Tho. Newcomb, 1661.
4to: A4 a–b4 B–2D4 , 116 leaves, p. [24] 208, woodcut device on title.
190 x 128mm. Last few leaves limp and frayed in the margins.
Binding: Rebound with the original mottled calf sides cut down and
remounted. The fore and lower­edges have been heavily trimmed
in re­binding, presumably to remove the waterdamaged margins;
marbled endleaves which could be original.
Provenance: undeciphered signature on title, probably nineteenthcentury.
First edition, large paper issue with only Newcomb’s name in the
imprint, a thick paper copy. Another issue has the imprint ‘apud Tho.
Newcomb, M DC LXI. & prostant apud Joh. Martin, Jac. Allestrie,
& Tho. Dicas, ad insigne Campanæ in Coemiterio D. Pauli’; and
another, with cancel title and half title, ‘typis Tho. Newcomb, prostant
autem venales apud Joh. Martin, Jac. Allestry, & Tho. Dicas, ad
insigne Campanae in Coemiterio D. Pauli MDCLXI’. The work was
reprinted at Bologna in 1675. ESTC R208037; Wing 3673; Wellcome
II, p. 329; cf. Krivatsy 2380 and Norman Library 460 (both ‘typis
Tho. Newcomb’ imprint).

The present work is a hypothetical discussion of the causes of diseases (i.e.
hatred as the cause of leprosy); it also deals with the problem of abnormal
embryonic development, which Charleton attempted to explain in terms of
atomism, vitalism and Harvey’s theory of epigenesis’ (Norman).
This is a copy of the large paper issue in which only Newcomb’s name
appears in the imprint, omitting those of his partners John Martin, James
Allestry and Thomas Dicas. The large paper copies were printed on two
diVerent paper stocks, on the evidence of the two copies in Cambridge
university Library. The present copy is mostly on thick paper, like CuL
K.15.18 (219 x 156mm), but with a few gatherings on thinner paper, like
CuL Hunter.d.66.26 (194 x 151mm). But this is a sad relic of a deluxe copy,
heavily cut down, apparently to trim away water damaged margins (but at the
beginning and end where the damage extended too far to be removed).
39
CHARLETON, Walter (1619–1707)
Enquiries into human nature, in VI. anatomic praelections in the
New Theatre of the Royal Colledge of Physicians in London.
London: printed by M. White, for Robert Boulter, at the Turks Head in
Cornhill, over against the Royal Exchange, 1680.
4to: p2 a4 B–Z4 2A2 3A–X4 3Y2 3Z4 , 186 leaves, pp. [42] 544 (i.e. 326,
150–368 omitted). Woodcut headpieces and initials. p1v, imprimatur;
p2r, title; 3Z3r, ‘Epiphonema’; 3Z3v–3Z4v (3 pages), Robert Boulter’s
advertisements.
Engraved portrait signed ‘D. Loggan ad Vivum delin. et Sculp. 1679;
engraved view of the Anatomy Theatre with Boulter’s imprint dated
1680.
194 x 150mm. Tears in portrait and title repaired; portrait shaved
in outer and lower margins; horizontal stain on portrait and view of
anatomy theatre; title shaved at the foot (with loss of rule border);
light marginal waterstains; otherwise a fresh clean copy.
Binding: Contemporary or slightly later calf backed grey boards. Very
worn, free endleaves replaced.
First edition. Advertised in the Michaelmas Term Catalogue (October–
December) 1679 at 8s bound (TC I 370). Another edition was
published in 1697. ESTC R15713; Wing C3678; Wellcome II, p. 329;
Krivatsy 2390; Russell 144.
These were the lectures that inaugurated the new anatomy theatre of the
College of Physicians. The text is an extensively re­written version of
Charleton’s Natural history of nutrition, the Wrst English textbook of physiology
(no. 37 above).
The anatomy theatre was the Wrst purpose built anatomy theatre at the
College of Physicians. Previously anatomy demonstrations had taken place
in converted rooms in the College’s premises at Amen Corner. The new
building was deisgned by Robert Hooke and paid for by Sir John Cutler.
The frontispiece shows the theatre, topped by its ‘Gilded Pill,’ as Garth later

described it, in an engraving which is, I think, by David Loggan who provided
the frontispiece portrait of Charleton. There is also a long dedication to Cutler
dated 27 March 1679.
Charleton had had an uneasy relationship with the College of Physicians.
Although elected as a candidate in 1650 he failed to secure a fellowship in
1655, presumably because of his support for van Helmont and Paracelsus
and his membership of the Society of Chymical Physicians established in
opposition to the College. He did however become an honorary fellow in
1664 but had to wait till 1667 to become a full member with all privileges. He
was appointed anatomy reader in 1679 and as this book celebrates, had the
honour of delivering the Wrst lectures in the new anatomy theatre. Thereafter
he played a prominent part in college aVairs. (See John Henry in ODNB;
Pagel, Van Helmont, 1982, pp.199–200.)
Rolleston, op. cit. no. 37 above, p. 413.
40
CHIARAMONTI, Scipione (1565–1652)
De sede cometarum, et novorum phaenomen. Libri duo. In primo
contenetur defensio sententiae suae ab oppugnationibus P. Nicoalai
Cabei Iesuitae; et in secondo replicatio Fortunio Liceto.
Forli: ex typographia Cimatiorum, 1648.
8vo: † 8 A–M8 (blank †8), 104 leaves, pp. [16] 192 (including the initial
blank), woodcut initials and decorations, 9 woodcut diagrams in the
text; extensive errata on pp. xiii–xv.
148 x 100mm.
Binding: Contemporary carta rustica, stitched through the cover.
Worn, spine frayed.
Provenance: Contemporary signature ‘Stephanus Longanesivy’ on title,
58 words of errata from the errata list entered in the margins, a 15 line
annotation and a list of 10 authorities (beginning with Galileo) on rear
endleaf; booklabel of Jacobi Manzoni (19th or 20th­century).
First edition. Carli and Favaro 224; Riccarci I, col. 349, no. 12.
Chiaramonti wrote a number of polemical works defending Aristotelianism
against the new astronomy, in particular the discovery that comets are superlunary,
a serious blow to Aristotelian cosmology. This work is one of the last
publications in the long running controversy over the true nature of comets. In
the Wrst part, Chiaramonti defends himself against the attacks on his writings
by the Jesuit Niccolò Cabeo in his In quatuor libros meteorologicorum Aristotelis
commentaria (1646); and in the second he criticises Fortunio Liceti. Much
of the work is taken up with exposing the errors he believed he had found in
Kepler’s works.

41
CORVISART DES MARETS, Jean Nicolas (1755–1821)
Quaestio medica... An senibus lac ovillum?
Paris: Typis Quillau, Universit. & Facultatis Med. Typograph, 1781.
4to, pp. 4, woodcut headpiece on Wrst page.
251 x 196mm.
Binding: Recent boards.
First edition.
A thesis on the question, Should goat’s milk be given to old people? Corvisart
concludes, as is now recommended, that goat’s milk is suitable for the elderly.
On p. 2 he refers to Leeuwenhoek’s microscopic observations of fat globules in
milk. The thesis was defended by Corvisart on 1 March 1781 with Jean Charles
Desessartz as praeses; he defended another dissertation on 14 November 1782
with Antoine Pierre Demours as praeses.
42
CORVISART DES MARETS, Jean Nicolas (1755–1821)
Essai sur les maladies et les lésions organiques du coeur et
des gros vaisseaux; extrait des leçons cliniques de J. N. Corvisart...
publié, sous ses yeux, par C. E. Horeau... dédié a l’Empereur.
Paris: de l’imprimerie de Migneret [verso of half title:] chez Migneret...
H. Nicolle, 1806.
8vo, pp. [7] x–lvi 484 [2], errata on last leaf, verso blank. Corrections
on p. lvi (the publisher’s? – made before binding).
199 x 119mm. Light foxing.
Binding: Contemporary tree calf, Xat gilt spine, marbled endleaves, marbled
edges. Spine and corners worn, spine slightly defective, joints weak.
First edition. A second edition was published in 1811 and a third in
1818. An English translation was published in Boston and Philadelphia
in 1812. Garrison–Morton 2737; Heirs of Hippocrates 1126; Wellcome
II, p. 394.
‘In this great classic of cardiac literature, Corvisart for the Wrst time so
ordered the symptomatology of heart disease that diVerentiation between
cardiac and pulmonary disease was made possible. He distinguished between
cardiac hypertrophy and dilation, he divided the clinical course of cardiac
failure into three phases, and he showed the relationship between cause and
eVect in valvular disease and cardiac failure. Corvisart was personal physician
to Napoleon and enjoyed a close and loyal relationship with him’ (Heirs of
Hippocrates).
This edition was compiled by E. E. Horeau from notes based on Corvisart’s
lectures and published under Corvisart’s supervision; Corvisart signed the
dedication to Napoleon. Later editions were written by Corvisart himself.
Fredrick A. Willius and Thomas E. Keys, Cardiac classics (1941), pp. 279–290.

43
CROLL, Oswald (c. 1560–1609); PARACELSuS (1493–1541)
Philosophy reformed & improved in four profound tractates.
The I. discovering the great and deep mysteries of nature: by that
learned chymist & physitian Osw: Crollius. The other III. discovering
the wonderfull mysteries of the creation by Paracelsus: being his
philosophy to the Athenians. Both made English by H. Pinnell, for the
increase of learning and true knowledge.
London: printed by M. S[immons]. for Lodowick Lloyd, at the Castle in
Cornhill, 1657.
8vo: A8 a4 B–O8 P4 ; 2A–2D8 2E4 , 156 leaves, pp. [24] 160 171–226; [2]
70. Engraved portrait on A1v, typographic headpieces and woodcut
initials.
153 x 98mm. Headlines cropped, shoulder notes shaved with loss of a
few letters at line endings.
Binding: Recent poslished calf.
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.
First edition. Thomason copy annotated 1 May. ESTC states that the
Latin originals are untraced, but these texts are evidently at least in
part based on the ‘Praefatio admonitoria’ from Croll, Basilica Chymica
(Frankfurt 1609) and Paracelsus, Philosophiae ad Athenienses (Cologne
1564). Wing C7023; ESTC R208771; Duveen p. 454; Neville I, p. 309.
Croll is credited with gaining academic recognition for the value of chemical
remedies and his Basilica Chymica was the Wrst textbook of iatrochemistry
(Gerald Schröder, DSB 3: 471–2). The translator has provided a glossary of
Crollian and Paracelsian terminology. The engraved frontispiece is a portrait
of Paracelsus.
44
DAVISSON (or DAVISON), William (c. 1593–1669);
SEVERINuS, Petrus (1542–1602)
[Commentariorum... prodromus] Commentariorum in sublimis
philosophi & incomparabilis viri Petri Severini Dani Ideam Medicinae
Philosophicae, propediem prodituorum prodromus. In quo Platonicae
doctrinae explicantur fundamenta, super quae Hippocrates, Paracelsus
& Severinus: nec non ex antithesi, Aristoteles & Galenus sua stabilivere
dogmata.
The Hague: ex typographia Adriani Vlacq, 1660.
4to: )( 4 2)( 2 A–4T4 4V2 , 360 leaves, pp. [12] 708. Without the two
leaves of errata bound at the end in some copies. Title printed in red
and black; full page engravings on pp. 103 and 646, engraved arms on
the sectional title on p. 539.
[bound, as issued, with:]

SEVERINuS, Idea medicinae philosophicae
The Hague: ex typographia Adriani Vlacq, 1660.
4to: )( 4 A–2D4 (blank 2D4), 112 leaves, pp. 224. Typographic
ornaments on title, woodcut initials.
Two inserted leaves: 1 engraved leaf facing p. 1 and a letterpress table
facing p. 50.
196 x 150mm. Titlepage soiled. Occasional light foxing and
waterstaining but a good fresh and clean copy.
Binding: Contemporary calf, gilt spine. Joints cracked, corners worn,
front free endleaf removed.
Provenance: Faint old owner’s stamp ‘P. Dehordes à Bourbon Lt
(allter)’ [transcription uncertain].
First edition of the Prodromus, issued with the third edition of Severinus
Idea (Wrst 1571). Reprinted at Rotterdam in 1668. Bibliographia
Aberdonensis p. 387; Krivatsy 3067 and 11186; Wellcome II, p. 436;
Duveen p. 159; Neville I, p. 330 and II, p. 461.
This is the ‘Prodromus’ or preliminary treatise – massive though it is – to
Dav isson’s Commentary on Severinus, Idea medicinae philosophicae which was
issued by Vlacq in 1663. Owen Hannaway calls the Commentaria Davisson’s
‘most ambitious work’ which ‘marks Davison as a devoted Paracelsian
theorist, but by the time of its appearance it was somewhat outdated, since
iatrochemical theory had come to be dominated by the work of J. B. van
Helmont’. (For Pagel’s copy of Severinus’ Idea, the ‘Wrst major synthesis of
the Paracelsian corpus’ see my Catalogue 41, no. 115.)
The present Prodromus and the 1663 Commentaria are, Ferguson notes,
‘quite diVerent’. However, a number of commentators from Johnstone and
Robertson in Bibliographia Aberdonensis to Hannaway in DSB cite Ferguson
but ignore his note and state that the Commentaria of 1663 is the second
edition of the Prodromus of 1660. Interestingly the Prodromus was reprinted
in 1668 while there were no further editions of the Commentaria. Davisson
provided an index to both works in his Theophrasti Veridici Scoti doctoris medici
Plicomastix (1668), a work noted for being ‘the Wrst work printed in Aberdeen
for publication in a foreign country’ (Bibliographia Aberdonensis p. 416).
William Davisson was born in Aberdeen and emigrated to France when
his family fell on hard times, as he explains in the present work (p. 407), and
there married a fellow Scot. He may have qualiWed as a doctor at Montpellier.
He was befriended by Jean Baptiste Morin and in 1626 began lecturing
on chemistry at Paris and published his most important work Philosophia
pyrotechnica (1633–5), a wide ranging chemistry textbook. In 1644 he became
Wrst physician to Louis XIII and in 1647 he was appointed as the Wrst professor
of chemistry at the Jardin du Roi. This was the Wrst chair of chemistry in
France. He resigned this post in 1651 and became Wrst physician to King Jan
Kazimierz of Poland and keeper of the royal garden. He returned brieXy to
Aberdeen in 1667 and then back to Paris where Louis XIV ratiWed his patent
of nobility.
Some copies have a two leaf section of errata bound at the end, not noticed
in the Bibliographia Aberdonensis. It has clearly never been present in this

copy, whose binding is undisturbed, and was presumably issued later. STCN
describes the Wnal gathering as 4V4 and calls for additional signatures at the
end. This is incorrect. The last gathering is 4V2 and the errata, where present
should be designated c2 . The STCN record is based on the university of
Amsterdam copy, OTM: O 62­6905. That copy is bound with Davisson’s
Plicomastix (1668), mentioned above, which accounts for the additional
signatures in the formula.
Ferguson I, p. 201; J. Read, ‘The Wrst British professor of chemistry’, Ambix, 9
(1961), 70–101; Owen Hannaway, DSB 3, 596–7 (Hannaway cites the Prodromus
as though it was the Commentaria); Lawrence M. Principe in ODNB.
45
DESCARTES, René (1596–1650)
Epistolae, partim ab auctore Latino sermone conscriptae, partim ex
Gallico translatae. In quibus omnis generis quaestiones philosophicae
tractantur, & explicantur plurimae diYcultates quae in reliquis eius
operibus occurrunt. Pars prima [–secunda]... Londini, impensis
Joh: Dunmore, & Octaviani Pulleyn, ad insigne Regis, in vico Little
Brittaine dicto.
— Epistolae... In quibus responderat ad plures diYcultates ipsi
propositas in Dioptrica, Geometria, variisque aliarum scientiarum
subjectis. Pars Tertia. Amstelodami, ex typographia Blaviana.
London and Amsterdam, 1668, 1683.
3 volumes 4to: volume 1: A–3A4 , 188 leaves, pp. [8] 368, woodcut
illustration on title; volume 2: 2
* A–3D4 3E2 3F2 , 206, pp. [4] 404 [4],
woodcut illustration on title and woodcut diagrams and illustrations
in the text; volume 3: * – 4
** , A–3G4 3H2 , 222 leaves, pp. [16] 427 [1]
(last page blank). Woodcut printer’s device on title, woodcut initials,
diagrams and illustrations in the text.
14 plates of woodcut diagrams in volume 1 (bound as throwouts).
204 x 153mm. A few rust spots in volume 3. Fine fresh and clean
copies.
Binding: Contemporary English mottled calf, blind panelled sides, red
lettering pieces, red sprinkled edges. Surface of leather pitted from
mottling acid, joints cracked but cords holding, corners and spine
ends worn, lettering pieces on vols 1 and 2 chipped, that from vol. 3
missing.
Provenance: Christ’s College, Oxford with engraved bookplates and
MS shelf­marks (bookplate removed from volume 3).
Vol. I, London 1668, reprint of Wrst Latin edition (Wrst Latin, Amsterdam,
Daniel Elzevier, 1668); vol. II, London 1668, Wrst Latin edition,
London issue (Amsterdam issue, Daniel Elzevier, 1668); vol. III,
Amsterdam, 1683, Wrst Latin edition. Revised translations of Lettres de
Monsieur Descartes (3 vols, Paris, 1657–1667). There were many later
editions. Guibert, Lettres 10 and 11; Wing D1130; ESTC R3603.

Descartes’ correspondence supplements and comments on a wide range of
subjects in his published works concerning philosophy, physiology, mathematics
and natural philosophy. Many of the letters are illustrated. Some
352 letters are included in these volumes (almost half the letters in modern
editions), including many addressed to Hobbes, Fermat, De Roberval, Henry
More, Mersenne, Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia and Queen Christina of
Sweden. The title to volume 3 announces that the letters reply to diYculties
relating to Descartes’ works on dioptrics, geometry and various other scientiWc
subjects.
When Descartes left for Sweden he left a suitcase of papers to be opened
after his death. Few if any of the letters printed here come from that collection.
Descartes took another suitcase of letters with him, some of which he had
already prepared for publication. When he died in his Wrst winter in Sweden
his letters came into the possession of Hector­Pierre Chanut (1600–1662),
the French ambassador in Sweden. He began to arrange them for publication
with the help of Christiaan Huygens but in the end handed them over to
Claude Clerselier (1614–1684), who had already started to translate and edit
a selection based on draft letters in his possession. Clerselier’s French edition,
Lettres de Monsieur Descartes, (3 volumes, Paris, Charles Angot, 1657–1667) is
the Wrst collective edition of Descartes correspondence.
Although the Latin edition is basically a translation of the Clerselier’s French
edition, the editor, who remains anonymous, had access to other texts and in
some cases the texts printed in the Epistolae are closer to the originals.
The publishing history of the Latin edition is complex. Daniel Elzevier
intended to print all three volumes, as is clear from the preface to the Wrst volume,
but only issued the Wrst two, in 1668, with co­editions issued in London.
After Elzevier’s death, Blaeu took over the publication, reprinted the Wrst two
volumes in 1682 and printed the third volume in 1683 (see Willems, Les Elzevier
1393 and Berghman’s Supplément 369). This set, in contemporary English
bindings is made up of the London issues of the Wrst two volumes, perhaps
purchased on publication, or held by a bookseller, and the Amsterdam edition
of the third volume. There was never a London issue of the third volume.
The London isssues of the Wrst two volumes are diVerent from each other
in that the Wrst is an entirely new setting, bibliographically therefore a new
edition, while the second is a re­issue of the Amsterdam edition, with only the
two preliminary leaves re­set. In both cases however it is clear that Elzevier
was directly involved. In the Wrst volume the same blocks are used for printing
the illustrations in both the Amsterdam and London editions (in the London
edition they are printed on inserted leaves, rather than integrated with the text).
The type is almost identical but not quite. I have been unable to determine if
the text of the London volume 1 was printed in London and the woodcut plates
in Amsterdam; or all in London; or all in Amsterdam. On the other hand,
the typography of the prelims, the use of the same initial letter P (Berghman,
Etudes sur la bibliographie Elzevirienne no. 325) and a text woodcut used as a
titlepage device, strongly suggest that these leaves were set and printed in
Amsterdam. This is probably also the case in the second volume, the prelims
of which are reset for the London issue, using the same text woodcut on the
titlepage. It seems certain that there was close collaboration between Elzevier
in Amsterdam and Dunmore and Pulleyn in London, but that this relationship
was lost when Blaeu took over the publication.

Willems and Berghman do not mention the London issues; Guibert lists
them (Lettres no. 11) but had not seen copies.
For a detailed account of the origin of the correspondence and the textual
issues, see the introduction to the pilot edition of the correspondence for 1643:
Theo Verbeek, Erik­Jan Bos and Jeroen van de Ven, The Correspondence of René
Descartes 1643 (2003). In Quaestiones InWnitae, Publications of the Department of
Philosophy, utrecht university, vol. 45 and online at http://igitur­archive.library.
uu.nl/ph/2005­0309­013011/index.htm (accessed 9/01/2010).
46
Du HAMEL, Jean­Baptiste (1624–1706)
and Pierre PETIT (1598–1677)
Astronomia physica, seu de luce, natura, et motibus corporum
caelestium libri duo. In priori libro de lumine, & coloribus agitur. In
posteriori universa astronomia tum speculatrix, tum practica physicè,
& geometricè, citra Euclidis opem demonstratur. Accessere Petri Petiti
Observationes aliquot eclipsium solis & lunae; cum dissertationibus de
latitudine Lutetiae, declinatione magnetis, necnon de novo systemate
mundi quod anonymus dudum proposuit.
Paris: apud Petrum Lamy, secundâ columnâ magnae Aulae Palatii, sub
Magno Caesare, 1660.
4to: ã4 e˜ 4 ĩ4 A–2E4 † 2 (–† 4 ) * –2 4
* 3* 2 a–h4 (–h4 ), 167 leaves, pp. [24]
224 [24] 61 [1]. Woodcut device on title, woodcut head­ and tailpieces
and initials, woodcut diagrams in the text, several full page.
213 x 165mm. Lower outer corners dampstained and frayed; light
discolouration throughout.
Binding: Eighteenth­century paste­paper boards. Lower corners
heavily worn, spine rubbed.
Provenance: Old signature on title ‘J. M. Stembruck’.
First edition. Lalande p. 247.
Du Hamel’s major work on planetary astronomy and the nature of light and
colours. It contains at the end a series of papers by Petit on the solar eclipse
visible from Paris on 14 November 1639, on magnetic dip, and the system of
the world. Du Hamel’s Wrst astronomical work, his Wrst publication, was the
Elementa astronomica (1643), a short primer on astronomy which ‘testiWes to
his ability’ (Costabel). Yet despite this and Costabel’s conWdence that ‘the
works he published in 1660 and 1663 assure his reputation,’ Costabel’s short
DSB article is the only modern account of Du Hamel and his works, apart
from a paper by J. MacLean comparing his colour theory with those of La
Chambre and Vossius. Apparently it was only his contemporary reputation
that was assured. He is better known as the Wrst secretary of the Académie
Royale des Sciences and its Wrst historian.
Pierre Petit fared worse than Du Hamel with his contemporaries and was
ignored by Colbert in his initial selection of members of the Académie Royale
in 1666. This surprising neglect was emphasised by his election as one of the
Wrst foreign fellows of the Royal Society of London in April 1667.

Pierre Costabel, ‘Jean­Baptiste Du Hamel,’ DSB 4:221–222; Martin Fichman,
‘Pierre Petit,’ DSB 10:546–7; J. MacLean, ‘De kleurentheorie van de Aristotlianen
en de opvattingen van De la Chambre, Duhamel, en Vossius in de periode
1640–1670’, Scientiarum Historia 10 (1968) 208–221.
47
EINSTEIN, Albert (1879–1955)
and Marcel GROSSMANN (1878–1936)
Entwurf einer verallgemeinerten Relativitätstheorie und einer
Theorie der Gravitation. I. Physikalischer Teil von Albert Einstein.
II. Mathematischer Teil von Marcel Grossmann.
Leipzig and Berlin: Druck und Verlag von B. G. Teubner [verso of title]
Separatabdruck aus Zeitschrift für Mathematik und Physik, Band 62, 1913.
8vo, pp. 38.
243 x 163mm. Light toning.
Binding: Contemporary boards with cloth spine, original printed wrappers
(with advertisements) mounted on upper and lower boards. Minor
rubbing.
Provenance: Small owners stamp of Julius Ott on titlepage.
OVprint from Zeitschrift für Mathematik und Physik 62 (1913), 225–244.
Weil 58a; Norman 693.
‘One of the turning­points in the development of relativity theory. Einstein
had realized that he could proceed no further without expert mathematical
help, and called upon his friend Marcel Grossmann to supply it.’ (Norman
Catalogue.)
‘This step was immense in its implications: (a) it forced the abandonment
of the Newtonian notion that the gravitational Weld could be characterized
by one scalar function, the gravitational potential; (b) it forced on Einstein
the notion that gravitation is explicitly related to the geometrical structure of
space­time.’ (Nandor L. Balazs, DSB 4:327a.)
‘These oVprints are printed from the same setting as the text, but often
with a new pagination. I have often been asked about the number of these
oV prints. It seems to be certain that there were few before 1914.’ (Ernst
Weil, quoted in Zeitlin & ver Brugge Catalogue 214 (1966), no. 84, possibly
a private communication).
48
EINSTEIN, Albert (1879–1955)
Zur Einheitlichen Feldtheorie.
Berlin: Verlag der Akademie er Wissenschaften in kommission bei Walter de
Gruyter u. co. [on p. 8:] gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1929.
8vo, pp. 8.
257 x 180mm. Slightly creased.

Binding: Contemporary paste­paper boards, original orange printed
wrappers bound in. Price on title scored through.
OVprint from Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Phys.-math. Klasse 1 (1929) 2–7. Weil 168; Norman Catalogue 700;
Printing and the Mind of Man 416 (with four other papers).
The third of a series of Wve papers published between 1925 and 1929 in which
Einstein attempted to develop a uniWed theory of gravitation and electricity
– the uniWed Weld theory.
49
EINSTEIN, Albert (1879–1955), and Walther MAYER (b. 1887–1848)
Semi­Vektoren und Spinoren.
Berlin: Verlag der Academie der Wissenschaften in kommission bei Walter
de Gruyter u. co. [on p. 31:] gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1932.
4to, pp. 31.
255 x 181mm.
Binding: Original orange printed wrappers. Small chip to lower wrapper.
OVprint from Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Phys.-math. Klasse 32 (1932) 522–550. Weil 186.
One of three papers published with Mayer on the uniWed Weld theory.
50
ELLIOTSON, John (1791–1868)
Numerous cases of surgical operations without pain in the
mesmeric state with remarks upon the opposition of many members
of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society and others to the
reception of the inestimable blessings of mesmerism.
London: H. Ballière (Walton and Mitchell, printers), 1843.
8vo, pp. 93 [1], without the final leaf, an advertisement for
other works by the author.
213 x 138mm
Binding: Contemporary half morocco, morocco grained cloth sides.
Spine ends and corners worn.
Provenance: ‘Dr Inglis, Halifax’, signature on p. 5 and his marginal
marks in pencil and annotations in pencil and ink. Walter Pagel’s
signature, undated, on pastedown.
First edition. Garrison–Morton 5650.2; Fulton and Stanton I.14;
Wellcome II, p. 519.
Elliotson was one of the Wrst in England to use hypnosis in surgery. His
views were hotly opposed and here, as well as giving the Wrst account of his
procedures, he responds to his critics.

‘This records in detail the case of a 42­year­old laborer with ulcerated knee
who while mesmerized had his leg amputated by W. Squire Ward. A lively
verbal tilt followed when the case was reported, and the bulk of the book is
taken up with details of the controversy which Elliotson set down with all the
zeal of a Scottish Covenanter. Other cases are then described. On page 65
Elliotson uses the word “anaesthesia”.’ (Fulton and Stanton pp. 16–17.)
The former owner of this copy, who evidently read the text closely, one Dr
Inglis of Halifax, is presumbly James Inglis (1813–1851) who specialised in
the treatment of goiter. There is a photographic portrait of him by Hill and
Adamson in the George Eastman House, Rochester, NY, dated between 1843
and 1847 (GEH NEG: 42820).
John F. Fulton and Madeline E. Stanton, The centennial of Surgical Anesthesia
(1946).
51
ENT, George (1604–1689)
Antidiatribe [Greek] sive animadversiones in Malachiae
Thrustoni, M.D. Diatribam de respirationis usu primario.
London: J. M. for William Bromwich, 1679.
8vo: p2 B–P4 (blank P4), 110 leaves, pp. [4] 214 [2].
Engraved frontispiece portrait by R. White.
169 x 106. Light soiling and paper discolouration.
Binding: Contemporary black morocco, gilt panelled sides, gilt spine,
marbled endleaves, gilt edges. Spine rubbed, corners worn.
Provenance: Early shelf mark 1:0.1492 on endleaf; nineteenth­century
signature J. Rennsay; Bernard Quaritch Ltd (cost code on rear
pastedown).
First edition. Wing E3134; ESTC R2864; Wellcome II, p. 586;
Krivatsy 3665.
In the introduction to his De respiratione of 1670, Malachi Thruston had
implied that his work had been approved by Ent, who had just been elected
president of the College of Physicians. This was probably the reason that Ent
took the trouble to write this learned reply, a wide ranging review of research
on respiration with reference to the works of Thomas Willis, Malpighi, Harvey,
Boyle, Hooke and other contemporary physiologists. He also discusses his
own Apologia pro circulatione sanguinis (1641) in defence of Harvey.
An original member of the Royal Society, Ent was a close friend of William
Harvey and persuaded him to publish De generatio animalium in 1650, to which
he contributed an introduction. He was also intimate with Hooke and refers to
Hooke’s work on respiration and combustion in Micrographia (1665). Hooke
came very close to the discovery of oxygen. He discovered that something in
the air was used up both in combustion and respiration, but the importance
of this discovery was ignored for over a hundred years.

52
ENT, George (1604–1689)
Opera omnia medico­physica... Nunc primum junctim edita, a
plurimis mendis repurgata, ac indice capitum, rerum et verborum
accuratissimo aucta & ornata.
Leiden: apud Petrum Vander Aa, 1687.
8vo: 8
* (–* 8 A–2S8 , 333 of 334 leaves, pp. [30] 629 [27] (last page
blank). Engraved title by Schoonebeek printed on * 1; lacking the
engraved portrait printed on * 8 (replaced with an impression
of the portrait to Antidiatribe, London, 1679), 2D2 titlepage to
‘Antidiatribe’ dated 1686; woodcut printer’s device on title, small
engraved illustrations on pp. 148 and 150.
160 x 98mm. Very light browning, a good fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, red edges.
First combined edition of Apologia pro circulatione sanguinis (London, 1641,
reprinted 1685) and Antidiatribe (1679). Krivatsy 3664; Wellcome II p. 526.
‘Ent’s Wrst book, Apologia pro circulatione sanguinis (1641), dedicated to Harvey,
counter­attacked the anti­Harveian Emilio Parigiano and emphasized the
importance of experiment. It also contained remarks on respiration that spoke
of the importance of a nitre in air and water, which inspired later work among
English physiologists.’ (Harold J. Cook in ODNB.)
Pagel refers to Ent’s historical discussion of the blood as a ‘source of Wre’,
citing the Apologia, in the present edition, pp. 173 and 185 (Pagel, New Light
on William Harvey, p. 165).
This edition was issued with a slightly reduced and reversed copy, unsigned,
of the portrait of Ent by White in the Antidiatribe (London, 1679) (Renate
Burgess, Portraits of Doctors and Scientists in the Wellcome Institute of the History
of Medicine, 1973, 910). In this copy the White portrait has been pasted in, to
replace the correct portrait which is missing.
53
EuLER, Leonhard (1707–1783)
Vernünftige Gedanken von dem Raume dem Orth der Dauer
und der Zeit theils aus dem Französischen des H. Professor Eulers
übersetzt theils aus verschiedenen ungedruckten Briefen dieses
berühmten Manners mitgetheilt.
Quedlingburg: bey Gottfried Heinrich Schwans Wittwe, 1763.
8vo: )( 8 A–O 8 P 4 , 124 leaves, pp. 248.
173 x 105mm. A good fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary glazed paper boards, red sprinkled edges.
Binding soiled and a little worn.
Provenance: undeciphered inscriptions on endleaves; nineteenthcentury
armorial bookplate ‘Bibliotheca SeckendorWana’.

First edition in German and the only separate edition, a translation of
‘RéXexions sur l’éspace et le tems’, Mémoires de l’académie des sciences
de Berlin 4 (1750) 324–333. Euler Archive 149A.
‘Euler outlays his views on the relation between Metaphysics and Mechanics.
The truths of mechanics are “so indubitably constant” that they must be
founded in the natures of bodies. Metaphysics is the study of the nature of
bodies, therefore the laws of Mechanics constrain Metaphysical theories. In
fact, any Metaphysical idea or conclusion corresponding to a Mechanical one
must agree in all its implications with Mechanics. This applies in particular
to space and time. Real, absolute, space and time are assumed by the laws of
Mechanics. Therefore, Metaphysical arguments for the unreality of space and
time must be unfounded and “hide some parlogism”.’ (The Euler Archive:
http://www.math.dartmouth.edu/~euler/)
54
FABRICI, Girolamo, Fabricius of Aquapendente (1533–c. 1619)
De brutorum loquela.
Padua: ex typographia Laurentii Pasquati, 1603.
Folio, p4 (–p4) A–D2 , 17 leaves, pp. [6] 27 [1] (last page blank). Index
on p3. Woodcut printer’s device on title, woodcut initials.
388 x 250mm. Lower margins dampstained and paper weakened.
Binding: Recent half calf.
Provenance: Purchased from Bernard Quaritch Ltd (cost code on rear
pastedown).
First edition, originally issued with De formato foeto and other works by
Fabricius without a general titlepage. There was a Frankfurt eiditon of
the collection, Anatomices et chirurgiae... tractatus quatuor (1625) and
the original sheets were re­issued, but without the prelims, in Opera
physica anatomica (Padua, Meglietti, 1625). See Wellcome 2119 and
Krivatsy 3804.
A treatise on the production of sounds by animals. It was one of the treatises
intended to form part of Fabrici’s monumental Totius animalis fabricae
theatrum which was never completed.
This work was issued with De formato foetu (1604), De venarum osteolis
(1603) and De locutione et eius instrumentis liber (1603). De formato foetu has a
Wne engraved titlepage, but there is no general titlepage. It is unclear if De
brutorum loquela was issued independently. The present copy was probably
extracted from a volume with all four treatises.
55
FAuST, Johann Michael (1663–1707)
Compendium alchymist. novum, sive Pandora explicata & figuris
illustrata, das ist die Edelste Gabe Gottes oder ein güldener Schatz.
Frankfurt and Leipzig: Verlegts Johann Zieger, 1706.

8vo: )( 6 )( 8 A–3Q8 3R8 (–3R8) 3S–3Z8 4A–4K8 4L1 (=3R8?); (A)–(F) 8
(G) 4 ; 2A–O8 2P6 , 816 leaves, double page title and pp. [24] 1071 (i.e.
1070, 1055 omitted) [194]; 104; 236. Title in red and black, woodcut
illustrations in the text.
Double page engraved title signed ‘I. C. Marchand fecit, in Nürnberg’
and 19 full page engravings numbered A–T (A at p. 210; B–M
between pp. 968 and 991; N–T between pp. 1008 and 1023).
167 x 109mm. Some gatherings lightly browned, a good fresh and
clean copy.
Binding: Bound as two volumes in later eighteenth­century half calf
over sprinkled boards, Italian paste­paper endleaves, sprinkled edges.
An engraving of a chemical laboratory by I. Veenhuysen is pasted to
an endleaf in the Wrst volume and a manuscript titleleaf is added to the
second. Lower joint of Wrst volume cracked and torn, minor wear to
other joints and corners.
First edition. Ferguson I, p. 265.
A massive compilation centred on a reprint of Reusner’s Pandora (Basle 1582)
with a preface by Faust and numerous extracts and parallel passages from all
the main alchemical writers.
The Wrst edition of Pandora is one of the rarest books in the history of
alchemy, celebrated for its remarkable illustrations combining Christian
symbolism with alchemical operations. It is based on one of the earliest
German alchemical manuscripts, ‘Der buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit’ (the
text of which has apparently never been printed), of which the earliest copies
have been dated to 1415–16. Alchemical emblems only began to appear in
manuscripts around 1400. Reusner, a native of Lemberg in Silesia, gained
his MD at Basle and became town physician to Hof in Vogtland and then
at Nördlingen. He was apparently only the editor of the book, whose real
authorship is obscure and contested (Ferguson, i. p. 265).
In this edition, the famous woodcuts of Pandora are Wnely reproduced as
engravings. In addition there is a vast ‘Index rerum’ (pp. [194]); a ‘Lexicon
Alchemiae’ by Faust (pp. 104); and Wnally a ‘Summarischer BegriV’ (pp.
236). The last two parts are apparently not always present, or present in a
diVerent form. For example the Getty Research Institute copy has only a
96 page section after the ‘Index rerum’. The present copy conforms to the
description of the Young copy given by Ferguson.
In addition to this edition, Pagel owned Dyson Perrins’ copy of the Wrst
edition of Pandora, see my Catalogue 41, no. 105.
56
FIORAVANTI, Leonardo (1518–1588)
Three exact pieces of Leonard Phioravant Knight, and Doctor
in Physick, viz. his rationall secrets, and chirurgery, reviewed and
revived. Together with a book of excellent experiments and secrets,
collected out of the practises of severall expert men in both faculties.
Whereunto is annexed Paracelsus his One hundred and fourteen

experiments: with certain excellent works of B. G. à Portu Aquitano.
Also Isaac Hollandus his Secrets concerning his vegetall and animall
work. With Quercetanus his Spagyrick antidotary for gun­shot.
London: printed by G. Dawson, and are to be sold by William Nealand, at
his shop at the sign of the Crown in Duck-lane, 1652.
4to: pA4 A–2A4 2B4 bb2 , 2C–3N4 3O4 , pp. [8] 16 [2] 180 (with several
internal errors of pagination); [2] 106; [10] 92 (i.e. 72, 69–88 omitted);
[12] 75 [1] (last page blank). Fleuron border to title, woodcut
headpieces and initials; subsidiary titlepages dated 1652 on 2B4, 2Q2
and 3C3 repeating the wording of the general title.
172 x 128mm. A small copy with several headlines and catchwords
shaved; title browned and dust soiled and Xeuron border cropped;
waterstained with some weakening of the paper.
Binding: Contemporary blind ruled calf, rebacked, new endleaves.
Corners worn.
Provenance: Contemporary inscription on titlepage, partially erased,
‘William [?] his book’ and another early signature ‘Farringdel’; a few
words of contemporary annotation on Z1; inscription on rear endleaf
about one Jacob who ‘commited one fault and a Material one’ on June
19, 1709 (I can’t decipher what the misdemeanour was); Liverpool
Medical Institution with library labels on endleaves and small stamp
on titlepage and several other pages.
First edition of this compendium, assembled by William Johnson
chieXy from translations by John Hester, Wrst printed in 1582, of
Del compendio de i secreti rationali (1564) and La cirurgia (1580). The
Thomason copy is annotated 1 October 1652: ESTC gives the date
as ‘1652 [i. e. 1651]’, it is not clear on what basis. Wing F953; ESTC
R211011; Wellcome III, p. 27; Krivatsy 4079; SudhoV 370; Norman
Library 797; Neville I, p. 456.
Fioravanti’s works were enormously popular and were regularly reprinted
in Italian, and English editions of several of his works had appeared around
1580 in translations by John Hester. These are important for introducing
Paracelsian chemical remedies to England – though not, Debus points out,
Paracelsian philosophy since Hester chose to translate only texts with recipes,
avoiding more theoretical works (Debus pp. 68–9).
Aside from the interest of bringing Fioravanti’s writings back into print 100
years after they were written, this edition provides a fascinating commentary
on the row between the College of Physicans and Nicholas Culpeper.
‘OYcially, the College’s response to [Culpeper’s translation of their
pharmacopoeia] was one of digniWed silence. unoYcially, dissecting knives
were drawn. William Johnson, the College’s chemist, wrote a vitriolic personal
attack added to the Wrst publication that came to hand, a translation of an
obscure medical work by the Italian physician Leonardo Fioravanti entitled
Three Exact Pieces. Giving Nicholas a taste of his own medicine, Johnson
accused him of being ignorant, arrogant, and even licentious... Johnson’s
attack was not openly endorsed by the College, but it was signed “From
Amen Corner”.’ (Woolley pp. 295–6.)

The attack on Culpeper occupies four pages (B1–4, pp. 9–16) addressed
to ‘Friend Culpepr[sic]’ containing the often quoted insult that of the
Pharmacopoeia, ‘Culpeper hath made Cul­paper, paper Wt to wipe ones breech
withall’. This follows an only slightly less intemperate attack on ‘the Book
lately Published by one who stiles himselfe Noah Biggs, Helmontii Psittacum’,
i.e. Biggs, Mataeotechnia medicinae praxeos, dated 1651 on the titlepage and
probably published in March 1652.
Allen G. Debus, The English Paracelsians (1965), pp. 66–69; Benjamin Woolley,
The herbalist. Nicholas Culpeper and the Wght for medical freedom (2004).
57
FLuDD, Robert (1574–1637)
Clavis philosophiae et alchymiae Fluddanae. Sive Roberti Fluddi...
ad epistolicam Petri Gassendi Theologi Exercitationem Responsum.
Frankfurt: Prostant apud Guihelmum Fitzerum, 1633.
Folio: A–L4 , 44 leaves, pp. 87 [1] (last page blank). Large
engraved device on title, woodcut headpieces and initials.
295 x 193mm. Light browning.
Binding: Nineteenth­century sprinkled boards. Spine torn.
Bound after part of another work by Fludd, see below.
Provenance: Inscriptions on title of Wrst item in volume,
‘Ex bibliotheca D: Brix de Wakenbirggs. Archiat:
FürstendorV’ [transcription uncertain]; and, probably
later, ‘Anton v. Lancsz Zeibehyrung’ [transcription
uncertain]; owner’s monogram stamp ‘R. C.’ on
pastedown and ‘Collationné­complet’ with the same
initials in red ink.
First edition. Ferguson I, p. 283.
Clavis philosophiae is ‘a reply to the anatomical and physiological
arguments assembled by Gassendi against Fludd’s ideas on
the movement of the blood. The former still believed in the
percolation of the Wner – purer – part of the venous blood from
the right heart to the left across the septum. Fludd strenu ously
denied the existence of such interventricular communications
and ex plain ed Gassendi’s Wndings in terms of artefacts. Fludd
continues: “This inquiry was carried out many times with
great diligence by several of my colleagues and particularly by
Dr Harvey, most expert anatomist, as he himself put the
matter to the test exhaustively for his own sake – the circulation
of the blood; however, not in any of many cadavers examined
did he Wnd anything like this; neither did I nor others when
scrutinising the septum of the heart with sharp and lynx­like
eyes”.’ (Pagel, William Harvey’s Biological Ideas, p. 114.)
Note in Pagel’s hand; ‘p. 34 in the second work (Clavis)
on Harvey cc interventricular heart septum’; and on a slip

tipped in: ‘II Clavis... on p. 34 about Harvey demonstrating absence of interventricular
pores and Fludd watching over his shoulders’.
This copy of the Clavis is bound after Fludd, Summum bonum, quod est
verum Magiae, Cabalae, Alchymiae Verae, Fratrum Roseae Crucis verorum,
(Frankfurt, 1629. Folio: AA–GG 4 , 28 leaves, pp. 53, i.e. 55, 37–38 repeated,
[1]. Large engraved device on title, woodcut headpieces and initials). This is
part 3 only of Medicina Catholica (Frankfurt, 1629–1631).
58
FLuDD, Robert (1574–1637)
Philosophia moysaica. In qua sapientia & scientia creationis &
creaturarum sacra veréque Christiana.
Gouda: excudebat Petrus Rammazenius, bibliopola, 1638.
Folio: ( * ) 4 A–2N4 , 148 leaves, V. [4] 152 (i.e. 144, V. 97–111 numbered
as pages). Half­title/explanation of the title­engraving on ( * )1, main
title on ( * )2, sectional title on R2. Large engraving on general title,
with another state of the same engraving, cut down and with
lettering added, on sectional title, 4 further engravings in the
text (on V. 4r, 52v/53r, the same engraving repeated, 66r and
78v); woodcut headpieces, woodcut diagrams and illustrations.
[second part:]
Responsum ad Hoplocrisma­spongum M. Fosteri
presbiteri, ab ipso, ad unguenti amarii validitatem
delendam ordinatum, hoc est, Spongiae M. Fosteri
Presbyteri expressio seu elisio. In qua virtuosa spongiae
ipsius potestas in detergendo unguentum armarium.
Gouda: excudebat Petrus Rammazenius, bibliopola, 1638.
Folio: A–G4 H2 (H2+1), 31 leaves, V. 30 [1], errata for both
works on last leaf. Woodcut printer’s device on title, woodcut
headpieces.
319 x 205mm. A Wne tall copy with some deckle edges showing
in the lower margin.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards.
Provenance: Early signature ‘Garuw’[?] in an early hand on
pastedown, and shelfmark ‘Hw.12’ on free endleaf and a note on
title ‘fort rare vid. Clemont[?] T. 3. pag. 379 seq.’ (nineteenthcentury);
Pagel’s pencil note on free endleaf, ‘On Systole &
Diastole and the Heart fol. 81 seq’.
First edition of the Wrst part; the second part is a translation
of Doctor Fludds answer unto M. Foster or, The squeesing of
Parson Fosters sponge (London, 1631). The errata leaf at the
end is for both works. An English translation of Philosophia
Moysaica was published in 1659. Krivatsy 4140 and 4137;
Wellcome 2331; Manly Hall Collection 67; Caillet 4036;
Ferguson I, p. 283–284.

