Optimizing Processes with RFID and Auto ID, 2009

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Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.1 Historical Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.2 Proven in several applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.3 Innovation as a driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Part 1: Technical Fundamentals 2 RFID technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.1 What is an RFID system? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.2 The components of an RFID system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2.1 Reading device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2.2 Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.2.3 Transponders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.3 Classification of RFID systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.3.1 Passive systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.3.2 Semi-active systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.3.3 Active systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.4 Frequency bands and their properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3 Optical codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.1 Success and limits of barcodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.2 Standards regarding the 2D code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.2.1 Technology standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.2.2 Application standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.3 Data Matrix Code features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.3.1 Data Matrix Code structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.3.2 Codable data with Data Matrix ECC200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.3.3 Error correction and security aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.4 Application and marking methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.4.1 Application of labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.4.2 Direct marking processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.4.3 Verification of the Code Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.5 Reading systems and their properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.5.1 Components of a data matrix reading system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.5.2 Stationary reading systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.5.3 Mobile reading systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 7
Contents 8 3.5.4 Physical and technical data integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3.6 Achieve good read results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 3.6.1 Optimization of the optical conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3.6.2 Minimization of the material ambient conditions’ influence 54 3.6.3 Meeting the technological requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3.7 Outlook and new developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4 System architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.1.1 Software in RFID and Auto ID systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.1.2 System characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.1.3 Processes, applications, and marginal conditions . . . . . . . . . 58 4.2 System levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.2.1 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.2.2 Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.2.3 Application levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.2.4 Edgeware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4.3 Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 4.3.1 System interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 4.3.2 Communication layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 4.3.3 Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4.4 Data flow and data management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 4.4.1 RFID and Auto ID data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 4.4.2 Object identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 4.4.3 Distributed mobile databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 4.4.4 Hybrid approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.5 System management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.5.1 Device management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.5.2 Edge server management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4.5.3 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4.5.4 Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 4.5.5 Extendibility and adaptability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 4.5.6 Invoicing functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 4.6 The EPCglobal Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 4.6.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 4.6.2 EPCIS and ALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 4.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 5 System selection criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.1 Automatic identification with Data Matrix Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 5.2 “Open Loop” applications with RFID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 5.3 “Closed Loop” applications in RFID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 5.4 Conclusion: both technologies complement each other . . . . . . . 80
Page 2: Bartneck/Klaas/Schoenherr Optimizin
Page 5 and 6: Bibliographic information published
Page 7: Preface reducing costs, and increas
Page 11 and 12: Contents 10 Production logistics .
Page 13 and 14: Contents 17.3 The economical value
Page 15 and 16: 1 Introduction Holger Schoenherr Th
Page 17 and 18: 1 Introduction 1.1 Historical Devel
Page 19 and 20: 1 Introduction Fig. 1.4 Siemens has
Page 21 and 22: 1 Introduction Fig. 1.5 Where vehic
Page 23 and 24: 1 Introduction tecture in productio
Page 25 and 26: 2 RFID technology Dieter Horst The
Page 27 and 28: 2 RFID technology Interfaces Fig. 2
Page 29 and 30: 2 RFID technology 2.2.2 Antennas Al
Page 31 and 32: 2 RFID technology 2.3 Classificatio
Page 33 and 34: 2 RFID technology Fig. 2.7 Passive
Page 35 and 36: 2 RFID technology 2.3.2 Semi-active
Page 37 and 38: 2 RFID technology Low frequency: 9-
Page 39 and 40: 3 Optical codes Kirsten Drews For s
Page 41 and 42: 3 Optical codes Fig. 3.1 Examples o
Page 43 and 44: 3 Optical codes Finder border, soli
Page 45 and 46: 3 Optical codes that up to 28 % of
Page 47 and 48: 3 Optical codes good contrast betwe
Page 49 and 50: 3 Optical codes ing of certain para
Page 51 and 52: 3 Optical codes ever, the result is
Page 53 and 54: 3 Optical codes market which allow
Page 55 and 56: 3 Optical codes • Optimization of
Page 57 and 58: 3 Optical codes years by industry a
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4 System architecture Fig. 4.1 Syst
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4 System architecture 4.2 System le
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4 System architecture online applic
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4 System architecture temporarily s
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4 System architecture Proprietary X
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4 System architecture This principl
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4 System architecture tion is also