Fludd’s earlier work, Medicina Catholica (1629) contained the Wrst recognition
in print of Harvey’s discovery of the circulation, though it has been questioned
whether he really understood the physiological basis of the discovery.
Nonetheless, Harvey himself, who was a close friend, commented on Fludd’s
anatomical knowledge and Fludd reports in the present work that he had
dissected the body of a hanged man privately in his own house in preparation
for his anatomical lectures at the College of Physicians (Pagel p. 114).
According to Manly Hall, Fludd here ‘extrapolates Mosaical truth. The
central principle is that of systole and diastole, rarefaction and condensation,
expansion and contraction. This is in essence the paradigm of microcosm and
macrocosm central in much of the Western tradition of occult writing. Fludd,
however, applies this idea directly to the occult truth of such phenomena as
snow, fountains, wind, and the loadstone. He also discusses sympathetic cures
in the Responsum.’ (Hoggart, p. 76.)
The second work is a reply to William Foster, Hoplocrisma-Spongus: or, a
sponge to wipe away the weapon salve (London, 1631), in which Foster accused
Fludd and others of witchcraft.
Walter Pagel, William Harvey’s Biological Ideas (1967), ‘Harvey and Robert Fludd’,
pp. 113–119; Manly P. Hall, ed. Ron. Charles Hogart, Alchemy. A Comprehensive
Bibliography of the Manly P. Hall Collection (1986).
59
FOREEST, Pieter van (1522–1597); James HART (d. 1639)
The arraignment of urines wherein are set downe the manifold
errors and abuses of ignorant urine­mongring empirickes, cozening
quacksalvers, women­physitians, and the like stuVe... Collected and
gathered as well out of the most ancient, as the moderne and late
physitians of our time: and written Wrst in the Latine tongue, and
divided into three bookes by Peter Forrest D. in Physicke, and native
of the towne of Alcmare in Holland. And for the beneWt of our British
nations newly epitomized, and translated into our English tongue by
James Hart Dr. of the foresaid faculty, and residing in the towne of
Northampton.
London: Printed by G. Eld for Robert Mylbourne, and are to be sold at his
shop at the great south doore of Pauls, 1623.
4to: 4
* (–* 1, blank) A4 a4 B–Q4 , 71 of 72 leaves, pp. [22] 122 (i.e. 120,
113–4 omitted). Typographic headpieces, woodcut initials.
165 x 125mm. Cropped at head and foot with loss of most of imprint
and many headlines, catchwords and signatures partially or wholly lost.
Binding: Eighteenth­century half sheep over marbled boards, marbled
endleaves. Worn, upper board detached.
First edition, an abridged translation of Foreest, De incerto, fallaci,
urinarum judicio (1589). Entered in the Stationer’s Register 7 January
1623. STC 11180; ESTC S102442; Manchester 868.
This was the Wrst work published by James Hart, abridged from Foreest’s

work. He followed this with a work of his own The Anatomie of Urines... or,
The Second Part of our Discourse on Urines (London, 1625). Both works are
dedicated to Charles I as Prince of Wales. These works ‘expose the fallacies
of diagnosis by means of an examination of urine at the hands of ignorant
persons, and attack three kinds of trespassers on the medical domain –
unlicensed quacks, meddlesome old women, and, above all, clergymen.’
(John Symons in ODNB).
Hart was a native of Edinburgh, possibly the James Hart who graduated
MA at Edinbugh university in 1599. He travelled in Europe and gained his
MD from the university of Basle in 1609. He returned to Britain shortly
afterwards and was established as a physician in Northampton by 1612. His
principal work is Klinike, or, The diet of the diseased (1633) a work on diet and
regimen in the Hippocratic tradition but far in advance of its time.
60
GALILEI, Galileo (1564–1642)
Systema cosmicum... in quo quatuor dialogis de duobus maximis
mundi systematibus, Ptolemaico & Copernicano... ex Italica lingua
Latine conversum. Accessit appendix gemina, qua SS. scripturae dicta
cum terrae mobilitate conciliantur.
Strasbourg: impensis Elzeviriorum, typis Davidis Hautti, 1635.
4to: ):( 4 a4 A–3T4 , 268 leaves, pp. [16] 495 [25]. Engraved title on ):(1,
‘Dialogus de systemate mundi’ with imprint ‘impensis Bonaventurae
et Abrahami Elzevir bibliopolar[sic] Leydens.’, portrait of Galileo on
):(4v signed ‘Jac. ab Heyden sculpsit’; woodcut initials and headpieces
and diagrams printed in the text.
200 x 158mm. Most gatherings fairly heavily browned as usual, but
index and prelims on better paper and clean; a good copy.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards with yapp fore edges, initials
and dates stamped on upper board. A little soiled; the counters of two
of the stamped letters have fallen out leaving holes in the vellum.
Provenance: Inscription on engraved title ‘Sum ex libris [name erased,
followed by a price]’; M. Th Müller, inscription on title dated 1687;
initials E. W. D. stamped on binding with date 1693; Max Harrwitz,
Buchhandlung & Antiquariat, Berlin. Pagel purchased the book from
Francis Edwards Ltd, London, 14 Dec 1964.
First Latin edition, a translation the Dialogo (1632) with additional
material. Sometimes catalogued under the wording on the engraved
title, ‘Dialogus de systemate mundi’. Carli–Favaro 148; Cinti 96;
Caspar, Kepler, 88; Riccardi I, i, col. 512; Willems 426.
The rare Latin edition of the Dialogo, translated by Kepler’s friend Mathias
Bernegger. It was printed in Strasbourg by David Hautt for Bonaventure and
Abraham Elzevier in Amsterdam. Publishing the original edition in Italian,
and in the form of an entertaining dialogue, Galileo was aiming at a wider
audience than merely academic astronomers and other natural philosophers.
1000 copies of the Wrst edition were printed and the printer claimed he could

have sold another 2000 had the book not been banned. On the other hand,
Bernegger suggested printing only 600 copies of the Latin edition, ‘the subject
matter being to the taste of few’ (Westman p. 338).
In addition to Galileo’s text there is a preface by Bernegger; an index (there
was no index in the original); an extract from Kepler’s introduction to his
Astronomia nova and the Wrst Latin edition of Paolo Antonio Foscarini, Sopra
l’opinione de’ Pittagorici, e del Copernico. Della mobilita’ della terra, e stabilita’ del
sole, e del nuovo Pittagorico sistema del mondo (Naples, 1615: the Latin edition
in 1615, sometimes referred to, is a ghost, see Carli–Favoro). Foscarini’s work
was appended to subsequent editions of the Dialogo.
Willems comments that ‘L’impression et le papier sont des plus médiocres’.
The paper is susceptible to rather heavy browning, but in this copy at least the
index and the prelims are printed on better paper and are not browned, so that
the engraved and printed titles and the portrait of Galileo are not aVected.
Robert Westman, ‘The reception of Galileo’s Dialogue: a Partial World Census of
Extant Copies’, In Paolo Galluzzi, ed., Novita celesti e crisi del sapere (Florence,
1984) 329–72. The Wrst edition is Dibner, Heralds of Science 8; Horblit, One Hundred
Books Famous in Science 18c; Printing and the Mind of Man 128; and Sparrow,
Milestones of Science 74.
61
GALILEI, Galileo (1564–1642)
Dialogo... sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo... in questa
seconda impressione accresciuto di una Lettera dello stesso, non più
stampata, e di vari trattati di più autori, i quali si veggono nel Wne del
libro... in Fiorenza, MDCCX.
Naples: [no publisher’s name], 1710.
4to: 6
* A–2E8 2F4 2G2 (–2G2); §–4§4; a–k4 l2 (–L2), 292 leaves,
pp. [12] 458; [32]; 83 (i.e. 81, last page misnumbered) [1] (last page
blank). Title printed in red and black with engraved device; sectional
title on 4§4 with woodcut device. Woodcut diagrams in the text.
225 x 171mm. Some light foxing, mostly insigniWcant but becoming
heavier in a few gatherings.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, red morocco lettering piece
(probably added later), green sprinkled page edges. Soiled and rubbed.
Provenance: Several early shelf marks on endleaves and a bookseller’s
price £80.
Second Italian edition (Wrst 1632). Carli–Favoro 413; Cinti 168; Riccardi
I, i, col. 512.
The second edition in the original Italian of Galileo’s Dialogo published
in1632 and condemned by the Inquisition in 1634. In the following year a
Latin edition was published at Amsterdam (see above), but it was another 75
years before this second Italian edition appeared, surreptitiously printed at
Naples with a false Florence imprint and no publisher’s name. The dedication
to Carlo CaraVa Pacecco is signed by Lorenzo Ciccarelli. Galileo’s name

emained on the Index until 1835, although he was not oYcially rehabilitated
by the Catholic Church until 1992.
In addition to the Dialogo itself, this edition prints two other works, and
several short texts. These are Galileo, Lettera ... scritta alla granduchessa di
Toscana, Wrst printed in 1636 (pp. 1–35 of the last group of pages) and Paolo
Antonio Foscarini, Lettera... sopra l’opinione de’ Pittagorici, e del Copernico,
Wrst printed in 1615 (pp. 36–68); followed by ‘Perioche ex Introductione
in Martem Joannis Kepleri’ (pp. 69–74); ‘Excerptum ex Didaci à Stunica
Salmanticensis commentariis in Job, editiones Tolotanae, ap. Joannem
Rodricum, Anno 1584...’ (pp. 74–76); ‘Sententia Cardinalium In Galilaeum
et abjuratio eiusdem, excertpae ex J. B. Riccioli Almagesto Novo’ (pp.76–80);
and ‘Abjuratio Galilaei’ (pp. 80–81). In the letter to Christina, Grand Duchess
of Tuscany, composed in 1615, Galileo argued for the independence of science
from religion. Foscarini’s letter in defence of Copernicanism against charges
that it conXicted with scripture had been placed on the Index in 1616.
62
GASSENDI, Pierre (1592–1655)
Institutio astronomica juxta hypotheses tam veterum quàm
Copernici & Tychonis dicta Parisiis... Editio ultima paulò ante
mortem auctoris recognita, aucta et emendata.
Amsterdam: apud Janssonio-Waesbergios, 1680.
4to: )( 4 A–u4 , 84 leaves, pp. [8] 160. Title printed in red and black
with woodcut device, table of contents on verso with a blank leaf
pasted over. Woodcut diagrams in the text, those on pp. 3, 7, 102 and
116 full page.
184 x 150mm. Titlepage soiled, woodcut illustrations on pp. 7 and 102
cropped; several clean tears repaired without loss.
Binding: Nineteenth­century half morocco over marbled boards.
Rubbed.
Separate issue with variant titlepage of the Gassendi alone of an edition
published with other works. The Institutio was Wrst printed, on its own,
in 1647. From the second edition, London, 1653, it was printed with
other works: a ‘third’ edition appeared at Amsterdam in 1683.
Gassendi’s famous Institutio Astronomica is the text of his lectures at the
Collège Royale and was, with the ‘Life of Peiresc’, his most popular work. He
expounded the theories of Copernicus, and explained the condemnation of
Galileo by considerations relating to Galileo himself, presenting no objections
to Copernicus’ theories. It is a clear statement of the state of astronomical
science and remained a standard text­book for a long time, especially in
English universities.
This separate issue seems to be unrecorded and may have been something
of an afterthought on the part of the publisher. In most copies the titlepage
has the words ‘accedunt eiusdem varii tractatus astronomici’ after the author’s
name and the register and pagination continue, X–2R2, pp. 161–309, [7]. A
list of contents is printed on the verso of the titlepage, but in the present issue

this is obscured by having a piece of plain paper pasted over it. Presumably
the inner forme of the Wrst gathering was printed oV before the decision was
made to issue a few copies of the Gassendi alone. The titlepage was altered,
but it was by now too late to alter the table of contents on the verso, so the
solution was to cover it up. The text ends ‘Finis’ on p. 160.
63
GAuSS, Carl Friedrich (1777–1855)
Intensitas vis magneticae terrestris ad mensuram absolutam
revocata.
Göttingen: sumptibus Dieterichianis, 1833.
4to: A–E4 F2 , 22 leaves, pp. 44.
270 x 220mm, untrimmed.
Binding: Recent marbled boards.
First edition. Wheeler gift 867; Norman Library 881.
The Wrst report of Gauss’s important geomagnetic work presenting a logical
set of units of measurement for magnetic phenomena. This was the Wrst systematic
use of absolute units to measure non­mechanical qualities and the
unit of magnetic Xux density was later called the gauss in honour of this work.
Gauss worked on geomagnetism between 1831 and 1837 in collaboration with
Wilhelm Weber (1804–1891), Gauss leading the theoretical side and Weber
the experimental.
64
GLAuBER, Johann Rudolf (1604–1670)
Prosperitatis Germaniae. Pars prima [–Quinta pars; Appendix
quintae partis; Sexta et ultima pars] In qua de vini, frumenti, & ligni
concentratione, eorundemque utiliore, quam hactenus, usu agitur.
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1656–61.
8vo: Part I (1656), A–H 8 , 64 leaves, pp. [10] 118; Part II (1659), * 2
A–D 8 E 4 , 38 leaves, [4] 72, lacking * 2 , titlepage and preface,
supplied in photographic facsimile; Part III (1659), A–P 8
(blanks P7,8), 120 leaves, pp. 215 (i.e. 235) [5] (last 5 pages blank);
Part IV (1659), A–I 8 (blank I8), 72 leaves, pp. 142 [2] (last 2 pages
blank); Part V (1660), A–B 8 C 4 (–C4, presumed blank), 19 of 20
leaves, pp. 37 [1] (last page blank); Part V Appendix (1660), A–D 8 E 4 ,
36 leaves, pp. 71 [1] (last page blank); Part VI (1660), A–D 8 (blank
D8), 32 leaves, pp. 62 [2] (last 2 pages blank). In this copy Part V
Appendix is bound after Part VI.
Part III, 4 engraved plates (the Wrst folding, at pp. 6, 42, 45 and 156); part
IV, 1 engraved plate (at p. 72); part V, 1 small engraved plate (at p. 18).
150 x 95mm. Imprint of Part V, Appendix cropped; light waterstains.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Soiled.

First edition in Latin, issued simultaneously in German as
Dess Teutsch landts-Wohlfahrt (Amsterdam, Jansson, 1656–
1661). Duveen 256; Caillet 4587.
Glauber left Germany in 1655 and settled in Amsterdam where
he remained for the rest of his life. In this work he encouraged
his compatriots ‘to make better use of their natural resources
and to become economically self­suYcient.
‘He gave recipes for wine and beer concentrates that are both
stable and easily exported and he mentioned a secret press for
the eYcient extraction of niter from wood. He proceeded to
point out that niter can then be used in the extraction of metals,
particularly gold and silver, and that these precious metals, in
turn, could be directed into foreign trade. He dedicated a variety
of other items to the fatherland: new medicines, a fertilizer of
salt and lime, a seed preparation, and various techniques for
processing metals. Finally, since all this was futile without
adequate protection from the Turks, he disclosed a new
weapon: a missile containing “Wery water” (a fuming acid, or
perhaps essential oils to be ignited by nitric acid)...
‘Glauber’s interest in the transmutation of metals and in industrial chemistry
distinguished him from Paracelsus and other iatrochemists, who were more
narrowly concerned with the preparation of chemical medicines. In the most
general sense Glauber sought to perfect nature for the enhancement of human
life – to render useless things useful through the release of their hidden virtues.
Such changes were eVected in his laboratory primarily through the “ripening”
powers of salts.’ (Kathleen Ahonen, DSB 5: 421).
65
GLAuBER, Johann Rudolf (1604–1670)
[4 works in German bound together].
1. Explicatio oder Uber dass unlängst.
Arnheim: Bey Jacob von Wiesen, 1656.
8vo: A–G8 (blank G8), 56 leaves, pp. 110 [2, blank].
The running heads are ‘Erklärung ubers Miraculum Mundi’ and this and
the next work are also bound together in the NLM copies. Krivatsy
4797; Caillet 4582.
2. Miraculum Mundi, oder Auszfürliche Beschreiben der
wunderbaren Natur, Art, und EigenschaVt der groszmächtigen
subjecti, von den Alten Menstruum universale oder Mercurius
Philosophorum.
Amsterdam: [no publisher’s imprint to part 1; parts 2 and 3:] Bey Johann
Jansson, 1653, 1657, 1660.
3 parts 8vo: 1. A–G8 (blanks G7,8), 56 leaves, pp. [2] 105 [5, blank];
2. Miracula mundi continuatio: A–H8 , I4 (–I4, presumed blank), 67 of

68 leaves, pp. 133 [1, blank], and 3 folding engraved plates,
at pp. 3, 62 and 96; 3. Miracula mundi Ander Thiel: A–H8 I4 (blank I4), 68 leaves, pp. [20] 113 [1, errata] [2, blank].
Krivatsy 4795; Caillet 4575, 4580, 4579.
3. De elia artista, oder Wasz Elias astista für einer sey.
Amsterdam: bey Johan Waesberge, und der Witwe Elizae
Weyerstraet, 1668.
8vo: A–D8 E4 , 36 leaves, pp. 71 [1, blank].
Krivatsy 4776; Caillet 4572.
4. De purgatorio philosophorum, Oder Von dem
Fegfewer der Weysen dardurch die Philosophie ihre
Mineralische, Animalische und Vegetabilische.
Amsterdam, bey Johan Waesberge, und der Witwe Elizaei
Weyerstraet, 1668.
8vo: A–D8 E4 (–E4, presumed blank), 35 of 36 leaves, pp. 70.
Krivatsy 4779; Not in Caillet.
143 x 87mm. Item 2: imprint of pt 2 cropped; a few catchwords and
signatures of pt 3 cropped; item 4: tiny worm tracks in inner margins
of Wrst 2 gatherings touching a few letters. Good copies, but cut rather
close in rebinding.
Binding: Nineteenth century pastepaper boards. Spine worn.
Provenance: Contemporary annotations and diagrams in the margins,
cropped. Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.
First editions.
66
GLAuBER, Johann Rudolf (1604–1670)
[9 works in Latin bound together].
Amsterdam, 1655–1664.
1. Novum lumen chymicum.
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium à Waesberge, & Elisaeum
Weyerstraet, 1664.
8vo: A–C8 (blank C8), 24 leaves, pp. 45 [3, blank].
Krivatsy 4799.
2. Tractatus de natura salium.
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1659.
8vo: A–G8 , 56 leaves, pp. [16] 96.
Krivatsy 4811.
3. Tractatus de signatura salium, metallorum, et planetarum.
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1659.

8vo: A–C 8 (–C7,8, presumed blank), 22 of 24 leaves, pp. 44.
Krivatsy 4812; cf. Caillet 4591 dated 1658.
4. Explicatio verborum salomonis: in herbis, verbis & Lapidibus
magna est virtus.
Amsterdam: prostant apud Joannem Janssonium, 1664.
8vo: A–E8 F4 , 44 leaves, pp. 88.
Krivatsy 4783.
5. Vera ac perfecta descriptio, qua ratione ex vini fecibus bonum
plurimumque tartarum sit extrahendum.
Amsterdam: prostant apud Joannem Janssonium, 1655.
8vo: A–B8 (blanks B7,8), 16 leaves, pp. 28 [4, blank].
Krivatsy 4790.
6. Tractatus de medicina universalis, sive auro potabili vero.
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1658.
8vo: A–E8 (blank E8), 40 leaves, pp. 75 [2] [3, blank].
Krivatsy 4809.
7. De auri tinctura, sive auro potablili vero.
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1651.
8vo: Aa8 Bb4 (blank Bb4), 12 leaves, pp. 22 [2, blank].
Krivatsy 4774, also issued with Furni novi philosophici, 1651.
8. Consolatio navigantium.
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1657.
8vo: A–F8 , 48 leaves, pp. 96.
Caillet 4568.
9. Libellus dialogorum, sive colloquia, nonnullorum hermeticae
medicinae, ac tincturae universalis studiosorum.
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1663.
8vo: A–F8 (blanks F7,8, 48 leaves, pp. 91 [5 blank]. 1 folding engraved
plate.
Krivatsy 4792.
151 x 95mm. Good clean copies.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Spine soiled.
First Latin editions of works also published in German.
The second work in the volume, Tractatus de natura salium is one of Glauber’s
most important works, describing his earlier discovery of sodium sulfate,
‘Glauber’s Salt’. It was Wrst published in German by Jansson in the previous
year. Only after the publication of this and the second part of Miraculum mundi
(1660) ‘did Glauber recognize the signiWcance of his “Sal mirabile” (Glauber’s
salt) and begin to utilize it, not very successfully, in the position that niter
formerly held... he considered it to be common salt brought to its highest

degree of purity, and he argued plausibly that common salt is everywhere
present in nature. Glauber drew on the analogy of microcosm and macrocosm
and Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of the blood to demonstrate the
circulation of salt in the macrocosm.’ (Kathleen Ahonen, DSB 5:422a.)
An attractive collection of some of Glauber’s huge output of shorter works
(Partington lists 56 of his works in all) in Latin. These Latin translations
were published by Jansson, more or less simultaneously with his German
editions. They are often found in contemporarily bound volumes, probably
put together by the publisher or other booksellers.
67
GLISSON, Francis (1597–1677), George BATE (1608–1669) and
Assuerus REGIMORTER (1614–1650)
A treatise of the rickets: being a diseas common to children. Wherin
(among many other things) is shewed, 1. The essence 2. The causes
3. The signs 4. The remedies, [brace] of the disease. Published in Latin
by [brace] Francis Glisson, George Bate, and Ahasuerus Regemorter;
[end of bracketed section] doctors of physick, and fellows of the
Colledg of Physitians of London. Translated into English by Phil.
Armin.
London: printed by Peter Cole at the sign of the Printing-Press, in Cornhil,
near the Royal Exchange, 1651.
8vo: A4 C–2B8 , 188 leaves, pp. [8] 373 (i.e. 363, 280–289 omitted)
[5]. Title within a rule border, Xeuron headpieces, woodcut initials;
woodcut diagrams and illustrations. Publisher’s advertisements on
A2v–A3.
137 x 87mm. Woodcut on p. 320 cropped without any material loss to
the image.
Binding: Recent calf, free endleaves from original binding retained.
Provenance: 10 word early annotation on p. 345.
First edition in English, a translation of De Rachitide (1650). The Thomason
copy is annotated ‘March 7’. Another issue, purporting to have
been enlarged and corrected by Nicholas Culpeper, but in fact a reissue
of the same sheets, appeared in 1668, some copies bearing that
date, some dated 1651. Wing G860 and ESTC R210557; Wellcome III,
p. 126.
‘Although anticipated by Whistler and others in the description of infantile
rickets, Glisson’s account was the fullest that had till then appeared. He was
Wrst (Chap. 22) to describe infantile scurvy. Glisson’s book on rickets was
one of the earliest instances of collaborative medical research in England,
combining the observations of Glisson and seven other contributors. G. Bate
and A. Regemorter are credited as co­authors.’ (Garrison–Morton 3729.)
This publication forms an important episode in the battle between the
College of Physicians and the bookseller Peter Cole, showing that the College
was not trying to stop medical books authorised by the college from being
published in English, as is usually stated, only to control their publication.

The College of Physicians had registered both Latin and English editions of
De rachitide on 14 June 1650; in February the next year Peter Cole registered
an English version, at the same time entering Culpeper’s Directory for Midwives
and The English Physitian as well as English translations of Fernel’s works and a
treatise on fevers by ‘Phil Armin.’, the pretended translator of the Glisson. The
College’s favoured publisher, Philip Dugard complained to the Council of
State on 5 March. The outcome is unclear, though Cole was ordered before the
committee of Examinations on 16 April 1651. (Jonathan Sanderson, Nicholas
Culpeper and the Book Trade, PhD thesis, Leeds, 1999, pp. 88–89).
68
GLISSON, Francis (1597–1677)
Tractatus de natura substantiae energetica, seu de vita naturae,
eiusque tribus primis facultatibus, I. Perceptiva, II. Appetitiva, & III.
Motiva, [brace] naturalibus, &c.
London: typis E. Flesher. Prostat venalis apud H. Brome sub signo
Bombardae in Coemeterio Paulino, & N. Hooke ad insignia Regia in vico
Little Britain, 1672.
4to: A4 (+/– A1) a–f4 (–f4 presumed blank) B–3Y4 , 295 of 296 leaves,
pp. [54] 534 [2] (errata on last leaf, verso blank). A1, engraved portrait
signed ‘W. Faithorne del. et fecit’ showing Glisson aged 75, printed
on thicker paper and possibly supplied from another copy or another
work.
2 engraved plates of diagrams (bound at the end).
198 x 150mm. Some browning, worm tracks in blank corners in sigs
3G–3L.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards.
Provenance: Shelf mark XVIII.6 on pastedown; old oval library stamp
on a2 (illegible).
First edition. Advertised in the Michaelmas Term Catalogue (October–
December) at 8s, bound (TC I, p. 120.) Wing G858; ESTC R37387;
Wellcome III, p. 126; Krivatsy 4827; Waller 10809.
‘Glisson maintained that the Wrst draft of the Tractatus de ventriculo et intestinis
was written around 1662 but was set aside in favor of the Tractatus de natura
substantiae energetica (1672), dedicated to Anthony Ashley Cooper, Lord
Shaftesbury, whose family Glisson had long served as physician. The work
attempts to prove there is life in all bodies. In so­called inanimate bodies it
is speciWed by their forms, whereas in plants and animals life is modiWed to
become the vegetative soul and the sensitive soul, respectively. In animals the
implanted life (vita insita) is duplicated and triplicated by the inXux of blood
(vita inXuens) and by the psychic regulations.’ (Owsei Temkin, 5:426b.)
The engraved portrait in this copy is the engraving by Faithorne after
his painting now at the Royal College of Physicians (Chaplin, Descripitive
catalogue of the Portraits... in the Royal College of Physicians, 1926, p. 20). The
engraving must surely have been made for this book (and catalogued as such
by Renate Burgess, Portraits of Doctors & Scientists in the Wellcome Institute

of the History of Medicine (1973), 1139.1). However ESTC calls for the copy
signed ‘W. Dolle delin et sculp’ (Burgess 1139.2) so some copies may have
been issued with that engraving. When Flesher published Glisson’s Tractatus
de ventriculo et intestinis 5 years later, he re­used the Faithorne engraving, now
with Glisson’s age altered and purporting to show him not aged 75, but aged
80. This state is present in the following copy of the same work.
69
GLISSON, Francis (1597–1677)
Tractatus de natura substantiae energetica, seu de vita naturae,
eiusque tribus primis facultatibus, I. Perceptiva, II. Appetitiva, & III.
Motiva, [brace] naturalibus, &c.
London: typis E. Flesher. Prostat venalis apud H. Brome sub signo
Bombardae in Coemeterio Paulino, & N. Hooke ad insignia Regia in vico
Little Britain, 1672.
4to: A4 (+/–A1) a–f4 (–f4 presumed blank) B–3Y4 , 295 of 296 leaves,
pp. [54] 534 [2] (errata on last leaf, verso blank). portrait showing
the author aged 75 replaced by a later state (from another
work?) showing him aged 80.
2 engraved plates of diagrams (bound after the prelims).
202 x 145mm. Portrait cut close to the image and mounted.
Wormholes in the inner upper margins, just touching the text on a few
leaves, waterstains at the beginning and end.
Binding: Eighteenth­century sheep, perhaps French, gilt spine. Neatly
rebacked with the original spine preserved. Corners worn.
Provenance: Signature ‘Lacoque MD 1763 [or 5]’ on free endleaf.
First edition. Advertised in the Michaelmas Term Catalogue (October–
December) at 8s, bound (TC I, p. 120.) Wing G858; ESTC R37387;
Wellcome III, p. 126; Krivatsy 4827; Waller 10809.
70
GLISSON, Francis (1597–1677)
Tractatus de ventriculo et intestinis, cui praemittitur alius, de
partibus continentibus in genere & in specie de iis abdominis.
London: Typis E. F. prostant venalis apud Henricum Brome sub signe
Bombardae in Coemeterio Paulino, 1677.
4to: A 4 a–c 4 B–3T 4 , 272 leaves, pp. [32] 509 [3]. Title printed in red
and black. Errata on c4v, publisher’s advertisements on last 3 pages.
4 engraved plates: frontispiece portrait signed ‘W. Faithorne del et
fecit’, state with Glisson’s age given as 75, and Tab. 1–3 (bound in the
text).
199 x 153mm. Titlepage soiled, some light foxing; plates waterstained,
slightly smaller than text leaves and apparently supplied from another

copy; the portrait appears to be original to this copy, though more
usually this work has a later state of the portrait with Glisson’s age
altered to 80.
Binding: Contemporary sprinkled calf, marbled edges. Old rebacking,
now worn and headcap chipped, sides and corners worn, back broken,
new endleaves.
Provenance: Inscription ‘Liber T. Harbech’ on titlepage, probably
Thomas Harbech (X. 1669, see below); inscription on verso of title
recording the gift of Dr William Standfast to the Library in the Charity
School Chamber in Nottingham; Walter Pagel’s signature, undated.
First edition. Advertised in the Michaelmas Term Catalogue (October–
December) at 10s bound (TC I, 257). Wing G859; ESTC R9112;
Garrison–Morton 579; Wellcome III, p. 126; Krivatsy 4828.
A work on the digestive organs in which ‘Glisson introduced the idea of
irritability as a speciWc property of all human tissue, a hypothesis which had
no eVect upon contemporary physiology, but which was later demonstrated
experimentally by Haller’ (Garrison–Morton).
‘The doctrine of irritability does not exhaust the content of the Tractatus de
ventriculo et intestinis, which, apart from the treatise indicated by the title, also
contains a treatise on skin, hair, nails, fat, abdominal muscles, peritoneum,
and omentum. Together the Anatomia hepatis and the Tractatus de ventriculo et
intestinis constitute a monumental work on general anatomy and on anatomy
and physiology of the digestive organs. Moreover, in the latter treatise, Glisson
goes far beyond the stomach and intestinal tract. Apart from discussing the
theory of digestion (there is even an appendix on fermentation), Glisson
manages to include theories of embryogenesis (in which the relationship to
Harvey is particularly interesting).’ (Owsei Temkin, DSB 5:427a.)
The Wrst owner of this copy is surely Dr Thomas Harbech, who defended
a dissertation on rheumatism at Leiden under Francis de la Boe Sylviuys in
1669. Thomas Guidot mentions him in A century of observations: containing
further discoveries of the nature of the hot waters at Bathe (1676, and like the
present work published by Henry Brome) along with Drs Thomas Witherley
and Nathaniel Highmore (B4r). He was a witness, with Francis Hall, to the
will of Simon Lawrence (1688). He perhaps practiced outside London as he
was not a member of the College of Physicians.
The plates in this copy appear to have been supplied from another copy:
they are slightly smaller than the text leaves and the patterns of staining do
not match the adjoining text. On the other hand the portrait appears to be
undisturbed and is the Wrst state of the plate with Glisson’s age given as 75.
Faithorne’s engraved portrait of Glisson, after his own painting now at the
Royal College of Physicians, (Chaplin, Descripitive catalogue of the Portraits...
in the Royal College of Physicians, 1926, p. 20; Wellcome, Portraits, 1973, 1139
is less certain of the attribution), was Wrst used as the frontispiece to Glisson’s
Tractatus de Natura Substantiae Energetica (1672, see nos 69 and 70 above)
with his age given as 75. Most copies of the second edition of that work and
the present work, both published 5 years later in 1677, have the second state
of the plate with Glisson’s age altered to 80.

71
GRAAF, Reinier de (1641–1673)
Opera omnia.
Leiden: sumpt. Io. Ant. Huguetan & Soc, 1678.
8vo: 12
* A–2A8 2B4 (blank 2B4), 208 leaves, pp. [24] 290 [2] (last 2
pages blank). Engraved title on * 1r, engraved portrait on * 12v, both
signed ‘P. Pinchard. f.’, and 18 engraved illustrations printed in the text.
25 inserted engraved plates, mostly folding.
There are a total of 41 engraved illustrations, numbered I–IX;
I–XXVII; I–III; and two unnumbered; 25 of these are on inserted
leaves, 17 integral with the text.
185 x 115mm. Worm tracks in the inner margins of the prelims; several
plates with old repairs in the folds; some soiling and waterstaining.
Binding: Contemporary calf, red and brown sprinkled edges. Old
reback; rubbed.
Provenance: Old inscription crossed through on titlepage; early
inscription on free endleaf, ‘Ex libris Medicinae Doc[tor]is Johannes
B[?]’; Walter Pagel’s signature dated 1955 on free endleaf.
Second collected edition (Wrst, Ex OYcina Hackiana, Amsterdam, 1677).
Another collected edition appeared in 1705. Wellcome III, p. 142;
Krivatsy 4906.
De Graaf’s works include his pioneer treatise on pancreatic secretions, De
succi pancreatici (1664, Garrison–Morton 974) and the works for which he
is best known, on the male and female genito­urinary systems, De virorum
organis (1668, Garrison–Morton 1210) and De mulierum organis (1672,
Garrison–Morton 1209). The last includes the classic description of the
GraaWan follicle.
72
GRIMALDI, Francesco Maria (1613–1663)
Physico­mathesis de lumine, coloribus, et iride, aliisque sequenti
pagina indicatis.
Bologna: ex typographia Haeredis Victorii Benatii, 1665.
4to: a 4 (+/–a1) b 6 A–3Z 4 , 286 leaves, pp. [20] 535 [17]. Title printed in
red and black and with a large engraving of the arms of the dedicatee,
woodcut illustrations in the text. without the second titleleaf
detailing the contents found in most, but not all copies.
248 x 175mm. Minor repairs to blank areas of titlepage where an
inscription has been erased. InsigniWcant wormholes at foot of Wrst few
leaves. Some light browning to a few leaves.
Binding: Contemporary blind ruled calf. Well rebacked. Corners bumped.
Provenance: Early inscription erased from titlepage; owner’s stamp of
Prof. Dr Pedro N. Arata, Buenos Aires on title and b1.

First edition. Riccardi I, i, col. 630; Albert, Norton and Huertes 919;
Sommervogel III, col. 1833; Becker Collection 162.3.
One of the classics of optics, reporting Grimaldi’s discovery of the diVraction
of light and in which he makes the Wrst scientiWc attempt to establish the wave
theory of light. Robert Hooke performed his Wrst diVraction experiments in
1672 after reading an account of Grimaldi’s book in the Philosophical transactions.
Newton Wrst learnt of diVraction from the work of Honoré Fabri,
but he acknowledged and discussed Grimaldi’s work in Book III part 1 of the
Opticks.
Grimaldi was professor of mathematics at the Jesuit college in Bologna.
This is his only work, edited by the Bolognese bookseller Girolamo Bernia.
Grimaldi built astronomical instruments for Riccioli and drew at least one of
the plates for his Almagestum novum (1651).
Most copies have two titlepages, one with a short title and the dedicatee’s
arms and with the statement ‘aliisque sequenti pagina indicatis’, the other with
the fuller title ‘aliisque adnexis libri duo, in quorum primo asseruntur nova
experimenta... in secunda autem dissolvuntur argumenta in prima adducta’.
Only the former is present in this copy. It seems that the long title was printed
on a1 and the short title, perhaps printed later, on a bifolium with a conjugate
blank. Here the short title simply replaces the long title, as was the case in
William Jones’ copy in the MacclesWeld Library.
73
GRuITHuISEN, Franz von Paula (1774–1852)
Analekten für erd­und himmelskunde. Herausgegeben vom Fr. v.
P. Gruithuisen [prelims only, with:] Fünftes – Siebentes Heft [and:]
Neue Analekten für erd­und himmelskunde... Ersten Bandes erstes
Heft. (Alter Reihe achtes Heft).
Munich: In der Joh. Palm’schen Buchhandlung, [last part:] In der E. A.
Fleischmann’schen Buchhandlung, 1830–1832.
8vo: Prelims to volume I: lithographed portrait and pp. 4; Fünftes Heft:
pp. [4] 88; Sechstes Heft: pp. [4] 96; Siebentes Heft: pp. [4] 108; Neue
Analekten... Ersten Bandes Erstes Heft: pp. [4] 72. The prelims to part 1
bound after the prelims to part 6.
195 x 115mm.
Binding: Contemporary marbled boards. Spine ends and corners worn.
First edition. OCLC: 46910961.
Prelims to volume I and parts 5–8 only of 15 of this short lived and very rare
astronomical journal edited by Baron von Gruithuisen.
Gruithuisen had studied and taught medicine before turning to astronomy.
He is known for his contributions to urology and methods for the removal
of bladder stones. His observations on the moon, which he believed was
inhabited, were published in 1824.
The titlepage to volume I, dated 1830, with a portrait and introduction is
here bound with part 6 with which it was presumably issued. The complete

volume I consisted of parts 1–7; Neue Analekten vol. I (1832–1834), parts 8–13;
and Neue Analekten vol. I (1832–1834) parts 14–15 (see Hessische Bibliothekssystem,
HeBis). According to the BN record publication began in 1828.
74
GuIBERT, Nicolas (c. 1547–c. 1620)
De interitu alchymiae metallorum transmutatoriae tractatus...
adiuncta est eiusdem Apologia in sophistam Libavium, alchymiae
refutatae furentem calumniatorem, quae loco praefationis in eiusdem
tractatus esse possit.
Toul: apud Sebastianum Philippe, typographum Iuratum, 1614.
8vo: † 8 A–E8 F4 ; 2A–I8 (blanks 2C8, I8), 124 leaves, pp. [16] 88; 141 [3]
(including the blank leaves). Woodcut device on title, woodcut initials.
158 x 92mm. Light waterstaining and browning.
Binding: Nineteenth century half vellum.
Provenance: undeciphered signature on title dated 1739, 40 word
annotation on p. 38 (second sequence) in an eighteenth­century hand,
some marginal marking and underlining.
First edition. Wellcome 2981; Neville I, p. 558.
Originally a respected alchemist, Guibert became a vehement critic of the
profession. His Wrst published attack on alchemy was his Alchymia ratione et
experientia ita demum viriliter impugnata et expugnata (1603). This provoked a
response from Libavius, his Defensio alchymiae (1604) to which the present work
is Guibert’s justiWcation of his own position. This exchange was important in
the continuing debate over the occult sciences and the emergence of modern
science. Guibert’s works served to reinforce signiWcant, but not widely held
ideas, most importantly his demonstration that metals were distinct species
and not transmutable. This work begins with his ‘Apologia’, the refutation of
Libavius, followed by ‘Alchymia metallorum transmutatoria’.
Guibert was a native of Lorraine, studied medicine at Perugia and was
appointed alchemist to the Duke of Augsburg in 1579. At some time he
returned to Lorraine and died at Vaucouleurs, close to Toul where this book
was printed. Only about 20 books had been printed at Toul by this time.
Thorndike, VI, pp. 245–7; Martin Fichman, DSB 5: 579–80.
75
GuIDI, Guido, or VIDIuS, Vidus, (c. 1500–1569)
De anatome corporis humani libri VII. Nunc primum in lucem
editi. Atque LXXVIII. Tabulis in aes incisis illustrati et exornati.
Venice: apud Iuntas, 1611.
Folio: engraved titleleaf and a 6 A–2D 6 2E 4 , 173 leaves, pp. [12] 342 (i.e.
332, 325–334 omitted). Woodcut headpieces and initials, 78 full page engravings
printed in the text. The engraved title is signed ‘Franco. Vallegio
et Catarin Doino. sculpsit’, the anatomical engravings are unsigned.

327 x 222mm. Titlepage dustsoiled and wormholes and small marginal
tears repaired; round wormholes in the margins at the beginning of the
book, not aVecting text or plates, some minor staining and soiling here and
there, overall a good fresh copy with bright impressions of the engravings.
Binding: Recent vellum boards.
Provenance: undeciphered circular owner’s stamp in margin of titlepage.
First edition, issued as part of Vol. III of Guidi’s Ars medicinalis (3
vols, 1611) and probably also separately. Krivatsy 5118; Waller 3816;
Norman Library 955; cf. Wellcome 6601 (Ars medicinalis, 3 vols, 1611).
In the history of anatomical illustration, Guidi, a descendant of Ghirlandaio,
is celebrated for the superb large woodcuts in his Chirurgia (1544). Sadly his
anatomy was never published in his lifetime, or it might have been graced with
woodcuts to challenge Vesalius. As Wrst published here, it was edited by his
relative and namesake known as Guido Guidi the younger (his dates are not
known). Roberts and Tomlinson speculate that while
some of the illustrations probably originate with Guidi
the elder, others were probably supplied by Guidi the
younger, plagiarised from the usual sources. The text
mentions Vesalius, Valverde and Colombo, so must
have been written after 1543 and before Guidi’s death
in 1569 and ‘is the work of a scientist fully conscious
of the Vesalian revolution and seeking his inspiration
from nature’ (M. D. Grmek, DSB 5: 580).
Commentators vary in their response to the
illustrations. Choulant remarks that ‘the plates are
mostly new and original. They remind one more of
Eust achius than of Vesalius’, while Grmek Wnds them
‘hideous’. This is certainly unfair. Although many of
the Wgures are familiar, many are not (especially the
internal organs), and the arrangement of Wgures on the
plates is original and the engraving is of high quality.
There is no debate about the quality of the engraved
titlepage signed by Francesco Valesio (1560–1648?)
as the artist and Caterino Doino, with whom Valesio
frequently collaborated, as the engraver. Valesio was
the engraver of the titlepage to Casserius, Tabulae
anatomicae (1627) – with which this titlepage shows
some similarity – and he is usually credited with
engraving the Casserius anatomical illustrations (see
Spighel, De humani corporis fabrica below). Although
the plates here in Guidi’s book are unsigned, Cazort,
does not demur in assigning them all to Doino after
Valesio.
The lavish titlepage surely suggests that De anatome
was intended to be issued separately, as well as forming
part of volume III of Ars medicinalis (not the whole
of volume III as is often stated), the posthumous
edition of Guidi the elder’s work, collected, edited

and augmented by Guidi the younger. Most copies however seem to be in
later bindings, or accompanied by other parts of Ars medicinalis vol. III so
may have been extracted from copies of the collected works.
Choulant–Frank pp. 211–212; K. B. Roberts and J. D. W. Tomlinson, The Fabric of
the Body (1992) pp. 234–243. Mimi Cazort, Monique Kornell and K. B. Roberts,
The ingenious machine of nature (1996) pp. 167–8; for a discussion of the engraved
titlepage see Robert Herlinger, History of medical illustration (1970), p. 168.
76
HAHN, Otto (1879–1968) and Fritz STRASSMAN
Einiges über die experimentelle Entwirrung der bei der Spaltung
des urans auftretenden Elemente und Atomarten... Aus den
Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Jargang
1942. Math.­naturw. Klasse. Nr. 3.
Berlin: verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften. In Kommission bei Walter
de Gruyter u. Co. (gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei), 1942.
4to: pp. 30, 19 graphs printed in the text.
296 x 210mm.
Binding: Original orange printed wrappers. Small chip in lower
wrapper.
First separate edition.
The second of Hahn and Strassman’s three fundamental papers on nuclear
Wssion.
For the Wrst paper in the series, ‘Über das Zerplatzen des urankernes durch
langsame Neutronen’ (1939) see Dibner, Heralds of Science 168; and Norman
Library 963.
77
HAHN, Otto (1879–1968) and Fritz STRASSMAN
Die chemische Abscheidung der bei der Spaltung des Urans
entstehenden Elemente und Atomarten... Aus den Abhandlungen
der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Jargang 1944. Math.naturw.
Klasse. Nr. 12.
Berlin: verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften. In Kommission bei Walter
de Gruyter u. Co. (gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei), 1944.
4to: pp. 14, 1 text illustration.
296 x 212mm.
Binding: Original orange printed wrappers.
First separate edition.
The third of Hahn and Strassman’s three fundamental papers on nuclear
Wssion.

78
HARTLIB, Samuel (d. 1662)
Cornu copia. A miscellanium of lucriferous and most fructiferous
experiments, observations, and discoveries, immethodically distributed;
to be really demonstrated and communicated in all sincerity.
[London], 1652?
4to: A–B4 , 8 leaves, pp. 16, drop head title on A1 under a border of
Xeurons, woodcut initial.
[bound with:]
The heads of severall ingenuityes and discoveryes since my last
printed papers.
[London], 1652?
4to: A4 , 4 leaves, pp. 8, drop head title on A1 under a border of
Xeurons, woodcut initial.
180 x 135mm. Small hole in Wrst leaf of Wrst work with loss of a few
letters on the verso, Wrst and last leaves in the volume heavily soiled,
light foxing and waterstains.
Binding: Early twentieth­century half calf over marbled boards. Spine
worn and chipped at the head.
Provenance: Owner’s stamp ‘Alexander [undeciphered] 1883’ on
Wrst leaf and Hartlib identiWed as the author in an early hand;
contemporary corrections to the text; C. E. Kenny with Kenny
Collection booklabel (sale at Sotheby’s, 24 October 1966, lot 2444).
First editions. 1. Wing H 982; ESTC R9875; Turnbull 38; 2. not in Wing,
ESTC R236673, Folger only; not in Turnbull.
Both publications comprise brief descriptions of wonderful inventions,
but concealing how they might work. The Cornu copia begins with purely
Wnancial schemes, but most of the items are agricultural. Hartlib promises
to demonstrate his inventions ‘by way of exchange, or otherwise, to any
that shall be desirous thereof’ (p. 11). A Wnal section, headed ‘Generall
Accommodations’, speciWes services to be obtained and redress for loss or
theft. Hartlib promises that ‘Whosoever shall be so instrumental to their own
happiness and future content... may... have such excellent designes illustrated
unto them’ (p. 15). Turnbull notes that this part Hartlib lifted from Adolphus
Speed, Generall Accomodations by Address (1650, Turnbull pp. 79 and 99).
The items in the second pamphlet, Heads of Severall Ingenuityes and
Discoveries are promised improvements to agriculture, as well as the kind of
material found in books of secrets, such as making artiWcial pearls and secret
writing.
G. H. Turnbull, Hartlib, Dury and Comenius: gleanings from Hartlib’s papers
(1947).

79
HARTLIB, Samuel (d. 1662)
Chymical, medicinal and chyrurgical addresses made to Samuel
Hartlib.
London: printed by G. Dawson for Giles Calvert at the Black-spread Eagle
at the West End of Pauls, 1655.
8vo: A4 B– L8 8
* † 4 , 96 leaves, pp. [8] 181 (i.e. 159, 78–79, 115–132
and 174–175 omitted) [25]. Divisional title ‘A short and easie method
of surgery... newly translated out of Dutch, 1654’ on K2.
129 x 80mm. Titlepage heavily soiled and with the corner restored
with loss of 2 letters; a few page numbers, signatures and catchwords
shaved or cropped; Wrst line of divisional title shaved; some minor
worming in the blank margins; brown stain in lower outer margin at
the beginning of the book. After the titlepage a good fresh copy.
Binding: Eighteenth­century mottled sheep, unlettered spine with gilt
bands. Joints cracked.
Provenance: Nineteenth­century armorial bookplate of Geroge F.
Cartwright.
First edition. Turnbull 50; Wing C3779; ESTC R209495; Fulton, Boyle [1].
This very rare book includes Robert Boyle’s Wrst published work, ‘An invitation
to a free and generous communication of secrets and receits in Physick’ (pp.
113–150), headed ‘Philaretus to Empyricus’ and signed ‘Philaretus’.
In the years leading up to the foundation of the Royal Society in 1660,
Hartlib’s initiative in promoting the exchange of scientiWc information was
inXuential, and was eagerly followed by Boyle. ‘His essay was composed very
much in the spirit of Hartlib’s demand for the completely free distribution
of intelligence on all matters. Boyle argued on both practical and theological
grounds for the free communication of newly discovered chemical remedies.
He asserted that by preserving cryptic language and oaths of secrecy, the
chemists could never be certain of the quality of their discoveries or ensure
the survival of their work in future generations.’ (Charles Webster, The Great
Instauration, 1975, p. 304).
In another contribution to the volume, ‘A Caveat for Alchymists’ (pp.
49–99), Gabriel Platts outlined a scheme for a state laboratory. After Platts’
death Frederick Clodius established a laboratory in Hartlib’s kitchen and a
neighbouring blacksmith’s shop. Plans were also drawn up for a ‘universal
laboratory’, and Hartlib wrote to Boyle on 8 May 1654 asking for his support.
(Webster p. 303). Platts’ essay is prefaced by an address to the reader dated
Westminster, 10 March 1643.
The full list of papers is given on the titlepage as follows:
1. Whether the Vrim & Thummim were given in the Mount, or perfected
by Art.
2. Sir George Ripley’s Epistle, to King Edward unfolded.
3. Gabriel Plats Caveat for Alchymists.
4. A Conference concerning the Phylosophers Stone.

5. An Invitation to a free and generous communication of secrets and
receits in Physick.
6. Whether or no, each several Disease hath a Particular Remedy?
7. A new and easie Method of Chirurgery, for the curing of all fresh
Wounds or other Hurts.
8. A Discourse about the Essence or Existence of Mettals.
9. The New Positions, pretended Prophetical Prognostications, Of what
shall happen to Physicians, Chyrurgeons, Apothecaries, Alchymists, and
Miners.
80
HARVEY, William (1578–1657)
De motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus anatomica
exercitatio. Cui postrema hac editione accesserunt Cl. V. Johannis
Walaei... Epistolae Duae, quibus Harveii doctrina roboratur.
Padua: apud Sebastianum Sardum... sumptibus Dominici Ricciardi, 1643.
12mo: ✠6 A–I12 K6 , 120 leaves, pp. [12] 227 [1] (last page blank).
Woodcut device on title.
2 folding engraved plates (bound after p. 102).
165 x 75mm, untrimmed. Lower margin of title defective with loss
of last line of imprint, restored and missing words supplied in pen
facsimile; lower margin of E2 defective, with signature and catchword
supplied; 40 x 20mm piece torn from bottom of Wrst plate, and 25 x 20
piece torn from within the second plate, both restored and the missing
parts of the engravings supplied in pen and ink; both plates torn in the
fold and restored with some pen and ink work. The restorations are
expertly done, the patches on the plates almost unnoticeable; a clean
and fresh copy, probably washed.
Binding: Recent vellum boards.
Fourth edition (Wrst 1628). Keynes 4; Krivatsy 5330;
De motu cordis, Wrst printed at Frankfurt in 1628, the book in
which Harvey announced his discovery of the circulation of
the blood, is generally considered to be the most important
book in the history of medicine.
The importance of De motu cordis is that it convincingly
showed how observation and experiment could be used to
establish the truth about the workings of the human body.
To arrive at his conclusion that the blood circulates round
the body, rather than being continually regenerated and used
up, Harvey had to convince his contemporaries to put more
faith in experimental science than in the authority of Galen as
the ultimate source of scientiWc knowledge. It was the great
achievement of Vesalius to reveal, by detached observation, the
‘fabric of the human body’ (De humani corporis fabrica, 1545).
This new knowledge of anatomy forced a re­examination of
the workings of various organs. Harvey’s achievement was to

demonstrate, in the case of the most fundamental of all bodily functions, that
physiology must be based on hypothesis, experiment, and logical reasoning.
Nothing less than the invention of modern medical science.
This is the third complete edition of De motu cordis, with the two letters
of Johannes Walaeus (1604–1649) in support of Harvey printed for the Wrst
time. A remarkable survival, this is an untrimmed copy which presumably
remained in a temporary binding – or in sheets – until recently.
For the Wrst edition see Garrison–Morton 759; Dibner, Heralds of Science 123;
Horblit, One Hundred Books Famous in Science 46; Printing and the Mind of Man
127; Sparrow, Milestones of Science 93.
81
HARVEY, William (1578–1657)
Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis cum
prefatione Zachariae Sylvii... Accessit Dissertatio de Corde Doct.
Jacobi de Back.
Rotterdam: ex OYcinâ Arnoldi Leers, 1648.
12mo: 12 8
* ** A–I12 ; c2 (–c1) 2A–I12 2K8 (blanks 2K6,7,8), 245 of 246
leaves, pp. [40] 215 [1]; [2] 219 [13] (last 5 pages blank) lacking c1,
the errata leaf to Harvey’s work, supplied as a photographic print.
Engraved title printed on * 1, letterpress title on * 2.
[bound as issued with:]
Exercitationes duae de circulatione sanguinis
Rotterdam: Ex oYcinâ Arnoldi Leers, 1649
12mo: A–F12 , 72 leaves, pp. [2] 140 [2], errata on last leaf, verso blank.
117 x 68mm. Engraved title of Wrst work soiled and slightly frayed
in the margins; small strip cut from top of printed title to remove a
signature; the engraved illustrations oVset onto one another. Overall
lightly soiled and some minor foxing.
Binding: Two works bound together in vellum backed pasteboard.
Recased; worn and soiled.
Provenance: Early inscription clipped from titlepage; Latin inscription
of Charles Townsend dated 1821 on free endleaf; dates between 1840
and 1857 entered in the margins of several pages in another hand.
Seventh editon (including incomplete editions and editions printed
in other works) of De motu cordis (Wrst 1628); second edition of De
circulatione sanguinis (Wrst 1649). Keynes 7, 32; Krivatsy 5332, 5340;
Waller 4091, 4116; Norman Library 1007 and 1010.
This volume contains the third separate edition of De motu cordis and the
second edition of Harvey’s Wrst reply to criticism of his work, De circulatione
sanguinis, Wrst printed earlier in the same year at Cambridge. This edition of De
motu cordis is important for being the Wrst corrected text, revised by Zacharias
Sylvius (1608?–1664) and Jacobus de Back (1593–1658). It includes a preface
by Sylvius and de Back’s Dissertatio de corde which is as long as De motu cordis

itself. These two Rotterdam editions, often bound together as here, are also
important for serving as the basis for the English editions of Harvey’s works:
the Latin edition of 1660, the Wrst English edition of 1653 and its reprints of
1673 and 1928, all contain the texts in the two works in this volume.
This copy lacks the errata leaf to De motu cordis. This was printed as the Wrst
leaf of a bifolium inserted between Harvey’s work and de Back, Dissertatio de
corde (designated c2 in the collational formula), the Wrst leaf being the errata
to De motu cordis, which is missing, its conjugate pair being the sectional
titlepage to De Back’s work, which is present.
M. J. van Lieburg, ‘Zacharias Sylvius (1608–1664), Author of the Prefatio to
the Rotterdam Edition (1648) of Harvey’s De Motu Cordis’, Janus 65 (1978)
241–257.
82
HARVEY, William (1578–1657)
Exercitationes anatomicae, de motu cordis & sanginis
circulatione. Cum duplici indice, capitum et rerum. Quibus
accesserunt Jo. Walaei, de motu chyli & sanguinis, epistolae duae.
Itemque dissertatio de corde Doct. Jac. de Back.
London: ex oYcina R. Danielis, 1660.
12mo: 12 8
* ** A–V12 X4 , 264 leaves, pp. [40]464 [24] (last page
blank).
124 x 70mm. Paper Xaw in D9 with loss of 2 letters; corner of T1 torn
away with loss of a few letters of catchword; waterstaining from sig. N
to the end of the book.
Binding: Contemporary calf, red edges. Old reback, corners worn, rear
free endleaf removed.
Provenance: Thomas Waterhouse, early signature on engraved title
and inscription on free endleaf, ‘Geo: Smelter given to him by Mr
Waterhouse’; small blind stamp on endleaf with motto ‘Scientia
Semper Innitor’.
Tenth edition (Wrst 1628). Keynes 10; Wing H1089; ESTC R21492.
This edition contains the Wrst Latin edition of De motu cordis printed in
England; and the Wrst London edition in Latin of Exercitatio anatomica de
circulatione sanguinis (Wrst printed at Cambridge in 1649). The texts follow
the Rotterdam editions of 1648 and 1649 (see above).
This edition omits the illustrations, although they are referred to in the
text.
83
HARVEY, William (1578–1657)
The anatomical exercises... concerning the motion of the heart and
blood. With the preface of Zachariah Wood... to which is added, Dr
James de Back, his discourse of the heart.

London: printed for Richard Lowndes at the White Lion in Duck Lane,
and Math. GilliXower, at the Sun in Westminster-Hall, 1673.
8vo: a4 A–u8 , 164 leaves, pp. [24] 107 [21] 16 13–172.
168 x 105mm. Titlepage soiled and repaired in the inner margin, inner
margins of following preliminary leaves also slightly damaged and
some waterstaining towards the inner margin in the Wrst third of the
book; light marginal foxing.
Binding: Contemporary panelled calf, red edges, old clumsy reback,
repairs to corners, now very worn and frayed.
Provenance: Signature ‘George Shaw 1823’ on title. 17 words of
annotation in a contemporary hand.
Second edition in English (Wrst English 1653), translations of Harvey,
De motu cordis and De circulatione sanguinis and Jacobus de Back,
Dissertatio de corde. Keynes 20; Wing H1084; ESTC R15020.
The English translation is based on the Rotterdam editions of 1648 and
1649, (no. 81 above), revised by Zacharias Sylvius (1608?–1664) and Jacobus
de Back (1593–1658). It includes the preface by Sylvius. Although Wrst
published in Harvey’s lifetime, he probably had no hand in preparing the
English text. ‘It gives a vigorous, if unpolished, rendering of Harvey’s book
in contemporary language’ (Keynes, Bibliography, p. 27). Only one other
edition of this text has been printed, the Nonesuch press edition of 1928.
The other English editions are modernised versions of the 1653 text or are
new translations.
The two English editions (1653 and 1673) omit the illustrations, although
they are still referred to in the text.
84
HARVEY, William (1578–1657)
Exercitationes de generatione animalium. Quibus accedunt
quaedam De partu; De Membranis ac humoribus uteri: & De
conceptione.
London: typis Du-Gardianis; impensis Octaviani Pulleyn in Coemeterio
Paulino, 1651.
4to: p 4 (–p1 blank) a 4 B–2S 4 (blank 2S4), 167 of 168 leaves, pp. [28]
301 [3] (errata on 2S3v, last 2 pages blank). p2, etched title; p3,
printed title with woodcut device; woodcut headpieces and initials. p2,
the etched titlepage, is here bound as a recto and the stub of the blank
p1 is between p3 and p4.
220 x 155mm. Worm holes and tracks in the lower margins, just
touching the lower rule border of the etched titlepage. Text browned
but the etched titlepage clean and a good impression.
Binding: Contemporary sheep, gilt ruled sides and spine. Head and
tail of spine and joints repaired, corners worn, surface of leather
pitted.

Provenance: Old signature on printed titlepage scored through.
First edition. Keynes 34; Wing H1091; ESTC R17816;
Garrison–Morton 467; Norman Library 1011.
Harvey’s second great contribution to physiology, this is one of
the classics of embryology. The problem of generation was a much
more diYcult one than the circulation of the blood. It occupied
Harvey for most of his life and in the end it was not susceptible to a
full solution in his time. The great contributions of this book were
however of huge signiWcance. Harvey’s doctrine that every living
thing comes from an egg; his insistence on epigenesis as opposed
to preformation of the embryo; and his rejection of spontaneous
generation are only three of the ten of Harvey’s achievements in this
book identiWed by Needham (History of Embryology, pp. 149–50).
In addition, the last part of the book is a treatise on gynaecology
and obstetrics drawing on Harvey’s own practice which though
celebrated in Herbert Spencer’s 1921 Harveian Oration, seems to
have been little discussed since then.
The famous and often reproduced engraved title, unsigned
but attributed to Richard Gaywood (c. 1630–1680), shows the
Wgure of Jove taking the top oV a large egg, out of which escape a
Xurry of small creatures. On the egg is the legend Ex ovo omnia,
everything from an egg, the central pillar of Harvey’s theory of
generation. It was probably Gaywood who also etched a portrait
of Harvey that was originally intended for the book but which
was suppressed before publication. (On the etched titlepage and
portrait see Keynes, Life of Harvey, pp. 332–334 and plates XXVIII
and XXIX.)
85
HARVEY, William (1578–1657)
Anatomical exercitations, concerning the generation of living
creatures: to which are added particular discourses, of births,
conceptions, &c.
London: printed by James Young, for Octavian Pulleyn, and are to be sold
at his shop at the sign of the Rose in St. Pauls Church-yard, 1653.
8vo: A 8 (–A1, blank) a 8 8 B–2N 8 (–2N8, blank), 302 of 304 leaves, pp.
[46] 551 562–566 [2] (errata on 2N7, verso blank).
Engraved frontispiece showing a bust of Harvey, signed ‘W: F: fec’
supplied from a later impression on heavy paper (probably
Wellcome, Portraits 1312.9, described as an eighteenth­century
impression from the original plate).
164 x 100mm. Titlepage soiled and frayed in the margins; piece torn
from fore margin of C1 touching a few letters; one or two headlines
shaved; waterstained; overall light browning and soiling.
Binding: Contemporary panelled calf. Rebacked, headcap rubbed,
corners worn.

First edition in English. The Thomason copy is annotated 2 October.
Keynes 43; Wing H1085; ESTC R13027.
The English edition of Harvey’s second great work was published in the same
year and in the same format as the Wrst English edition of De motu cordis, but
by diVerent booksellers. The translation, much praised by Needham for its
vivid style, has been attributed to Dr Martin Llewelyn who contributed the
prefatory poem, but Keynes Wnds no evidence for this and tentatively suggests
that it was done by Harvey’s friend George Ent who had seen the Wrst edition
through the press.
86
HAVERS, Clopton (d. 1702)
Osteologia nova, or Some new observations of the bones, and the
parts belonging to them, with the manner of their accretion, and
nutrition, communicated to the Royal Society in several discourses.
I. Of the membrane, nature, constituent parts, and internal structure
of the bones. II. Of accretion, and nutrition, as also of the aVections
of the bones in the rickets, and of venereal nodes. III. Of the medulla,
or marrow. IV. Of the mucilaginous glands, with the etiology or
explication of the causes of a rheumatism, and the gout, and the
manner how they are produced. To which is added a Wfth discourse of
the cartilages.
London: printed for Samuel Smith at the Prince’s-Arms in St. Paul’s
Church-yard, 1691.
8vo: A–T8 u4 , 156 leaves, pp. [16] 294 [2]. Imprimatur leaf before
title, publisher’s advertisements on last leaf.
2 engraved plates, numbered Tab. I–II, the second folded (bound after
prelims).
180 x 108mm. Clean tears at the top of A6 and A7 with slight loss to
the blank margin and aVecting the text but without loss.
Binding: Contemporary calf. Joints cracked but cords holding, inner
hinge strengthened, free endleaves removed, very worn.
Provenance: John Lund, signature on title (nineteenth century?).
First edition. A second edition was published in 1729. Wing H1162;
ESTC R21003; Garrison–Morton 387; Russell 395; Norman
Catalogue 1024.
‘The Wrst complete and systematic study of the structure of the bones. Havers
gave the Wrst full description of the microscopic structure of the bone canals
made for the passage of blood­vessels, named “Haversian canals” in his honor.
He also descried the Haversian lamellae, the synovial fringes and folds, and the
small penetrating prolongation of the periosteum; the treatise’s two engraved
plates provide a clear schema of the structures he had discovered. He made
important observations on bone growth, correcting Glisson’s statement that
uneven rickety bones grow on their harder side.’ (Norman Library 1024.)

87
HELMHOLTZ, Hermann von (1821–1894)
Ueber die wechselwirkung der naturkräfte und die darauf
bezüglichen neuesten Ermittlungen der Physik.
Königsberg: verlag von Gräfe & Unzer (Gedruckt bei h. Hartung in
Königsberg), 1854.
8vo: pp. 46.
202 x 127mm.
Binding: Bound in contemporary marbled boards, without the original
printed wrappers.
Provenance: Pencil underlining.
First edition. Reprinted in part 2 of Populäre wissenschaftliche Vorträge
(1865, see below).
88
HELMHOLTZ, Hermann von (1821–1894)
Populäre wissenschaftliche Vorträge.
Braunschweig: druck und verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und sohn, 1865–76.
8vo, part 1, 1865: pp. [6] 134; part 2, 1871: pp. x 211 [1 blank]; part 3,
1876: pp. x 139 [1 blank]. Wood engraved text illustrations, 7 of those
in part 1 with one or two printed colours.
208 x 133mm. Light stain in Wrst few leaves of Wrst part; some
insigniWcant foxing.
Binding: Contemporary pastepaper boards. Spine ends and board
edges worn.
First collected edition; several of the lectures are published here for the
Wrst time.
Popular lectures on many of the subjects to which Helmholz made signiWcant
contributions, including physiological acoustics, ophthalmology and the
theory of the conservation of energy. Part 1 includes the Wrst edition of his
lecture ‘Ice and Glaciers’, evocatively illustrated with wood engravings in
which the glaciers are shown in a pale blue­green tint.
89
HELMONT, Franciscus Mercurius van (1614–1699)
Alphabeti verè naturalis Hebraici brevisssima delineatio.
Quae simul methodum suppeditat, juxta quam qui surdi nati sunt sic
informari possunt, ut non alios saltemloquentes intelligant, sed & ipsi
ad sermonis usum perveniant.
Sulzbach: typis Abrahami Lichtenthaleri [date misprinted M.DC.LVII on
title and corrected], 1667.

12mo: ):( 12 2):( 6 A–D8 E6 , 72 leaves, pp. [36] 107 [1]. Engraved title on
):(1 verso, signed ‘F. Franck sc.’
36 engraved plates numbered 1–36 (bound at the end, gathered in 3
12­leaf sections).
135 x 78mm. A few early paper repairs (done before binding?); some
dustsoiling.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards.
Provenance: nineteenth­century bookplate of the London Society for
Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews, 16 Lincoln’s Inn Fields.
First edition. A German edition, Kurzter EntwurV des Eigentlichen Natur-
Alphabets der Heiligen Sprache was issued by the same publisher in the
same year, and a Dutch version in 1679. Wellcome III p. 241; Krivatsy
5426; VD17 12:153272L.
A pioneer work in the theory of language in which van Helmont sought to
show how the deaf may be taught to speak; and to prove that Hebrew is a
‘holy language’ because the characters of the alphabet resemble the position
of the lips and tongue to form the sounds with which mankind was Wrst taught
to speak. Van Helmont’s method of teaching the deaf contains the basic
principles of all later teaching methods (Sherrer pp. 422–424).
Letters and conWgurations of the throat and tongue are shown on the
thirty­six engraved plates. using these images van Helmont claimed to have
successfully taught deaf­mutes to articulate the alphabet on Wrst sight.
Van Helmont’s theories of phonetics were discussed by such contemporaries
as Samuel Hartlib, John Worthington, Henry More, and Increase Mather.
His neglect by later generations in Britain, Sherrer asserts, must be due to
the fact that the book was never translated into English.
Francis Mercurius was the only surviving son of Jan Baptiste van Helmont
(1614–1698), the Paracelsian chemist. This was the younger van Helmont’s
Wrst book. ‘His characteristic blend of the speculative and entirely practical
was shown by his proposals arising from his theory for teaching those born
deaf to speak and to understand speech.’ (Stuart Brown in ODNB).
It appears that in this copy the misprint on the titlepage has been corrected
by handstamping the missing X; a variant has the date correctly printed (VD17
7:628249S) and the real date is conWrmed by the colophon.
Ferguson I p. 380; Grace B Sherrer, ‘Francis Mercury Van Helmont: A Neglected
Seventeenth­Century Contribution To The Science Of Language’, The Review of
English Studies, 14 (1938) 420–427.
90
HELMONT, Franciscus Mercurius van (1614–1699)
The paradoxal discourses of F. M. Van Helmont, concerning the
macrocosm and microcosm, or the greater and lesser world, and their
union set down in writing and now published by J. B.
London: printed by J. C[ottrell]. and Freeman Collins, for Robert
Kettlewel, at the Hand and Scepter near S. Dunstan’s Church in Fleetstreet,
1685.

8vo: A–I8 ; a–n8 o4 , 180 leaves, pp. [16] 127 [1]; 215 [1] (last page of
Wrst part blank, errata on Wnal page).
2 engraved plates (facing pp. 19 and 22 of the second part).
183 x 115mm. Light paper discolouration; plates backed with old paper.
Binding: Recent half morocco over marbled boards, marbled endleaves.
First edition. The original Dutch, Paradoxale discoursen ofte ongemeene
meeningen van de groote en kleyne wereld en speciaal van de wederkeeringe
der menschelijke zielen, was not published until 1693. Wing H1393;
ESTC R9542; Wellcome II, p. 241; Krivatsy 5429; Neville I, p. 610.
A series of philosophical, theological, medical and scientiWc essays demonstrating
van Helmont’s cabbalistic philosophy. The work includes some
chemical experiments (Partington II, p. 242), and the plates are of human
embryology, the Wrst copied, with acknowledgement, from Swammerdam,
Miraculum naturae (1672).
Van Helmont felt that his works would be better received in English and had
several of his books published in English at this time. The Paradoxal discourses
were written down, or perhaps ghost written by ‘J. B.’ who had followed van
Helmont from Amsterdam to England. He explains in the Preface that he took
down Helmont’s words in Dutch and translated the treatises into English.
He apologizes for any deWciencies in the language due to the haste with
which he did it ‘by reason of my unexpected departure out of the Land, after
I had undertaken it’; and to his being a ‘Hollander’. He assures us that it is
nonetheless ‘published with the will and consent of the Author’. In place of a
portrait of the author, which J. B. had wanted to prevent fraud, van Helmont’s
Patent of Honour granted by the Holy Roman Emperour is printed at the
end (in Latin) as ‘a testimony of his outward manner of life’.
‘Van Helmont visited England initially on diplomatic missions, but he
became resident physician to Anne, Viscountess Conway, from 1670 until
1679. They became closely associated as Christian cabbalists and they converted
to Quakerism together. After Lady Conway’s death van Helmont
returned for a while to the continent, where he saw to the publication of her
book. During a second extended stay in England (1681–5) he enjoyed the
hospitality of Quakers, some of whom had been much inXuenced by him, and
he published some of his expositions of the central doctrines of the Lurianic
cabbala...’ (Stuart Brown in ODNB).
S. Brown, ‘F. M. van Helmont: his philosophical connections and the reception
of his later Cabbalistic philosophy’, in M. A. Stewart, ed., Studies in seventeenthcentury
European philosophy (1997), 97–116 on pp. 107–7.
91
HELMONT, Franciscus Mercurius van (1614–1699)
Paradoxal Discourse, oder: Ungemeine Meynüngen von dem
Macrocosmo und Microcosmo, das ist: Von der grossen und
kleinern welt und verselben Vereinigung... Auf der Englischen in die
Hochteutsche sprache übersetzet.
Hamburg: Verlegts Gottfried Liebernickel, 1691.

8vo: )( 4 A–K8 †K8 L–Z8 2A4 (blanks )(2 and 2A4), 200 leaves, pp. [8] 369
(i.e. 389, 251–270 repeated [3] (including the blanks). Title in red and
black, woodcut tailpieces, full page woodcut illustrations on pp. 168 & 173.
162 x 98mm.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Worn and soiled.
Provenance: Initials ‘MR’ and ‘CF’ and an undeciphered signature
dated 1790 on title and notes on endleaf; early annotation on free
endleaf; twentieth­century bookplate of M. K. Neudold.
First German edition, translated from the English, Paradoxal discourses
(1685). The original Dutch, Paradoxale discoursen ofte ongemeene
meeningen van de groote en kleyne wereld en speciaal van de wederkeeringe
der menschelijke zielen, was not published until 1693. Another issue is
dated 1692. Ferguson I, p. 379.
92
HELMONT, Franciscus Mercurius van (1614–1699)
and Paulus BuCHIuS (b. 1657 or 8)
The divine being and its attributes philosophically demonstrated
from the Holy Scriptures, and original nature of things. According to
the principles of F. M. B. of Helmont. Written in Low­Dutch by Paulus
Buchius Dr. of Physick, and translated into English by Philanglus.
London: printed, and are to be sold by Randal Taylor, near Stationers
Hall, 1693.
8vo: a8 (–a1 blank) A–P8 , 127 of 128 leaves, pp. [14] 240.
146 x 88mm. Clean and fresh.
Binding: Recent sheep by Bernard Middleton.
First edition, a translation of Het godlyk weezen en deszelfs eygenschappen...
Naar de gronden van Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont (Amsterdam,
printed for van Helmont, 1694). Another issue has the imprint
‘printed for the Author, and are to be sold by several book­sellers in
London and Westminster, 1693’. ESTC R19628; Wing B5299.
The main text is by Buchius, a physician at Amsterdam, and was compiled
from conversations with van Helmont. At the end there is an Appendix by
van Helmont himself, ‘An appendix of Several Questions with their Answers
Concerning the Hypothesis of the Revolution [reincarnation] of Humane Souls.’
Helmont was in touch with Cambridge Platonists Henry More and Anne
Conway and made sure that certain of his works were put into English. His
involvement in this edition is clear from his Preface to the Appendix, in which
he says that he has had it translated out of Dutch into English and that it
was at the request of his friends – not speciWed – that he had it appended to
Buchius’ work. Furthermore the Dutch edition was printed at van Helmont’s
expense (‘gedrukt voor den Hr. van Helmont’).
At the end of the prelims is an announcement of the impending publication
of Helmont’s, The spirit of diseases (London, printed for Sarah Howkins, 1694)
‘to which this following Tract in several places refers’.

93
HELMONT, Franciscus Mercurius van (1614–1699);
LEIBNIZ, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von (1646–1716)
Quaedam praemeditatae & consideratae cogitationes super
quatuor priora capita libri primi Moysis, Genesis nominati.
Amsterdam: prostant apud Henr. Wetstenium, 1697.
12mo: 4
* A–G8 H–I4 , 68 leaves, pp. [8] 115 (i.e. 127, last page misnumbered)
[1] (last page blank). Title in red and black. Printed on
two diVerent paper stocks.
154 x 89mm.
Binding: Contemporary half calf over sprinkled boards, gilt spine,
marbled pastedowns.
First edition. A German translation was printed in 1698. Ravier 284;
Neu 1889.
Van Helmont’s last work, edited and possibly in fact ghost­written by Leibniz.
‘In 1696 van Helmont visited Hanover and revived two old friendships – one
with the Electress Sophia, whose father, the elector of the Palatine, he had
once served, and the other with the philosopher G. W. Leibniz. He persuaded
Leibniz to draft and see to the publication of the Quaedam praemeditatae &
consideratae cogitationes super quatuor priora capita libri primi Moysis (1697),
a work that largely expounds van Helmont’s cabbalistic reXections on the
creation.’ (Stuart Brown in ODNB.)
Pagel has noted on an inserted slip that the book contains alchemical
passages, for example on p. 62.
94
HELMONT, Franciscus Mercurius van (1614–1699)
Curiose Erwegung der Worte Moysis Gen. VI, 2.
[Germany]: Anno, 1699.
12mo: A–B12 , 24 leaves, pp. 48. The passage from Genesis VI, 2
on the titlepage is in Hebrew and German. The text is in German
interspersed with Hebrew and Greek.
140 x 90mm, untrimmed.
Binding: Nicely bound in recent sprinkled sheep.
Provenance: Signature ‘Dr Ferber [?] Hamburg 1878’ on verso of title;
Ernst Darmstaedter (1877–1938), historian of science with his stamp
on verso of title; the bulk of Darmstaedter’s library was acquired by
the Wellcome Library in 1930. Walter Pagel’s signature on free endleaf
and his pencil notes on the attribution of the book to van Helmont.
First edition? Another edition with spelling Mosis in place of Moysis on
the titlepage and the place of printing given as Amsterdam is dated
1700; reprinted in Georg Welling, Opus mago-cabbalisticum (1784).
VD17 14:670813R.

Pagel’s notes on the endleaves conWrm the attribution to van Helmont: ‘Weigel
is the main source. Also suggestive of F. M. Van Helmont’s authorship is the
story (p. 27) from Trebbin in Mark Brandenburg where Helmont stayed at
the time’. He also notes Welling’s reprint of the work.
There is a copy of the 1700 edition in Cornell university Library’s witchcraft
collection, but the book is not noticed in Jean­Pierre Coumont, Demonology
and Witchcraft, an Annotated Bibliography (2004).
95
HELMONT, Jean Baptiste van (1577–1644)
Ortus medicinae. Id est, initia physicae inaudita. Progressus
medicinae novus, in morborum ultionem, ad vitam longam.
[bound, as issued, with:]
Opuscula medica inaudita. I. De lithiasi. II. De febribus. III. De
humoribus Galeni. IV. De peste. Editio secunda multo emendatior.
Amsterdam: apud Ludovicum Elzevirium, 1648.
4to: Ortus medicinae: * –4 4
* 5* 2 A–5I4 , 422 leaves, pp. [36] 800 (i.e.
808, pp. 87–88 and 373–382 repeated and 540–1 and 543–4 omitted).
Engraved double portrait surrounded by coats of arms on * 5v. Woodcut
device on title, woodcut initials, a few small diagrams in the text.
Opuscula medica inaudita: A–P4 (blank P4); 2A–O4 P2 ; 3A–L4 , 162
leaves, pp. [8] 110; 115 [1]; 88. Woodcut device on title, woodcut
initials.
200 x 152mm. Portrait slightly smaller and probably inserted from another
copy. Light browning in second part but a good fresh and clean copy.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, green sprinkled edges. Split in
upper joint.
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature dated 1948.
First edition of the Ortus; Second edition of Opuscula (Wrst 1644); the
‘Index tractatum’ on 5*5–6 covers both parts. Wellcome III, p. 241;
Krivatsy 5447 and 5442; Garrison–Morton 665; Printing and the Mind
of Man 135; Neville I, p. 613.
This great work, ‘The Birth of Medicine’ may be considered as the Wrst work
on biochemistry. It is ‘our chief source for the discoveries of Helmont with
regard to the chemical nature of living processes’ (Printing and the Mind of
Man). It also contains many major contributions to chemistry, including that
for which van Helmont is best known, the discovery of gasses.
‘Helmont was one of the founders of biochemistry. He was the Wrst to
realize the physiological importance of ferments and gases, and indeed
invented the word “gas”. He introduced the gravimetric idea in the analysis
of urine. Helmont published very little during his life. The above work is a
collection of his writings, issued by his son, Franz Mercurius.’ (Garrison–
Morton 665).

96
HELMONT, Jean Baptiste van (1577–1644)
Oriatrike or, Physick refined. The common errors therein refuted,
and the whole art reformed & rectiWed: being a new rise and progress
of phylosophy and medicine... now faithfully rendred into English, in
tendency to a common good, and the increase of true science; by J. C.
sometime of M. H. Oxon.
London: printed for Lodowick Loyd, and are to be sold at his shop next the
Castle in Cornhill, 1662.
Folio: p4 a–e4 F2 B–7B4 7C2 7D–7K4 7L2 , 610 leaves, pp. [44] 1161 (i.e.
1176, 663–4 repeated, 6 additional pages in an un­numbered section
between 814 and 827, 993–1000 and 1105–1112 omitted), engraved
double portrait on a1v. Divisional titles on 5M1, 5O1, 6D2 and 6u2.
288 x 185mm. Engraved portrait laid down, shaved in the outer
margin and with a ragged tear; tear in title closed, foot of title frayed;
portrait and title a little soiled; paper Xaw in 7H2 with loss of 1 word
and parts of 5 others; a few insigniWcant marginal tears; minor stains
on a few leaves and a few rust spots. A good clean copy.
Binding: Nineteenth­century half sheep, upper board detached.
Provenance: Nineteenth century signature ‘Dr Barnes’ [or Banks?];
Walter Pagel’s signature dated 1946.
First edition in English of Ortus medicinae (1648) and other works, edited
by Helmont’s son, Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont (1614–1699).
Wing H1400; ESTC R15308; Neville II, p. 614–5.
‘The English translation is both useful and akin to the original [of the Ortus],
although sometimes quite incorrect’ (Walter Pagel, Joan Baptista van Helmont,
Reformer of Science and Medicine, 1982, paperback edition 2002, p. 211).
97
HENLE, Jacob (1809–1885)
Allgemeine Anatomie. Lehre von den Mischungs­ und
Formbestandtheilen des menschlichen Körpers.
Leipzig: Verlag von Leopold Voss (Druck von F. A. Brockhaus in
Leipzig), 1841.
8vo: pp. xxiv [2] 1048, [2], wood­engraved text illustrations.
5 folding engraved plates signed ‘F. D. L. Franz Wagner del. Stahlst
von C. Haas, numbered I–V (bound at the end).
213 x 125mm.
Binding: Contemporary half roan. Spine worn, joints cracked.
Provenance: Chirurgische Klinik, Greifswald, library stamps, cancelled,
on title and last page and gilt stamp at foot of spine.
First edition. Garrison–Morton 543; Heirs of Hippocrates 1733.
The Wrst systematic treatise on histology.

98
HERMES Trismegistus
The divine Pymander of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus,
in XVII. books. Translated formerly out of the Arabick into Greek,
and thence into Latine, and Dutch, and now out of the original into
English; by that learned divine Doctor Everard.
London: printed by Robert White, for Tho. Brewster, and Greg. Moule, at
the Three Bibles in the Poultrey, under Mildreds Church, 1650.
8vo: A–O8 P4 , 116 leaves, pp. [16] 215 [1]. Title within a border of
Xeurons, woodcut initials.
140 x 90mm. A few headlines shaved, light browning.
Binding: Nineteenth­century sheep, original front free endleaf
retained. Rubbed.
Provenance: A few pencil annotations (nineteenth­century?); Bernard
Quaritch Ltd (collation note on rear pastedown). Walter Pagel’s
signature, undated, on pastedown.
First edition in English. Thomason copy annotated 25 September 1649.
Another edition was printed in 1657 together with the second book.
Wing H1565; ESTC R202412.
‘The “Pimander”, the Wrst treatise of the Corpus Hermeticum, gives an
account of the creation which, although it seems to recall Genesis... diVers
radically from Genesis in its account of the creation of man. The second
creative act of the Word in the “Pimander” after the creation of light and the
elements of nature, is the creation of the heavens, or more particularly of the
seven Governors or seven planets on which the lower elemental world was
believed to depend. Then followed the creation of man.’ (Yates p. 256.)
The translator is identiWed in library catalogues as John Everard (1575?–
1650?). The address to the reader is signed J. F. and states that the translator
is no longer living.
Searching ESTC, this appears to be the Wrst printing of the Hermetic
Corpus in English. The only earlier appearance of any work attributed to
Hermes Trismegistus is in the ‘Iatromathematica’ included in John Harvey’s
Astrologicall addition (1583). An edition of Hermetic texts in Latin, Hermetis
Trismegisti opusculum edited by Francesco Patrizi printed at Ferrara in 1591,
as part of Patrizi’s Nova de universis philosophia, was reissued in London by
R. Field in 1611 with a new titlepage and dedication.
Frances A. Yates ‘The Hermetic tradition’ p. 256 in Charles S. Singleton, ed., Art,
Science, and History in the Rennaisance (1967).

99
HERMES Trismegistus
[Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus, his Divine pymander, part
2 only] Hermes Trismegistus his second book, called Asclepius
containing Wfteen chapters, with a commentary.
London: printed for Thomas Brewster, at the three Bibles in St. Pauls
Church-yard, near the West End, 1657.
12mo: A–E12 F6 , 66 leaves, pp. [2] 127 [3]. Publisher’s adverstisements
on last three pages.
122x 65mm. A few headlines shaved; corners rounded, last page
soiled.
Binding: Contemporary sheep, rebacked, new endleaves. Corners
worn.
Provenance: A 16 word annotation in a contemporary hand on p. 94.
First edition in English. Wing H1567; ESTC R177956.
This translation and commentary – perhaps by John Everard – on the Asclepius
attributed to Hermes Trismegistus was issued with the second edition of the
Pimander, not present here. In the advertisements at the end of the ‘Divine
Pimander’ it is advertised as ‘in the same volume’ and this copy appears to
have been formerly bound with another work. There seems therefore to be no
justiWcation for treating this as anything other than a fragment, though as so
often with such tracts it is given independent entries in Wing and ESTC.
100
HIGHMORE, Nathaniel (1613–1685)
Corporis humani disquisitio anatomica; in qua sanguinis
circulationem in quavis corporis particula plurimis typis novis, ac
aenygmatum medicorum succinctâ dilucidatione ornatam prosequuts
est... accessit index duplex, alter capitum, alter rerum & verborum
locupletissimus.
The Hague: ex oYcina Samuelis Broun bibliopolae Anglici, 1651.
Folio: p 2 A–2M 4 (blank 2M4), 142 leaves, pp. [12] 262 [10] (last 2
pages blank). Title and ‘Frontis physiognomica descriptio’ (intended
to face the engraved title but here bound following the printed title)
printed in red and black, woodcut and Xeuron headpieces, woodcut
initials, and 19 engravings printed in the text.
Engraved title and one inserted plate, Tab. XII.
There are in all 20 illustrations, numbered Tab I–XVIII mostly full
page, and 2 smaller engravings, not numbered. These are all printed
on the text leaves apart from Tab. XII.
274 x 172mm. Title­leaf washed and possibly from another copy;
engravings printed on pp. 243 and 246 just shaved without any
signiWcant loss; some light browning; a fresh clean copy.

Binding: Rebound in panelled calf by Bernard
Middleton, edges re­trimmed and sprinkled red and
brown.
First edition. Krivatsy 5602; Norman 1071; Waller
4456; Wellcome III, 263; Garrison–Morton 382;
Russell 416.
The Wrst anatomical textbook to accept Harvey’s
discovery of the circulation of the blood. The book is
dedicated to Harvey.
‘His most important scientiWc contribution is Corpus
humani disquisitio anatomica (1651), containing the Wrst
description of the antrum of Highmore (maxillary sinus,
the largest of the paranasal sinuses) and of the corpus
Highmori (mediastinal testis). Dedicated to William
Harvey, it was the Wrst anatomical textbook to accept
Harvey’s theory of the circulation of the blood; its
frontispiece incorporates an allegorical drawing of this
new theory. Although Highmore’s physiology reXects
the still medieval thinking of his time, the book was
accepted as a standard anatomical textbook for many
years and brought the author immediate recognition
in England and abroad. For instance, Johann Daniel
Horst, chief court physcian of Hesse­Darmstadt, in
asking William Harvey (1665) to undertake a study
of the lymphatic and thoracic ducts, suggested as
an alternative “the most illustrious Dr. Highmore”;
and Boyle spoke of Highmore as “my learned friend,”
quoted his experiments, and referred a knotty
physiological problem to him.’ (J. Else Gordon, DSB,
6:386–7.)
Highmore came from a long line of distinguished
clergymen, doctors, lawyers and one painter, Joseph
Highmore. Nathaniel was educated at Sherborne School
and Trinity College, Oxford.
101
HILL, Nicholas (1570–c. 1610)
Philosophia Epicurea, Democritiana, Theophrastica: proposita
simpliciter, non edocta.
Paris: Apud Rolinum Thierry, via Iacobaea, sub insigne Cochlearis, 1601.
8vo: a4 A–G8 H4 (blank a4), 64 leaves, pp. [8] 118 [2] (errata on last
leaf). Arabesque on title, woodcut headpieces and initials.
First edition. Another edition was printed at Cologne in 1619.
[Bound with:]

ROuSSET, François (1535–1590 or later)
Exercitatio medica assertionis novae veri usus anastomoseon
cardiacarum foetus ex utero materno trans ipsas trahentis aërem
internum in suos pulmones motus respiratorii (contra communem
opinionem) tu[n]c non expertes, & illum cordi eum appetenti, suique
etiam tunc micantis motus compoti praeparaturos.
Paris: excudebat Dionysius Duvallius, sub pegaso, in vico Bellovaco,
1603.
8vo: 6
* A–M4 N2 (blank * 6), 56 leaves, pp. [12] 100 (i.e. 98) [2],
including the blank. Fleuron device on titlepage, woodcut headpieces
and initials.
Waller 8261.
167 x 100mm. Light soiling to titlepage of Wrst work.
Binding: Contemporary English calf, blind ruled borders to sides and
spine compartments, later lettering piece. Surface of leather very worn,
head and tailcaps chipped, joints cracked at head and foot.
Provenance: Joseph Fenton (c. 1565/70–1634) with his signature, motto
‘Sors mea mors’ and number ‘78’ in a rectangle on the titlepage; large
letter L stamped in gilt in upper spine compartment; pencil inscription
‘From the Bibliotheca Philippica’.
First edition.
A fascinating volume combining two exceptionally rare works, the Wrst the
only work of an English natural philosopher who was a supporter of Giordano
Bruno. It was published in Paris the year after Bruno was burnt at the stake.
The second work is the last work of the French physician François Rousset.
The volume was owned by a contemporary English surgeon, and probably
bound for him. Fenton’s library has only recently come to light and is
important for adding to the growing body of evidence that the the stereotype
of the uneducated surgeon (unable to read Latin) needs to be treated with
caution. The two works demonstrate the wide range of his interests, perhaps
more so than the selection from his library made by Sir Hans Sloane (now in
the British Library) would suggest.
Hill, Philosophia Epicurea (1601). Hill was a graduate, and for a short
time a fellow, of St John’s College, Oxford. He declared himself a disciple of
Giordano Bruno whose well­remembered visit to the university had taken
place in 1583, four years before Hill matriculated. Hill supported the main
cosmological ideas of Bruno – heliocentrism, atomism, the eternity of matter,
the inWnity of the universe and the plurality of worlds. After he left Oxford,
probably on account of his conversion to Catholicism, Hill became a member
of the circle of Henry Percy, ninth earl of Northumberland, the ‘wizard earl’.
Northumberland was himself interested in Bruno and had many of Bruno’s
works in his large library.
Hill’s work was published in Paris where he had Xed, perhaps taking fright
after learning that the Earl of Essex was plotting to seize Lundy Island and
declare himself heir to the throne.
‘Hill’s Philosophia epicurea, a sequence of 509 propositions in natural

philosophy, is topical in another respect too. In 1600 Giordano Bruno had
been burnt at the stake in Rome, and it has been suggested, by Jean Jacquot,
that Hill’s book was a tribute to his memory. But if so, Hill was careful to
cover himself: he cites Bruno (as ‘Nolanus’) explicitly in a marginal note
only; he states, in the title and in the dedicatory epistle, that he is oVering
hypotheses only (‘proposita simpliciter, non edocta’); and he declares that if
any of them is contrary to the Catholic faith, ‘igni illud et inferis mando’ (‘I
commit it to the Xames and hell’). And if he published the book in Catholic
Paris, the centre of Lullian studies, he sought safety for himself in protestant
Rotterdam.’ (Hugh Trevor­Roper in ODNB.)
Rousset, Exercitatio medica assertionis novae (1603). A treatise on the
dis puted septum of the heart. Rousset is famous for his Traitté nouveau de
l’hysterotomotokie (Paris, 1581), the Wrst monograph on the Cesarian section
(for Pagel’s copy of the 1590 edition, see my Catalogue 41, no. 109). This
and his other works were based on practical experience. The present work
however ‘ne correspond point aux autres. Son auteur, tout occupé de théorie,
ne lui a pas même donné un air de vraisemblance’ (Bayle and Thillaye, I, p.
372). Rousset’s dates are unknown, but because of the rarity of this book, his
death is usually put earlier, Krivatsy suggesting 1590.
Provenance. Fenton was a prominent member of the Barber­Surgeons’
Company and twice Master. He was one of the resident surgeons at Barts
Hospital where his colleagues included John Woodall (author of The surgions
mate, see below) and William Harvey. He had a licence from the College of
Physicians to administer internal medicines. He published no books of his own,
but he evidently had a substantial library which was left to his grandson, Joseph
Colston, also a medical man. Colston died in 1675 and it was presumably
some time after this that the library was dispersed. Sir Hans Sloane acquired
most of his holdings of Fenton’s books in 1686, a few later. The Sloane Printed
Books databases currently lists 305 items from Fenton’s library, the majority
on surgery and medicine and almost all in Latin. Fenton’s active engagement
with the books in his library is shown by two extensive commonplace books in
the British Library in which he compiled texts from a range of printed books
and added his comments (Sloane 1719 and Sloane 661).
David Pearson, ‘Illustrations from the Wellcome Library: Joseph Fenton and his
Books’, Medical History 47 (2003) 239–248; Alison Walker, ‘Sir Hans Sloane’s
Printed Books in the British Library’ in Giles Mandelbrote and Barry Taylor, eds,
Libraries within the Library. The Origins of the British Library’s Printed Collections
(2009) pp. 89–97 on pp. 95–97; Sloane Printed Books database www.bl.uk/
catalogues/sloane.
102
JENNER, Edward (1749–1823)
A letter to Charles Henry Parry ... on the influence of artificial
eruptions, in certain diseases incidental to the human body, with an
inquiry respecting the probable advantages to be derived from further
experiments.
London: printed for Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1822.