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4 System architecture Basically, th
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5 System selection criteria Peter H
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5 System selection criteria metal s
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5 System selection criteria its 96
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5 System selection criteria proache
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6 Standardization Gerd Elbinger Sta
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6 Standardization zation is the exe
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6 Standardization reading ranges ar
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6 Standardization There are many mo
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6 Standardization whereby, not only
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Part 2 The Practical Application of
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7.2 It all starts with visions and
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Organi - zation Functions Input Out
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7.4.2 Procedure for RFID projects 7
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7.5 The RFID business case in pract
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in EUROS 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 -
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8.1 Feasibility test / Field test m
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8.1 Feasibility test / Field test
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• The technology must be robust a
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• System integration for the exis
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Part 3 Current Applications - from
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9.1 The dilemma of modern competiti
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9.2 The production of individualize
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9.3 Autonomous production systems w
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9.4 Decentralizing production data
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9.6 Is RFID worthwhile in Productio
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9.6 Is RFID worthwhile in Productio
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10.2 Processes in production logist
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10.3 RFID in production logistics s
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10.4 Application examples company Q
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10.5 Summary and forecast Fig. 10.4
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11 Container and Asset Management J
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11.1 Requirements for Container Man
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11.1.4 Technical Specifications 11.
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11.1.6 Additional peripheral proces
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11.3 Container and Asset Management
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11.4 Business models At Siemens Pow
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11.5 Perspective partial use of tra
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12.1 Application areas respondingly
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12.1 Application areas sembly proce
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12.2 Drivers for Tracking and Traci
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12.3.1 Reactive Quality management
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12.5 Perspective 12.5 Perspective F
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13.2 Change of the demands on busin
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13.3 New business processes require
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13.4 Advantages of RFID employment
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13.5 Further development options fe
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14 Vehicle logistics Marcus Bliesze
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14.3 Application scenarios access p
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14.3 Application scenarios the asse
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14.3 Application scenarios fill, an
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14.3 Application scenarios 1,800 ve
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15 RFID at the airport Regina Schna
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15.1 Processes in airport logistics
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15.2 Areas of use for RFID in airpo
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15.3 Perspectives business cases fo
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16.1 Auto ID in postal logistics 16
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16.2 RFID - the innovative Auto ID
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RFID localization 16.2 RFID - the i
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16.2 RFID - the innovative Auto ID
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16.3.4 RFID in future postal logist
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17.2 Reference projects thousand of
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17.2 Reference projects ner for the
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17.2 Reference projects The “Klin
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17.4 RFID in the future 13.6 MHz, a
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17.5 Conclusion 17.5 Conclusion In
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18 RFID - printed on a roll Wolfgan
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18 RFID - printed on a roll the pro
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18 RFID - printed on a roll Fig. 18
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18 RFID - printed on a roll • Neg
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19 RFID and sensors The implementat
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19 RFID and sensors Fig. 19.2 SEAGs
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19 RFID and sensors 19.2.4 Central
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19 RFID and sensors In order to fin
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19 RFID and sensors lation are not
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20 RFID security ders to prepare a
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20 RFID security 20.2 Information s
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20 RFID security Many products do,
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20 RFID security process) and espec
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20 RFID security elegant option of
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21 Epilogue: En route to the “int
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Page 245 and 246:
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Bibliography Martin Strassner: RFID
Page 249 and 250:
Editor and authors Marcus Bliesze M
Page 251 and 252:
Editor and authors Dr. Stephan Lech
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Index 2D code 38, 119, 190 A Accele
Page 255 and 256:
Index O Object description data 66
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