4to, pp. 67.
271 x 210mm.
Binding: Recent quarter morocco.
Provenance: Stamps of the Edinburgh Medical Society on title and
p. 3. Typed letter from Gerda H. Schuyler of Argosy Bookstores, 25
March 1966 to Walter Pagel with a carbon copy of his reply on verso
(see below).
Second edition (Wrst, unauthorised, 1821). The text was reprinted in two
American journals The American Medical Recorder (1822) and Monthly
Journal of Medicine (1823) and translated into Dutch (1822) and French
(1822, 1824). Lefanu Notable Medical Books in the Lilly Library 132.
‘Jenner’s last book, addressed to the son of his old friend Caleb Hillier Parry,
now a paralysed, dying man, summarized the observations of a lifetime on
counter­irritation by means of emetic tartar ointment, and discussed the
physiological principles on which the application acts. He wrote that his
references went back to 1794, the year after his recipe for emetic tartar had
been published, though that paper had been written ten years earlier still.
In his Letter to Parry Jenner also referred to the “interesting observations” of
Thomas Bradley in the Memoirs of the Medical Society of London for 1773. His
interest in the subject thus appears to go back to the very start of his medical
career, while the evidence which he adduced is from the most recent years
1819–21.’ (Lefanu, p. 96).
The Wrst edition of 500 copies was printed by mistake before the proofs had
been corrected. It was suppressed and apparently no copies survive apart from
the proof copy at Edinburgh university Library described by Lefanu.
Pagel’s interest in this work on tartar ointment presumably stemmed
from his study of Paracelsus work on tartar and gout in Libri V de vita longa
([1566], see my Catalogue 41 no. 79 and Pagel, Paracelsus, p. 161; see also
above no. 4.)
The letter from Argosy Bookstores in New York with this copy oVered
Pagel a copy of the American edition; he declined, saying that Argosy would
no doubt be grateful to him for not buying the book as they would have many
other customers for it. I can’t say that I have ever been grateful to a customer
for not buying a book, but perhaps times have changed.
103
JuNGIuS, Joachim (1587–1657)
Logica Hamburgensis, hoc est, Institutiones logicae in usum Schol.
Hamburg. conscriptae, & sex libris comprehensae.
Hamburg: sumptibus Georg. WolWi, literis PfeiVerianis, 1672.
8vo: a8 (–a8) A–2O8 )( 2 , 305 leaves, pp. [14] 390 [6]. Errata on 2O8r–
)(2r, verso blank. Title in red and black, woodcut initials.
First complete edition, second issue with the Wrst gathering reset (Wrst
edition, books I–III only 1635, second edition, books I–VI, Wrst issue,
Jakob Rebenlein for Barthold Opfermann, 1638). An enlarged edition
was published by WolV in 1681. Kangro J8.

[bound with:]
VOSSIuS, Gerardus Joannes (1577–1649),
Rhetorices Contractae
Leipzig: Typis Johannes Erici Hahnii, 1665.
8vo: ):( 8 2):( 4 , A–2F8 , 244 leaves, pp. [24] 448 [16] (last page blank).
Later edition (Wrst 1621).
159 x 92mm. Light paper discolouration, marginal waterstaining in the
second work (sustained before binding), good fresh copies.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, yapp fore edges, red sprinkled
edges.
Provenance: Errata neatly corrected in the text in a contemporary
hand and the errata scored through; pp. 100–104 of the Wrst work and
pp. 123 – 134 in the second work densely annotated, and 3 pages of
philosophical terms in double columns on the rear end leaves, all in
the same hand.
Jungius’ Logica Hamburgensis is an important work in the philosophy of
science, published the year after Descartes’ Discours de la Méthode (1637) but
based on ideas developed earlier. Jungius used mathematics as the basis for a
theory of science. ‘He further elaborated a theory of mathematical operations
(“zetetica”)... Jungius thought that his methodology was closely connected
with the logical doctrine of proof that he presented in 1638 in the fourth
book of his Logica Hamburgensis, in which he, for the Wrst time, also treated
such mathematical principles as “problems,” “regulas,” and “theorems”;
abandoned distinctions in favor of exact nominal deWnitions; recommended a
“geometric style”... and deWned a systematic science. His method of scientiWc
inference as here set forth was based upon “demonstrations” from principles
(including deWnitions) and upon both complete and incomplete induction.’
(Hans Kangro, DSB 7:194).
Kangro notes that a paper by Jungius on his theory of science was sent to
Robert Boyle by Samuel Hartlib in 1654 in (DSB).
Jungius studied at Rostock and then Giessen, where he became professor
of mathematics after taking his MA in 1608. ‘His inaugural dissertation there
was the famous oration on the didactic signiWcance, advantage, and usefulness
of mathematics for all disciplines, which he later repeated at Rostock and
Hamburg and which revealed the idea that guided his lifework.’ (Kangro,
DSB, p. 193.) Yet he turned to medicine in 1616, gained his MD at Padua
in 1619, and practiced medicine at Lübeck, Brunswick, Wolfenbüttel and
Helmstedt where he was also professor of medicine. He then returned to
mathematics, as professor of mathematics at Rostock in 1624. In 1623 Jungius
founded the Societas Ereunetica modelled on the Academia dei Lincei which
he had encountered in Italy.
The Wrst edition, printing only the Wrst 3 of 6 books, is known from only
one copy reported by Kangro, with a contemporary ex libris inscription of
P. Lambechii, Vienna (Kangro, 1968). The Wrst complete edition of 1638,
still very rare, is usually taken as the Wrst (and was celebrated in a 350th
anniversary conference in Hamburg in 1988). It has probably not been
previously noticed that this 1672 publication is in fact a re­issue of the 1638

edition, after an unusually long gap of 34 years. A re­issue like this could be
due to the publisher having printed too many copies and needing to shift stock
at a later date. But given the rarity of the Wrst edition, it seems more likely
that in this case it is due to supression of the Wrst issue, perhaps because of
Jungius’ religious persecution; although in that case it is odd that the second
issue was not published in 1657 when other works which he had been reluctant
to publish began to appear. The revised edition of 1681 describes itself as
‘editio secunda’.
The other work in the volume, Vossius’ Rhetorices contractae, was enormously
popular and was reprinted many times in the seventeenth century after the
Wrst edition was printed at Leiden in 1621.
Hans Kangro, Joachim Jungius’ Experimente und Gedanken zur Begründung der
Chemie als Wissenschaft (1968).
104
JuNGIuS, Joachim (1587–1657)
Opuscula botanico­physica ex recensione et distinctione Martini
Fogelii... et Ioh. Vagetii... cum eorundem annotationibus accedit
Iosephi de Aromatariis... ad Bartholomeum Nanti epistola de
generatione plantarum ex seminibus. Omnia collecta, recognita et
revisa novisque annotatiunculis illustrata cura Ioh. Sebast. Albrecht.
Coburg: sumptibus ex typis Georgii Ottonis, typogr. Ducal. Priv., 1747.
4to: a–c4 A–Z4 , 108 leaves, pp. [24] 183 [1]. Woodcut headpieces,
woodcuts of three forms of tree growth on p. 169.
198 x 155mm.
Binding: Recent marbled boards.
First edition of this collection, inluding Jungius, Doxoscopiae physicae min ores
(Wrst edition 1662) and Isagogae phytoscopia, Wrst printed in Praecipuae
Opiniones Physicae (1679); and Giuseppe degli Aromatari’s ‘Epistola de
generatione plantarum ex seminibus’ Wrst printed in his Disputatio de rabie
contagiosa (1525). Pritzel 4524; McLean Evans, Epochal achievements 82;
Dibner, Heralds of Science 23; Norman Library 1193.
This collection reprints Jungius’ seminal works in the history of botany.
Jungius gave botany much of its present nomenclature and Wrst clearly
divided the subject into morphology, physiology and ecology. Linnaeus based
his system of nomenclature on Jungius’ work, via Ray’s Historia plantarum
(1686–1704: see Sachs p. 60). Accused of heresy, most of his writings were
only published after his death.
‘Some few treatises were published by his pupils, among them one entitled
Isagoge phytoscopica (Handbook of Botanical Study). This work, comprising
a volume of forty­six quarto pages, must be regarded as one of the pioneer
works in botany. It gives a concentrated account of the theory of botany,
under the obvious inXuence of Cesalpino’s, but without the latter’s proWtless
Aristotelian speculations... The whole exposition, with its concise, vigorous
sentences and its analyses of diVerent parts of the plant drawn up in tabular
form, is more reminiscent of Linnaeus’s work than that of any other of the

early botanists. Linnaeus, in fact, mentions Jung as his precursor as far
as the drawing up of rules for the description of Xowers is concerned and
actually took up the characteristic description of plant­organs at the point
where Jung had Wnished and certainly brought it up to a far higher standard.’
(Nordenskiöld pp. 194–95).
The edition also includes Giuseppe degli Aromatari’s letter on the
germination of plants from seeds.
Jungius’ published works were based on transcripts of lectures, edited
shortly after his death and annotated by his students Martin Fogel and
Johann Vaget. Presumably the rarity of the earlier publications meant that
McLean Evans could only obtain the Opuscula to represent Jungius’ ‘epochal
achievement’, and Dibner as his ‘herald’.
Julius von Sachs, trs.Henry E. F. Garnsey, History of Botany (1890) pp. 58–63;
Erik Nordenskiöld, trs. Leonard Bucknall Eyre, The History of Biology (1928); A.
G. Morton, History of Botanical Science (1981) pp. 167–75.
105
KEPLER, Johannes (1571–1630)
Ad vitellionem paralipomena, quibus astronomiae pars optica
traditur; potissimùm de artiWciosa observatione et aestimatione
diametrorum diliquiorumq[ue]; solis & lunae cum examplis insignium
eclipsium.
Frankfurt: apud Claudium Marnium & Haeredes Ioannis Aubrii, 1604.
4to: )( 4 (:) 4 A–3M4 3N2 , 242 leaves, pp. [16] 449 [19] (last page blank).
Woodcut illustrations in the text. without the engraved plate, its
accompanying letterpress leaf and 2 printed tables.
209 x 167. Most gatherings very severely browned, though a few
unaVected.
Binding: Contemporary vellum over thin boards. Spine cracked.
Provenance: Ownership inscription ‘Dr Paolo Anto.: Parense [?] in
Collo Clemo.: 7 Giugno 1709[?]’, on title.
First edition. Caspar 18; Becker 216; Albert, Norton and Huertes 12261;
Vagnetti Aa5; British Optical Association catalogue, I, p. 112.
Kepler’s Wrst book on optics in which he clearly deWned the concept of the
light ray, the foundation of modern geometrical optics. He applied the idea
to the optics of the eye, showing for the Wrst time that the image is formed on
the retina, introducing the expression ‘pencil of light’, with the connotation
that the light rays draw the image on the retina. At Wrst only intended to be
an appendix to Witelo (‘Ad Vitellionem paralipomena’), Kepler made the
work into a major part of his astronomical programme, hence the subtitle
‘Astronomiae pars optica’, the title by which Kepler usually referred to it.
The six astronomical chapters discuss parallax, astronomical refraction and
eclipse instruments, as well as the apparent size of the sun. Soon after this,
Kepler applied his theories to the principles of the telescope in his Dioptrice
of 1611. (See Owen Gingerich in DSB, 7:298–9.)
This copy lacks all the inserted leaves, an engraved plate of the parts of

the eye with an accompanying leaf of letterpress and two folding letterpress
tables. It does not appear that they were ever present. The paper on which
the book is printed is subject to browning, though some copies have fared
worse than others. This copy is particularly heavily browned, some pages a
uniform dark coVee colour, though some gatherings are very clean, presumbly
printed on a diVerent batch of paper.
106
KEPLER, Johannes (1571–1630)
De stella nova in pede serpentarii et qui sub ejus exortum de novo
iniit; trigono igneo... Accesserunt I. De stella incognita cygni: narratio
astronomica. II. De Jesu Christi servatoris vero anno natalito.
Prague: Pragae ex oYcina calcographica Pauli Sessi. Anno M. DC.VI,
1606.
4to: )?( 6 A–2C4 , 2D2 ; 2A–E4 (blank E4), 132 leaves, pp. [12], 212;
35 [5] including the terminal blank. Woodcut device on title, 11 text
woodcuts.
1 folding engraved plate.
210 x 158mm. The majority of gatherings lightly browned.
Binding: Eighteenth­century vellum boards, red page edges. Spine
soiled.
Provenance: Partially erased inscription on free endleaf; Signet Library,
Edinburgh with gilt arms on sides.
First edition. Caspar 27; Zinner 4097; Lalande p. 145.
The new star was a supernova, visible to the naked eye,
discovered on 9 Oct ober 1609. Because of Kepler’s
account of it in this book it has been called Kepler’s
Nova. Kepler Wrst saw it on 17 October and began a
systematic study, inspired by Tycho Brahe’s work on
the 1672 supernova. The engraved star chart showing
the position of the new object is based on Bayer’s atlas
of 1604. Kepler’s Nova is the last supernova to have
been observed in our own galaxy.
Kepler Wrst described the supernova in an 8­page
pamphlet. The present work is a more extensive
collection of observations together, as the subtitle
announces, with ‘astronomical, physical, metaphysical,
meteorological and astrological discussions, glorious
and unusual’. Owen Gingerich considers it ‘a monument
of its time but the least signiWcant of Kepler’s
major works. It broke no new astronomical ground,
although twentieth­century astronomers have preferred
its faithful descriptions over numerous other accounts
when searching the literature to help distinguish
supernovae from ordinary novae.’ (DSB 7:298a.)

107
KEPLER, Johannes (1571–1630)
Dissertatio cum nuncio sidereo nuper ad mortales misso.
Florence: Florentiae, Apud Io. Antonium Can[a]eum. Superiorum
permissu, 1610.
4to: A–E4 , V. [4], 13, [3], woodcut initials, typographic headpieces and
other decorations.
202 x 145mm. Extracted from a tract volume with the original foliation
scratched out and replaced by a manuscript foliation starting at f. 54,
now in turn partially erased; light paper discolouration but a fresh copy.
Binding: Recent boards.
Provenance: Contemporary or early marginalia posing a series of
questions.
Second edition (Wrst Prague 1610). Caspar 35.
Kepler received Galileo’s Sidereus nuncius, (Starry Messenger) describing
his telescopic discoveries, on 8 April 1610. Via the Tuscan ambassador in
Prague, Galileo requested a response to his book and Kepler quickly provided
a long letter of approval, published in the present work, the ‘Conversation
with the Starry Messenger’, Wrst published at Prague. ‘[I]n accepting the
new observations with enthusiasm, [Kepler] also reminded his readers of
the earlier history of the telescope, his own work on optics, his ideas on the
regular solids and on possible inhabitants of the moon, and his arguments
against an inWnite universe.’ (Owen Gingerich, DSB 7: 299a.)
The Sidereus nuncius was published at Venice in 1610, the Dissertatio cum
nuncio sidereo at Prague in the same year, quickly reprinted at Florence.
Perhaps it is no coincidence that Galileo had himself returned to Florence in
this year to take up the post of mathematician and philosopher to the grand
duke of Tuscany, having resigned his chair at Padua.
108
KEPLER, Johannes (1571–1630)
Prodromus dissertationum cosmographicarum, continens
Mysterium Cosmographicum de admirabili proportione orbium
coelestium: deque causis coelorum numeri, magnitudinis, motuumque
periodicorum genuinis & propriis, demonstratum per quinque regularia
corpora goemetrica... Addita est erudita Narratio M. Georgii Ioachimi
Rhetici, de Libris Revolutionum... Item, eiusdem Ioannis Kepleri pro
suo opere Harmonices Mundi apologia adversus demonstrationem
analyticam Cl. V. D. Roberti de Fluctibus.
Frankfurt: recusus typis Erasmi Kempferi, sumptibus Godefridi Tampachii,
1621.
Folio: ):( 4 A–V 4 ; a–e 4 f 6 (–f6, blank), 109 of 110 leaves, pp. [8] 163
[1] (last page blank); 50. Woodcut initials, woodcut diagrams in the

text; separate titlepages to the Rheticus dated 1621 (but the register
and pagination continuous) and to the ‘Apologia’, dated 1622 with
large woodcut printer’s device (on a1, starting the second register and
pagination sequence).
5 folding engraved plates. 1 engraving signed Chirstophorus Leibfried.
V. Tübing: 1597’ (at p. 26) and 4 woodcuts with letterpress headings
and captions (2 at p. 18 and at pp. 54 and 56).
318 x 197mm. Worm holes and tracks in the upper and lower margins,
not aVecting the text but touching a few lines and letters in the last
two plates; quite heavy waterstaining throughout.
Binding: Contemporary British blind­ruled calf, old rebacking with
most of the original spine preserved. Endleaves at front and back
removed.
Provenance: Nineteenth­century Inscription ‘Dupplin Castle R. 175.10’
and shelf mark ‘H. C.31’ scored out and replaced with ‘H. 7.3.’
Dupplin Castle is a mansion house in Strathearn, Perth and Kinross,
built in 1828–32 to replace an earlier castle destroyed by Wre, the seat
of the Hay Earls of Kinnoull. The mansion later became the home
of the Perth whisky baron John Dewar, Lord Forteviot (1856–1929).
Inscribed ‘Bernard Pagel MCMLVII’ in Walter Pagel’s hand.
Second, enlarged edition of ‘Mysterium Cosmographicum’
(Wrst 1596), containing, as in the Wrst edition, a reprint of
Rheticus Narratio prima (Wrst 1540), and issued with the
Wrst edition of Kepler’s Pro suo Opere Harmonices Mundia
apologia. Caspar 67 and 68.
Kepler’s Wrst book, usually referred to as ‘Mysterium Cosmographicum’
is a Copernican treatise which set the course for
his life’s work. It contains his theory that the orbit of each of
the Wve planets is determined by the circumference of the Wve
platonic solids nested one inside the other. This is illustrated in
the famous engraved plate.
As well as Kepler’s own introductory chapter expounding
and defending the Copernican theory, the book contains a
reprint of Rheticus’ Naratio prima, the Wrst announcement
of the Copernican theory, Wrst published in 1540, before De
revolutionibus in 1543. This second edition contains Kepler’s
additional notes reXecting the development of his thinking in
the intervening 25 years. Also appended is the Wrst edition of
Kepler’s response to attacks by Robert Fludd on his Harmonices
mundi of 1619.
The illustration of the nested solids is a Wne engraving, copied
in reverse from the engraving that appeared in the Wrst edition
of 1596, and still bearing the date 1597 (it is not clear why the
engraving was dated a year after the date on the titlepage of
the book).
‘Quixotic or chimerical as Kepler’s polyhedrons may appear
today, we must remember the revolutionary context in which
they were proposed. The Mysterium cosmographicum was

essentially the Wrst unabashedly Copernican treatise since De revolutionibus
itself; without a sun­centered universe the entire rationale of his book would
have collapsed... After announcing his celebrated nest of spheres and regular
solids, which to him explained the spacing of the planets, he turned to the
search for the basic cause of the regularities in the periods... Although
the principal idea of the Mysterium cosmographicum was erroneous, Kepler
established himself as the Wrst, and until Descartes the only, scientist to
demand physical explanations for celestial phenomena. Seldom in history has
so wrong a book been so seminal in directing the future course of science.’
(Owen Gingerich, DSB, 7: 291–3.)
109
KHuNRATH, Heinrich (1560–1605)
Amphitheatrum sapientiae aeternae solius verae Christianokabalisticum
divino­magicum, nec non physico­chymicum tertriunum,
catholicon.
Hanau: [colophon:] Hanoviae excudebat Guilielmus Antonius, 1609.
Folio: a–g4 h2 A–2E4 , 142 leaves, pp. 60 222 [2].
Engraved title, portrait, 9 double page engraved plates and 2 double
page letterpress tables. The plates comprise 5 fully engraved plates
and 4 with central circular images. without the ‘owl plate’ (a
small image of Khunrath’s device of a bespectacled owl with his motto
below).
304 x 195mm. Moderate browning throughout, washed and pressed
and the paper of the engraved title and portrait somewhat brittle
and slightly chipped in the margins, short tears in the folds of the
doublepage plates which are mounted on stubs.
Binding: Nineteenth­century Russia, gilt ruled sides, gilt spine,
marbled endleaves. upper joint cracked and weak, spine ends
chipped, spine and corners worn.
Provenance: Early inscription on title washed out and largely illegible;
inscription on endleaf ‘Ex libris M. Joh. Georgii von Zubern,
Argentinensis, 1772’; engraved bookplate of Henry B. H. Beaufoy,
FRS (either H. Beaufoy, FRS 1782 or Henry Beaufoy, FRS 1815);
Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on endleaf.
Second, much enlarged edition (Wrst, Hamburg?, 1595). Also issued
with Magdeburg, 1608 and Frankfurt 1653 letterpress titlepages; a
French translation was published in 1898. Wellcome 3560; Krivatsy
6371; Duveen, Supplement 195; Ferguson I, p. 463; Manly Hall
Collection 90; Caillet 5748.
‘This is one of the most important books in the whole literature of theosophical
alchemy and the occult sciences’ (Duveen, Bibliotheca Chemica, p. 319).
‘The tension between spirituality and experiment, and the rich symbolism
of Khunrath’s writings and their engravings brought condemnation of the
book by the Sorbonne in 1625, and now attracts attention from scholars’.
(university of Wisconsin–Madison website, url below.)

In Thorndike’s opinion, the Amphitheatrum should
be classed as a work of unqualiWed magic, rather than
natural magic, and he says grumpily that it is ‘written in
a ranting tone of turgid rhetoric with much theosophic
pretense and religious patter’. However, he concedes that
Khunrath ‘lauds physico-Chemia... a rather noteworthy sign
that physics and chemistry were coming into their own in
the thought of the time – even in the muddiest and most
stagnant and most occult thought’. (Thorndike VII, pp.
273–4.)
The Wrst edition is only ‘a brief preliminary sketch
or draught’ (Thorndike p. 274) and is known in only
three copies. It is an oblong folio of 24 pages with four
circular plates with extensive engraved texts surrounding
the images. These four plates are re­used in this second
edition, but cut down, removing the text round the images.
For images of Duveen’s coloured copy of the Wrst edition
at the universtiy of Wisconsin–Madison, see the web pages
cited below.
The rest of the plates in this edition are new. In addition
to the large allegorical plates, some copies have a Wnal plate
with a small engraving of a bespectacled owl with torches
and candles above Khunrath’s motto, ‘Was helVn Fakeln,
Licht oder Briln, so die Leut nicht sehen wollen?’ (What
good are torches, light, or spectacles, to those who will not see?). This is not
always present and is lacking, for example, in the Prince Lichtenstein copy
in the Duveen collection.
The plates were evidently completed and dated in 1602 and the same date
appears at the end of the text. Khunrath died in 1605 and from the colophon
we know that printing was completed in 1609. Rather confusingly another
issue has a printed title with an earlier imprint ‘Magdeburgi, apud Levinum
Braunss Bibliopolam, 1608’, perhaps in reality a simultaneous issue. (The
present issue, without a printed titlepage but dated 1609 from the colophon,
and the Magdeburg 1608 issue are often treated as diVerent editions, for
example on the otherwise excellent university of Wisconsin–Madison web
pages). The book was issued again with a new titlepage at Frankfurt in 1653.
Though this publishing history seems straightforward enough (once one
eliminates the plethora of spurious editions cited and dismissed by Ferguson),
umberto Eco has written on the ‘enigma’ of the 1609 Amphitheatrum, but I
have not seen his essay.
Denis Duveen, ‘Notes on Some Alchemical Books (Reusner, Khunrath,
Kertzenmacher)’, The Library, 5th Series, I (1947) 56–61; Georgen Gilliam,
‘Khunrath’s Amphitheatrum sapientiae aeternae, universtiy of Wisconsin–Madison,
http://specialcollections.library.wisc.edu/khunrath/index.html; umberto Ecco,
L’énigme de la Hanau 1609: enquête bio-bibliographique sur “l’Amphithéâtre de
l’éternelle sapience” de Heinrich Khunrath, suivie des 12 planches de l’Amphitheatrum
[translated from Italian by A. Périfano], Paris, 1990.

110
KIRCHWEGER, Anton Joseph (d. 1746)
Aurea catena Homeri. Oder: Eine Beschreibung von dem ursprung
der natur und natürlichen dingen.
Frankfurt: Verlegts johann Georg Böhme, 1723.
8vo: p2 )( 4 A–N8 O6 (O4+1) P–2E8 (blanks 2E7,8) 229 leaves, pp. [12]
212 [5] 217–221 225–404 [44] (including the blanks). A printed table
on O4r is wider than the standard page and the leaf is folded in. Halftitle
with alchemical symbols facing titlepage, both in red and black.
1 folding symbolic engraving (bound facing half­title).
168 x 100mm.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Soiled and edges worn.
Provenance: Library stamp on title of the Gymnasium Bibliotheque,
Hildburghausen.
First edition of parts 1 and 2, further
editions of which were published in 1728,
1738 and 1781; a third part, possibly
spurious, was published in 1726 with
later editions in 1727 and 1770; another
version of the third part, more likely to be
authentic, was included in the 1757 edition
(see the long bibliographical note in the
Wellcome Catalogue). Wellcome III, p.
396; Duveen 323.
The Wrst part deals with the generation of matter
(animal, vegetable and mineral); the second
part covers decomposition. A third part, not
present here, dealing with the transmutation
of metals was published separately.
Ferguson was not certain of Kerchweger’s
authorship, but the Wellcome catalogue
points out that he claims it as his own in
his Microscopium B. Valentini (1790). The cataloguer therefore accepted
Kirchweger as the author of the present publication, but only of the second
published version (1757) of the third part.
111
KIRWAN, Richard (1733–1812)
An essay on phlogiston, and the constitution of acids.
London: printed by J. Davis, for P. Elmsley, in the Strand, 1787.
8vo: [A] 2 B–K 8 L 2 c1, 77 leaves, pp. [4] 146 [2]. Errata on L2, verso
blank; c1, ‘Books lately published by the same Author’, verso blank.
230 x 140mm untrimmed. Some minor soiling and staining.
Binding: Original blue boards with cloth spine. Worn.

Provenance: Contemporary signature of Edmund Troutbeck on
pastedown and again on the title.
First edition. There is no colon after ‘London’ in the imprint, as in
Cole’s copy 2. Italian and French editions appeared in the following
year: Kirwan replied to the latter in his second edition, 1789. ESTC
T33332; Duveen p. 324; Cole 719; Neville I, p. 729; Blake p. 243;
Wellcome III, p. 398.
A famous book in the history of chemistry because it provoked the Wnal, and
decisive, battle in the chemical revolution. Kirwan’s Essay, regarded as the best
account of the phlogiston theory, was written to counter the new theories of
Lavoisier and others in Paris. But Lavoisier and the French chemists realised
that this provided them with a good opportunity to demonstrate the strength
of their new theory, and they replied with a translation into French by Mme
Lavoisier in which each section is followed by a lengthy refutation to which
Lavoisier and the other French chemists contributed. Kirwan replied to these
criticisms in the second edition of the Essay (1789), but the war was lost and
Kirwan abandoned phlogiston in 1791.
Though somewhat worn, this copy is in its original publisher’s boards,
unusual for this date in having a cloth spine.
112
KNOOR VON ROSENROTH, Christian, Freiherr (1636–1689)
Kabbala denudata seu doctrina Hebraeorum transcendentalis et
metaphysica atque thologica... Pars prima continet Locos Communes
Cabbalisticos... Pars secunda vero constat è Tractatibus variis, tam
didacticis, quam polemicis
–– Tomus Secundus: id est Liber Sohar restitutus... cui adjecta
Adumbratio Cabbalae Christianae ad captum Judaeorum.
Sulzbach and Frankfurt: [Tomus primus:] Sulzbaci, typis Abrahami
Lichtenthaleri; [Tomus secundus:] Francofurti, sumptibus Joannis Davidis
Zunnery. Typis Balthasar. Christoph. Wustii Sen. 1684; [Adumbratio:]
Francofurti ad Moenum, sumtu Johannis Davidis Zunneri, cassitero Joh.
Phil. Andreae, Anno M DC LXXXIV, 1677–1684.
2 volumes 4to: Vol. I. a–d 4 e 2 A–4Z 4 ; 2 A–2O 4 ; )( 4 3 A–2A 4 ; 4 A–H 4 ; 674
leaves, pp. [36] 740 (i.e. 736, 33–36 omitted); 312; [8] 192; [193]–255
[1] (last two parts bound in reverse order). Engraved title on a4
(bound before the printed titlepage); titlepage to parts 3 and 4 dated
1678 on )(1. Vol. II. p 2 A–4L 4 (blank 4L4); a–3o 4 ; (a)–(h) 4 (i) 2 , 596
leaves, pp. [4] 38 [2] 598 [2] (blanks); 478 (i.e. 480, 67–68 repeated);
70 (i.e 68, 57–58 omitted). Engraved chart on p2v; titlepage in red and
black; sectional titlepage with imprint dated 1684 on (a)1; some text in
Hebrew and Latin in parallel columns
17 engraved plates: numbered 1–16 in vol. I, pt. 4, all but no. 13
folding, interleaved with the text (directions to the binder on 4 H4v);
and an unnumbered folding plate in vol. II intended to be placed at p.
242 in part 2 but here bound at p. 478 or the second series.

196 x 152 and 208 x 172mm. Engraved title shaved at the foot and
frayed and slightly defective in the outer margin. Sig. 2G in Vol. I
part 1 slightly short and possibly inserted from another copy; some
gatherings of Vol. II parts 2 and 3 browned.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, yapp fore­edges. Joints of
Volume I sometime repaired; a little worn and soiled.
Provenance: Pencil annotations in the margins of vol. I; early owner’s
stamp of A. Fürst on free endleaves; embossed gold bookplate
‘Baphomet. Grand Master’ to which the following later inscription
may apply: ‘This book has been the property of [Greek, ‘omni’ ?], the
Rosicrucian Adept of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He has
been identiWed with the celebrated pret. (Aleister) Crowley; but this
is denied by some’ (for Crowley, author and occultist 1875–1947 see
ODNB; he was Grand Master of the British section of the Order of
Oriental Templars); inscription ‘W. G. J. Barter collated perfect 25/7
[18]67’; Walter Pagel’s signature and inscription ‘d.d.d. Bernardo E. J.
Pagel’ dated 1960 on pastedown.
First edition. Another issue of vol. I has ‘Prostat Francofurti apud
Zunnerum’ added to the imprint. Caillet 5815; M. Steinschneider,
Catalogus librorum Hebraeorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana, 6085.
This massive compilation is the major collection of cabbalistic treatises of
the period, and for Caillet in 1913 the most complete, exact and serious work
on the Cabbala to date. Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont collaborated
with Knorr and the work includes a contribution from Henry More and van
Helmont’s reply to it. Perhaps through his friendship with van Helmont,
Leibniz stayed with Knorr in 1688 and was very interested in cabbalism (see
Brown, op. cit. no. 90 above, pp. 102 and 112).
Volume I is in four parts, the Wrst two with separate sequences of pagination,
parts 3 and 4 in a single sequence and with a separate dated titlepage: Apparatus
in librum Sohar pars tertia & quarta, quarum prior est liber [Hebrew characters]
seu Porta coelorum... autore R. Abrahm Cohen Irira, Lusitano: è lingua Hispanica
primò in Hebraicam translatus, nunc in Latinam contractus... Solisbaci, typis
Abrahami Lichtenthaleri, 1678.
The titlepage to volume II is Kabbalae denudatae tomus secundus: id est liber
Sohar restitutus (1684) and there are three parts followed by a separate tract.
The three parts have sectional titles as follows: Pars prima ejusque Tractatus
primus: quae est Synopsis Celeberrimi illius Codicis Cabbalistici, qui vulgo dicitur
Liber Sohar, per novendecim titulos generales distrbuta, autore R. Jisaschar F.
Naphthali Sacerdote; Partis Secundae tractatus quartus qui est in Siphra de zeniutha
seu librum mysterii commentarius è manuscripto à R. Chajim Vital juxta tradita R.
Jezchak Lorja Germani edito latinate donatus... Nec non Commentarius alius...
scriptis R. Naphthali Hirtz F. Jacob Elchanam collectus & translatus; Partis tertiae
tractatus secundus pneumaticus, De Revolutionibus Animarum... ex Operibus R.
Jitzchak Lorjensis Germani Cabbalistarum Aquilae, latinate donatus. The Wnal
tract is Adumbratio Kabbalae Christianae, id est Syncatabasis Hebraizans, sive
Brevis applicatio doctrinae Hebraeorum Cabbalisticae ad dogmata novi foederis;
pro formanda hypothesi, ad conversionem Judaeorum proWcua.

113
KRONLAND, Johann Marcus Marci von (1595–1667)
Thaumantias: liber de arcu coelesti deque colorum
apparentium natura, ortu, et causis. In quo pellucidi optica fontes.
Prague: [colophon:] typis Academicis, 1648.
4to: A–2M4 (–2M4, presumed blank), 139 leaves, pp. [8] 268 [2].
Engraved title on A1r, engraved portrait on A4v and 44 engraved text
illustrations, the Wrst of chemical apparatus (p. 49), the rest diagramatic.
183 x 140mm. Titlepage browned and stained; some minor stains and
foxing to the text.
Binding: Early nineteenth­century half calf over blue boards.
Rebacked, corners worn.
Provenance: John Stuart, Wrst Marquess of Bute (1744–1814), without
the usual bookplate but with a note in Walter Pagel’s hand ‘from the
Marquess of Bute Sale, Sotheby’s 1961 (July) No. 340’.
First (only) edition.
An important forerunner of Newton, Kronland discovered the decomposition
of white light by refraction using a prism.
‘In his optical experiments, designed to explain the phenomenon of the
rainbow, Marci placed himself in the line of such Bohemian and Moravian
investigators as Kepler, Christophe Scheiner, Balthasar Konrád, and Melchior
Hanel. In his experiments on the decomposition of white light, for which
he employed prisms, Marci described the spectral colors and recorded that
each color corresponded to a speciWc refraction angle. He also stated that
the color of a ray is constant when it is again refracted through another
prism (Thaumantias... pp. 99–100). He did not mention the reconstitution
of the spectrum into white light (a result that is Wrst to be found in the work
of Newton), although he did study the “mixture” of colored rays.’ (Luboš
Novy, DSB 9:97a.)
114
KRONLAND, Johann Marcus Marci von (1595–1667)
Pan en panton [Greek], seu, Philosophia vetus restituta.
Prague: Typis Academicis, 1662.
4to: * – 4
** , 2
*** , A–4D4 , 306 leaves, pp. [28] 580 [4].
3 plates: engraved titlepage, portrait and 1 plate of diagrams.
191 x 151mm. Some gatherings browned but a Wne fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, green page edges.
Provenance: Inscription on title ‘Ex libris Adami Rudolph Francisci
Franck 1670’. Walter Pagel’s note on the pastedown, ‘P. 352 Harvey’s
visit to Marci at Prague in 1636’.
First edition. A second edition was published at Frankfurt in 1676.
Krivatsy 7425; OCLC 46084529.

This is the last work published in his lifetime by Marci of
Kronland, the most important Bohemian natural philosopher of
the scientiWc revolution, variously dubbed ‘the Bohemian Plato’,
‘the Bohemian Galileo’, and the ‘Hippocrates of Prague’. It sums
up his life’s work, in embryology, the philosophy of medi cine,
optics and mechanics. Marci ‘then at the height of his career
and – at 67 – having achieved European renown... reviewed in a
cross section through all parts of Natural Philosophy the current
opinions of his time against the background of ancient wisdom’
(Pagel 1967, p. 318). As well as the extensive sections on physics
and cosmology, Pagel has shown that the book is important for
Marci’s report of his meeting with Harvey (which Pagel was the
Wrst to notice) and his critique of Harvey’s theory of generation,
and discussion of his own theory, in several important points of
which Marci was Harvey’s unacknowledged precursor.
Harvey and Marci met when Harvey stayed in Prague in
1636, as physician to Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, in
the diplomatic mission sent by Charles I to negotiate with
the Emperor Ferdinand III. Marci was familiar with Harvey’s
discovery of the circulation for which he expresses great
admiration. Pagel writes that ‘Marci deserves a place in the Wrst
rank of the advocates of Epigenesis between Aristotle and Harvey
(Pagel 1967, p. 317). Marci’s most important, and well justiWed
criticism of Harvey, where the present work presents an advance
on Harvey’s thinking, was his rejection of Harvey’s state ment that
there was no actual union of semen and ovum, Harvey believing
in an ill deWned vital principle.
Pagel’s close study of Marci’s career and works, in particular in his relations
with Harvey, are hard to reconcile with Lubos Nový’s statement in DSB that
Marci was intellectually isolated from his contemporaries. On the contrary,
he was well informed, and at the end of his life both the Jesuits and the Royal
Society tried to recruit him as one of Europe’s leading natural philosophers
(Smolka p. 226; Pagel 1967 pp. 289–90: Nový, in 1970, was evidently unaware
of Pagel’s work).
Walter Pagel and P. Rattansi, ‘Harvey meets the “Hippocrates of Prague” (Johannes
Marcus Marci of Kronland)’, Medical History 8 (1964) 78–84; Walter Pagel,
William Harvey’s Biological Ideas (New York, 1967), pp. 286–323; Josef Smolka,
‘The ScientiWc Revolution in Bohemia’, in Roy Porter, ed. The ScientiWc Revolution
in National Context (Cambridge, 1992), pp. 210–239.
115
LAMARCK, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de (1744–1829)
Recherches sur l’organisation des corps vivants: et
particulièrement sur son origine... précédé du discours d’ouverture
du cours de zoologie donné dans le Muséum National d’Histoire
Naturelle, l’an X de la République.
Paris: chez l’auteur... [et] Maillard [no date in imprint], 1802.

8vo, pp. viii 216.
Folding letterpress table at p. 37, ‘Tableau du règne animal’.
190 x 120mm.
Binding: Contemporary half sheep, Xat gilt spine, resewn and recased,
new paper sides, new endleaves.
First edition. Wood, p. 425.
Lamarck’s second work on evolution. Lamarck’s evolutionary theory was
based on the inheritance of acquired characteristcs. Here he develops ideas
Wrst put forward in his Système des animaux sans vertèbres and for the Wrst
time proposes that spontaneous generation produces simple organism and
that unlimited time and varied circumstances produce all other organisms.
He deals brieXy with, and cautiously suggests that man was the result of the
same processes that had produced all other organisms. Lamarck’s third work
on evolution, Philiosophie zoologique (1809, below), is an expanded version of
the present work, the most important additions being the third part in which
he deals with the emergence of higher mental faculties (Leslie J. Burlingame,
DSB 7:589–592).
Largely ignored after his death, Lamarck’s work came to prominence
again through disputes between Larmarckians and Darwinians – as Leslie
Burlingame puts it, ‘it was really Darwin’s theory of evolution which ensured
Lamarck’s fame’ (op. cit. p. 593a).
116
LAMARCK, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de (1744–1829)
Philosophie zoologique, ou exposition des considérations relatives à
l’histoire naturelle des animaux.
Paris, chez Dentu ... [et] l’autur, 1809.
2 volumes 8vo, pp. [2] xxv [1, blank] 428; [2] 175 [1, blank]. Lacking
the half­titles.
202 x 130mm. Some light foxing.
Binding: Recent half calf with old spines laid down.
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature on pastedown.
First edition. Garrison–Morton 216; Sparrow, Milestones of Science 121;
Norman Library 1267.
‘This work is the best­known and most extensive presentation of Lamarck’s
theory of evolution. An expanded version of the 1802 Recherches, it is divided
into three sections. The Wrst is a more elaborate analysis of the evidence
for increasing levels of “complication” observed in the major classiWcatory
groupings of animals and plants... In the second part... Lamarck developed
his views on the physical nature of life, its spontaneous production resulting
in simple cellular tissue, and its characteristics at the simplest level... The
third part contains the most important additions to the earlier theories. In
this section Lamarck deals in great detail with the problem of a physical
explanation for the emergence of the higher mental faculties.’ (Leslie J.
Burlingame, DSB 7: 590–91.)

117
LAMBSPRINCK
De lapide philosophico e Germanico versu Latine redditus, per
Nicolaum Barnaudum.
Frankfurt: sumptibus Lucae Jennis I., 1625.
4to: A–D4 E2 , 18 leaves, pp. 35 [1] (last page blank). 16 emblematic
engravings (14 x 15mm), the Wrst on the titlepage, and an engraved
coat of arms on A2r.
186 x 147mm. Titlepage dustsoiled, otherwise a clean copy with strong
impressions of the plates.
Binding: Recent quarter calf.
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature dated 1951 on free endleaf.
First edition, the last part only of Musaeum hermeticum (1625), a second,
enlarged edition of which was printed in 1678 and again in 1749; an
English translation appeared in 1893. See Caillet 7890, Duveen p. 418.
A series of Wnely engraved emblems on the philospher’s stone. This is the
last of the 9 alchemical treatises published as Musaeum hermeticum. The Wrst
8 tracts of the Museum have continuous pagination and register, only the
Lambsprinck is separately paginated, and it has a full titlepage with imprint
so may have been issued separately as well as in the Musaeum.
118
LARREY, Dominique Jean (1766–1842)
Mémoires de chirurgie militaire, et campagnes.
Paris: chez J. Smith... et chez F. Buisson... de l’imprimerie de J. H. Stône
[vol. IV:] chez J. Smith... et Gide, 1812–17.
4 volumes 8vo, pp. [iii–xxviii] 382; [2] 512 (cancels 347/8, 425/6); [2]
499 (pp. 273/4 omitted from the pagination, cancel 235/6); [2] 500
(pp. 479–480 omitted, cancel 3/4). Lacking the half­titles.
17 engraved plates, numbered I–XI, 1–6, pl. 2 signed ‘Dr. Sarlandière
del. Plée sc.’ (plates 1 and 2 folding).
[bound uniformly with:]
Recueil de mémoires de chirurgie.
Paris: chez compère Jeune, 1821.
8vo, pp. [iii]–xvi 319 [1]; 3 leaves of explanation of the plates printed
on rectos only; [1] errata (verso blank); [1] advertisement. Lacking the
half title.
4 engraved plates, numbered 1–4, signed ‘D. A. Duponchel del.’, the
last printed in colours.
195 x 1200mm. Some light foxing, light waterstain in vol. 3, clean tears
in two leaves in vol. 1 repaired; rust hole in pp. 31/2 in the Recueil.
Binding: Contemporary half calf over marbled boards. Rubbed.

Provenance: Steeven’s Hospital Medical and Surgical Library with
large oval library stamps dated 1813 on titles, several other text pages
and plate versos.
First editions, Wrst issues. Later issues of vols I and II have the prelims
reset with the same imprint as vol. IV. Mémoires: Garrison–Morton
2160; Wellcome III, p. 451; Norman Library 1280; Recueil: Norman
Library 1281.
The most important work on military surgery after Paré. Larrey recounts
his service in North America as chief surgeon on the frigate Vigilante, and in
Napoleon’s army. These are the four volumes of the original Mémoires together
with the Recueil, detailing research undertaken to verify treatments established
during the campaigns. A further volume describing campaigns from 1815 to
1840 was published in 1841, Relation médicale de campagnes et voyages, de 1815
à 1840, usually catalogued as a separate work.
‘Larrey was the greatest military surgeon in history. Of him Napoleon
said: “C’est l’homme le plus vertueux que j’ai connu”. He was present at
all Napoleon’s great battles and one of the few who stood by him on his
abdication, and was waiting for him on his return in 1815. Larrey was one of
the Wrst to amputate at the hip­joint, the Wrst to describe the therapeutic eVect
of maggots on wounds, gave the Wrst description of “trench foot”, invented
the “ambulante volonte”, used advanced Wrst­aid posts on the battleWeld,
and devised several new operations. He was familiar with the stomach tube,
with débridement, and with the infectious nature of granular conjunctivitis.
He was a kindly man, who devoted much of his life to the well­being of
the soldiers, among whom not even Napoleon commanded more love and
respect.’ (Garrison–Morton.)
119
LEIBNIZ, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von (1646–1716)
Hypothesis Physica Nova qua phaenomenorum naturae
plerorumque causae ab unico quodam universali motu, in globo
nostro supposito, neque Tychonicis, neque Copernicanis aspernando,
repetuntur. Nec non theoria motus abstracti.
Lonndon: impensis J. Martyn, Regiae Societatis typographi, ad insigne
campanae in coemeterio divi Pauli, 1671.
12mo: A 8 (+/–A2) B–D 8 E 6 (–E6 presumed blank), 53 leaves, pp. 74,
30. The bifolium C1.12 is a folding leaf paginated 49/50 and bound as
C1 (thus there appears to be no C12 and there are 104 instead of 106
pages). Divisional title ‘Theoria motus abstracti’ on D3r.
141 x 72mm. Clean tears in blank margin of title and into the text of
D4. Some soiling and light discolouration.
Binding: Recent quarter calf.
Provenance: Sion College Library with library stamps on verso of title
and D3v, the former with release stamp. Walter Pagel’s signature,
undated, on pastedown.

Second edition (Wrst printed at Mainz in the same year). Advertised in
the Trinity Term Catalogue (June–July) priced at 7d bound (T.C. I,
81–2). Wing L962; ESTC R11467; Ravier 15.
‘After reading the papers of Huygens and Wren on collision and the
Elementorum philosophiae of Hobbes, Leibniz composed his Hypothesis physica
nova... [The second part] Theoria motus abstracti oVers a rational theory of
motion whose axiomatic foundation... was inspired by the indivisibles of
Cavalieri and the notion of conatus proposed by Hobbes. Both the word conatus
and the mechanical idea were taken from Hobbes, while the mathematical
reasoning was derived from Cavalieri. After his invention of the calculus,
Leibniz was able to replace Cavalieri’s indivisbles by diVerentials and this
enabled him to apply his theory of conatus to the solution of dynamical
problems... Leibniz’ doctrine of conatus, in which a body is conceived as a
momentary mind, that is, a mind without memory, may be regarded as a Wrst
sketch of the philosophy of monads... Mathematically, conatus represents for
Leibniz accelerative force in the Newtonian sense, so that, by summing an
inWnity of conatuses (that is by integration), the eVect of a continuous force can
be measured. Examples of conatus given by Leibniz are centrifugal force and
what he called the solicitation of gravity. Further clariWcations of the concept
of conatus are given in the Essay de dynamique and Specimen dynamicum, where
conatus is compared with the static force of vis motua in contrast to vis viva,
which is produced by an inWnity of impressions of vis mortua.’ (Joseph E.
Hofman, DSB 8:151–2.)
Leibniz sent the Wrst part of the Mainz edition to Oldenburg on 11 March
1671 and his covering letter and the dedication to the Royal Society were read
at a meeting on 23 March 1671. Boyle, Wallis, Wren and Hooke were asked
to ‘peruse and consider’ the book and report back. Only Wallis and Hooke’s
reports were recorded at subsequent meetings: Wallis approved, Hooke,
characteristically, ‘was not satisWed with it’. The second part (dedicated to
the French Academy) was not sent to Oldenburg until 9 April.
The London edition was available by June or July – printed by the Royal
Society’s printer, but not under the Society’s imprimatur – and announced
by Oldenburg in the Philosophical transactions on 17 July (no. 73, pp. 2213–4).
Wallis’s reviews of each part were printed in later issues. Leibniz was elected
a Fellow of the Royal Society two years later in 1673.
Heinekamp, Albert, ed. 300 Jahre “Nova methodus” von G.W. Leibniz (1684-
1984): Symposion der Leibniz-Gesellschaft im Congresscentrum “Leewenhorst” in
Noordwijkerhout (Niederlande), 28. bis 30. August 1984 (Stuttgart 1986).
120
LEIBNIZ, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von (1646–1716)
Nova methodus pro maximis & minimis, itemque tangentibus,
quae nec fractas, nec irrationales quantitates moratur, & singulare pro
illis calculi genus.
[with other papers by Leibniz, in a volume containing Acta Eruditorum
Vols III and IV].
Leipzig: J. Grossium & J.F. Gletitschium, 1684.

4to: Leibniz, ‘Nova methodus’: pp. 467–473 and Tab XII, in Acta
eruditorum vol. III, 1684: A4 (A1+)o( 4 ) B–4F4 , pp. [10] 591 [16]. 14
plates, several folding. Engraving printed on p. 93 and a few woodcut
diagrams in the text.
[Bound with:]
Acta eruditorum vol. IV, 1685: A4 (A1+p2 ) B–4I4 , pp. [6] 595 [16]. 15
engraved plates. A few woodcut diagrams in the text. A few woodcut
diagrams.
295 x 157mm. Light paper discolouration, less pronounced than usual.
Good fresh copies.
Binding: Contemporary sheep, gilt spine, red and green sprinkled
edges. Heavily rubbed and corners worn but a good sound binding.
Provenance: A few contemporary annotations and some underlining
(not in the Leibniz papers).
First edition. Ravier 90; McLean Evans, Epochal achievements 7; Dibner,
Heralds of Science 109; Horblit, One Hundred Books Famous in Science 66a;
Printing and the Mind of Man 160; Sparrow, Milestones of Science 130.
One of the deWning moments of the scientiWc revolution, the Wrst published
exposition of the calculus. As early as 1669 Newton had independently invented
the calculus of Xuxions, but had not published anything and the dispute over
priority of invention led to one of the most famous controversies in the history
of science. Newton’s supporters claimed that Leibniz knew of Newton’s earlier
work and adapted it, but it is now accepted that his invention was independent,
though later. Leibniz’s calculus was in fact more powerful than Newton’s,
giving continental mathematicians a leading position throughout the eighteenth
century. Newtonian calculus was not Wnally abandoned in England
until Babbage, Herschel and Peacock conducted a successful campaign to
introduce Leibnizian or continental notation in the 1820s.
The seminal paper is here contained in a volume containing two annual
volumes of the journal, together with a tract on numismatics (see below),
making a rather thick volume.
The volume contains the following papers by Leibniz:
‘De dimensionibus Wgurarum inveniendis.’ Volume III (1684) pp. 233–236.
Ravier 88.
‘Demonstrationes novae de resistentia solidorum.’ Volume III (1684) pp.
319–325 and plate 9. Ravier 89.
‘Nova methodus pro maximis et minimis.’ Volume III (1684) pp. 467–473
and plate 12. Ravier 90.
‘Mediatione de congnitione, verite et Ideis’ Volume III (1684) pp. 537–542.
Ravier 91.
‘Additio ad schedam in Actis proxime antecedentis Maii pag. 233 editam,
De dimensionibus curvilineorum.’ Volume III pp. 585–587. Ravier 92.
‘Demonstratio geometrica regulae apud staticos receptae de momentis
gravium.’ Volume IV pp. 501–505 and plate 13. Ravier 93.
At the end of the volume is bound:

FELLER, Joachim, 1628–1691.
Vindiciæ, adversus Johann. Henrici Eggelingii iniquissimam
insulsissimamque Censuram, ut vocat, censuræ mysteriorum
Cereris et Bacchi: nec non disquisitionis epistolicæ De numismatibus
quibusdam, quæ pro Neronianis ille venditat
Leipzig: Apud Joh. Frid. Gleditschium, literis viduæ Christiani
Michaelis, 1685.
4to: p1 A–G4 (–G1), 28 leaves, pp. [2] 54. 2 engraved plates.
Feller responds to an attack by Johann Heinrich Eggeling (1639–1713) in
Mysteria Cereris et Bacchi.
121
LIBAVIuS, Andreas (1555–1616)
Defensio et declaratio perspicua alchymiae transmutatoriae,
opposita Nicolaei Guiberti Lotharingi... expugnationi virili: et Gastonis
Clavei... Apologiae contra Erastum malè sartae & pravae.
Oberursel: ex oYcina Cornelii Sutorii: sumtibus Petri KopYi Bibliopolae,
1604.
8vo: A–3A4 (blank 3A4 ), 372 leaves, pp. [24] 694 [26] (last 2 blank).
160 x 92mm. Old inscriptions on title scored out and paper corroded
by ink, leaving holes in blank areas; pp. 200–204 crossed through and
corroded by ink with loss of several letters; most gatherings heavily
browned, though a few unaVected.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Back broken, lower joint
cracked and a few leaves coming loose.
Provenance: Early inscriptions on title scored through and illegible,
except the date, 1666, and pp. 200–204 crosed out (large X over the
text, not obscuring anything).
First edition. VD17 12:655902X.
‘A logical defence of alchemy of some interest’ according to Partington.
It is a reply to Nicolas Guibert, ‘Libavius’s most redoubtable opponent...
a Werce opponent of alchemy’. Partington gives a cryptic list of the most
important topics as follows: ‘the “transmutation” of plants (p. 88); the
Tabula Smaragdina known to Albertus Magnus (p. 177); Avicenna’s Alchemy
genuine (p. 186); the conversion of iron into copper a real transmutation
(pp. 216–82); argyrogonia and chrysogonia, vim argentiWcam & aruiWcam
dicit inesse seminibus suis (p. 553); de vi auriWca & argentiWca (p. 553); de
mixtione (p. 587)’ (Partington II, pp. 268 and 252).
122
LIBAVIuS, Andreas (1555–1616)
Alchymia triumphans de injusta in se collegii Galenici spurii in
academia Parisiensi censura; et Ioannis Riolani maniographia, falsi

convicta, & funditus eversa. Opus hermeticum, vere didacticum...
De quinta essentia magno perfectoque lapidis magisterio... diligenta
elaboratem.
Frankfurt: ex oYcina typographica Ioannis Saurii impensis Petri KopY,
1607.
8vo: A–3M8 (blank 3M8), 468 leaves, pp. 926 [2] (last 2 pages blank).
153 x 96mm. Severely browned and paper brittle with several short
marginal tears; small worm holes aVecting individual letters.
Binding: Eighteenth­century vellum boards, early MS lettering on
upper page edges.
First edition. Wellcome 3777; Duveen p. 357.
A reply to the attacks of the Paris Academy of Medicine, instigated by Riolan,
after the publication of Libavius’ Alchymia recognita, emendata et aucta, (1606).
Duveen calls it ‘a splendid defence of alchemy.’
‘Libavius was... involved in the conXict between, on one side, the French
Calvinist–Paracelsists Joseph Duchesne and Israel Harvet – whom he supported
– and, on the other, the Galenist Catholic professor of medicine of
the university of Paris, Jean Riolan. To an aggressive pamphlet by Riolan,
Libavius replied with the 926 page Alchymia triumphans (1607), demonstrating
point by point the ignorance of his adversary.’ (Wlodzimierz Hubicki, DSB
8:310a.)
123
LIBAVIuS, Andreas (1555–1616)
De universitate, et originibus rerum conditarum contemplatio
singularis, theologica, et philosophica, iuxta historiam Hexaëmeri
Mosaici in Genesi propositam instituta, et in VII. libros distributa.
Frankfurt: excudabatur typis Ioannis Saurii, impensis Petri KopYi,
bibliopolae, 1610.
4to: A–5D4 (blank 5D4), pp. [12] 742 [14] (last two pages blank).
Title within a woodcut border.
200 x 160mm. Light browning.
Binding: Contemporary vellum, recently rebacked in morocco.
Provenance: Inscription on title, ‘Casparii PfaVe[?] 1612 [...]’; library
stamp, cancelled, of the university of Helmstedt on verso of title.
Inscribed ‘Walter and Magda Pagel’ on pastedown.
First edition. Another issue or edition was published by KopV in 1620.
VD17 39:119916C.
One of Libavius rarer works. Partington summarises the contents as follows:
‘Deals with six days of Creation; pillars of Seth (p. 32); aqua sicca=mercury
(p. 216); transmutation of plants (p. 268); rejects the divining rod (p. 350, de
Virgula divina theses, mentioning Agricola); rejects astrology (pp. 361, 401);
accepts the barnacle goose (p. 533)’ (Partington I, pp. 251–2).

124
LIBAVIuS, Andreas (1555–1616)
Wolmeinendes Bedenken von der Fama unnd Confession der
Brüderschafft des Rose[n]­Creutzes.
Erfurt: bey Johann Röhbock, 1616.
8vo: A–T8 (blank T8), 152 leaves, pp. 294 [10] last 3 pages blank.
149 x 90mm. Moderate uniform browning, lighter in some gatherings,
a fresh copy.
Binding: Early twentieth­century polished roan, gilt emblem on upper
cover. Spine faded, spine ends and corners worn.
Provenance: Early underlining on a few pages; Manly P. Hall with his
emblem of a cross within a wreath of roses and laurel leaves stamped
on upper cover; ‘Colleg. pansophia [Greek] et fraternit. hermetica’.
First edition. VD17 23:671058R; Manly Hall Collection 96.
A late work (his last?), a criticism of the Rosicrucians. It is only mentioned in
passing by Partington (II, p. 245). Hall notes that ‘Gardner regards the book
as favorable to the Order and Waite regards it as critical of the Order’.
This copy was presumably bound for Manly Palmer Hall (1901–1990) as
it has his emblem in gilt on the upper board. The Canadian­born mystic was
the author of The Secret Teachings of all Ages (1927); Carl Jung, when writing
Psychology and Alchemy, borrowed material from Hall’s private collection.
The copy described in the catalogue of the Manly P. Hall collection, now at
the Philosophical Research Society in Los Angeles, founded by Hall in 1934,
is another copy, bound in a vellum manuscript leaf.
Manly P. Hall, ed. R. C. Hoggart, Alchemy: a comprehensive bibliography of the
Manly P. Hall Collection (1986).
125
LOVELL, Robert (1630?–1690)
Panzooryktologia [Greek]. Sive Panzoologicomineralogia. Or a
compleat history of animals and minerals, containing the summe of all
authors, both ancient and modern, Galenicall and chymicall, with the
anatomy of Man, his diseases... and use of the London dispensatory...
as also a history of minerals, viz. earths, mettals, semimettals, their
naturall and artiWciall excrements, salts, sulphurs, and stones, with
their place, matter, names, kinds, temperature, vertues, use, choice,
dose, danger, and antidotes.
Oxford: printed by [W. Hall and] Hen: Hall, for Jos: Godwin, 1661.
8vo: * 8 b–f 8 A–2I 8 2K 4 ; p 2 a–f 8 g 4 3A 8 (3A4+c1) 3B–3C 8 2 c1 (blank
p1), 396 leaves, pp. [112] 519 [1]; [4] 112 [2] 113–152 [2]. Title to part
2 on p2; the last leaf is a vertical half­title ‘Lovells history of animals
and minerals’ with instructions to the binder to place it in the second
part between pp. 112 and 113. Both full titles within Xeuron borders,
Xeuron headpieces, woodcut initials.

168 x 103mm.
Binding: Contemporary blind­ruled calf, rebacked. Corners worn.
First edition. The Thomason copy is annotated ‘Feb.’. Wing L3245, 6;
ESTC R30507; Madan III, 2562, 2561; Wellcome III, p. 552; Krivatsy
7150; Ward and Carozzi 1401; Neville II, p. 92.
In this encyclopedic work in two parts, on animals and on minerals,
Lovell completes his trilogy begun with his work on the plant kingdom,
Pambotanologia (1659). It ‘contains much of chemical, metallurgical, and
mineralogical interest’ (Neville).
126
LOWER, Richard (1631–1691)
Tractatus de corde. Item De motu & colore sanguinis, et chyli in
eum transitu.
Amsterdam: apud Danielem Elzevirium, 1669.
8vo: 8
* A–O8 P4 , 124 leaves, pp. [16] 132 (sigs N and O transposed in
this copy). Woodcut device on title.
7 engraved plates: numbered Tab. 1–7 (bound as throwouts at the end).
154 x92mm. Fore edges of several plates shaved.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, green sprinkled edges. Front
free endleaf removed.
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.
First Amsterdam edition (Wrst edition, London 1669). Fulton says this
was published ‘a few months after’ the London edition. Willems 1412;
Fulton, Lower and Mayow 6; Wellcome III, p. 552; Krivatsy 7158.
One of the great classics of medical literature, the Wrst major advance on
cardiac physiology since Harvey. Lower was the Wrst to demonstrate the
scroll­like structure of the cardiac muscle; he was the Wrst to transfuse blood;
and he observed that the bright red colour of arterial blood was due to the
absorption of air in the lungs.
This is the Amsterdam reprint which followed closely on the London
edition dated 1669, but possibly issued in 1668.
For the Wrst edition see Garrison–Morton 761; Printing and the Mind of Man 149;
LeFanu, Notable Medical Books in the Lilly Library p. 87.
127
MACH, Ernst (1838–1916)
Zwei populäre Vorlesungen über musikalische Akustik.
Gräz: Leuschner & Lubensky, 1865.
8vo, pp. 21 [1]. Line diagrams and musical examples in the text.
233 x 152mm.
Binding: Original printed wrappers. Margins chipped and discoloured.
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.

First edition. This was reprinted, under a slightly diVerent title, in
Populär-wissenschaftliche vorlesung (1896 and later editions), translated
into English as Popular scientiWc lectures (1895 and later editions).
128
MAIER, Michael (1568?–1622)
Arcana arcanissima, hoc est Hieroglyphica aegyptio­graeca, vulgo
necdum cognita, ad demonstrandam falsorum apud antiquos deorum,
dearum, heroum, animantium, & institutorum pro sacris receptorum.
[London]: [Thomas Creed], 1613?
4to: p2 (p1 + A4) B–2P4 2Q2 , 156, pp. [12] 285 [15]. Engraved title on
p1r, letterpress on verso, full page engraving on p2r, letterpress on verso.
181 x 135mm. Engraved title cut close and frayed at the foot; old repair
in upper margin of A1; sigs 2L and 2M on diVerent paper stock and
browned.
Binding: Contemporary or slightly later vellum boards, brown sprinkled
edges. Board edges chewed in a few places (by an insect or a rodent?),
soiled.
Provenance: Contemporary or early inscription on free endleaf ‘Joannes
Baptista Biliorius à Lucerna’; bookplate removed from pastedown.
Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.
First edition, undated issue with engraved title. Entered to Thomas Creed
in the Stationer’s Register 28 May 1613 and probably issued in that
year; another issue has a letterpress title dated 1614; a re­issue under
the title De hieroglyphicis Aegyptiorum is dated 1625 (see below). STC
17196.5; ESTC S111892; Duveen p. 380; Manly Hall Collection 98.
The Arcana arcanissima is an attempt to re­interpret Egyptian and Greek
mythology as a symbolic or mythic forerunner of alchemy. ‘Maier’s simple, if
extravagant, claim was that the whole of Egyptian and classical mythology was
merely an allegorical exposition of the alchemical process... In his Wrst work,
Arcana Arcanissima (The Most Secret of Secrets), published apparently in 1614,
the author seeks to show the deeper, more original meanings which lie behind
ancient myths... Throughout this extraordinary work the author is at pains
to reiterate that knowledge of every kind originated with the Egyptians, from
whom it passed to the Greeks, Romans and others.’ (Sheppard, p. 53.)
‘All of Maier’s treatises are written with great erudition and display
substantial knowledge of mythology and ancient history. They are classic
examples of the neo­Hermetic manner having no clear chemical sense.’
(Wlodzimierz Hubici, DSB 9:24a).
This is Maier’s Wrst book and the only one of his works to be published
in England, during his visit between 1612 and 1614. He was not impressed
with England, but he met Robert Fludd, Sir William Paddy, President of the
London College of Physicans (to whom some copies of Arcana Arcanissma
are dedicated) and other philosophers. On returning to Germany he helped
to arrange the publication of Fludd’s works at Frankfurt. Maier’s works are

important in Rosicrucian literature, but it is not clear whether, as is generally
assumed, he came to Rosicrucian philosophy through Robert Fludd. Hall
suggests that, conversely, it could have been Maier who brought Rosicrucian
philosophy to England. This would seem to be conWrmed by the fact that
Maier claims Rosicrucianism as a one of the gifts of Germany to the world
in Verum inventum (1619, see below).
The Wne engraved titlepage has a border incorporating the Wgures of Osiris,
Typhon, Isis, Hercules and Dionysus, two obelisks with hieroglyphics, and
an ibis, an ape and a monkey. It is unsigned. Conjugate with it (here bound
after A4) there is a leaf bearing a full page engraving with a letterpress verse
on the verso. The engraving looks very much like another titlepage plate, but
with the title and imprint removed. There is a faint trace of an oval panel
between two architectural columns, which might have contained the title,
and an oblong panel at the foot might have contained an imprint. ESTC
records a variant with a dedication to Sir William Paddy stamped in the space
between the two columns.
There are three issues of the book, rather confusingly dealt with in both
STC and ESTC. This is presumably the Wrst, undated but with an engraved
titlepage and conjugate leaf with another full page engraving as described
above. Another issue has a letterpress title, a singleton, without imprint
but dated 1614, and is without the engraved bifolium. The third issue has a
singleton letterpress titlepage De hieroglyphicis aegyptiorvm libri sex ([London],
Prostat apud Societatem Londinensem, anno 1625). Since the book was
registered to Creed on 28 May 1613, it seems reasonable to date the present
issue 1613, and having the engraved title makes it likely to have priority over
the issue with the letterpress title. STC calls it ‘another issue’ of the 1614
dated edition, implying a date of 1614, and ESTC goes further, calling it a
reissue, which I think is wrong. The book was previously thought to have been
printed at Oppenheim and re­issued in London. Oppenheim is still given as
the place of printing in some catalogues and Johnson (Catalogue of engraved
and etched English title-pages) does not notice the engraved titlepage because
the work was not, in 1934, recognised as English printing.
Manly P. Hall, ed. R. C. Hoggart, Alchemy: a comprehensive bibliography of the
Manly P. Hall Collection, 1986. H. J. Sheppard, ‘The Mythological Tradition and
Seventeenth[­]century Alchemy’, in Allen G. Debus, ed., Science, Medicine and
Society in the Renaissance. Essays to honor Walter Pagel (1972) I, pp. 47–59.
129
MAIER, Michael (1568?–1622)
Symbola aureae mensae duodecim nationum. Hoc est, hermaea
seu mercurii festa ab heroibus duodenis selectis, artis chymicae
usu, sapientia & authoritate paribus celebrata, ad pyropolynicen seu
adversarium illum tot annis iactabundum, virgini chemiae.
Frankfurt: typis Antonii Humii, impensis Lucae Iennis, 1617.
4to: (:)–2(:) 4 3(:) 2 A–4O 4 , 342 leaves, pp. [20] 621 [43]. Title within an
engraved border, engraved portrait on (:) 4 v, 12 engravings in the text
(c. 80 x 110mm) and 1 woodcut.

194 x 155mm. Titlepage soiled, frayed with slight loss of engraved
border, and mounted; margins of Wrst gathering strengthened and
Xeuron border to portrait partly obscured; corner of 3A3 defective with
loss of a few letters and repaired. Light browning.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Soiled, old repairs to foot of
spine.
Provenance: About 80 words of early annotation (cropped) on pp. 18
and 60 and a few other words and marks; monogram bookplate and
an old library stamp on title, both unidentiWed.
First edition. VD17 23:291341V; Wellcome 3979 (Wellcome copy
imperfect); Duveen p. 382; Ferguson II, pp. 64–5; Neu 2611; Mellon
75; Manly Hall Collection 106.
‘Perhaps Maier’s most ambitious work in praise of alchemy. A kind of
symbolical banquet is held at the “Golden Table” in praise of Chemia and
12 representatives apear.’ (Duveen.)
The engravings are attributed to Theodor de Bry. The titlepage border
incorporates the portraits of the alchemists of the 12 nations; there is a portrait
of Maier aged 49 in 1617, and 12 symbolical engravings in the text.
130
MAIER, Michael (1568?–1622)
Verum inventum, hoc est, munera Germaniae, ab ipsa primitus
reperta (non ex vino, ut calumniator quidam scoptice invehit, sed vi
animi & corporis) & reliquo orbi communicata.
Frankfurt: typis Nicolai HoVmanni, sumptibus Lucae Iennis, 1619.
8vo: A–Q8 F6 (blank R6), 134 leaves, pp; [26] 11–249 [3] (colophon
on R5v, last 2 pages blank). Woodcut printer’s device on title and
colophon.
146 x 90mm. A few headlines shaved; printed on mixed paper stocks,
gatherings A, F, G, I and O–R browned.
Binding: Recent boards.
First edition. Manly Hall Collection 109.
‘This work on the gifts of Germany to the world culture includes the
Fraternity of the Rosy Cross, printing, and the religion of reform.’ (Manly
Hall Collection.)
131
MALPIGHI, Marcello (1628–1694)
De viscerum structurâ exercitatio anatomica... Accedit dissertatio
eiusdem De polypo cordis.
London: typis T[homas]. R[oycroft]. impensis Jo. Martyn, apud insigne
Campanae extra locum vulgo dictum Temple-Bar, 1669.
12mo: A–H 12 , 96 leaves, pp. [12] 180.

127 x 70mm. A good fresh and crisp copy.
Binding: Contemporary calf, blind ruled sides with Xoral corner ornaments,
blind ruled unlettered spine, red sprinkled edges. Head and tail
of spine chipped, joints cracked but cords sound, worn and scuVed.
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on free endleaf.
Second edition (Wrst Bologna 1666). Advertised in the Easter Term Catalogue
at 1s 4d bound (I, 10). Another edition was printed at Frankfurt in
1678. Wing M348; ESTC R9952; Wellcome IV, p. 37; Krivatsy 7332.
An important collection of Wve anatomical treatises including the classic essay
on the kidney, ‘De renibus’ describing the Malpighian Bodies; ‘De polypo
cordis’, his chief haematological treatise containing his discovery of the red
blood corpuscles; and ‘De liene’ containing the Wrst description of Hodgkin’s
disease. The other essays are ‘De hepate’; and ‘De cerebri cortici’.
This was the Wrst of Malpighi’s works to be printed in England. Just over
a year earlier, in a letter of 28 December 1667, Henry Oldenburg had written
to Malpighi in Bologna praising his discoveries and inviting him to enter
into correspondence with the Royal Society. In his reply, dated 22 March
1668, Malpighi sent a copy of De viscerum structura and a long review of it
appeared in Philosophical transactions on 15 February 1669. In the review it is
stated that John Martyn was in the process of reprinting it, referring to the
present edition (Philosophical Transactions 3 (1668) 688–691). It was advertised
in the Easter Term Catalogue (issued on 19 May) and seems to have been
a private undertaking on John Martyn’s part. One suspects however that
he was already privy to the decision by the Royal Society to undertake the
publication of Malpighi’s works under their imprimatur from this point on.
On 22 February 1669 the Society issued the order for John Martyn and James
Allestry to publish Malpighi’s next work, Dissertatio epistolica de Bombyce, and
it was advertised for sale in the Michaelmas Term Catalogue (Birch, History
of the Royal Society II, p. 349; Term Catalogues I, 21). Malpighi was elected
FRS as a foreign member in March 1669.
The Wrst edition is Garrison–Morton 535 and 1230.
132
MALPIGHI, Marcello (1628–1694)
Dissertatio epistolica de formatione pulli in ovo. Regiae Societati,
Londini ad scientiarum naturalem promovendam institutae, dicta.
London: apud Joannem Martyn, Regiae Societatis Typographum, ad
insigne Campanae in Coemeterio Divi Pauli, 1673.
4to: A 2 B–F 4 G 2 (–G2), 23 leaves, pp. [4] 42. Imprimatur leaf before
title. last leaf in facsimile on old paper.
4 folding engraved plates numbered Tabula I–IV.
220 x 165mm. Imprimatur leaf and titlepage soiled, slightly defective
and laid down; text lightly browned; plates dustsoiled and with several
tears, strengthened with old paper on the versos.
Binding: Recent polished calf.

First edition. Advertised in the Hilary Term Catalogue (January–March) at
2s stitched (I, 129). Also issued as part of Dissertatio epistolicae duae (1673)
together with Dissertatio epistolica de bombyce (1669). An appendix was
published in Malpighi’s Anatome plantarum (1675). Wing M350; not in
ESTC but cf. R9561 and R221786; Norman 1429; Garrison–Morton 469.
‘[Malpighi’s] study of the development of the chicken in the egg went far
beyond the work of Harvey and Fabrici, dealing with the internal structures
to an unprecedented extent: his chief discoveries, illustrated in his four
beautifully detailed plates, were the vascular area embraced by the terminal
sinus, the cardiac tube and its segmentation, the aortic arches, the somites,
the neural folds and neural tube, the cerebral and optic vesicles, the protoliver,
the glands of the prestomach, and the feather follicles. Malpighi established
the paths of subsequent embryological research, making the important
connection between embryogenesis and phylogenesis, and playing a formative
role in the development of preformationist theory, which would pose a strong
challenge to the traditional doctrine of epigenesis.’ (Norman Library.)
‘This and the De ovo incubato [in Anatome plantarum, 1675] placed the study
of embryology on a sound basis, surpassing in accuracy all other contemporary
work on the subject and foreshadowing some of the more important general
lines of research in embryology.’ (Garrison–Morton.)
This was the second of Malpighi’s books published by the Royal Society
which gave the order to print it on 12 June 1672 (Birch, History of the Royal
Society III, p. 51).
It seems clear that this short work was issued separately as it was advertised
on its own in the Term Catalogue. However it was also issued combined with
the earlier Dissertatio epistolica de bombyce, published by the Royal Society in
1669 with a general title page (there are two issues, one as Dissertatio epistolicae
duae, ESTC R221786, the other omitting the word ‘duae’, ESTC R9561).
No doubt this copy and many others in modern bindings have been extracted
from the the combined issue.
133
MAYOW, John (1641–1679)
Tractatus quinque medico­physici. Quorum primus agit de salnitro,
et spiritu nitro­aereo. Secundus de respiratione. Tertius de
respiratione foetus in utero, et ovo. Quartus de motu musculari, et
spiritibus animalibus. ultimus de rhachitide. Studio Joh. Mayow
LL.D. & medici: necnon Coll. Omn. Anim. in univ. Oxon. Soci.
Oxford: e Theatro Sheldoniano, 1674.
8vo: a–e 4 A–2T 4 ; 2 A–T 4 , 264 leaves, pp. [40] 335 [1]; 152. Woodcut
headpiece and initial to dedication; treatises 2–5 have divisional titles;
treatise 4 starts second register and pagination sequence.
7 engraved plates: portrait frontispiece and 6 plates numbered Tab.
1–6 (bound as throwouts after the text).
175 x 110mm. Light spots and stains to last few leaves and plates,
otherwise a Wne fresh copy.

Binding: Contemporary calf, gilt ruled sides with corner ornaments,
gilt ornaments in spine compartments, marbled paper pastedowns,
marbled page edges. Head of spine wormed, lower joint starting to
split but sound, remains of one free endleaf at the front, the other
missing, two free endleaves at the back.
Provenance: A presentation copy with the words ‘Ex dono authori[s]’
on the free endleaf, but three­quarters of the leaf has been torn away
(and restored) so that the recipients name is missing.
First complete edition: ‘De respirartione’ and ‘De rachitide’ were Wrst
published as Tractatus duo in 1669. Reprinted at the Hague in 1681;
English translation, 1907. Wing M1537; ESTC R10053; Madan,
III, 3015; Fulton, Two Oxford Physiologists... Lower and Mayow 108;
Wellcome IV, p. 93; Krivatsy 7653; Garrison–Morton 578.
‘Mayow was the Wrst to locate the seat of animal heat in the muscles; he
discovered the double articulation of the ribs with the spine and came near
to discovering oxygen in his suggestion that the object of breathing was to
abstract from the air a deWnite group of life­giving “particles”. He was the Wrst
to make the deWnite suggestion that it is only a special fraction of the air that
is of use in respiration. His Tractatus, embodying all his brilliant conclusions,
is one of the best English medical classics.’ (Garrison–Morton.)
A Wne presentation copy from the author, though frustratingly we don’t
know who the recipient was.
134
MAYOW, John (1641–1679)
Alle de medicinale en natuurkundige werken... Bestaande in vijf
Verhandelinge... uit het Latyn vertaalt, en met noodige aanmerkingen
verrijkt door S. B.
Amsterdam: by Timotheus ten Hoorn, 1684.
8vo: 4
* A–2P8 2Q4 ; 312 leaves, pp. [8] 592 [24]. Title in red and
black, woodcut initials.
8 engraved plates: portrait and plates numbered Tab. 1–7 (portrait
after prelims, plates at pp. 260, 330, 400, 566, 211 and 229).
159 x 95mm. paper Xaw in the margin of D2 with loss of a few letters
from the shoulder note.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, green sprinkled edges.
Provenance: Walter Pagel’s signature, undated, on pastedown.
First Dutch edition of Tractatus Quinque. Another state of the titlepage is
dated 1683. Fulton, Two Oxford Physiologists... Lower and Mayow 113.
The translator and annotator, ‘S. B.’ on the titlepage, is identiWed in the
printer’s address to the reader as Steven Blankaart (1650–1702). As well as his
annotations, Blankaart has added summaries of Mayow’s works at the end.
Blankaart is best known for his Lexicon medicum renovatum; he also translated
Willis, Sanctorius and other medical writers into Dutch.

135
MERCKLIN, Georg Abraham (1644–1702?)
Tractatio med. curiosa, de ortu & occasu transfusionis
sanguinis, qua haec, quae Wt è bruto in brutum, à foro medico penitus
eliminatur; illa, quae è bruto in hominem peragitur, refutatur, &
ista, quae ex homine in hominem exercetur, ad experientiae examen
relegatur.
Nuremberg: sumptibus Johannis Ziegeri, bibliopolae, typis Christohori
Gerhardt, 1679.
8vo: )(– 2)( 8 (–)(7,8) A–G8 H2 (=2)(7,8?), 72 leaves, pp. [28], 112, [4],
engraved title on )(8 which is bound before the printed title on )(1.
197 x 92mm. Paper slightly weak at the beginning; browned.
Binding: Eighteenth­century calf, rebacked. Bound with an unrelated
work in Dutch, Lange, Schaadelyke veepest, Amsterdam, 1719.
Provenance: Owners stamp of Dr. med. Merzbach, Berlin, on free
endleaf.
First edition. Wellcome IV, p. 115; Krivatsy 7774; Heirs of Hippocrates 653.
‘Following Lower and Denis, [Mercklin] was one of the earliest medical writers
to discuss the history, value, dangers, and methods of blood transfusion. In
this work Mercklin recognizes and understands what is now known as a
transfusion reaction, and he was not entirely convinced of the wisdom of
performing transfusions. Transfusions were then done from an animal,
usually a sheep, to a human being, or from person to person. The technical
diYculties were great and Mercklin pointed out the dangers and drawbacks as
he understood them. The Wrst two chapters of his book deal with the history
of transfusion and the techniques and instrumentation to be employed. In
the remainder of the volume Mercklin discusses case histories, indications,
and diseases that were improved or left unchanged by blood transfusion.’
(Heirs of Hippocrates.)
The engraved titlepage displays scenes of blood transfusions, between a
dog and a young man, and two between young men.
136
MICHAELSPACHER, Stephan, publisher
Cabala, Spiegel der Kunst unnd Natur: in Alchymia: Was der
weisen uralte stein, doch für ein ding sey, der, da dreyfach, und nur
ein Stein ist.
Augsburg: bey Johann Schultes, in verlegung SteVan Müschelspachern
auß Tyroll, 1615.
4to: A–B 8 (–B8), 7 leaves unpaginated.
4 large folding engraved plates (c. 320 x 250mm), the Wrst signed
‘Raphael Custodis. Sculpsit. Stephan Michelspacher Ex’., the second
‘R.C.S’, the third ‘PC. Sculps’, the fourth ‘R.C.’

135 x 142mm. Tear in titleleaf repaired on verso. Light foxing, dustsoiling
and waterstaining to text, edges of last leaf frayed. Plates a little
soiled, shaved in the margins, several tears with slight loss, all mounted.
Binding: Nineteenth­century embossed cloth.
Provenance: Old owner’s stamp on title ‘Ring Out SaVen, Poel Sehn
N. G. No. [Wlled in in MS:] 270’ (transcription uncertain).
First edition, one of three diVerent states or issues. Another issue with
the same Wngerprint but ‘Michelsspacher’ in the imprint is VD17
12:649661B. The Wngerprint of VD17 23:257486C, also with ‘Michelsspacher’
in the imprint, shows that at least the Wrst gathering is re­set.
There were several later editions. VD17 1:077617C; Duveen p. 111.
Four densely engraved alchemical plates with a short text.
The dedication is signed by the publisher, Michaelspacher,
who is often assumed to be the author, but Ferguson points
out that Michaelsacher says in the preface that the author’s
name is concealed symbolically in the text. The plates are
by Raphael Custos (c. 1590–c. 1651) and ‘show alchemical
allegories in architectural settings, with the usual medley
of names, steps and symbols... The Wrst print is of a triplemitred,
bearded, and horned smiling beast framed in a
zodiac. The second shows the two men [shown at the foot
of the Wrst print] in various alchemical postures. The third
depicts a rose arbor enclosing a four­story fountain, all
observed by several submerged men and women waving
paddles at a pair of crossed Wery swords. The last is a magic
mountain with a temple in its bosom, displayed by crosssection,
also with a zodiac.’ (Hall, p. 13.)
The dedication is to Michaelspacher’s friend Johann
Remmelin, whose Pinax microcosmographicus he had
published in 1615 (this was anonymous lead ing to
Michaelspacher again being taken as the author, see below
no. 160).
This copy has good strong impressions of the plates,
overall in good condition in spite of the defects noted
above. Ferguson notes that the same plates are used in later
editions with successively worse impressions.
Ferguson I, pp. 135–6 and II, pp. 94–5; Manly P. Hall, ed. R.
C. Hoggart, Alchemy: a comprehensive bibliography of the Manly
P. Hall Collection, 1986, pp. 12–13.
137
MONTE­SNYDER, Johannes de
Reconditorium ac reclusorium opulentiae sapientiaeque
numinis mundi magni, cui deditur in titulum Chymica vannus,
obtenta quidem & erecta auspice mortale coepto; sed inventa proauthoribus
immortalibus adeptis.

Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium à Waesberge, & Elizeum
Weyerstraet, 1666.
4to: A–3A4 (–3A4 blank), 187 of 188 leaves, pp. 392 (i.e. 294, 183, 184
repeated and last page mis­numbered); [2] 76 [2] (last page blank).
Sectional titlepage on 2O4, errata on 3A4r, typographic circular and
oval charts in the text and 12 full page engravings printed in the text,
the Wrst, on A1r, repeated on 2O4v.
195 x 145mm. Light soiling, gathering Y browned, dark stains in lower
blank margins towards the end.
Binding: Contemporary English blind ruled calf, marbled page edges.
Rebacked with the original unlettered spine laid down, corners worn.
Provenance: Contemporary signature J. Robertson on title and a MS
index in a more formal hand on a free endleaf.
First edition. The book was reissued at Leiden in 1696 as Chymiae
aurifodina incomparabilis. Ferguson II, pp. 246–7; Caillet 11061 and
2362; Wellcome, IV p. 486; Krivatsy 9439.
The Wrst part is a compilation of alchemical writings with 9 Wne alchemical
plates including 7 of the planets (the other plates are diagramatic). The
authorship is unknown. The second part, ‘Commentatio de Pharmaco
Catholico’ is usually attributed to Monte­Snyder and is a translation of his
‘Von der universal Medicin’, not printed in the original German until 1678
as Tractatus de Medicina Universali, Das is Von der Universel Medicin. Ferguson
points out that the titlepage to this second part states that it was translated
from German when the author happened to be in London. This may be what
led Caillet to attribute the work to the English alchemist Thomas Vaughn
(1621–1666).
Newton made a transcript of another work by Monte­Snyder, The
Metamorphosis of the Planets and followed his instructions in the laboratory.
That work refers to the present book, a copy of which Newton owned. He
studied the second part closely, entering many page and line references in the
margins of his copy and turning down many corners (Harrison, The Library
of Isaac Newton 1378; Dobbs, The Foundations of Newton’s Alchemy, p. 168n).
The present copy oVers a further intriguing connection with English alchemy
as it is in a contemporary English binding with an English provenance, having
belonged to one J. Robertson whom I have not so far been able to trace.
138
MÜLLER, Johannes Peter (1801–1858)
Zur vergleichenden Physiologie des Gesichtsinnes des
Menschen und der Thiere nebst einem Versuch über den
menschlichen Blick.
Leipzig: bei C. Cnobloch (Gedruckt bei S. F. Thormann in Bonn), 1826.
8vo, pp. xxxii 462 [2].
1 large folding table (at p. 140) and 8 folding engraved plates, 3 with
some hand­colouring, engraved by W. Engels, I. Schubert, and J. F.
Schröter, numbered Tab I–VIII (bound at the end).

203 x 127mm. Light foxing to plates.
Binding: Contemporary green glazed boards, manuscript paper spine
label. Spine and corners worn.
First edition. Preface dated Autumn 1825. Garrison–Morton 1257 and 1495;
Albert, Norton and Huertes 1623; Becker 267; Wellcome IV, p. 194.
Müller’s Wrst major work which brought him to the attention of the scientiWc
world and introduced the law of speciWc nerve energies. The preface is dated
Autumn 1825 and the work opens with Müller’s inaugural lecture at the
university of Bonn, dated 19 October 1824.
‘Müller introduced a new era of biological research in Germany and
pioneered the use of experimental methods in medicine. He overcame
the inclination to natural philosophical speculation widespread in German
universities during his youth, and inculcated respect for careful observation
and physiological experimentation... In 1826 Müller published an extensive
work that attracted the attention of the scientiWc world: Zur vergleichenden
Physiology.... The book, in nine parts, reported on Müller’s various studies
and interests. It opened with his inaugural lecture... The succeeding sections
oVered a wealth of new Wndings on human and animal vision, brilliant
investigations into the compound eyes of insects and crabs, and truly
perceptive analyses of human sight. Moreover, the book recorded the young
physiologist’s most important achievement, the discovery that each sensory
system responds to various stimuli only in a Wxed, characteristic way – or, as
Müller stated, with the energy speciWc to itself... This “law of speciWc nerve
energies” led to the insight that man does not perceive the processes of the
external world but only alterations they produce in his sensory systems: “In
intercourse with the external world we continually sense ourselves.” This
statement had important implications for epistemology.’ (Johannes Steudel,
DSB 9: 567b, 569b.)
139
MÜLLER, Johannes Peter (1801–1858)
Ueber die phantastischen Gesichtserscheinungen. Eine physiologische
untersuchung mit einer physiologischen urfunde des
Aristoteles über den Traum, den Philosophen und Aertzen gewidmet.
Coblenz: bei Jacob Hölscher (Gedruckt bei C. F. Thormann in Bonn),
1826.
8vo, pp. x 117 [1].
225 x 145mm, untrimmed. Moderate foxing.
Binding: Recent half calf, original plain upper wrapper bound in.
Provenance: Edgar Goldschmid (1881–1957), pathologist and medical
historian with his book label inside original front wrapper.
First edition. Garrison–Morton 1456; Norman 1567; Horblit, One
Hundred Books Famous in Science 76.
‘Müller’s second book... is still of interest. In it he showed that the sensory
system of the eye not only reacts to external optical stimuli but also can be

excited by interior stimuli arising from organic malfunction, lingering mental
images, or the play of the imagination. He himself found it easy to make
luminous images of people and things appear suddenly, move about, and
disappear whenever he closed his eyes and concentrated on his darkened Weld
of vision... Müller demonstratred that optical perceptions can arise without an
adequate external stimulus... the result – depending on the situation – is the
reporting of religious or magical visions, or the seeing of ghosts.’ (Johannes
Steudel, DSB 9: 570a)
Steudel is clear that this was Müller’s second work, conWrmed by the preface
dated September 1826, while the preface of Zur vergleichenden Physiologie (see
above) was dated Autumn 1825. However, Albert, Norton and Huertes place
it Wrst; perhaps also assuming that it came Wrst. It was included in Horblit’s
list, rather than the earlier work which introduced the concept of speciWc
nerve energies.
This copy is from the collection of Pagel’s contemporary, Edgar Goldschmid,
whose collection on the evolution of anatomical illustration was purchased
by the university of Wisconsin, Madison in 1958.
140
MÜLLER, Johannes Peter (1801–1858)
Über ein eigenthümliches, dem Nervus sympathicus analoges
Nervensystem der Eingeweide bei den Insecten.
Nuremberg, 1827.
4to, pp. 38.
3 engraved plates by W. Engels after the author numbered VII–XIX.
261 x 203mm. Text foxed, plates browned. Vertical creases in the pages.
Binding: Original thin blue glazed boards. Spine frayed, creased vertically.
Provenance: Signed presentation inscription from the author to Dr J.
H. Weber (1795–1878) on pastedown.
OVprint from Nova acta physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-
Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum, 14 (1827) 73–108 and pls VII–XIX,
repaginated with the original pagination printed in parentheses.
An early neurological paper, a Weld to which Müller was to make major
contributions, in particular his famous conWrmation of the Bell–Magendie
law in 1831.
This copy was presented to Ernst Heinrich Weber (1795–1878), professor
of anatomy and physiology at Leipzig and the founder of experimental
psychology.
141
MÜLLER, Johannes Peter (1801–1858)
Bildungsgeschichte der Genitalien aus anatomischen
untersuchungen an Embryonen des Menschen und der Thiere, nebst
eniem Anhang über die chirurgische Behandlung der Hypospadia.
Düsseldorf: bei Arnz, 1830.

4to, pp. xviii 152.
4 engraved plates highlighted with coloured washes, signed ‘Dr Müller
ad nat. del.’ and numbered Tab I–IV (bound at end).
260 x 205mm. Intermittent foxing; plates discoloured.
Binding: Later nineteenth­century cloth backed boards. Corners worn.
Provenance: Mathias Duval (1844–1907) with his address label on
upper board and pastedown.
First edition.
‘In his Bildungsgeschichte der Genitalien he clariWed the very complicated
relationships between the initial form of the kidneys and their ducts, on
the one hand, and the sexual organs, on the other. He discovered that the
embryonic duct (described by Heinrich Rathke) now called “Müller’s duct”
forms the Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina: only rudiments of it are found
in the male.’ (Johannes Steudel, DSB 9:570b.)
This monograph traces the development of the Müllerian ducts into the
female organs, their development being inhibited in the male. The discovery
of the ducts was Wrst reported by Müller in a journal article in 1825 (see
Garrison–Morton 475).
This copy has an important provenance, having belonged to Mathias
Duval (1844–1907) one of the pioneers of placental histology and author of
Le placenta des rongeurs (1890–1892).
142
MÜLLER, Johannes Peter (1801–1858)
Ueber den Bau und die Grenzen der Ganoiden und über das
natürliche System der Fische.
Berlin, 1846.
8vo, pp. 91–141.
210 x 125mm. Light browning.
Binding: Recent quarter morocco, original plain front wrapper
preserved.
Provenance: Presentation inscription on on wrapper and a 5­line
note addressed to ‘Dr Ludwig’ in the author’s hand (Carl Friedrich
Wilhelm Ludwig, 1816–1895), and 5 corrections in the text (one
slightly cropped); Art Nouveau bookplate of Charles Atwood.
Extract from Archiv für Naturgeschichte 11(1845), 91–141.
From the 1830’s Müller had worked on zoological classiWcation and from about
1840 he devoted most of his time to comparative anatomy and zoology.
This journal extract was sent by the author, so presumably there was no
oVprint. The recipient was Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (1816–1895),
appointed associate professor at Marburg in the following year. George Rosen
describes Ludwig as one of ‘that remarkable group of German physiologists
and teachers who in the latter half of the nineteenth century created modern
physiology’ (DSB 8:541b).

143
MYLIuS, Johann Daniel (b. 1585 or 6)
Tractatus III. Seu Basilica philosophica continens lib. III. 1.
Horum prior continet philosophorum ac sapientum antiquorum
consilia super lapidem philosophorum seu medicinam universalem. 2.
Liber describit chymicorum vasa & fornaces. 3. Liber explicat quaedam
philosophorum obscura.
Frankfurt: apud lucam Iennis, 1618.
4to: );( 4 3a–3k4 3A–4L4 ; a–e4 f2 ; 202 leaves, pp. [88] 272; 44.
Allegorical engraving on title, full page engraved diagram on );(4v and
12 engravings in the text, mostly full page; woodcut diagrams.
16 engraved plates, the Wrst three folding. The Wrst plate (bound in the
prelims) is titled ‘In praefationem tertiam Basilicae Philosophicae’ and
signed M. Merian fecit’; two more folding plates (following p. 192)
and 3 double­page plates (bound as single leaves after p. 272) are of
chemical apparatus in series with the engravings printed on the text
leaves; each of the Wnal suite of plates, numbered 1–10, contains 16
circular allegorical images with surrounding text.
[bound with:]
Operis medico­chymici continens tres tractatus sive Basilicas...
Index geminus luculentissimus.
Frankfurt: prostant apud Lucam Iennisium, 1630
4to: A–M4 , N2 (–N2, blank), 48 or 49 leaves, unpaginated.
190 x 146mm. First folding plate soiled and frayed in the upper margin,
engraving on p. 195 shaved; worm tracks in a few outer margins of text
leaves; text browned and foxed, but plates largely unaVected.
Binding: Seventeenth­century mottled calf, perhaps English, sometime
rebacked, nineteenth­century writing exercises used as pastedowns, no
free endleaves.
Provenance: Contemporary signature on title, cropped, and illegible.
Walter Pagel’s name in capitals in his hand on pastedown.
First edition of the third part only of the three parts of Opus medicochymicum
(1618), together with the index to all three parts published
in 1630. Krivatsy 8235; Wellcome 4498; VD17 14:647009G.
This is the alchemical volume from Mylius Wrst work, a large treatise on
various aspects of chemical medicine.
‘In 1616, while still a candidate for the medical degree, Johann Daniel
Mylius had published the Iatrochymicus of Duncan Burnet. Two years later
a Medical­Chemical Work of his own appeared in three parts or Basilcae,
a designation probably suggested by Croll’s Basilica chemica. The Wrst of
these, called Basilica medica, was Hippocratic and divided into three books
on physiology, pathology and therapeutic. The second or Basilica chymica
contained seven books, of which three were on metals, the others on gems,
minerals, vegetables and animals respectively. The three books of the third

Basilica philosophica were alchemical, dealing
with the philosopher’s stone or universal
medicine, with vessels and furnaces, and with
obscure passages in the “philosophers”, i.e.,
alchemical writers.’ (Thorndike.)
The magniWcent folding plate by Matthäus
Merian, the elder (1593–1650) serves as a frontispiece.
It is ‘a striking symbolical representation
of the analogy of the alchemical microcosm to
the macrocosm,’ a pictorial representation of
the place of alchemy in the universe (Read pp.
83–4 giving a detailed analysis of the image).
Another 17 engravings (12 printed on text
leaves, 5 on inserted leaves) are of chemical
furnaces, stills, glassware and other apparatus.
There is at the end a series of 10 plates containing
a total of 160 allegorical images.
The Wrst part of Mylius’ Opus medicochymicum
is dated 1618, the second 1618 or
1620 and this third part, Tractatus III, 1618.
In the Young, Duveen and Neville collections
there are copies of parts 1 and 2 (1618 issue or
edition) without part 3 (Ferguson II, pp. 120–
121; Duveen pp.419–20; Neville II, p. 207). It
seems likely therefore that Tractatus III, though
dated 1618 was in fact issued later, perhaps with the index volume dated 1630,
as in the present copy and the identical volume in the Wellcome Library
(4498/B/3). The 10 allegorical plates, found in the present copy and in the
Wellcome copy, are not always present in copies of Tractatus III.
Thorndike, VII, p. 177; John Read, Prelude to Chemistry (1936) pp. 83–84.
144
MYLIuS, Johann Daniel (b. 1585 or 6)
Philosophia reformata continens libros binos.
Frankfurt: apud Lucam Jennis, 1622.
4to: a 4 b 4 (–b4) c–e 4 A–2Y 4 2Z 2 3A–4Z 4 5A 4 (blank 5A4), 389 leaves, pp.
[38] 703 [37] (last 2 pages blank). Title within an engraved border signed
Baltzer Schenan fecit, 17 engravings in the text, of which 15 are made up
of 4 images each, and a three­quarter page image on p. 316 is repeated on
the titlepage to Lib II on p. 365 (the pagination is continuous).
203 x 155mm. Headlines and shoulder notes shaved; small holes in title
without signiWcant loss; worm tracks in the margins of B2, C2, D2, E2,
M4, O2 and Q4 aVecting shoulder notes and engravings on several leaves;
abrasions on K2 and 2A3 with some loss of text and aVecting engraving;
browned throughout, heavily in Lib I. Despite the faults a good copy.
Binding: Contemporary calf, red and brown mottled page edges.
Rebacked and corners repaired.

Provenance: Nine word annotation on p. 252 and a few pointing Wsts
and ‘nota’ in the margins; inscription on endleaf in German signed
‘Inoford Heym’ and dated London 13­x­[19]38; inscription ‘Comprato
per dieci 1862’ on Wnal blank.
First edition. Ferguson cites a 1638 edition but I cannot locate any
copies. Duveen p. 420; Neu 2900.
‘The chief interest of this portentous publication lies in its illustrations; in
this respect, as in others, the alchemical productions of Mylius are closely
similar to those of his contemporary, Maier’ (Read, p. 261). These famous
metaphorical illustrations, ‘hiding what is manifest and revealing what is hid’
(p. 97, Thorndike’s translation) all relate to the Wrst part of the book, dealing
with the generation of the metals in the bowels of the earth, the twelve signs
of the wise philosophers, and the theory and practice of the divine art.
The plates were used again in the compilation of alchemical engravings
from various sources with new epigrams composed by Daniel Stoltzius von
Stolzenberg published by Jennisius as Viridarium Chymicum, (Frankfurt,
1624).
Thorndike VII, pp. 177–8; John Read, Prelude to Chemistry (1936), pp. 260–266;
Adam McLean, The alchemical engravings of Mylius: with the text of part four of the
Wrst book of the Philosophia Reformata of J.D. Mylius (Edinburgh, 1984).
145
NEEDHAM, Walter (1631?–1691?)
Disquisitio anatomica de formato foetu.
London: typis Gulielmi Godbid, prostantq[ue] venales apud Radulphum
Needham, ad insigne Campanae, in vico vulgo vocato Little-St.
Bartholomews, 1667.
8vo: A8 a4 B–P8 (blank O8), 124 leaves, pp. [24] 205 [19] (including
the blank).
7 engraved plates, numbered Tab. 1–7 (bound as foldouts at the end).
157 x 105mm. Title a little dustsoiled, rust hole in L7 touching a
couple of letters, a Wne fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary blind ruled mottled calf. Spine crudely
repaired, corners worn.
Provenance: Contemporary signature ‘Rob: Powell Q.C.’.
First edition. Wing N411; ESTC R14283; Fulton, Boyle 267; Garrison–
Morton M 467.2.
‘Founding work of developmental chemical embryology, the Wrst book to
report chemical experiments on the developing mammalian embryo, and
the Wrst to give practical instructions on dissection of embryos. Needham
was also the Wrst to describe the solid bodies in the amniotic Xuid, and
to give a comparative account of the secondary apparatus of generation’
(Garrison–Morton).
Dedicated to Robert Boyle.

146
NEWTON, Isaac (1642–1727)
Optices libri tres accedunt eiusdem Lectiones opticae, et opuscula
omnia ad lucem & colores pertinentia sumpta ex Transactionibus
Philosophicis. Editio altera Patavina.
Padua: typis Seminarii... apud Joannem Manfrè, 1773.
4to: a8 (a8+1) A–K8 L4 ; c2 2A–G8 ; 2H–N8 (+/–N1) (blanks L4 and
2G8), 199 leaves, pp. viii–xx 166 [2, blank]; [4] 110 [2, blank]; 93
[1, blank]. Printed titlepage in red and black with woodcut device,
woodcut headpieces and initials. Divisional titles to Lectiones opticae
and ‘Appendix’. The Wnal leaf in the prelims, pp. xix/xx is a singleton,
here bound before a8 (pp. xvii/xviii).
42 engraved plates: numbered [Optices] Lib.I. Par. I. Tab. I–V; Par.
II. Tab. I–IV; Lib. II. Tab. I–II; Lib. III. Tab. I. [Lectiones opticae]
Tav. I–XXVIII. [Appendix] Tav. I–II. (Bound as throwouts at the end
of each section).
234 x 175mm. A good clean and fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, multiple worm holes in boards
and endleaves.
Provenance: Gregorio Graziati, with an Italian inscription recording
that he received the book as the prize for Rhetoric at a school in
Padua in 1797 but died on 5 July 1798; the inscription was written by
the Carmelite brother Agostino [illegible] nine days later (inscription
damaged by a later bookplate, now removed).
Third collected edition of Newton’s optical writings in Latin: Optice,
Lectiones opticae, and ‘Appendix’ containing the sixteen optical papers
from the Philosophical transactions. This edition was Wrst printed at
Padua in 1749 and reprinted at Graz in 1765. Wallis 185; not in Babson.
147
NOCETI, Carlo (1694–1759); BOŠCOVIĆ, Rudjer Josip (1711–1787).
De iride et aurora boreali, carmina... cum notis Josephi Rogerii
Boscovich.
Rome: Ex typographia Palladis, excudebant Nicolaus et Marcus Palearini,
1747.
4to: a 6 A–Q 4 (cancel K3), 70 leaves, pp. [12] 127 [1]. Woodcut device
on title, woodcut head and tail­pieces and initials.
2 engraved plates of diagrams, numbered Tab I–II (bound as throwouts
at pp. 48 and at the end).
224 x 165mm. Worm holes in inner margin, well away from the text
and images.
Binding: Contemporary sprinkled sheep, gilt spine, sprinkled paper
pastedowns, red and yellow mottled page edges, old paper shelf labels
on spine. Worming in upper joint, worn but a nice copy.

Provenance: Early annotations in French, mostly in pencil but a longer
annotation in ink on p. 93 on a pasted in strip of paper.
First edition. An Italian translation was published in 1753. Sommervogel
V, col. 1784, no. 1; Riccardi I, i, col. 175, no. 29.
Two didactic poems, the Wrst on the rainbow, the second on the aurora
borealis, each followed by a long scientiWc commentary by Bošcović (pp. 19–
48 and 89–127). Bošcović’s own work, De aurora boreali had been published
at Rome in 1738.
148
PARACELSuS (1493–1541)
Philosophia mystica: Darinn begriVen EilV unterschidene
Theologico­Philosophische, doch teutsche Tractätlein, zum theil auß
Theophrasti Paracelsi, zum theil auch M. Valentini Weigelii,... bißhero
verborgenen manuscriptis der Theosophischen Warheit liebhabern; An
itzo in zweyen Theilen... in oVenen Truck gegeben.
Frankfurt: Gedtruckt zur Newstadt und zu Wnden bey Lucas Jenes [sic,
corrected in MS to Jennis], Buchhändler, 1618.
4to: A–2L4 , 136 leaves, pp. 272. Woodcut illustration on p. 228,
typographic chart on p. 240. Woodcut head and tailpieces.
194 x 151mm. Moderate browning and staining.
Binding: Nineteenth­century marbled boards, spine frayed, no free
endleaves.
Provenance: About 45 words of annotation in an early, perhaps
contemporary hand, and a few words of later annotation; underlining
and NBs in the margins. Ownership inscription on front pastedown
dated 1788 of Carl Adolf Boheman (1764–1831), Swedish mystic;
and signature of Achatius Kahl (1794–1888) of Lund, theologian and
translator of Swedenborg; bookseller’s stamp on rear pastedown of C.
Nilson, Quidling Antiqvariat, Lund. A bookplate has been removed
from pastedown. Walter Pagel’s pencil signature on pastedown.
First edition, VD17’s variant A (see below). SudhoV 306; Ferguson,
Paracelsus, pp. 37–38; VD17 3:604297L, variant A.
An important collection of theological works by Paracelsus and two of the
Wgures most closely associated with the development of Paracelsianism in the
early seventeenth century, Adam Haselmayr and Valentin Weigel (1533–1588).
‘What Paracelsus was aiming at with his theological writings was not to
establish a new sect, but on the contrary to try and deny all religious parties
combating [with] each other [for] the very reason to exist, since he strove for
a church of the spirit, subject only to God and nature.’ (Gilly.)
The book is divided into two parts, 4 tracts attributed to Paracelsus and one
other in part 1; 5 attributed to Weigel and one other in part 2. These are listed in
the prelims as follows: part 1, Paracelsus, ‘De poenitentii’; ‘Astronomia Olympi
novi’; ‘Theologia Cabalistica de perfecto homine in Christo Iesu, & contra’;
and ‘Commentarius in Danielem Prophetam’; followed by ‘Das Leben und

Lehrpuncten dess Einsiedlers Bruder Nicolai im Schweitzerlandt’. Part 2,
Weigel, ‘Eynführung in teutsche theologiam’; ‘Scholasterium Christianum’;
‘Vom Himlischen Jerusalem’; ‘Betrachtung von Leben Christi’; ‘Das Gott
allein gut sey’; followed by ‘Introductio hominis, oder kurtze anlietung zu
eim Christlichen Leben, authoris anonoymi’.
The authorship of ‘Astronomia Olympi novi’, and ‘Theologia Cabalistica’,
Wrmly attributed to Paracelsus in the text, is attributed to Adam Haselmayr by
Gilly who states that ‘The pseudonymous publisher Huldrich Bachmeister
[sic] of Regenbrunn, alias Johannes Siebmacher of Nuremberg, obviously
took these two works for works by Paracelsus.’ The appendix is signed ‘Huldrich
Bachsmeier von Regenbrun’. Haselmayr’s authorship is conWrmed by the
printing variant of sig. F designated variant B by VD17. In variant A, as in
the present copy, p. 47 has ‘Praemonitio ad Lectorem’ where variant B has
‘Vermahnung an den ChristeiVerigen glaubigen Leser’. A copy oVered by
Krown and Spellman had the title printed in red and black where the titlepage
of the present copy is in black only (www.krownspellman.com, accessed
30/12/09).
Carlos Gilly,‘“Theophrastia Sancta” Paracelsianism as a religion in conXict with the
established churches’, Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica (www.Ritmanlibrary.nl).
149
PARACELSuS (1493–1541)
Paracelsus of the chymical transmutation, genealogy and generation
of metals & minerals. Also, of the urim and thummim of the
Jews. With an appendix, of the vertues and use of an excellent water
made by Dr. Trigge. The second part of the mumial treatise. Whereunto
is added philosophical and chymical experiments of that famous philosopher
Raymund Lully; containing, the right and due composition of
both elixirs. The admirable and perfect way of making the great stone
of the philosophers, as it was truely taught in Paris, and sometimes
practised in England, by the said Raymund Lully, in the time of King
Edw. 3. Translated into English by R. Turner philomathes [Greek].
London: printed for Rich: Moon at the seven Stars, and Hen: Fletcher at
the three gilt Cups in Paul’s Church-yard, 1657.
8vo: A4 B–L8 M4 (blank M4), 88 leaves, pp. [8] 166 [2] including the
blank. Title within a border of Xeurons. Separate title to ‘Philosophical
and chymical experiments’ with imprint ‘London, printed by James
Cottrel, 1657’ on H1.
165 x 100mm. Page edges worn; a few unimportant stains and tiny
worm tracks, but a good clean and fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary blind ruled sheep. Re­sewn and re­cased, new
endleaves, boards warped.
Provenance: Contemporary signature ‘P. Stanley’ on title (twice) and
p. 1 and pen trials on Wnal blank page.
First edition in English. SudhoV 379; Ferguson, Paracelsus ii, pp. 44–5;
Wing B3543; ESTC R208833; Wellcome IV, p. 293; Krivatsy 8576;
Duveen p. 454; Pritchard p. 390.

‘A rare and curious collection: it is unexpected to Wnd such a mélange with
the advertisement for Dr. Trigge’s Water in the middle. The translator, Robert
Turner was a well­known astrologer and botanist who translated several occult
works as well as issuing The British Physician which was chieXy devoted to the
medicinal virtues of various herbs. He dedicated the present work to William
Backhouse (1593–1662) who devoted his time to the study of occult sciences
and became renowned as an alchemist, rosicrucian and astrologer and who
gave great encouragement to those addicted to similar pursuits and especially
to Elias Ashmole whom he adopted as his son and to whom he imparted all
his secrets.’ (Duveen.)
Only a small portion of Paracelsus’ voluminous writings was translated into
English, his translators, John Hester, John Howell, John French, ‘W.D’, H.
Pinnell and Robert Turner being considered by Ferguson as among his few
English disciples. But Ferguson warns that ‘the student... will have to exercise
patience, considerable patience, before he can become the gratiWed possessor
of the little volumes. They are all extremely rare and some of them seem quite
unattainable. There are, indeed, not many books of the seventeenth century
so diYcult to lay hands on as the translations of Paracelsus’. (Ferguson,
Bibliographia Paracelsica pt. iii, p. 32.)
150
PECQuET, Jean (1622–1674)
Experimenta nova anatomica, quibus incognitum hactenus chyli
receptaculum, & ab eo per thoracem in ramos usque subclavios vasa
lactea deteguntur. Dissertatio anatomica de circulatione sanguinis
et chyli motu. Huic secundae editioni, quae emendata est, illustrata,
aucta, accessit De thoracicis lacteis dissertatio, in qua Io. Riolani
responsio ad eadem Experimenta nova anatomica refutatur; & inventis
recentibus canalis Virsungici demonstrantur usus; & lacteum ad
mammas à receptaculo iter indigitatur.
Paris: ex oYcina Cramoisinana, 1654.
4to: ã4 e˜ 4 A–2I4 (–2I4, blank), 135 of 136 leaves, pp. [16] 252 [2].
Errata and Privilège on 2I3. Typographic headpieces and woodcut
initials. Full page engraving on p. 21 and 5 smaller engravings on pp.
51, 60, 64 and 68.
197 x 152mm. Waterstains in fore margins, several gatherings lightly
browned,
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum. Worn and soiled.
Provenance: Ownership inscription on front pastedown ‘Petrus Vivien,
Mtr chirurgus Parisiis Insatus 1680. 20. Mart.’ and about 500 words
of marginal annotation apparently in his hand. Later signature on title,
undeciphered, begins ‘Ga...’.
Second, enlarged edition (Wrst Paris, Cramoisy 1651, reprinted at Harderwijk
in the same year). This second edition was reprinted at Amsterdam
in 1661 (re­issued in 1700). An English translation was published in
1653. Wellcome IV, p. 326; Krivatsy 8759; Heirs of Hippocrates 544.

Inspired by Harvey, Pecquet discovered the thoracic duct in dogs and its
relation to the lacteal vessels (Garrison–Morton 1095). Almost simultaneously
the thoracic duct was discovered by Rudbeck in Sweden and Bartholin in
Denmark, but Pecquet’s work was published Wrst. The three works are treated
together in the Grolier, One Hundred Books Famous in Medicine where Michael
T. Ryan writes: ‘Whether Pecquet or Rudbeck Wrst identiWed the thoracic
duct, or whether Bartholin or Rudbeck Wrst described the lymphatic system,
is Wnally less important than the testimony these disputes over priority give
to the broader consensus across Europe as to the nature and direction of
anatomical and physiological research after Harvey’.
In this second edition Pecquet replied to one of his Wercest critics, Jean
Riolan, who was also the one opponent to have provoked Harvey into a
response. There are also several letters in support of Pecquet, in addition to
those published in the Wrst edition.
Pecquet secures his position with new experiments designed to counter
Riolan’s criticisms, described in ‘De thoracicis lacteis dissertatio’ (pp. 101–
138) and replies point by point to Riolans attack on the 1651 work in ‘Brevis
destructio, sive litura responsionis Riolani ad Experimenta Nova Anatomica’
(pp. 181–246).
The engravings are printed from the plates used by Sebastian and Gabriel
Cramoisy for the Wrst edition published three years earlier.
This is a rather worn and soiled copy, but fascinating for the fact that it is
the new experiments reported in this edition that were most closely studied
by a former owner who acquired the book in 1680, one Pierre Vivien, a
Parisian surgeon. His neat marginal notes summarising the text appear on
many pages of ‘De thoracis lacteis dissertatio’ while the rest of the book is
more lightly annotated.
For the Wrst edition see Garrison–Morton 1095; Grolier, One Hundred Books
Famous in Medicine (1995), no. 28, pp. 109–10.
151
PERNETY, Antoine­Joseph (1716­1801)
Dictionnaire mytho­hermétique, dans lequel on trouve les
allégories fabuleuses des poetes, les métaphores, les énigmes et les
termes barbares des philosophes hermétiques expliqués.
Paris: chez Delalain l’aîné, 1787.
8vo: a8 b4 A–2L8 2M2 , 286 leaves, pp. xxiv 546 [2]. Woodcut
headpieces by Huault on pp. v and 1 and a tailpiece on p. xxiv.
167 x 105mm. Light foxing and browning.
Binding: Contemporary quarter roan over pastepaper boards, vellum
tips. Spine ends chipped, joints cracked, spine very worn.
Provenance: Owner’s or library stamp on title and upper board,
illegible.
Second edition (Wrst 1758). Wellcome IV, p. 338; Blake p. 344.
‘The Dictionnaire... professes to give explanations of all the curious words
used by Paracelsus and other writers, and what is perhaps still more useful

to readers of Hermetic books, the explanation of the synonyms and common
words used in a peculiar way found in these books... But after all one does not
feel the diYculties of the Hermetic writers much diminished by the author’s
explanations’. (Ferguson, ii, p. 182, with a long account of the author’s life
and work.)
152
PETTuS, John, Sir (1613–1690)
Fodinae regales. Or the history, laws and places of the chief mines
and mineral works in England, Wales, and the English pale in Ireland.
As also of the mint and mony. With a clavis explaining some diYcult
words relating to mines, &c.
London: printed by H[enry]. L[loyd]. and R[obert]. B[attersby]. For
Thomas Basset, 1670.
Folio: p2 (–p1 blank) A–2I2 , 65 of 66 leaves, pp. [14] 108 [8] (errata on
last leaf, verso blank). Woodcut headpieces and initials, two circular
engraved coats of arms (dia. 124mm) printed on pp. 22 and 23, the
latter with a printed slip pasted beneath it, ‘This Coat is blazoned in
Page 24, and the other Coat in Page 23. above it.’
3 engraved plates: portrait frontispiece signed ‘W. Sherwin ad vivum
facibat’ and two plates with letterpress captions on the versos (folded
in; bound at p. 34 as directed on the plates).
287 x 175mm. Occasional foxing and waterstains on a few leaves;
worm tracks in blank upper outer corners; plates at p. 34 soiled and
frayed in the outer margins, the Wrst with slight loss and a clean tear
reparied.
Binding: Early nineteenth­century polished calf, elaborately blindtooled
sides and spine. Joints and corners worn.
Provenance: Inscription on title ‘Jacobi Chase ex dono ingeniosi [?]
authoris’, the word ‘ingeniosi’ and the following word inked out.
First edition. The Wrst part was reprinted in duodecimo in 1706. Wing
P1908; ESTC R190; Hoover 634; Duveen p. 468; Goldsmiths’–Kress
1930.
The standard seventeenth­century English treatise on mining. Besides the
abstracts of legal documents and acts, it contains considerable technical
information on mining, metallurgy and coinage. Pettus writes of the vast
range of metals and chemical products obtained from the mines. ‘In short’, he
says ‘From these Metals and Minerals digged out of the Subterranean world,
may be studied the greatest part of NATuRE, all Arts imployed, Labours
encouraged, and the chiefest Sciences demonstrated’. For further reading,
Pettus recommends Pliny, Ercker (whose work he was to publish in English
in 1683), Agricola, Jean d’Espagnet and Basilius Valentinus. For the better
understanding of these authors he says he is preparing ‘a Dictionary of such
words as concern the Metallick and Chemick Arts with their Interpretations;
a Specimen whereof is at the end of the Book’ (C2r). For Pettus the art of
metals was wholly a matter of chemistry, but though the translation of Ercker

is included in the standard chemical bibliographies of Cole, Duveen, Ferguson
and Neu, only Duveen lists Fodinae regales.
Knighted by Charles I in 1641, Pettus was captured and imprisoned by
Cromwell in 1651. In 1655 he petitioned the Protector, expressing his Wdelity
to the government, and was rewarded with the deputy governorship of the
Royal Mines in 1655, a post he kept for more than 35 years. The title of his
translation of Ercker, Fleta minor refers to his imprisonment for debt in the
Fleet prison while he was working on it.
153
PLATTER, Felix (1536–1614)
De corporis humani structura et usu libri III. Tabulis methodicè
explicati, iconibus accuratè illustrati. Qui libri cùm operi practico
recens ab eodem autore edito plurimùm inserviant, denuò sunt
publicati.
Basle: apud Ludovicum König, 1603.
Folio: a4 A–2B4 (–2B4); c2, [1–12] 4 [13] 2 , 155 of 156 leaves, pp. [8]
197 [1]; V. [2] 50. The second part has a titlepage, ‘Liber tertius.
Corporis humani partium pericones delineatarum explicatio’ dated
1603 followed by a leaf of text and the 50 unsigned leaves with full
page plates on rectos numbered 1–50 with letterpress explanations on
verso of preceding leaves, the verso of f. 50 blank.
305 x 205mm, untrimmed. Worm hole in Wrst title aVecting a couple
of letters; fairly heavy browning and foxing, water stains on a few
leaves, the browning somewhat lighter in the second part (with the
engraved illustrations) though these leaves are soiled in the margins
and there is some waterstaining towards the end.
Binding: French vellum backed marbled boards with printer’s waste
from Meynet, Notice Notice historique des tableaux qui se trouvent au
Musée d’Avignon (Avignon, 1802) used as endleaves.
First edition, second issue with cancelled preliminary leaves (Wrst issue
1583). Krivatsy 9069; Manchester 1914.
An important anatomy, printed by Froben in Basel, where Vesalius, De humani
corporis fabrica, was Wrst printed in 1543. But unlike the Vesalius illustrations
which are in woodcut, Platter’s illustrations, derived from Vesalius with
additions and improvements, are etchings. This was the Wrst time that etching
had been used for medical illustration’ (Herlinger p. 130). ‘The engravings are
drawn in a free and spirited manner. The bones and muscles are the best after
the manner of the contemporaneous Swiss painters, Christoph Maurer and
Tobias Stimmer. The etching was done perhaps by Abel Stimmer [brother of
Tobias]’ (Choulant p. 216: the attribution to Stimmer is generally accepted,
if not for all the plates).
Among the original illustrations is the Wrst printed illustration of a female
skeleton (pl. 2); this was copied by Bauhin in 1605, and the signiWcance of
this illustration can perhaps be appreciated by the fact that the next original
female skeleton was in Monro­Sue (1759) and the next Soemmering’s 1797

plate. Another important plate which is more often reproduced is the one
of a child’s skeleton holding cupid’s arrow (pl. 3) – an original illustration
but following Coïter’s example of a child skeleton. Apart from these original
illustrations, most of the others are after Vesalius, but one is after Coïter, and
Haller thought that some of the Wgures were the results of Platter’s personal
investigations (Choulant p. 216). Herlinger reproduces the Wgure of the base
of the skull beside the Vesalius Wgure, and suggests that some details were
added from Coïter’s illustration and notes that ‘several anatomical details
suggest that the artist must have had a skull before him’ (p. 131).
Felix Platter was born in Basle, studied at Montpellier where he knew
Volcher Coïter, and returned to Basle in 1560 to become professor of medicine.
He explains in his preface that he had been given the opportunity to buy the
Vesalius woodblocks, last used in 1555 and evidently still in Basle, but declined
because their large size would have meant a much larger book, less convenient
to students (see Cushing pp. 97–8 for a translation). Ready reference seems in
fact to have been a major consideration. The text of the Wrst two books of the
work is in tabular form; the third book with a separate title ‘Corporis humani
partium per icones delineatarum explicatio’ contains the 50 plates, many with
several Wgures on each plate and Platter suggests that this section could be
bound separately for greater convenience. ‘Moreover, he has been careful to
place the explanatory legend for each illustrated plate on the [facing] page –
and this is indeed a milestone in the history of medical illustration (Herlinger
p. 130).
The copy. Though browned and soiled this copy is interesting for being
entirely untrimmed. The impressions of the plates are mixed, some quite
strong and black, others rather weak.
Bibliographical note. Cushing gives the Wrst gathering as * 4 : here it is a 4 ($2
signed), suggesting that the whole of the Wrst gathering is re­set from the Wrst
issue, not just the title­leaf as Cushing has it. The two preliminary leaves of the
second part are conjugate and probably also both re­set (Cushing omits the
second leaf from his collation for both issues). The Wnal leaf of the Wrst part
(Books 1 and 2), which is not present here, where present is blank apart from
Froben’s device on the verso. Although often found in the second issue (e.g.
in the Manchester copy) it was presumably excised intentionally as this issue
was published by König, not Froben. Some copies of the Wrst issue [and the
second?] have an engraved portrait of Platter printed on the verso of the title
leaf to the second part (Book 3, the plate section), otherwise blank as here.
154
PORTA, Giambattista della (1535–1615)
De distillatione lib. IX. Quibus certa methodo, multipliciq[ue]
artiWcio, penitioribus naturae arcanis detectis, cuius libet mixti in
propria elementa resolutio, perfectè docetur.
Rome: ex typographia Reu. Camerae Apostolicae, 1608.
4to: ✠4 2✠6 A–u4 , 90 leaves, pp. [20] 154 [6]. Woodcut arms on title
and printer’s device on colophon on u4v, typographic headpieces,
woodcut tailpieces and initials; woodcut diagrams in the text.
Dedications in Hebrew, Greek, Chaldee and Illyrian types, and in

Persian from a woodcut. Full page engraved portrait of the author on
2✠1v signed ‘I. Laurus f.’.
210 x 150mm. Title soiled and a little frayed in the margins; last leaf
with several round wormholes aVecting a few letters; some light stains.
Binding: Re­sewn and rebound in recent marbled boards.
Provenance: Initials ‘B.F.’ in an early hand on title.
First edition. Reprinted at Strasbourg in 1609; an English translation was
published in 1658. Norman 1725; Duveen p. 481.
Porta’s major work on distillation is his third and last treatment of the subject.
The Wrst two were sections of his great Magia naturalis, Wrst published in 1561
(in 4 books) and in extended form in 1589 (in 20 books). The section on
distillation is further expanded for the present work (Partington p. 24). De
distillatione lib. X ‘is of interest as giving a more comprehensive view of the
applications of distillation in the sixteenth century than is found in any other
work of the period’ (Stillman).
The Wrst and longest, and the most fully illustrated, of the nine books
deals with diVerent forms of stills. Porta describes various forms of distilling
apparatus for various uses including the preparation of essential oils, on which
Forbes says he is a very good authority having had occasion to observe the
industry in Naples. Porta was the Wrst to give yields from diVerent materials.
He also deals with various stills designed to produce diVerent strengths of
alcohol, all with air cooled condensers; one still is heated by the sun. In the
same spirit as his Physiognomonia and Phytognomonica, in one section he
compares the stills and their functions with animals. Hot things require a still
with a short thick neck, just as nature has given ‘angry and furious creatures’
like the bear and the lion short strong necks. After this preliminary treatise on
stills, the other 8 books give more speciWc details of the preparation of perfumes
and the distillation of essential oils; resins; and woods; and the extraction of
virtues of substances, such as aqua vita essentia, that is alcohol.
The Wne author portrait by Giacomo Lauro or Iacobus Laurus (active
c.1583–c.1645) shows Porta aged 64 surrounded by motifs referring to his
his various studies: physiognomy, astrology, geometry, optics, fortiWcation,
cryptography and distilling.
Partington ii, pp. 15–25; R. J. Forbes, A short history of the art of distillation (1970)
pp. 117–121 (noting this work but in fact describing the distillation section of
Magia naturalis (1689); John Masxon Stillman, The Story of Early Chemistry
(1924), pp. 350–51.
155
POWER, Henry (1623–1668)
Experimental philosophy, in three books: containing new
experiments [brace] microscopical, mercurial, magnetical. With
some deductions, and probable hypotheses, raised from them, in
avouchment and illustration of the now famous atomical hypothesis.
London: printed by T. Roycroft, for John Martin, and James Allestry, at
the Bell in S. Pauls Church-yard, 1664.

4to: a4 (–a1) b–c4 B–2B4 c1, 108 of 109 leaves, pp. [22 of 24], 193 (i.e.
191, 185–6 omitted) [3] (errata on last leaf, verso blank). lacking
the imprimatur leaf a1. Titlepages to books II (on M3) and III
(on V4) dated 1663, divisional title ‘Subterraneous experiments, or,
Observations about cole­mines’ on Z2. Small woodcuts on pp. 13 and
39, full page woodcut on p. 173 and a half page woodcut on p. 175.
1 folding engraved plate (bound as a throwout at the end).
194 x 150mm. Titlepage soiled; light browning and staining in the
upper margins throughout.
Binding: Eighteenth­century half calf over marbled boards. Rebacked
and corners repaired. Plate soiled and a tear repaired on the verso.
Provenance: Errata corrected in a contemporary hand. An eighteenthcentury
owner, one John Ross, has experimented rather clumsily with
the calligraphy of his name and written some words of shorthand and
a rudimentary diagram on pp. 168–171.
First edition. The imprimatur leaf, lacking in this copy, is dated 5 August
1663. Wing P3099; ESTC R19395.
The Wrst English work on microscopy. The Wrst and largest book is taken
up with the descriptions (but only two rudimentary illustrations) of the
microscopic appearance of plants, insects and anatomical structures. The
second book is on ‘mercurial experiments’ that is experiments with the
vacuum tube, conWrming Boyle’s work and reporting Townley’s experiments;
and the third book is on magnetism. A brief appendix on experiments
conducted in mines is followed by an essay on the new philosophy where
he writes: ‘This is the Age wherein (me­thinks) Philosophy comes in with a
spring­tide... I see how all the old Rubbish must be thrown away’ (p. 192).
An early member of the Royal Society (elected in 1661), Power was thus
promoting its programme of experimental reseach, both through his example
and by his rhetoric.
When Hooke’s Micrographia was published in the following year, its
astonishing images diverted attention from Power’s work. Yet Hooke had
been worried that he might have been pre­empted by Power. He wrote
in the introduction to Micrographia: ‘After I had almost compleated these
Pictures and Observations... I was inform’d that the Ingenious Physitian Dr.
Henry Power had made several Microscopical Observations, which had I not
afterwards, upon our interchangable viewing each other’s Papers, found that
they were for the most part diVering from mine, either in the Subject it self,
or in the particulars taken notice of; and that his design was only to print
Observations without Pictures, I had even then suppressed what I had so far
proceeded in’ (g2v).
‘It was the Wrst book in English on microscopy and the Wrst in any language
to describe (along with Xora and fauna) the nature of various metals as seen
through a microscope. Power’s test of Boyle’s “spring of the air” hypothesis
show that he understood the need for precise instruments and that he
could conduct meticulously controlled experiments. Although his work on
microscopy was shortly eclipsed by that of Hooke and Swammerdam, Power
remains important as one who helped materially to realize the principles and
set the standards of inquiry and exposition formulated by the progenitors

and charter members of the Royal Society.’ (Gordon W. O’Brien, DSB
11:121b).
156
PRIMROSE (or PRIMEROSE), James (1600–1659)
Animadversiones in Johannis Wallaei, Medicinae apud Leydenses
professoris, disputationem medicam, quam pro circulatione sanguinis
Harveanâ proposuit: cui addita est, eiusdem de usu lienis adversus
medicos recentiores sententia.
Amsterdam: apud Joannem Janssonium, 1640.
4to: A–G4 , 28 leaves, pp. 56. Printer’s device on titlepage.
200 x 145mm, untrimmed. upper margin of title leaf frayed; light
foxing.
Binding: Recent quarter calf. ‘29’ in MS in the bottom corner of the
titlepage, indicating its former position in a tract volume.
Provenance: Old library stamp of Rostock universitiy on title and last
page.
First edition. Reprinted in Recentiorum disceptationes de motu cordis
(Leiden, 1647). Keynes p. 119 (with incorrect bibliographical
information, see below).
The Scottish physician James Primrose, was the Wrst of Harvey’s critics
to appear in print. Keynes says of him that ‘He was not only congenitally
unable to accept new ideas, but had a compulsive urge to combat them in
print’ (Keynes, Life of William Harvey, 1978, p. 320). His Exercitationes et
animadversiones in librum G. Harveii de motu cordis et circulatione sanguinis,
had appeared in London in 1630. Here he returns to the fray with an attack
on Harvey’s supporter, the Leyden professor Johannes Walaeus (1604–1649),
or rather the thesis of Roger Drake for which Walaeus had acted as praeses,
read in 1639 and published in 1640. Primrose published three more attacks
on Harveian supporters, two against Johannes Regius of utrecht in 1640; and
one against Vopiscus Plemp of Louvain in 1657.
This separately printed pamphlet is rare and not found in the standard
medical library catalogues. Keynes, in the Appendix to his bibliography of
Harvey, is in error in citing it as having been published at Leiden in 1639
(Appendix, p. 119). No such edition exists. The error seems to have arisen
(and is not corrected in the third edition of the bibliography, 1989) because
the 1639 Leiden edition of De motu cordis (Keynes 3) published by Johannis
Maire is sometimes bound with the Primrose and other pamphlets. But these
additonal pamphlets were printed in 1640 (as Keynes correctly states, but
he mistakenly attributes them all to Maire). It was perhaps Maire who put
together the composite volumes for sale in 1640 as he reprinted the additional
pamphlets, including the Primrose, to go with his re­issue of the 1639 edition
of De motu cordis, now under the title Recentiorum disceptationes de motu cordis,
published in 1647 (Keynes 6).
Although the present copy, which is untrimmed, has evidently been
extracted from a bound collection of pamphlets, it was presumably not bound

with De motu cordis (1639) as it has ‘29’ written on the titlepage, indicating
that it was the 29th item in a bound volume.
On Walaeus see J. Schouten, ‘Johannes Walaeus (1604–1649) and his experiments
on the circulation of the Blood’, Journal of Medicine and Allied Sciences 29
(1974) 259–279; and Walter Pagel ‘Johannes Walaeus – conWrmation and original
experimental ampliWcation of Harvey’s discovery (1641)’, in New Light on William
Harvey (1976), pp. 113–135.
157
PROCHASKA, Jiri (1749–1820)
De structura nervorum. Tractatus anatomicus tabulis aeneis
illustratus.
Vienna: apud Rudolphum GraeVer, 1779.
8vo: 4
* A–H8 I6 (–I6), 73 leaves, pp. [8] 137 [1] (errata on last page).
7 engraved plates: the Wrst signed ‘Georg Prochaska. del. G. Wagner.
Sc. 1779’, numbered Tab. I–VII (bound as foldouts in the text).
204 x 124mm. Light browning due to the poor quality of the paper.
Binding: Contemporary sand­grained green cloth, gilt spine lettering,
bookseller’s ticket of J. Burns, Portman Square, London. Slightly worn.
Provenance: Contemporary signature ‘A. Shaw’ on endleaf.
First edition. Wellcome IV, p. 441.
Prochaska’s Wrst work describing his anatomical researches on the nervous
system and containing a number of new observations. His major work
analyzing the function of the nervous system and introducing the concept of
reXex action, for which he is best known, is the Commentatio de funtionibus
systematis nervosi (1784).
Vladislav Kruta, DSB 11: 158–60; Edwin Clarke and Charles Donald O’Malley,
The Human Brain and Spinal Cord (1996) pp. 345–6.
158
PROCHASKA, Jiri (1749–1820)
Adnotationum academicarum.
Prague: Apud Wolfgangum Gerle, 1780–84.
3 parts 8vo: A–E8 (E8+1); A–I8 (–I8); p4 A–O8 , 228 leaves, pp. 81
[1blank]; 141 [1 blank]; [8] 223 [1 blank].
17 engraved plates, mostly folding, numbered Tab. I, II (on one plate),
I–IV; I–VII; I–V.
215 x 135mm, untrimmed. Title dustsoiled, light foxing.
Binding: Original yellow paper wrappers. Spine slightly frayed.
First edition. An English translation was published in 1851. Wellcome IV,
p. 441 (Wellcome copy lacking pt. i); Blake p. 364; Garrison–Morton
1386.

‘Prochaska introduced the idea of a “sensorium commune” in the central
nervous system, a consistent and comprehensive theory of reXex action’
(Garrison–Morton.)
‘Prochaska termed the central mechanism of the reXex the “sensorium
commune” which was not related to the soul. In the absence of knowledge
concerning its anatomical basis, this was necessarily vague, but there is
nevertheless a degree of clarity in Prochaska’s writings not found in those of
his predecessors.’ (Clarke and O’Malley p. 345.)
159
PuRKYNE, Jan Evangelista (1787–1869) and Gabriel VALENTIN
(1810–1883)
De motu vibratorio animalium vertebratorum. Observationes
recentissimas.
Nuremberg, 1835.
4to: 4
* 24 (–24 , 7 leaves, pp. 14.
2 lithographed plates signed ‘Auctores ad nat. Lith. Jnst. d K. L. Ac.
v. Henry & Cohen in Bonn’.
286 x 220. Margins of second plate discoloured.
Binding: Recent buckram.
OVprint, Academia Caesareo-Leopoldina Naturae Curiosorum 17 (1835)
843–854 and Tabs LXV–LXVI. The text is re­imposed and
repaginated with the original pagination printed in parentheses.
The Wrst illustrated paper on ciliary epithelial motion, discovered by Purkyne
and Valentin and Wrst reported earlier in the year in their unillustrated
monograph, De phaenomeno generali et fundamentali motus vibratori contini in
membranis (Breslau 1835, Garrison–Morton 602).
160
REMMELIN, Johann (1583–)
A survey of the microcosme: or, the anatomy of the bodies of
man and woman... useful for all physicians, chyrurgeons, statuaries,
painters, &c. By Michael Spaher of Tyrol, and Remilinus. Corrected
by Clopton Havers, M.D. and Fellow of the Royal Society. The second
edition.
London: printed for Dan. Midwinter, and Tho. Leigh at the Rose and
Crown in St. Paul’s-Church-Yard, 1702.
Broadsheet. Four letterpress leaves: [1], titlepage (verso blank); [2],
leaf signed ‘A’ printed recto and verso; [3–4], text, printed on one side
only.
4 engraved plates: plain plate of the superWcial veins and 3 dissected
plates with numerous Xaps, numbered ‘Visio prima–tertia’. ‘Visio
Prima’ and ‘Visio Secunda’ have letterpress leaves [3] and [4] pasted
to their versos.

410 x 310mm. Somewhat soiled, minor tears in page edges, corners worn.
Binding: Recent half sheep by Bernard Middleton.
Second Havers edition (Wrst 1695). Advertised in the Michaemas Term
Catalogue (October–December), 1702, at 10s (III, p. 326). Original
edition 1613; Wrst English edition 1670. ESTC T147736; Wellcome IV,
p. 504; Blake p. 378; Russell p. 84.
The English revision by Clopton Havers (1657–1702) of Remmelin’s
famous work. Russell considers this version to be anatomically the
most important of all the editions. Havers is know as the pioneer of
the microstructure of bone: his Osteologia nova was published in 1691.
The ultimate Xap anatomy, Remmelin’s Catoptrum microcosmicum was
an extension of the anatomical fugitive sheets available at the time.
But Remmelin’s three plates – an Adam and Eve plate; a male Wgure
and a female Wgure – are much larger and have many more layers of
images than any of the fugitive sheets. They were Wrst published at
Augsburg or ulm in 1613 with only brief explanation of the Wgures. An
explanatory text was published separately in 1614 and with the plates
in 1619. The text is not included in the present edition, the letterpress
of which provides only captions to the illustrations.
‘Of all the editions of the Catoptrum, whether in the original or
translation, the most signiWcant from the anatomical point of view
is the 1695 English version. This was “corrected by Clopton Havers,
M.D. and Fellow of the Royal Society” and has the most major surface
revisions of the plates. Many of the Vesalian Wgures are removed and
replaced by engravings from the works of Richard Lower (1631–1691),
Reiner de Graaf (1641–1673) and Steven Blankaart (1650–1704).
Although the major Wgures remain the same, the detail in the smaller
ones has been brought up to date in an honest attempt to make the
plates more useful. The 1695 plates were subsequently used, virtually
unaltered, in the 1702 and 1738 printings althought Havers had died
in 1702.’ (Russell p. 9.)
This English edition is a reprint of the 1695 edition with the imprint
on ‘Visio prima’ altered and the dedication to Samuel Pepys removed.
The plates are the Dutch copper plates by Cornelius Danckerts
engraved for the 1634 Latin–Dutch edition, to which the plain plate
of the superWcial veins, after Valverde, had been added. These were acquired
by Joseph Moxon and used in his edition of 1670, still with Dutch captions,
and again, heavily revised, in 1675. Another edition was printed by his son
James in 1691. The Wrst Havers edition was also published by James Moxon,
in 1695, with the plates extensively revised and diVerent subsidiary Wgures
inserted. From James Moxon the plates evidently passed into the hands of
Daniel Midwinter and Thomas Leigh who issued the 1702 edition; another
edition was issued by Daniel Midwinter alone in 1738. Confusingly Russell
says on p. 77 that the 1675 plates are copies of the Dutch plates; but then calls
the plates in the 1702 edition the ‘1695 Dutch plates’. From the EEBO images
it appears that all the English editions are printed from the Dutch plates, albeit
with very extensive re­working and many subsidiary Wgures changed.
Kenneth F. Russell, A Bibliography of Johann Remmelin the Anatomist (1991).

161
RIDLEY, Mark (1560–1624)
A short treatise of magneticall bodies and motions.
London: printed by Nicholas Okes, 1613.
4to: A4 (A2+a4 ) B–V4 X4 (+/–X3) (blanks A1 and X4), 88 leaves, pp.
[16] 157 [3] (Wrst and last 2 pages blank). Woodcut initials, printer’s
woodcut device dated 1610 on colophon on X3. Engraved titlepage
on A2 signed ‘R: Elstrak sculpsit’ (Johnson p. 15), engraved portrait
on a4v, 20 three­quarter page engravings in the text numbered Tab.
I–XX, that on T4 with a movable quadrant attached by a thread, 1
unnumbered half­page engraving on p. 143 and one woodcut on p. 152.
191 x 145mm. Purple mildew stains throughout but the paper
apparently resized and crisp; minor repairs to Wrst few leaves and initial
and terminal blanks and some other leaves chipped in the margins.
Binding: Newly stab­sewn and recased in what could be the original
vellum wrapper made from a contemporary indenture.
First edition, second issue with X3 cancelled and errata printed on the
replacement leaf. STC 21045.5; ESTC S123258; Adams & Waters,
2976; Wheeler Gift 86.
A landmark in the history of experimental science in England, this was the
most important work on magnetism after Gilbert’s De magnete (1600).
‘Dr Ridley, following up Dr Gilbert’s work, here presented directions for
a series of experiments on the lodestone, magnet, and terella which could
be carried out by anyone interested in the subject. He added engravings and
descriptions of his improvised instruments for determining the variation, and
for making use of the inclinatory needle for Wnding position at sea. This was
in accordance with the method published jointly by Edward Wright, Thomas
Blundeville, and Henry Briggs.’ (Taylor, Works, 126).
Like Gilbert, Ridley was a prominent fellow of the College of Physicians and
the two were close friends. But Ridley was dismissive of another contemporary
experimenter who was in contact with Gilbert, William Barlow. Barlow accused
Ridley of plagiarism, saying that Gilbert had shown Ridley the manuscript
of his Magneticall advertisements, not published until 1616. Ridley replied to
this accusation in his only other published work, Magnetical animadversions
(1617). He there ridiculed Barlow’s anti­Copernican arguments, pointing
out the recent discovery of Jupiter’s satellites by the telescope. It is therefore
interesting that Jupiter’s satellites are shown on the engraved titlepage of the
present work, published 4 years earlier.
In his address to the reader, Ridley discusses the images of the planets on
the titlepage, so presumably he had himself directed the engraver, Renald
Elstrack (1570–1625 or later). The lower half of the engraving seems to
show the entrance to a classical building, Xanked by paired Doric colums,
but above, the building disolves into a display of scientiWc instruments, the
planets, and an elephant with a howdah. Elstrack is regarded as the foremost
English engraver of his time, particularly as a portrait engraver (ODNB).
Johnson identiWed 24 titlepages engraved by him between 1610 and 1624.

It is obviously tempting to attribute the portrait of Ridley to Elstrack, but
Hind dismisses this on the grounds that the engraving is not up to Elstrack’s
standard. However the lettering on the titlepage and under the portrait does
seem to have been done by the same hand, but this could have been added by
a specialist letter engraver. The plates of instruments are less Wnely engraved,
and apart from their interest for the history of scientiWc instruments, they
include one with two circular polar maps, one showing Terra Australis, the
other New England and Virginia. The plate on p. 137 has an attached volvelle
in the form of a movable quadrant.
Although the mildew staining is unsightly, this is a good complete copy.
This kind of staining is impossible to remove without bleaching, but the
paper has been stabilised and repaired. The book was apparently originally
stab sewn through three holes in the vellum wrapper. During restoration,
which appears to have been done fairly recently, the text block has been
newly stab sewn through Wve holes and the wrapper glued to the spine. The
mildew staining is quite heavy on the vellum wrapper and the pattern matches
the text block. The wrapper is made from an indenture with a calligraphic
heading concerning the lease of some land to one James Waterman but the
date is missing. It could well have formed the book’s Wrst covering, but it is
now hard to be sure. Survivals of books stab sewn in simple vellum wrappers
like this are rare.
For Renald Elstrack and the attribution of the engraved portrait see Arthur Mayger
Hind, Engraving in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (1952) II.
379.40.
162
RIOLAN, Jean (1580–1657)
Encheiridium anatomicum et pathologicum. In quo ex naturali
constitutione partium, recessus à naturali statu demonstratur ad usum
Theatri Anatomici adornatum.
Leiden: ex oYcina Adriani Wygaerden, habitantis e regione acadmiae
[sic], 1649.
8vo: 8 2
* ** A–2C4 (2C4 + 1) 2D–2H8 , 259 leaves, pp. [20] 471 (i.e.
465, 411–416 omitted), [25]. Engraved title on * 1 signed ‘R. a. Persyn
sculp’. Woodcut printer’s device on letterpress title, woodcut head and
tail piece and initials.
24 engraved plates with letterpress explanations printed on conjugate
leaves numbered on the letterpress Tabula I–XXIV (bound at the end,
the engraved leaves folded in).
180 x 118mm. A few spots and light stains, but a very good fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, yapp fore edges.
Provenance: Signature clipped from free endleaf, neat early annotations
in the prelims and on p. 2 giving biographical notes on anatomists
mentioned in the text.
Second edition (Wrst Paris 1648, unillustrated). There were a number of
later editions, and an English translation, A sure guide; or, the best and

nearest way to physick and chyrurgery... being an anatomical description
of the whole body of man (1657) translated from the present edition
but with the plates used by Culpeper in his translation of Vesling
published in 1653 (Russell, British Anatomy, 2nd edition, 1987, p.
168.) Krivatsy 9667; Waller 7997; Wellcome IV, p. 530.
This is the Wrst illustrated edition of Riolan’s compendium of anatomy, in
which he expressed his opposition to Harvey’s view of the circulation of the
blood. Riolan only believed in a partial circulation, through the lungs and
through the supposed septum of the heart. Despite many critics Harvey had
remained silent for 21 years since the publication of De motu cordis in 1628,
but it was the Wrst edition of this work (1648) of Riolan’s that Wnally provoked
him to reply to his critics, in Exercitatio anatomica de circulatione sanguinis
(Cambridge, 1649). ‘Riolan was one of the most famous anatomists of his
time, and so was perhaps regarded by Harvey as specially worthy of an answer,
although by no means all his earlier opponents had been lesser lights’ (Keynes,
Bibliography of the writings of Dr William Harvey, 3rd ed. 1898, p. 72).
The Wne engraved titlepage by Reinier van Persijn (c. 1614–1668) incorporates
a dissection scene with portraits of Vesling, Riolan, A. Valcob, Guy
Patin and Albert Kijper. Behind them stand the Wgures of Medicina and
Asklepios, on either side of a cupboard containing surgical instruments.
Plates III and XXIV are signed by Persijn, and the rest are clearly by the
same hand.
An interesting insight into the expected distribution of this book, and
the international nature of Dutch publishing at this period, is revealed by
the directions to the binder which are given in Latin, French, German and
Dutch.
The plates are constructed in an unusual way, each having a conjugate leaf
of letterpress captions (thus there are 24 letterpress leaves, printed on versos
only). They were apparently printed on larger sheets, but as the instruction
to the binder indicates, these were cut up (using a template supplied by
the publisher) and stitched as 2 leaf sections, with the plate larger than its
accompanying text and folded in. The binder was instructed to make the
folds so that they were not in exactly the same place on adjacent plates and
then to trim the book as little as possible.
Wellcome and STCN describe a blank leaf 2C6, but in this copy the sewing
is between 2C2 and 3, so 2C seems to be a 4 leaf section plus a biofolium,
the second leaf of which is blank (and in this copy folded back so that the
stub is between sigs 2B and 2C).
163
RuDBECK, Olof (1630–1702)
Insidiae structae Olai Rudbeckii Sveci ductibus hepaticis
aquosis & vasis glandularum serosis, Arosiae editis, a Thoma
Bartholino.
Leiden: Ex oYcina Adriani Wingaerden, 1654.
8vo: p 2 A–I 8 K 6 L 4 (blank p2), 84 leaves, pp. [4] 164 (second leaf
blank), printer’s device on title, woodcut diagram on H8v.

150 x 88mm.
Binding: Nineteenth­century vellum boards, rebacked. Gilt stamp of
Schloss Altenberg on upper board. A manuscript Wgure 2 suggests this
was formerly bound with other tracts, and the binding is possibly a
reimboîtage.
First edition. Krivatsy 10006.
Rudbeck’s discovery of the lymphatic system, was reported in Nova exercitatio
anatomica, exhibens ductus hepaticos aquosos et vasa glandularum serosa
(Västerås, 1653). Just a few weeks earlier Thomas Bartholin’s Vasa lymphatica
was published at Copenhagen, reporting his independent discovery of the
lymphatics. In the ensuing priority dispute, Bartholin remained aloof but his
student, Martin Bogdan, attacked Rudbeck’s work accusing him of plagiarism
in Insidiae structae Thomae Bartholini Vasis lymphaticis ab Olao Rudbekio
(Frankfurt, 1654). Rudbeck defended himself in the present work. The
controversy continued with Bogdan’s response, Apologia pro vasis lymphaticis,
published in the same year, and Rudbeck’s Wnal statement of his position
in 1657 in Ad Thomam Bartholinum Danum Epistola, re­iterating his claims
to priority. (See Sten Lindroth, DSB 11: 587a; see also Pecquet, no. 150
above).
164
RuLAND, Martin, the younger (1569–1611)
Lexicon alchemiae sive dictionarium alchemisticum, cum
obscuriorum verborum, & rerum hermeticarum, tum Theophrast­
Paracelsicarum phrasium, planam explicationem continens.
Frankfurt: Cura ac sumptibus Zachariae Palthenii, librarii ac D. in libera
Francofurtensium repub., 1612.
4to: ):( 4 A–3P4 , 248 leaves, pp [8] 471 (i.e. 487, 479–487 misnumbered
945, 480, 465–71) [1] (last page blank). Woodcut device on title with
hieroglyphics, 2 woodcut illustrations in the margin of p. 22.
200 x 155mm. Paper browned, mostly lightly but heavier in a few
gatherings.
Binding: Contemporary sprinkled calf, red sprinkled edges. Leather
from bottom half of spine torn away, joints cracked but cords holding.
Provenance: Royal College of Medicine, Edinburgh, with cancelled
library stamp on last page.
First edition. The Wellcome and Neville copies are a variant with the
beginning of the dedicatory epistle repeated on ):(4, here blank. The
sheets were re­issued in 1661 with reset prelims. An English translation
was published in 1893 and reprinted in 1964. Wellcome I, 5638;
Krivatsy 10034; Ferguson II, p. 302; Duveen p. 520.
‘Ruland’s work is signiWcant as an illustration of the process of the assimilation
of Paracelsian reforms in medicine and chemistry, which had an important
impact on the development of those Welds in the late sixteenth and early
seventeenth centuries.’ (N. H. Clulee, DSB 11: 606b.)

Pagel mentions Ruland’s Lexicon as evidence for the long survival of gnostic
symbolism in alchemy in his entries such as ‘Water is Adam’ and ‘Earth is
Eve’ (Pagel, Paracelsus p. 210, n. 20).
There has been some confusion between the works of Martin Ruland the
elder (1532–1602) and Martin Ruland the younger (1569–1611). Ferguson and
Krivatsy attribute the Lexicon to the father, Krivatsy noting that the dedicatory
epistle is signed by the son but still insisting on the father’s authorship.
However Thorndike gives it to the son as does N. H. Clulee in DSB stating
categorically that the Lexicon is among the work ‘undoubtedly by Martin
Ruland the younger’ (Thorndike VII, p. 160; Clulee p. 606b).
165
SANTORIO, Santorio (1561–1636)
De statica medicina et de responsione ad staticomasticem.
Aphorismorum sectionibus septem comprehensa.
Venice: apud Marcum Antonium Brogiollum, 1634.
12mo: a12 A–F12 (blanks a12 and F12), 84 leaves, V. [12] 71 [1]
including the blanks. Woodcut device on title.
132 x 75mm. Stains on Wrst few leaves of text, otherwise a good copy.
Binding: Contemporary olive morocco, gilt panelled sides, marbled
paper pastedowns, gilt edges. Head and tail of spine chipped, rubbed,
corners worn.
Provenance: Signature ‘P. Guenault. D.M.P.’ on title and inscription
‘Ex dono D. de Ribodon’ on endleaf, both seventeenth­century; a
long note on Santorio and Guenault in a nineteenth­century hand
on endleaf, perhaps that of Paul Schmidt whose bookplate is on the
pastedown.
Third edition (Wrst 1614). Krivatsy 10236.
Santorio introduced quantitative methods into biological research. It was
through this collection of aphorisms that his work became widely known.
Enormously popular it went through a large number of editions.
The note on the endleaf concludes: ‘On voir au bas du titre le signature de
P. Guénault, celui qui Guy Patin appelait “empoisonneur chimique”, parce
qu’il prescrivait l’emploi de l’antimoine.’
For the Wrst edition see Garrison–Morton 573; Norman, One Hundred Books
Famous in Medicine 25.
166
SANTORIO, Santorio (1561–1636)
De statica medicina et de responsione ad staticomasticem
aphorismorum sectionibus octo comprehensa.
Leiden: apud Davidum Lopes de Haro, 1642.
12mo: † 10 A–E 12 F 6 G 2 , 78 leaves, pp. [20] 135 [1] (last page blank).

Woodcut printer’s device on title, woodcut initials and headpieces, full
page woodcut on †10 verso (recto blank).
122 x 51mm. Titlepage dustsoiled; woodcut cut close but image not
touched.
Binding: Nineteenth­century English polished calf.
Provenance: E. N. da C. Andrade with his bookplate; note in Walter
Pagel’s hand on endleaf.
Later edition (Wrst edition, Ars ... de staticas medicina, Venice 1614);
revised and enlarged as De medicina statica libri octo, Venice 1615, on
which the later editions are based. Krivatsy 10237.
This neatly produced edition of Santorio’s aphorisms is the Wrst to contain the
famous image of the author in a weighing chair with a table in front of him set
with food and wine. This was how he used to measure his own daily variation
in weight under diVerent conditions and to calculate the weight of invisible
excretions, which he found to be greater than all forms of visible excretions
combined. The ‘Aphorisms’ brieXy describes the results of the experiments
with the weighing chair and other instruments. InXuenced by Galileo, Santorio
‘opened the way to a mathematical and experimental analysis of physiological
and pathological phenomena’ (M. D. Grmek, DSB 12: 103–4).
167
SCHEuNEMANN, Henning (X. 1594–1613)
Hydromantia Paracelsica, hoc est, discursus philosophicus de novo
fonte in Saxonia electorali circa Oppidum Annebergam reperto, olim
S. Annaefons dicto.
Frankfurt: Prostant Francofurti in oYcina Zachariae Palthenii Doctoris,
1613 (1615).
4to: (:) 4 2(:) 2 A–O4 P2 (–P2) 63 of 64 leaves, pp. [12] 114. lacking
colophon leaf p2 dated 1615. Woodcut printer’s device on title,
woodcut of a still on p. 28.
183 x 148mm. Titlepage soiled, light browning and a few ink stains;
tear in last leaf repaired on verso.
Binding: Recent vellum boards covered with an antiphonal leaf
(probably northern France, Wfteenth century).
First edition. Krivatsy 10470; VD17 23:242100P.
A work on various methods of hydromancy, that is divination by observing
colours, ripples etc. in water. Scheunemann, a Rosicrucian, believed that he
had received Paracelsus’ principles by divine inspiration, though in his various
books in illustration of Paracelsus, he diverges from the master in several
respects (Ferguson ii, p. 334). Thorndike, the American historian, mentions
the present work but does not comment on it, the BM copy having been at
the binders when he tried to see it (Thorndike VII, p. 174, n. 100).
The publisher, Zacharias Palthenius (X. 1594–1614), was a physician and
editor of a number of medical works, though apparently not an author in his
own right.

168
SCHLEGEL, Paul Marquard (1605–1653)
De sanguinis motu commentatio, in qua praecipue in Joh. Riolani,
V. C. sententiam inquiritur.
Hamburg: typis Jacobi Rebenlini, sumptu Zach. Hertelii, Bibliob. Hamb,
1650.
4to: a–b4 A–R4 , 76 leaves, pp. [16] 133 [3] (last page blank).
174 x 140mm. Title leaf soiled and frayed in the margins, cut close at
the top; headlines shaved.
Binding: Recent sheep.
First edition. Wellcome V, p. 48; Krivatsy 10495; Keynes, Bibliography of
the writings of Dr William Harvey (3rd ed. 1898), p. 123.
This is a defence of Harvey’s discovery of the circulation, addressed to Riolan,
one of Harvey’s most signiWcant critics. Riolan’s Enchiridium anatomicum was
published in Paris in 1648 and in Leiden in 1649: Harvey’s reply, Exercitatio
anatomica de circulatione sanguinis was published later in the same year, the Wrst
response in print to any of his critics. Riolan continued his attack in Opuscula
anatomica nova (London, 1649). Schlegel replies to Riolan, and in the preface
he tells how he had failed to convert Caspar HoVmann (1572–1648), his
teacher. Harvey had personally demonstrated the circulation to HoVmann
at Nuremberg in 1636 (See Keynes, Bibliography p. 123; and Pagel, William
Harvey’s Biological Ideas, p. 196).
For an appraisal of Riolan’s position in the history of the reception of Harvey’s
discovery Pagel (op. cit., p. 75 n. 8) cites K. E. Rothschuh, Jean Riolan jun. (1580–
1657) im Streit mit Paul Marquart Schlegel (1605–1653) um die Blutbewegungslehre
Harveys. Ein Beitrag zu Geschichte und Psychologie des wissenschaftlichen Irrtums
Gesnerus, 1964, xxi, 72–82.
169
SCHRECK, Johann or TERRENTIuS (1576–1630)
Epistolium ex regno Sinarum ad mathematicos Euopaeos missum:
cum commentatiuncula J. Keppleri mathematici. Eiusdem ex
ephemeride anni M. DC. XXX, de insigni defectu solis, apotelesmata
calculi Rudolphini. Cum privilegio Caesareo ad annos XV.
Sagan: Excuderunt Petrus Cobius & Johannes Wiske, 1630.
4to: A–B4 C6 , 14 unnumbered leaves.
175 x 135. Paper slightly discoloured but a fresh copy.
Binding: Recent boards.
First edition. Caspar 82 (truncating the title and with incorrect collation);
Sommervogel VII, col. 1928, no. 9.
This collection of letters from Schreck, a Jesuit scientist working on calendar
reform in China, includes one to Kepler, with Kepler’s detailed reply. The

ook was the Wrst product of Kepler’s private press at Sagan where he had
moved in 1628 under the patronage of Albrecht von Wallenstein. Schreck
had been a student of Galileo and a member of the Academia dei Lincei in
Rome before being sent to China by the Jesuits.
‘The letter from Johannes Terrentius [Schreck] with commentary is a tidbit
with a connection to the Jesuits’ practice of science in China. Terrentius
wrote to his brothers from Hangchow with a report on his calendrical
activities and a request for the newest Wndings of Western astronomy
regarding lunar theory and the calculation of eclipses, speciWcally Kepler’s
“Hipparchus” (unpublished until modern times) and anything by Galileo.
Kepler commented on the letter line by line and gave an outline of his physical
lunar theory. Published two years later as the Wrst oVering from his new press
in Sagan, it apparently did not make it back to China before Terrentius’s
death (Voelkel p. 85).
Kepler’s commentary is on B1v–C6r, and the appendix, ‘ex Ephemeride
Anni M.DC.XXX’ on C6r–v dated at the end 15 January 1630.
James R. Voelkel, essay review, ‘Johannes Kepler: Gesammelte Werke, Band IX’,
Journal for the History of Astronomy, 28 (1997) 83–86.
170
SE˛DZIWÓJ, Michal, or SENDIVOGIuS (c. 1556–c. 1646)
A new light of alchymie: taken out of the fountaine of nature, and
manuall experience. To which is added a treatise of sulphur: written by
Micheel Sandivogius... Also nine books of the nature of things, written
by Paracelsus... Also a chymicall dictionary explaining hard places
and words met withall in the writings of Paracelsus, and other obscure
authors. All which are faithfully translated out of the Latin into the
English tongue, by J.F. M.D.
London, 1650.
4to: p A 4 A–V 4 ; p 2A 2A–2S 4 ; 3A–3F 4 , 184 leaves, pp. [16] 147 [5];
[8] 145 (i.e. 143, 105–106 omitted) [1]; [48]. Dated titlepage ‘Of the
nature of things’ on p 2A1 but lacking the titlepage to the last
section (an inset single leaf). Woodcut headpieces and initials.
177 x 133mm. Titlepage soiled and chipped in lower corner; p 2A4
cropped with loss of a line at the foot of the verso (removing the words
‘Dated at Villacum in the yeare, 1537’); paper browned and brittle and
with some isolated ink stains and water stains.
Binding: Eighteenth­century half calf, Xat gilt tooled spine. Joints
cracked but sound, spine and corners worn.
Provenance: underlining and a few annotations in an early hand in the
Wrst part, also some pencil annotations; later ink annotations in the last
part. Nineteenth­century bookseller’s ticket of W. Booth, Manchester;
cancelled Cambridge university Library stamp dated 1 Jan [18]72 and
shelf mark 19.10.76 on verso of title and pencil note on free endleaf,
‘duplicate see L.6.5’.

First edition in English. The Thomason copy is annotated 26 June.
Another edition was published in 1674. Wing S2506; ESTC R203736;
Duveen p. 544; Neville II. p. 455; Pritchard 432.1.
The three parts of this work, taken respectively from Sendivogius, Paracelsus
and Gerhard Dorn, are all compiled and translated by ‘J.F. M.D.’ who is
generally identiWed as John French (1616–1657), author of The art of distillation
(London, 1651).
The Wrst part is taken from one of the later editions of Sendivogius Novum
lumen chymicum (Wrst edition 1604) with the appended treatise on sulphur, for
example the Geneva edition of 1639, a copy of which was in Newton’s library.
The second part is a translation of part of Paracelsus’ Metamorphosis. The third
part is based on Gerhard Dorn, Dictionarium Theophrasti Paracelsi.
Newton owned copies of the Latin edition of Sendivogius of 1639 and this
edition of the translation, both books showing characteristic dog­earing. It
was in the 1670s that Newton began his intensive study of alchemy.
The separate titlepage to the dictionary is missing in this copy. It was
printed on a single leaf so would have required extra care from the binder to
secure it properly – if it was ever present.
For Newton’s study of Sendivogius, see John Harrison, The Library of Isaac Newton
(1978), nos 1192 and 1485; Richard Westfall, Never at Rest (1980), p. 292; and
Betty Jo Teeter Dobbs, The Foundations of Newton’s Alchemy (1975), p. 152V.
171
SERTÜRNER, Friedrich Wilhelm (1783–1841)
Kurze Darstellung einiger chemischen und physikalischen Erfahrungen
über Elementar­Attraction, mindermächtige Säuren und
Alkalien, Weinsäuren, Opium, Imponderabilien, und einige andere
Gegenstände, mit Bemerkungen über den EinXuss des Lichts auf unser
Erdsystem.
Göttingen: bei Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1820.
8vo, pp. 98 [2], errata on last leaf, verso blank.
166 x 98mm. Light foxing.
Binding: Modern half green calf over marbled boards, original plain
blue wrappers bound in.
First edition.
Sertürner was the Wrst to isolate morphine from opium in a paper of 1805
(Garrison–Morton 1839). In the years following he investigated the eVects of
morphine, which became widely used after 1815. The isolation of morphine,
an alkaloid, was the Wrst isolation of an active ingredient from a plant.

172
SEVERINO, Marco Aurelio (1580–1656)
Zootomia democritaea id est, anatome generalis totius animantium
opiWcii, libris quinque distincta, quorum seriem sequens facies
delineabit.
Nuremberg: Literis Endterianis, 1645.
4to: )(–3)( 4 A–3H4 , 228 leaves, pp. [24] 408 (i.e. 398, 72–81 omitted).
Engraved title, 2 full page engraved portraits with decorative borders,
and 42 anatomical woodcuts.
185 x 140mm. Light brown stain in inner margins of gatherings 2A–
2D. A Wne fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. Small defect to fore­edge of
lower board, but a very well preserved binding.
Provenance: Bernard Quaritch Ltd (price code on rear pastedown).
First edition. Cole 460; Garrison–Morton 289; Krivatsy 11026; Wellcome
V, p. 93.
‘The earliest comprehensive treatise on comparative anatomy’ (Cole
p. 132). Severino believed that by divine design a uniform plan underlies
all vertebrates. In a Wnal section he discusses methods of study: both
human and animal dissection are absolutely necessary and he mentions
the use of the microscope.
‘Severino viewed the study of anatomy as one way to uncover a clearer
knowledge of divine creation. Since man, animals, and plants form a
continuous hierarchical structure, the anatomy of all three must be studied
in conjunction. Severino recognized a close similarity between the anatomy
of man and of animals.’ (Charles B. Schmitt, DSB 12: 333b.)
F. J. Cole, A History of Comparative Anatomy (1944), pp. 132–149.
173
SOEMMERING, Samuel Thomas von (1755–1830)
Ueber das Organ der Seele.
Königsberg: bey Friedrich Nicolovius, 1796.
4to: p4 A–K4 L2 c2 , 48 leaves, pp. [8] 86 [2] (last page blank).
3 engraved plates, the Wrst signed ‘Koeck delineavit, Soemmering direxit,
Lud. Schmidt scups’ (the other 2 with the engraver’s signature only),
numbered Tab I, Tab I (an outline of the previous plate) and Tab II.
247 x 210mm. Worn and soiled, pencil annotations in the margins
erased.
Binding: Recent quarter calf.
Provenance: With an autograph letter from Walther Riese to Walter Pagel.
First edition. Blake, p. 424; Choulant–Frank p. 306; Norman 1973;
Warda, Kant, 159.
Soemmering held to the ancient notion that the cerebral cavities were the

seat of the soul. His investigation in support of this hypothesis advanced our
knowledge of the anatomy of the brain and provoked important philosophical
discussion.
‘The eVect of Soemmering’s publication was sensational. But it also provoked
much criticsm. It was openly rejected by others. What the profession had
to say was of minor importance when compared with the comments made by
two of Soemmering’s greatest contemporaries: Goethe and Kant. The work
was dedicated to Kant.’ (Riese p. 314.)
Soemmering corresponded with Kant before the publication of the book
and invited him to write a response to his work. Kant’s ‘Bemerkungen
zu Soemmering’s Ueber das Organ der Seele’ were appended to a letter to
Seommering, 10 August 1795, and Wrst printed here, on on pp. 81–86.
Tab I is ‘the Wrst correct picture of the mesial aspect of the cerebral
hemispheres, a sagittal section, showing the ventricular system and its walls’
(Riese p. 312). According to Choulant it was still the best available in 1852,
though Riese says that it falls far short of modern illustrations. Tab II
‘represents the fourth ventricle of the brain opened from above and from
behind’ (Choulant). The plates were drawn by Christian Koeck (1759–1825),
trained by Soemmering as a scientiWc draughtsman. Tab I is followed by an
outline plate, also labeled as Tab I; Tab II has the shaded and outline images
one above the other. The outlines are keyed to the printed captions on the
last leaf of letterpress.
Laid in is a long autograph letter from Walther Riese to Pagel (‘Mein Lieber
Walter (ohne H.) Pagel...’) dated 10 March 1966 and referring to Riese’s
article on the book (present as a photocopy).
Walther Riese, ‘The 150th anniversary of S. T. Soemmering’s Organ of the Soul.
The reaction of his contemporaries and its signiWcance today’, Bulletin of the History
of Medicine, 20 (1946) 310–321.
174
SPALLANZANI, Lazzaro (1729­1799)
De’ fenomeni della circolazione osservata nel giro universale de’
vasi; de’ fenomeni della circolazione languente; de’ moti del sangue
independenti dall’azione del cuore; e del pulsar delle arterie.
Modena: presso la Società TipograWca, 1773.
8vo: a4 A–X8 Y4 , 176 leaves, pp. viii 343 [1].
1 engraved plate (bound facing p. 4).
203 x 133mm. Some light foxing. A good fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary sheep backed boards. Worn.
Provenance: Presentation copy to Charles Bonnet (1720–1793) with
inscription ‘Donné p. l’Aut’ and Bonnet’s signature. Walter Pagel’s
signature dated 1956 on pastedown.
First edition. Norman Library 1980.
‘Spallanzani demonstrated that the arterial pulse is due not to mere cardiac
displacements but to lateral pressure upon and expansile wall from cardiac
impulsions conveyed by the blood column. A total of 337 experiments were

outlined and expounded in four dissertations, forming a treatise on the
dynamics of circulation that appeared as De’ fenomeni della circolazione...
(1773).’ (Claude E. Dolman, DSB 12, 556–7.)
175
SPIEGHEL, Adriaan van de (1578–1625); Giulio Cesare CASSERI
(c. 1552–1616); Daniel BuCRETIuS (d. 1631)
De humani corporis fabrica libri decem, Tabulis XCIIX aeri
incisis elegantissimis, nec ante hac visis exornati... Opus posthumum.
Daniel Bucretius Vratislaviensis Philos. et Medic. D. Jussu authoris in
lucem profert.
[Bound, as issued, with:]
Iulii Casserii... Tabulae anatomicae LXXIIX, omnes novae nec ante
hac visae. Daniel Bucretius... XX qu[a]e deerant supplevit et omnium
explicationes addidit.
Venice: [colophon on verso of last leaf of plates:] apud Evangelistam
Deuchinum, 1627.
Folio: ✠6 A–2V4 (blank 2V4); c4 (–c4), T1–92, (misnumbered
from 85 to the end), 446 leaves, pp. [12] 328 (i.e. 330, last
page misnumbered) [14] (last 2 pages blank); [6] and leaves
1–92 (misnumbered after 85). Woodcut headpieces and initials.
Engraved titles signed ‘Franc. Valesius Sculpsit. Odoratus
Fialetus’ on ✠1 and c1 (the same plate with the lettering altered);
92 full page engravings printed on the rectos of T1–92 with
letterpress descriptions on the versos, except the last which has
the colophon on the verso with woodcut printer’s device.
385 x 255. First titlepage soiled and worn, preliminaries a little
soiled and stained; plates slightly soiled and a few with marginal
repairs, one or two aVecting the engraved surface, abrasion to
surface of plate 85 with some loss.
Binding: Recent half calf, red edges from a former binding.
Provenance: Old inscription on title scored through
(undeciphered), signature ‘Davidson’ and annotations on endleaf
and Wnal blank (early nineteenth century?).
First edition. Another edition, with half­size copies of the plates,
was printed at Frankfurt in 1632. Krivatsy 11297, 2202; Choulant
pp. 226–228; Roberts and Tomlinson pp. 262–271.
One of the most attractive of the great anatomical atlases containing
the Wnest anatomical engravings of the seventeenth century, ‘a
vigorous and concrete contribution to the development of anatomical
illustration’ (DSB).
‘The illustrations for this ambitious project marked a signiWcant
departure from the Vesalian prototype that had dominated illustrated
anatomical texts throughout Europe during the last half of the
sixteenth century. Its illustrations were innovative and inventive,

ut they had little inXuence on subsequent publications.’ (Cazort p.
167.)
Both Casserius and Spigellius had studied with Fabricius in Padua,
and succeeded him in turn in the chair of surgery and anatomy. When
Casserius died in 1616 he left no written text for a projected complete
atlas of human anatomy but only a collection of 86 plates. Spigellius
died in 1625 leaving two un­illustrated manuscripts, De humani corporis
fabrica libri decem and De formato foetu. It was left to Spigellius’ young
Polish pupil, Daniel RindXeisch or Bucretius to put together the text
and illustrations, printed from the original plates, adding 20 new
plates by the original artists. He was assisted by Spigellius’ son­in­law,
Liberalis Crema. De formato foetu, with 9 plates, was published Wrst,
at Padua in 1626, followed by De humani corporis fabrica, the present
work, at Venice in 1627.
The design and execution of the plates has traditionally been
attributed to the artist Odorati Fialetti (1573–1638) and the engraver
Francesco Valesio (1560–1648?) who were responsible for the engraved
titlepages. Cazort Wnds no reason to doubt that the designer of the
plates was Fialetti, saying that ‘the imaginative scope of the Casserius
illustrations is in accord with this still under appreciated printmaker’
(Cazort p. 168). On the other hand the variation in the quality of the
engravings suggests that several hands may be at work.
The Wrst engraved titlepage is rather worn, but the second, printed
from the same plate but with the lettering altered, is in much better
condition.
Mimi Cazort, Monique Kornell and K. B. Roberts, The ingenious machine
of nature (1996) pp. 167–8.
176
STENSEN, Nils, or STENO (1638–1686)
Elementorum myologiae specimen, seu musculi descriptio
geometrica. Cui accedunt canis carchariae dissectum caput, et
dissectus piscis ex canum genere.
Florence: ex typographia sub signo stellae, 1667.
4to: ✠ 4 A–P 4 Q 2 , 66 leaves, pp. [8] 123 [1] (last page blank). Woodcut
Medici arms on title, typographical headpieces, woodcut initials.
Woodcut diagrams in the text.
7 plates: 3 large folding woodcut plates numbered Tabula I–III and 4
full page engraved plates numbered Tab. [IV], V, [VI], VII. (bound at
the end with the engravings Wrst).
280 x 167. Small stain in prelims, some very light foxing. A Wne fresh
and clean copy.
Binding: Eighteenth­century roan backed boards, vellum tips, gilt
tooled spine. A little rubbed, front endleaf removed.

Provenance: About 50 words of contemporary annotation and 3 pen
and ink diagrams added.
First edition. The work was reprinted at Amsterdam in 1669. Wellcome
V, p. 181; Garrison–Morton 577; LeFanu, Notable Medical Books from
the Lilly Library p. 79.
This is one of the most remarkable of the scientiWc classics because it made
seminal contributions to three quite distinct Welds: myology, embryology
and geology. First, Stensen shows muscular contraction is not due to an
inXux of nerve Xuid, but that on the contrary, the volume of muscle does
not increase during contraction. His purely geometrical description of
muscular contraction, written in collaboration with the mathematician
Vincenzio Viviani (1622–1703), laid the foundation of muscle mechanics.
The next section of the book describes the dissection of a shark’s head,
shown in a memorable and often reproduced plate. This led Stensen to the
discovery that the so­called tongue­stones, common on Malta, are fossilised
shark’s teeth. Discussing how fossils are formed, Stensen outlines the basic
principles of modern geology and gained for the work the title of ‘The
earliest geological treatise’ (Garboe, quoted in Garrison–Morton). Finally,
there is a study in comparative anatomy demonstrating the correspondence
between the roe of dogWsh and the ovaries in women. This was the Wrst
recognition of the egg­producing function of the female ovary.
Stensen was born in Denmark and studied under Thomas Bartholin
at Copenhagen. His Wrst work on the muscles, De musculis et glandulis
observationum, was published at Copenhagen in 1664. He then settled in
Florence, where the present work was published, and two years later the
same publisher issued his classic treatise on geology and paleontology, De
solido (Florence 1669), intended as an introduction to a larger work that
was never written. Stensen was a Wne draughtsman and presumably the
illustrations in the present work were engraved from his drawings.
177
TACHENIuS, Otto (X. 1664­1699)
Otto Tachenius his Hippocrates chymicus discovering the ancient
foundation of the late viperine salt with his Clavis thereunto annexed.
Translated by J. W.
London: printed and are to be sold by Nath: Crouch at the George at the
lower end of Cornhill over against the Stocks Market, 1677.
4to: [A] 4 (–[A]2) a–b 4 B–R 4 S 2 ; 2A–2T 4 , 153 leaves, pp. [22] 122 [10];
[14] 120 (i.e. 124, 15–18 repeated) [14]. Engraved title printed on A1
signed ‘Johannes Drapontier sculpsit’; 2A1 sectional titlepage, ‘Otto
Tachenius his clavis’ dated 1677; errata on last leaf.
196 x 140mm. Worm tracks and holes in the margins aVecting the
engraved title and some shoulder notes, fore margin of engraved title
shaved; errata leaf strengthened with Japanese tissue on both sides;
some light staining and soiling and light browning.

Binding: Contemporary panelled calf. Rebacked with original gilt spine
laid down.
Provenance: Extensive annotation in a contemporary hand on
endleaves and in the margins of about 12 pages, as well as frequent
underlining and pointing Wsts; contemporary or early signature of
‘Justice Jones’ on pastedown and title; and inscription ‘Thomas
Williams his booke’ on p. 10.
First edition in English, issue without printed titlepage, translated from
Hipprocrates chimicus (Venice 1666) and Antiquissimae Hippocraticae
medicinae clavis (Brunswick 1668). The English edition was later reissued
twice, without the printed title and with the imprint on the
engraved title altered and dated 1690 and 1696. Wing T98; ESTC
R39114; Cole 1259; Neville II, p. 533; Pritchard 416 (citing the 1690
issue).
Tachenius introduced the acid­alkali theory of Sylvius into Italy, professing
to Wnd it in the writings of Hippocrates and Galen (Partington II, p.
292). ‘Correctly demonstrating that salts result from the reaction of acids
and alkalies, he also showed that weak acids and alkalies can be displaced
from salts by stronger ones. He prepared concentrated acetic acid from
verdigris by distillation and proved by quantitative experiments that this
acid occurs in vinegar. Tachenius knew that the stomach contains acid,
which he believed forms a salt with alkalies in food during digestion.’
(Neville.)
The engraved titlepage follows the design of the titlepage by Merian to
the Museum Hermeticum (1625). The same four medallions on either side
of the title symbolise the four elements, but the top medallion now shows
four miners and the bottom one the interior of an apothecaries shop. These
are derived from the titlepage of the third tract of the Museum Hermeticum
(see Read, Prelude p. 167, plate 30 and p. 306, n. 3).
Four out of sixteen copies located by ESTC are, like this copy, without
the letterpress titlepage: these include the author’s presentation copy in the
Folger Library. The wording of the letterpress title is slightly diVerent from
that on the engraved title, with ‘which discovers’ instead of ‘discovering’
and without ‘annexed’ after ‘thereunto’. The imprint in the letterpress
is ‘printed for Thomas James, and are to be sold by Nath. Crouch in
Exchange­Alley over against the Royal Exchange in Corn­Hill, 1677’ (the
same imprint is on the sectional title to the second part). Crouch moved
from Exchange Alley to the George at about this time, so perhaps the
letterpress title was suppressed because the address was out of date.
178
THEATRuM CHEMICuM
Theatrum chemicum praecipuos selectorum auctorum tractatus de
chemiae et lapidis philosophici antiquitate, veritate, jure, praestantia et
operationibus continens.
Strasbourg: sumptibus Lazari Zetzneri, 1613–1661.

6 vols 8vo:
I. 1613: ):( 4 A–3K8 3L4 (blank 3L4), 456 leaves, pp. [8] 869 (i.e. 871,
314–315 repeated) [30, index] [3, blank].
II. 1613: A–2P8 , 304 leaves, pp. [4] 598 [6]. lacking a folding
leaf of plates at p. 114.
III. 1613: A–3M8 , 464 leaves, pp. [4] 911 [12, index] [1, blank].
1 folded leaf of plates at p. 881.
De magni lapidis, 1613, A–B8 (blanks B7,8), 16 leaves, pp. 28
[4, blank].
IV. 1613: ):( 4 A–4D8 4E4 4F2 , 594 leaves, pp. [8] 1146 [33]
[1, blank]. 3 folding leaves of plates, at pp. 168, 174 and 663. lacking
a folding leaf of plates at p. 844.
V. 1622: ( * ) 4 A–O8 2O8 , P–3T8 3V4 , 536 leaves, pp. [8] 208, V.
209–219 [1] 219–222, pp. 223–1009 [31, index].
VI. 1661: 8 2
* ** (–** 2) A–3D8 (–3D8 ), 408 leaves, pp. [18] 772
[25, index and errata] [1, blank].
Woodcut printer’s device on titles, woodcut illustrations, diagrams,
Hebrew letters and hieroglyphic symbols in the text.
Vols I–V, 165 x 100mm; vol. VI. 180 x 115mm. Vol. I: titlepage frayed;
hole in pp. 609/10 restored with 13 words supplied in MS; II: H4,5
soiled in the margins; sigs 2K and 2L with wormtracks aVecting
several letters; III: hole in Wrst 8 leaves with loss of several letters;
sigs 2F and 2G with shoulder notes cropped; IV: titlepage soiled; K8,
K1, L8, M1, M8 and N1 stained from old repairs; V: sigs X–2A with
worming aVecting the text; VI: worming in lower margin, not aVecting
any text. Light browning and waterstaining to all volumes.
Binding: uniformly bound in 5 volumes (vols I and II in 1 volume)
in contemporary vellum boards. Several gatherings sprung; front free
endleaves of vols I and IV removed, some soiling.
Provenance: Ex libris inscription of Ottonis Tacket[?] on each title,
that on vol. IV dated 1650 [?]; another inscription on each title
‘[undeciphered] studiis O. G. Oxemanni’; early annotations, mostly
quite sparse. Walter Pagel’s signature in each volume.
Second edition of vols I–IV (Wrst ursel 1602 in 4 volumes), Wrst edition
of vol. V, 1622 and VI, 1661 (the last was also issued with reprints of
vols I–V, 1659). The collation in OCLC 9458753 does not include De
magni lapidis, here bound after vol. III, nor sig 2O2 in vol. V. These
were perhaps later additions. They are also present in the Neville copy.
Duveen p. 574; Neville II, pp. 538–39; cf. Ferguson II, p. 436 (1659–61).
‘The collection contains well over 100 alchemical tracts, including reprints
of contemporary authors and printed versions of unpublished medieval
manuscripts, some of which are now lost’ (Neville).

179
TuLP, Nicolaas (1593–1674)
Observationum medicarum libri tres.
Amsterdam: apud Ludovicum Elzevirium, 1641.
8vo: 8
* (–* 8, blank) A–R8 , S4 , 147 of 148 leaves, pp. [14] 279 [1] (last
page blank). Prelims bound out of order. Woodcut device on title,
woodcut initial on * 2; 15 engraved illustrations printed in the text,
numbered Tab. I–XIIII and 1 un­numbered.
152 x 95mm. Titlepage soiled; waterstains, mostly marginal.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, recovered in the eighteenthcentury
with a calf spine, gilt, and pastepaper sides. Endleaves removed.
Provenance: 5 word early annotation on p. 207; 9 line poem on Tulp
written in an eighteenth­century hand on a blank preliminary page.
First edition, in three books. An enlarged edition, with a fourth book,
was published in 1652 and 1672. Willems 980; Krivatsy 12007; Waller
9715; Norman Library 2114.
Tulp’s main work, containing descriptions of 228 cases. These contain some
valuable observations, including the ileocecal valve, ‘Tulp’s valve’; the chyle
vessels of the small intestine; and the Wrst description of beriberi. The book
also contains the Wrst description of the chimpanzee, which Tulp calls an
ourangoutang.
In the well known Rembrandt painting, ‘The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp’
(Mauritshuis, The Hague), Tulp is shown giving a demonstration with an
opened body. The painting was commissioned by the Surgeon’s Guild of
Amsterdam in 1632. Tulp had the personal title of professor anatomiae and
was charged with teaching the surgeons of Amsterdam, giving lectures and
public dissections.
180
VESALIuS, Andreas (1514–1564)
Epitome anatomica. Opus redivivum, cui accessere, notae ac
commentaria P. Paaw.
Leiden: ex oYcina Justi à Colster [colophon] ex oYcina typographica Ulrici
Corn: Honthorstii, 1616.
4to: * 4 A–2E 4 , 2F 2 , 118 leaves, pp. [10] 226 [2] (last page blank).
Engraved device on title, woodcut initials and tailpieces. 12 engraved
illustrations printed in the text. lacking the folding plate. With
an additional preliminary leaf taken from another work bound after
* 4.
194 x 149mm. engravings on pp, 17 and 206 just shaved; corners of
2C3 and 2C4 torn away and paper restored with loss of a few letters
and a small portion of the engraving on p. 206; light browning and
foxing.

Binding: Nineteenth­century half roan, marbled endleaves, red edges.
First Paaw edition (Wrst edition, folio, Basle, 1543). Cushing VI D­19;
Krivatsy 12320; Manchester 1783; Waller 99121.
A reprint of the Epitome with commentary by Paaw and an extra chapter,
‘De externarum humani corporis sedium partiumve citra dissectionem
occurrentium appellationes’ (pp. 215–226).
12 engravings are printed in the text, fragments from the Fabrica; a 13th
engraving printed on a folding leaf normally inserted betweeen pp. 66 and 67
is lacking in this copy. An additional preliminary leaf in this copy contains a
poem by Menelaus Winshemius addressed to Paaw headed ‘In osteologiam
Clarissimi Doctissimique viri D. D. Petri Paawii’. It is signed **V and
presumably comes from another work.
181
VESLING, Johann (1598–1649)
Syntagma anatomicum locis plurimis auctum, emendatum, novisque
iconibus diligenter exornatum. Secunda editio ab extrema auctoris
manu.
Padua: typis Pauli Frambotti Bibliopolae, 1651.
Folio: [✠] 4 2✠4 A–2N4 (blank 2N4), 152 leaves, pp. [16] 276 [12] (last
2 pages blank). Engraved titlepage on [✠]1r, engraved portrait of the
author on 2✠4v and 20 full­page engravings printed in the gatherings,
with blank versos. The pagination is omitted from these leaves,
including the last, which would be pp. 275/6, followed by 10 pages of
index on 2M3r–2N3v; 2N4 is blank.
238 x 182mm. Waterstains in margins and some dustsoiling.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, red sprinkled edges. Worn,
joints starting to split.
Provenance: Early inscription on title [undeciphered] and an
annotation on p. 75 referring to de Graaf.
Second (or third?) authorised illustrated edition (Wrst edition, Frambotti,
Padua 1641; Wrst illustrated edition, Frambotti, Padua 1647). Krivatsy
12329; Wellcome V, p. 346; Choulant–Frank p. 243.
‘Vesling’s reputation rests on his excellent powers of observation... On 30
December 1632 Vesling was appointed professor of anatomy and surgery [at
Padua], and at the beginning of 1633 he returned from Egypt. Vesling proved
to be a very able teacher and enlivened his lectures with drawings that he
himself had prepared and that were later used in his Syntagma anatomicum.
This textbook, characterized by a concise style, went through many editions
and was translated into several languages. Of particular scientiWc value are his
descriptions and illustrations of the chyle vessels (lacteals) and his assertion
that four is the normal number of pulmonary veins emptying into the left
auricle of the heart. Further, he was the Wrst to see the ductus thoracicus, but
he did not mention the discovery until 1649, in a letter to Thomas Bartholin.’
(Erich Hintzsche, DSB, 14:12–13.)

‘The present work is his most important contribution and was popular as
a textbook for a number of years. Vesling aimed to explain the parts of the
body as they were encountered during dissection and to avoid discussion of
theoretical matters in order not to create confusion. However, he departed
from his stated purpose to give a clear picture of the circulation of the blood
and action of the heart based on Harvey’s research.’ (Heirs of Hippocrates
p. 177.)
The illustrations ‘were intended for the commonest needs but are mostly
original engravings and represent some organs of the body more correctly than
their predecessors. They were very popular at the time of their appearance and
have been frequently re­engraved’ (Choulant­Frank p. 243). The engraved
title­page depicts the anatomy theatre at Padua; it is signed ‘Jo. Georgius
sculp.’ and has Frambotti’s imprint dated 1647; the portrait, also by Georgius,
shows Vesling aged 48; and the plates are also by him, signed ‘GG’ or ‘G Georgi
fecit’.
Vesling came from a German Catholic family who Xed to Vienna to
escape religious persecution. He attended secondary school and studied
medicine at Venice and Leiden, then taught anatomy in Venice where his
lectures and anatomical demonstrations became so famous that students
from Padua travelled to Venice to hear him. He went to Egypt as physician
to Alvise Cornaro in 1628 and returned to Italy in 1633 to take up the chair
of anatomy at Padua.
The Wrst edition of 1641, in 8vo, was unillustrated and has a slightly
diVerent title, Syntagma anatomicum publicis dissectionibus, in auditorum usum,
diligenter aptatum. The present edition is a reprint of the 1647 edition, with the
same pagination and using the same plates. All three of these editions were
published by Paolo Frambotti at Padua. The 1641 edition was reprinted as
a duodecimo at Frankfurt in the same year; and a piracy of the 1647 edition
was published by Janssonius at Amsterdam in that year. In addition, the
Wellcome library has a page for page reprint with Frambotti’s imprint, with
the errata corrected but omitting the privileges and portrait, which could be
another piracy.
182
VIEuSSENS, Raymond (1641?–1715)
Neurographia universalis. Hoc est omnium corporis humani
nervorum simul & cerebri, medullaeque spinalis descriptio anatomica;
eaque integra et accurata, variis iconibus Wdeliter & ad vivum
delineatis, aeréque incisis illustrata: cum ipsorum actione et usu,
physico discursu explicatis, editio nova.
Lyon: Lugduni Apud Joannem Certe, in vico Mercatorio sub signo
Trinitatis, 1684.
Folio: ã 4 e˜ 4 A–2H 4 2I 2 a1, 135 leaves, pp. [16] 252 [2]. Errata on last
2 pages. Title printed in red and black with an engraved device signed
‘MB’; woodcut headpieces and initials. 8 engravings printed in the text
(Tabs IX, X, XIV–XVII, XXII, XXX).

21 of 24 engraved plates, lacking tabs iv, v and xxiii, replaced
with copies taken from other editions: engraved arms of the
dedicatee, Pierre de Roussy, archbishop of Narbonne, engraved
portrait of the author signed ‘Math: Boulanger Fe.’ and 22 anatomical
plates signed ‘Beaudeau sculpsit. monsp’, 16 folding, several made up
of 2 or more sheets pasted together, numbered continuously with the
engravings printed in the text.
There are 30 anatomical illustrations in all, numbered I–XXX, signed
‘Beaudeau sculpsit Monsp.’ except XX and XXX unsigned.
341 x 220mm. A few leaves lightly browned. A Wne fresh clean and
large copy.
Binding: Eighteenth­century English panelled calf. Neat repairs to
joints and head and tail caps; corners worn.
Provenance: Thomas Symonds of Pengethley with his signature,
purchase price 30s, engraved bookplate, notes and inserted index (see
below).
First edition (some copies dated 1685). An ‘editio novissima’ was printed
by Certe in 1716. There was a Frankfurt reprint in 1690 and an edition
printed at Toulouse in 1775. Wellcome V, p. 350 (1685 titlepage);
Krivatsy 12403 (1685 titlepage); Garison–Morton 1379; Norman
Library 2153; LeFanu, Notable Medical Books in the Lilly Library p. 95;
En français dans le texte 120.
The best description and illustrations of the nervous system made in the seventeenth
century. Based on 500 dissections, all the illustrations are life size.
‘It was illustrated with thirty particularly Wne engravings by Jean Beaudeau,
most of them on foldout pages larger than the pages of the book. It also
contained a splendid portrait of the author by Boulanger. Vieussens was an
untiring dissector, and his work revealed the structure and arrangement of
the nervous system better than any predecessor in addition to recording new
and correct observations. For example, he showed that the spinal cord was
an independent structure, not merely an appendage of the brain, and he Wrst
deWned the contrum ovale’. (LeFanu.)
‘Vieussens, professor at Montpellier, was the Wrst to describe the centrum
ovale correctly. The publication of the above work threw new light on the
subject of the conWguration and structure of the brain, spinal cord, and
nerves.’ (Garrison–Morton).
The two largest plates (Tabs XXVIII and XXIX) are each made up of 6
sheets pasted together. In order to show both the left and right sides of the
body, the left hand side of the plate is made up from the direct impressions
of three engravings, the right hand side from counter­proofs of the same
plates. The majority of the plates are signed ‘Beaudeau sculpsit Monsp.’
The engraver was thus presumably working directly in Montpellier under
Vieussens’ direction. Le Fanu supplies a forename, ‘Jean’, but I can Wnd no
other information on Beaudeau. The portrait and ‘JC’ monogram device on
the title are probably both by Mathieu Boulanger, who signed the portrait.
Bénézit lists an engraver of this name active in Paris in the seventeenth century
but gives no other details.
In some copies the date on the titlepage is 1685; both titles have the words

‘editio nova’, in this case meaning a new and original publication, rather than
a new edition. When Jean Certe produced another edition in 1716, the year
after Vieussen’s death, he called it ‘editio novissima’.
The former owner of this copy, Thomas Symonds of Pengethley Manor,
Herefordshire (now a Hotel) paid 30s for the copy, but then noted that it was
listed in Thomas Osborne’s Catalogue, 1752, at 9s. He has written a note
on the book, comparing it with other works on neurology, on the pastedown
(22 lines) and his 8­page MS index is tipped in. The errata are corrected and
there are annotations on Tab XXIII (one of the plates that does not belong
to this edition), as well as pencil annotations in the margins which may also
be in Symonds’ hand.
Three plates do not belong to this edition. Two of these at least, plates IV
and V, were replaced before binding and may come from the 1716 edition,
though I have not compared them. They are the same size as the originals
and close copies; Tab IV is unsigned and Tab V signed ‘L. spirinx f.’ On the
other hand, Tab. XXIII is from the 1690 Frankfurt edition, smaller than the
original and signed ‘J. G. Bodenehr sc. Aug.’.
183
WEIDLER, Johann Friedrich (1691–1755)
Historia astronomiae sive de ortu et progressu astronomiae.
Wittemberg: sumtibus Gottlieb Heinrici Schwartzii [colophon:] Prelo
Ephraim Gottlob Eichsfeldi Academiae a typis, 1741.
4to: ):(–3):( 4 A–4O4 , 344 leaves, pp. [24] 624 [40]. Title printed in red and
black with small woodcut ornament, woodcut headpieces and initials.
206 x 170mm. Moderate browning and foxing.
Binding: Nineteenth­century vellum boards. Soiled.
Provenance: J. Lee with his armorial bookplate and acquisition note
‘purchased at the sale of the eVects of the late James Epps Esq.
repaired. Mr. Marshall. Aylesbury. 1843 January. No. 24/21’.
First edition. Houzeau & Lancaster 11; Lalande, p. 414.
The Wrst complete history of astronomy, arranged by authors with an article on
each of their works. For Lalande in 1803 it was still the most useful compendium,
even after the publication of Bailly’s 4 volume history, 1775–1783.
184
WEIGEL, Valentine (1533–1588)
Astrologie theologized: wherein is set forth, what astrologie, and the
light of nature is. What inXuence the starres naturally have on man,
and how the same may be diverted and avoided.
London: printed for George Whittington, at the blue Anchor in Cornhill,
neer the Royall Exchange, 1649.
4to: A–F 4 , 24 leaves, pp. [2] 48. Woodcut headpiece and initial.

180 x 133mm. Title dustsoiled and waterstained and corner chipped;
lighter soiling and light browning in the text; page numbers on A3
shaved.
Binding: Twentieth­century half calf.
Provenance: Early signatures on title, scored through.
First edition in English, a translation of Astrologia Theologizata (in Latin,
Frankfurt 1617) or the German translation of that work (Halle 1618).
Wing W1255; ESTC R204068.
The original edition was published anonymously and its authorship has been
disputed. ‘But whether written by Weigel or later by one of his school, it is
a good illustration of the way in which mystically inclined Christians of that
period endeavoured to make spiritual conquest of the prevailing Astrology
and, through its help, to discover the nature of the inner, hidden universe.’
(Jones pp. 148–9).
Weigel was a German theologian, philosopher and mystical writer, an
important precursor of theosophy. The author is stated to be Valentine
Weigelius on the title, with no further information, and the text starts
immediately without preamble. The Wrst chapter is headed ‘What Astrologie
is, and what Theologie; and how they have reference to one another’. At the
foot of the last page are a few errata and ‘Imprimatur. Theodore Jennings’.
Rufus Matthew Jones, Spiritual reformers in the 16th & 17th centuries (1914).
185
WEISS, Christian Samuel (1780–1856)
Abhandlung über die Preisfrage: “Ist die Materie des Lichts und
des Feuers die nämliche, oder eine verschiedene? Giebt es eine eigene
Wärmematerie u. s. w.” [Xy title:] Versuch einer Beantwortung der
von der physischen Klasse der churfürstlich­bayerischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften für das Jahr 1799 aufgeworfenen Preisfrage... Gekrönte
Presischrift am 28sten März 1801.
Munich: im akademischen Verlage, 1803.
8vo: p2 A–K8 L4 , 86 leaves, pp. [4] 167 [1] (last page blank). p1
Physikalische Abhandlungen titlepage with woodcut arms; p2, main
titlepage ‘Abhandlung...’; A1, Xy title, ‘Versuch einer Beantwortung
der von der physikalischen Klass...’.
200 x 115mm. First leaf dustsoiled; light foxing.
Binding: Later wrappers.
First edition, Physikalische Abhandlungen der Königlich-baierischen
Akademie der Wissenschaften vol. I; a second volume was published in
1806 but apparently no more.
A prize essay dealing with the nature of light and heat. It was known at this
time from experiments with prisms that the red end of the spectrum was
warmer than the violet end. Weiss describes these experiments on pp. 24–28
with a woodcut diagram of a prism. The prize question was set in 1799 and

Weiss was awarded a prize for his essay on 38 March 1801, even though it
was submitted one and half years late. Weiss seems to have been unaware of
William Herschel’s discovery of infra­red light reported in the Philosophical
transactions early in 1800. He discusses Rumford’s work published in the
Philosophical transactions in 1798.
Weiss was awarded his doctorate in 1800 but before teaching spent two years
studying chemistry. Thereafter he turned his attention to crystallography, in
his annotated translation of Haüy’s Traité de minéralogie and in his own De
indagando formarum crystallinarum charactere geometrico principali (Leipzig,
1809).
186
WILLIS, Thomas (1621–1675)
De anima brutorum quae hominis vitalis ac sensitiva est,
exercitationes duae. Prior physiologia... altera pathologica... nempe
cerebrum & nervosum genus aYciunt.
London: Typis E[lizabeth]. F[lesher]. Impensis Ric. Davis, Oxon, 1672.
8vo: a8 a–b8 B–2D8 , 232 leaves, pp. [48] 400 [16]
8 folding engraved plates, numbered Tabula I–VIII.
152 x 95mm. A few spots but a good fresh copy.
Binding: Nineteenth­century vellum boards.
Provenance: Inscription on title ‘Ex libris Jacquet medicinae Hudiosi
1860’ and 7 pages of his notes on other works by Willis on endleaves
and verso of imprimatur leaf. Inscribed ‘M & W. Pagel’ on pastedown.
Second edition; there are two other issues, with the imprints ‘Londini,
Prostant apud Gulielm. Wells, & Rob. Scot, 1672’; and ‘Amstelodami,
Apud Joannem Blaeu, MDCLXXII’. (First edition, 4to, Oxford 1672).
H. J. R. Wing, Bibliography of Dr Thomas Willis 28; Wing W2826;
ESTC R200946; Madan 2954.
A classic of neurological anatomy, pathology, and medical psychology.
‘In explaining the functions of the sensitive soul, [Willis] recapitulated
many of the neurophysiological concepts Wrst introduced in Cerebri anatome
[1664], especially those of localization, and extended these to invertebrates
with some of the Wrst detailed dissections of the earthworm, oyster, and
lobster. He traced in detail how vibratory impressions from the Wve senses
are transmitted through the plenum of animal spirits which inhabit the
nervous system, and how these impulses are interpreted, processed, and
stored in specialized parts of the cerebrum and medulla oblongata... Willis
was not satisWed with anatomical investigation and speculative interpretation.
He goes on to argue, with the aid of extensive case histories and numerous
postmortems, how a broad range of disorders are due to derangement of
the neural portion of the corporeal soul. Sleeping and waking, headache,
lethargy, narcolepsy, coma, nightmare, vertigo, apoplexy, delirium, frenzy,
and paralysis – all are of neurological, rather than supernatural or humoral,
origins... Willis’ ideas of cerebral localization were the impetus for a line of
experimental work traceable into the early nineteenth century. This notion

of the corporeal soul in the nervous system, and the disorders to which it was
prone, was both a contribution to comparative psychology and the beginning
of modern concepts of neurology. His speculations on the involuntary
functions of the “intercostal” and “vagal” nerves provided the foundation
of our knowledge of the autonomic nervous system.’ (Robert G. Frank, Jr.
DSB 14:408a.)
In the famous chapter ‘De stupiditate sive morosi’ (‘a treasury of clinical
astuteness’ in CraneWeld’s words) Willis gives the Wrst description of
schizophrenia.
The plates illustrate human and sheep brains, along with the anatomy of
a lobster, an oyster, and an earthworm. The dissections were carried out by
Edmund King and J. Master. (See F. J. Cole A history of comparative anatomy,
pp. 222–231.)
The octavo second edition was entered in the Stationers’ Company register
on 5 January 1672 while the 4to Wrst edition was still being printed in Oxford.
Both editions were probably available simultaneously, the Oxford 4to serving
as a deluxe edition, the cheaper 8vo, issued in both London and Amsterdam,
the standard trade edition. Overall this represents an unusually sophisticated
marketing strategy.
Garrison and Morton 1544, 4513, 4730, 4793, 4919, 4966; Paul F. CraneWeld,
‘Thomas Willis on stupidity and foolishness,’ Bulletin of Medical History 35 (1961)
291–316; Hunter and Macalpine, Three hundred years of psychiatry (1963) pp. 187–
192.
187
WILLIS, Thomas (1621–1675)
Pharmaceutice rationalis. Sive diatriba de medicamentorum
operationibus in humano corpore... E Theatro Sheldoniano. M. DC.
LXXIV. Prostant apud Robertum Scott Bibliopolam Londinensem.
Pars secunda... E Theatro Sheldoniano. M. DC. LXXV.
Oxford: Archbishop Fell’s press for Robert Scott, 1674–75.
2 volumes 4to: I: [a]–d 4 A–2T 4 2u 2 , 186 leaves, pp. [32] 330 [10]. II:
a–f 4 g 2 (c) 2 A–3I 4 3K 2 , 250 leaves, pp. [56] 496 (i.e. 438, several errors in
pagination) [12]. Engraving of the Sheldonian Theatre on each titlepage.
14 engraved plates, numbered Tab. I–VI and I–VIII.
Part I. 202 x 142mm. Light waterstains; worm tracks in the inner
margin of last few leaves. A fresh crisp copy. Part II. 206 x 150mm.
Title leaf soiled and frayed, repairs to last leaf with loss of a few
letters; light waterstains throughout, Wrst and last few leaves uniformly
browned, plates dustsoiled.
Binding: Part I. Contemporary vellum boards, a few worm holes and a
short tear in the upper joint. Part II. Recent quarter roan.
Provenance: Part I. Early inscription, undeciphered, on free
endleaf; Marcellino Ventuosi, signature dated 1852 on free endleaf.
Contemporary annotations, mostly single words, in a contemporary
hand. No marks of provenance or annotation in Part II

First edition. Variants of both titlepages exist, with or without the words
‘Prostant apud Robertum Scott [etc]’ in the imprint (as in the Wrst and
second parts respectively here). 12mo editions were printed at Oxford
in the same years and at the Hague, Part I in 1674 and 1675 and Part
II in 1677; an 8vo edition of both parts was published at Oxford in
1679 although the titlepage to Part II is dated 1678. Wing W2844A;
ESTC R187752; Madan 3032, 3083; H. J. R. Wing, A bibliography of
Dr. Thomas Willis 32, 34.
‘Willis’s last work deals with the anatomy and physiology of the thoracic and
abdominal organs, and contains the Wrst description of the superWcial lymphatics
of the lungs, the Wrst clinical and pathological account of emphysema, and
a clear and accurate description of pertussis (whooping­cough). The book
also contains the Wrst distinction between diabetes mellitus, characterized
by glycosuria, [and] diabetes insipidus, in which sugar is not present in the
urine. Willis noted that psychogenic factors, such as grief or sadness, could
bring on diabetes. The second volume, published posthumously, includes a
life of the author.’ (Norman Library 2248.)
Because the two volumes were not published together, it is not unusual to
Wnd the volumes alone, or brought together from diVerent sources, as here.
188
WILLIS, Thomas (1621–1675)
Pharmaceutice rationalis: or, an exercitation of the operations of
medicines in humane bodies. Shewing the signs, causes, and cures of
most distempers incident thereunto. In two parts. As also A treatise of
the scurvey, and the several sorts thereof, with their symptoms, causes,
and cure.
London: printed for T. Dring, C. Harper, and J. Leigh in Fleetstreet: and are
to be sold by R. Clavell at the Peacock, at the West End of St. Paul’s, 1679.
Folio. Part I: A4 a–b4 B–u4 X2 , 90 leaves, pp. [24] 155 [1] (last page
blank). 6 engraved plates numbered Tab I–VI.
Part II: A–2A4 , 94 leaves, pp. [8] 179 [1] (last page blank). 8 engraved
plates numbered Tab I–VIII.
Part III: A–G4 H2 (–H2), 29 leaves, pp. 56 [2].
First edition in English. Another issue is without Robert Clavell’s name in
the imprint. H. J. R. Wing, Bibliography of Dr Thomas Willis, 54; Wing
W2848; ESTC R23777.
[Bound with:]
The remaining medical works... viz. I. Of fermentation. II. Of
feavours. III. Of urines. IV. Of the accension of the bloud. V. Of
musculary motion. VI. Of the anatomy of the brain. VII. Of the
description and use of the nerves. VIII. Of convulsive diseases.
London: Printed for T. Dring, C. Harper, J. Leigh, and S. Martyn, and
are to be sold by Robert Clavell, at the Peacock in St Paul’s Church-Yard,
1681.

Folio: Prelims: A2 , 2 leaves, pp [4].
Engraved portrait by Loggan (bound before the Pharmacuetice
rationalis)
Part I: ‘A medical­philosophical discourse of fermentation’ 1681: A–Z4 2A2 (–2A1), 93 leaves, pp. [8] 178.
Part II, ‘Five treatises’ 1681: p1 B–2B4 2C2 (–2C2). 98 leaves, pp. [4]
192.
16 leaves of engraved plates, the Wrst printed from 2 plates, numbered
[1] 1–6 [1] 7–8 [1] 9–13.
Part III, ‘An Essay of the pathology of the brain’ 1681: p2 B–O4 P2 (–P2) (a)–(h)2 (–h2), 70 leaves, pp. [4] 106 [30].
First edition in English. Another issue is without Robert Clavell’s name in
the imprint. H. J. R. Wing, Bibliography of Dr Thomas Willis 56; Wing
W2855; ESTC R201447.
303 x 187mm. Pharmaceutice rationalis: clean tear in part III, D3 into
the text without loss. Remaining medical works: paper Xaw in part II,
C2 aVecting a few letters without loss of sense. A few rust spots. Fine
fresh copies.
Binding: Two works bound together in contemporary panelled calf, gilt
spine, red edges. Rebacked with the original spine laid down.
Provenance: Contemporary signature ‘Wm. Vranceys’ on title and a
few pointing Wsts in the margins; bookplate of the Rt Hon. Washington
Sewallis Earl Ferrers of Chartley with inscription above ‘Ferrers
Chartley 1843’ and a small stamp.
The two volumes bound together here comprise the Wrst editions in English of
all of Willis’ works apart from the translation of De anima brutorum published
two years later in 1683 (see below). The translator of Pharmaceutice Rationalis
is not given, but Wood says that ‘being not well done it was corrected by S. P.
esq’ (Athenae Oxonienses, iii, cols. 1048–1053). This S. P. is the poet Samuel
Pordage (1633–1691) who is credited with the translations of the rest. Pordage
began his pubishing career with a translation of Seneca (1660) and was well
known as a poet. His translations of Willis’ works came late in his career.
In 1684 the Pharmaceutice rationalis was ‘newly translated’ and issued with
a reprint of The Remaining Medical Works and the sheets of the Two Discourses
concerning Soul of Brutes.
189
WILLIS, Thomas (1621–1675)
Two discourses concerning the soul of brutes, which is that of the
vital and sensitive of man. The Wrst physiological, shewing the nature,
parts, powers, and aVections of the same. The other pathological,
which unfolds the diseases which aVect it and its primary seat; to wit,
the brain and nervous stock, and treats of their cures.
London: printed for Thomas Dring at the harrow near Chancery-Lane End
in Fleet-street, Ch. Harper at the Flower-de-Luce against St. Dunstan’s
Church in Fleet-street, and John Leigh at Stationers-Hall, 1683.

Folio: A–N4 P–2G4 2H–2I2 (–2I2), 121 leaves, pp. [8] 1–96 105–234 [8].
7 leaves of plates containing impressions from 8 copperplates
numbered Tab. I–VIII (VI and VII on one leaf).
315 x 195mm. Titlepage dustsoiled; margins of sigs B–E (16 leaves)
frayed; tiny worm tracks in upper corner, only touching the headlines;
marginal stains, overall dustsoiling, but the plates clean and fresh.
Binding: Contemporary blind ruled calf, red sprinkled edges.
Rebacked, new spine, endleaves apparently original.
Provenance: Inked out inscriptions on titlepage; contemporary
signature of Thomas Long on front pastedown, repeated on free
endleaf and ‘County Comman’ written on rear endleaf in the same
hand; other inscriptions inked over on free endleaf and titlepage.
First edition in English of De anima brutorum (1672); it was also issued
as part V of Dr. Willis’s Practice of Physick (1684). H. J. R. Wing,
Bibliography of Dr Thomas Willis 58; Wing W2856; ESTC R219572;
Norman Library 2247.
The English translation of De anima brutorum, in which the word ‘psychology’
is Wrst used in the modern English sense.
Two discourses concerning the soul of brutes was issued on its own in 1683, as
this copy, and also appended to Dr. Willis’s Practice of Physick, being the Whole
Works of that Renowned and Famous Physician (1684). This was obviously not
the original intention as an ‘Advertisement’ at the foot of the last page in the
present work is for Dr Willis’s Practice of Physick described as having 10 parts
with 30 plates. In the event, the Practice contained 11 parts with 38 plates, the
Wnal part being a re­issue of the sheets of the present work.
190
WOLFF, Caspar Friedrich (1733–1794)
Theoria generationis quam pro gradu doctoris medicinae stabilivit
publice eam defensurus d. 28. Novembr. 1759. h. l. q. s.
Halle: litteris Hendelianis, 1759.
4to: A–R4 S2 (S2 +1) T2 , 73 leaves, pp. 146. Woodcut vignette on title,
woodcut headpieces and initial borders.
2 engraved plates, numbered Tab I–II, signed ‘Auctor ad nat. del.
Gründler sc. Hallae’ (bound at the end as foldouts).
255 x 202mm. Some minor spotting and light paper discolouration.
Binding: Contemporary calf, gilt spine, paste paper endleaves. Head
and tail of spine chipped, joints cracked but cords holding, spine and
corners worn.
Provenance: Charming engraved bookplate of Christian Andreas
Cothenius (1708–1789); Pagel’s annotation about the provenance on
free endleaf (see below).
First edition, large paper issue. Garrison–Morton 470; Norman Library
2257; Waller 11039.

A presentation copy on large paper of a fundamental work on embryology.
This is WolV’s MD thesis in which he refuted the theory of preformation
and put forward a theory of epigenesis which laid the foundations of the
germ­layer theory of Baer and Pander. He demonstrated the truth of his
theory with detailed microscopic observations on developing plant and chick
embryos. In the latter he followed the development of the heart and blood
vessels. ‘WolV’s fundamental achievement was the refutation of the theory
of preformation, which considered the development of an organism to be
simply the expansion of an invisible, transparent, fully formed embryo’ (A.
E. Gaissinovitch, DSB 15: 524).
This is a large paper copy, almost certainly a presentation copy from WolV
to his patron Christian Andreas Cothenius. (The ordinary paper copies are
220mm tall, or less if rebound and cut down like the Norman copy, 200 x
163mm.) Pagel has noted on the endleaf: ‘From the library of Cothenius with
his bookplate. C. was chief of the medical corps of the Prussian Army under
Frederick the Great and a personal patron of Casp F. WolV, as the latter tells us
in his second work, Theorie von der Generation 1764 (Voerede). It is reasonable
to assume that this copy was a personal gift of WolV to Cothenius.’
On the importance of the Theoria generationis for botany, see Julius von Sachs,
History of Botany (1890) pp. 249–253.
191
WOLFF, Caspar Friedrich (1733–1794)
Theorie von der Generation in zwo Abhandlungen erklärt und
bewiesen.
Berlin: Friedrich Wilhelm Birnstiel, 1764.
8vo: )( 8 A–S8 (blanks S7,8), 152 leaves, pp. [16] 283 [1] and [4, blank].
Woodcut vignette on title, woodcut head and tailpieces and initials.
75 x 103mm.
Binding: Contemporary paste­paper boards, paper label with gilt
lettering. Spine and corners worn.
First edition.
WolV’s Latin dissertation, Theoria generationis (1759) had been criticised
by Haller and Bonnet. ‘... he restated his theory of generation and replied
to Haller’s and Bonnet’s criticism in Theorie von der Generation – further
decreasing his chances of obtaining a professorship’ (A. E. Gaissinovitch,
DSB 15: 524b).
192
WOLFF, Caspar Friedrich (1733–1794)
Theoria generationis... editio nova, aucta et emendata.
Halle: typis et sumtu Io. Christ. Hendeli, 1774.
8vo: a–d 8 A–O 8 P 4 , 148 leaves, pp, LXIV 231 [1] (errata on last page).

2 engraved plates: numbered Tab I–II, signed ‘Auctor ad. nat. del’
(bound as throwouts on full blank leaves at the end).
200 x 120mm.
Binding: Nineteenth century boards. Worn.
Provenance: Early signature P. Wagner on free endleaf.
Second edition (Wrst 1759). Wellcome V, p. 460; Blake p. 494; Waller
11038.
This edition adds a foreword dated 4 November 1773, a long ‘Praemonenda
de theoria generationis’ and an index replying to criticisms (pp. xi–lxiv), but
omits the ‘Expositio et ratio instituti’ and ‘Conspectus dissertationis’ in the
Wrst edition (1759, pp. 5–11).
193
WOLFF, Caspar Friedrich (1733–1794)
Über die Bildung des Darmkanals im bebrüteten Hühnchen.
uebersetzt und mit einer einleitenden Abhandlung und Anmerkungen
versehen von Johann Friedrich Meckel.
Halle: in der Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1812.
8vo, pp. 263 [1].
2 engraved plates, numbered Taf I–II, signed ‘C. F. Wolf Bildg. d.
Darmkls.’ (bound as throwouts on full blank leaves at the end).
201 x 120mm. A good fresh and clean copy.
Binding: Contemporary marbled boards, gilt bands and lettering on
spine. Spine ends and corners rubbed.
Provenance: Old initials or shelf mark ‘I.W.17.’ on pastedown.
First German and Wrst book edition, a translation by J. F. Meckel of ‘De
formatione intestinorum praecipue’, Novi Commentarii Academiae
Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae, 12 (1768) 43–47 and 13 (1769)
478–530. Wellcome V, p. 460; Waller 11989.
‘One of the acknowledged classics of embryology. WolV’s description of
the formation of the chick’s intestine by the rolling inwards of a leaf­like
layer of the blastoderm was important as proving his theory of epigensesis.’
(Garrison–Morton 471.)
‘The publication of Meckel’s translation of WolV’s treatise on the formation
of the intestines of the chick was an event whose importance, in view of the
profound inXuence which this work exerted upon Pander and von Baer, it
would be diYcult to overestimate.’ (Adelmann.)
Meckel added a 56 page introduction and notes.
Howard B. Adelmann, Marcel Malpighi and the Evolution of Embryology, (1966),
iv, pp. 1652–1702.

194
WOODALL, John (1556–1643)
The surgeons mate or Military & domestique surgery.
Discovering faithfully & plainly the method and order of the surgeons
chest, the uses of the instruments, the vertues and operations of the
medicines, w[i]th the exact cures of wounds made by gun­shott, and
otherwise as namely: wounds, apostumes, ulcers, Wstula’s, fractures,
dislocations, w[i]th the most easie & safest wayes of amputation or
dismembring, The cures of the scurvey, of the Xuxes of the belly, of
the collicke and iliaca passio, of tenasmus and exitus ani, and of the
calenture, with A treatise of the cure of the plague.
London: printed by Rob: Young [, J. Legate? and E. Purslowe], for
Nicholas Bourne, and are to be sold at his shop at the south entrance of the
Royall Exchange, 1639.
Folio: A–B6 C–G8 H–O4 P6 2A–2R4 ; 6 ; 3A–3O4 3P–3R², 206 leaves,
pp. [36] 26 [6] 27–98 141–275 [1]; [12]; 301–412 [12]. Without the
Epistle to Clitherow found in some copies. Engraved title on A1
signed ‘G. Glover fecit’; woodcut headpieces and initials. Woodcut of
the allegorical Wgure of Mercury on p. 225; woodcut astrological and
alchemical symbols on pp. 248–60. 1, title page to ‘Viaticum’ with
imprint ‘printed by E. P. for Nicholas Bourne’; 3C2r, titlepage, ‘A
Treatise, faithfull and plainely declaring the way of preventing’; 3K3r,
titlepage ‘A treatise on gangrena,’ the last two with imprint ‘printed by
E. P. for Nicholas Bourne’. The inserted leaf after A4 is a poem ‘To
his very worthy and entirely respected friend and brother’.
6 insets: engraved equestrian portrait of Charles I (frontispiece);
folding plate of instruments (after D1v, the instruments are described
in the preceding pages); engraved plate to ‘Enema fumosum’ (after
p. 26); folding letterpress chart of the surgeons’ chest (after p. 26);
engraved plate of trepanning instruments (after p. 312); engraved plate
of amputation instruments (after p. 412).
305 x 195mm. Frontispiece and titlepage heavily stained, slightly
defective in the margins and reinforced on versos, these and the
additional leaf in sig. A and plate facing p. 312, also heavily stained
in the margins, have been extended in the lower margins and are
apparently supplied from another copy; plate facing p. 26 cut close
to the margins and mounted; some light soiling and staining, but
otherwise a fairly fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary blind ruled calf. Rebacked, one corner
restored, two others very worn; new endleaves.
Provenance: Contemporary prescriptions on the verso of the
frontispiece, which as noted above may come from a diVerent copy
from the rest of the book.
Second, enlarged edition (Wrst 1617). A reprint of this second edition was
published in 1655. STC 25963; ESTC S95910; Krivatsy 13141.

First published as The surgions Mate in 1617, this was the Wrst textbook written
for naval surgeons and has been called ‘the Wrst good medical textbook of
its kind in English’ (ODNB). It is famous for Woodall’s early advocacy of
the use of lemons and limes to prevent scurvy.
Woodall’s other writings are included in this
second edition which is the Wrst collected edition
of his works. The work reXects Woodall’s support
of Paracelsian chemistry and chemical medicines.
There is also a section on alchemy (expanded
from the Wrst edition) and an essay entitled
‘Certain fragments concerning chirurgerie and
alchymie,’ published in this edition for the Wrst
time with a table of alchemical symbols and a
glossary of alchemical terms (Debus, The English
Paracelsians pp. 99–101).
One of the most prominent surgeons of his
generation, Woodall played a leading role in the
Company of Barber­Surgeons, becoming master
in 1632. He was involved in the building of the
company’s anatomy theatre, designed by Inigo
Jones and modelled on the anatomy theatre
at Padua. In 1613 he was appointed the Wrst
surgeon­general of the East India Company.
‘The instruments and medicines for a
surgeon’s chest, with their uses, are clearly described, followed by sections
on acute surgical problems, potentially lethal medical conditions, a discourse
on scurvy, and a treatise about alchemy and chemical medicines. Woodall’s is
also the earliest comprehensive clinical account of scurvy to prescribe lemon
juice for its prevention and cure. Between 1626 and 1628 the Barber­Surgeons
were authorized to supply surgeons’ chests for the navy, merchant marine, and
the army, which prompted Woodall to publish in 1628 his Viaticum, the Path-
Way to the Surgeons Chest; specializing in the treatment of gunshot wounds it
was mainly designed to instruct young surgeons with the English troops who
attempted to relieve Huguenots blockaded in the Atlantic port of La Rochelle.
This short work and Woodall’s Treatise... of... the Plague and a Treatise of
Gangrene and Sphacelos were incorporated with separate title­pages in a revised
and extended edition of The Surgions Mate... in 1639. Dedicated to Charles I,
it contains an equestrian portrait of the king engraved by William Marshall and
a Wne plate illustrating Woodall’s own invented hand trephine, safely used for
cutting holes in skulls for the next three centuries. His detailed description of
the amputation of sphacelos, or dead tissue, at the upper limit of established
gangrene, enabling him to save more than a hundred lives, was long accepted
as a standard work on the subject.’ (John H. Appleby in ODNB.)
Bibliographical note. Signature G contains 8 leaves: G1,2 signed; G3 unsigned;
G4,5 signed G3,2; G6–8 unsigned. It is not clear from this copy which
leaves are conjugate. The contents of these leaves are as follows: G1–2, pp.
23–26; G3r–v, verses, ‘To his very worthy and entirely respected friend and
Brother’; G4r–G6r ‘Enema fumosum, or a Fumous Glister’; G6v blank;
G7r–8r pp. 27–29; G8v blank. In most copies the unsigned leaf containing the

verses, by G. Dunn, is bound with the prelims. In the collation in the ESTC
collation (from the Folger copy) it is bound after B5 and designated p1; in
the EEBO images (from the Glasgow university Library copy) it is bound
after A4. The Folger collation records signature G as an 8­leaf gathering,
even though G3 is removed to the prelims, counting the letterpress layout of
the surgeon’s chest as part of the gathering. Since it is printed on a full sheet
(and therefore cannot be conjugate with any other leaf in the gathering) and
has the legend ‘Place this Chest, betwixt Fol. 26 and 27’ it seems best to treat
is as an insert as I have done.
Printing was divided between three shops: Young printed the Wrst set of
signatures, apparently Legat printed the second, and Purslowe the third
(STC). The large gaps in pagination are no doubt caused by over cautious
casting­oV.
195
ZEIDLER, Sebastian Christian von
Somatotomia andropologica [sic], seu Corporis Humani Fabrica
methodice divisa, & controversarum quaestionum discussionibus
illustrata.
Prague: typis Joannis Caroli Gerzabek, 1686.
Folio: )+( 2 , )*( 2 , A–2G2 , 64 leaves, pp. [8] 118 [2]. Woodcut initials and
headpieces.
29 engraved plates: engraved titlepage dated 1685 and Tab 1–28, the
Wrst in duplicate in this copy.
295 x 185mm. Text and plates browned but fresh, tear in blank margin
of Tab. 12, Tabs 27 and 28 waterstained.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, page edges stained green.
Provenance: Contemporary inscription ‘Libris Joannis Thomae Bosch
Medicinae Doctoris’ on endleaf.
First edition, state of title with mis­spelling ‘andropologica’ on title
(corrected to ‘anthropologica in some copies). The work was re­issued
in 1692. Krivatsy 13244; Heirs of Hippocrates 628.
A rare anatomy which presumably reXects Zeidler’s teaching at Prague.
Zeidler was responsible for building an anatomy theatre at the Charity Hospital
there, shown in the interior and exterior views on the engraved titlepage.
The dissecting scene is curiously old fashioned, showing Zeidler using a long
pointer while a dissector wields the knife. This is odd, given that the book was
published almost 150 years after Vesalius had shown himself as both professor
and dissector on the titlepage of the Fabrica (1543). It seems improbable
that Zeidler was still teaching ex cathedra, so perhaps the artist was simply
following an older convention.
Apart from Brockbank and Wilson’s article, an oVprint of which is laid in,
the book seems to be unknown to medical historians.
W. Brockbank and G. Wilson, ‘The Anatomy of Zeidlern (1686)’, Medical History
1 (1957) 353–4 and plate.

Roger Gaskell
Warboys, Cambridgeshire
Designed by Kitzinger, London
Printed by Henry Ling, Dorchester
April 2010